Factors associated with father-infant bonding in the COVID-19 pandemic: An internet-based cross-sectional study in Japan

The Covid-19 pandemic has forced changes in our lifestyles and affected the relationships between father and infant. The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with father-infant bonding during the Covid-19 pandemic in Japan. This study was a cross-sectional study using a nationwide online survey data. The Japanese version of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) was used for father-infant bonding. The study participants were divided into two groups depending on their partners’ parity. A linear regression model (Gauss-Markov-type) was used for the two groups. A total of 1,055 men were included in the analysis. Of these men, 521 (49.4%) had a partner who was primipara, and 534 (50.6%) had a partner who was multipara. No significant differences were found between the two groups for MIBS-J scores. The fathers’ mental health, relationship with the partner and family members, abusive behavior towards children, wanted pregnancy, and admission history to NICU for the youngest child were associated with father-infant bonding. As for factors related to Covid-19, caring for the child while the partner is at home has a negative impact on bonding, while fear related to infection with Covid-19 has no negative impact on the bonding.