Comparative Wavelet and MFCC Speech EmotionRecognition Experiments on the RAVDESS Dataset

preprint OA: closed
Full text JSON View at publisher
AI-generated summary by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-14

This study compared wavelet transforms and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients for speech emotion recognition using the RAVDESS dataset and a Random Forest algorithm.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-14 · read from full text

The study compares different speech feature-extraction approaches—Window-Fourier Transform, MFCCs, and continuous vs discrete wavelet transforms—evaluating how time–frequency localization (constant vs variant) affects emotion recognition performance on the RAVDESS (Ryerson audio-visual) dataset. Using similar hyperparameters, the authors apply a Random Forest classifier to classify emotions from speech features, with wavelets motivated as a nonlinear tool and MFCCs as a standard speech representation. The key finding reported is comparative performance across these feature types under the chosen classification setup. The paper is a preprint and is explicitly not peer reviewed, which is a stated caveat about the work’s current status. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Abstract Emotion Recognition (ER) from speech is one of the most interesting research domains for the scientific world. The challenge behind ER is essentially the method of speech-feature-extraction that can efficiently encapsulate speaker independent emotional information from speech signals. This paper compares the performance of Window-Fourier Transform Method, Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC’s) and Continuous/Discrete Wavelet Transforms from the perspective of constant vs variant localization of time-frequency on The Rayerson audio-visual database of emotional speech and song. Wavelet transform has proven to be a promising non-linear tool for signal analysis that has been successfully applied in image recognition, compression and other tasks. MFCC’s has been a standard in feature extraction for speech. The motive here is to compare both the methods using the Random Forest algorithm with similar hyperparameters.
Full text 13,709 characters · extracted from preprint-html · click to expand
Comparative Wavelet and MFCC Speech EmotionRecognition Experiments on the RAVDESS Dataset | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Comparative Wavelet and MFCC Speech EmotionRecognition Experiments on the RAVDESS Dataset Aayush Bajaj, Dr. K.C. Tripathi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1679598/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Emotion Recognition (ER) from speech is one of the most interesting research domains for the scientific world. The challenge behind ER is essentially the method of speech-feature-extraction that can efficiently encapsulate speaker independent emotional information from speech signals. This paper compares the performance of Window-Fourier Transform Method, Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC’s) and Continuous/Discrete Wavelet Transforms from the perspective of constant vs variant localization of time-frequency on The Rayerson audio-visual database of emotional speech and song. Wavelet transform has proven to be a promising non-linear tool for signal analysis that has been successfully applied in image recognition, compression and other tasks. MFCC’s has been a standard in feature extraction for speech. The motive here is to compare both the methods using the Random Forest algorithm with similar hyperparameters. Computer Architecture and Engineering Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Continuous wavelet transform Discrete Wavelet transform Mel- Frequency Cepstral Coefficients Emotion recognition Speech processing Pat- tern Recognition Decision Tree Classifier Random Forest Classifier Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Full Text Declarations Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1679598","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":110241543,"identity":"4da1e8d4-f80f-40f4-83a2-3a13d90dce2e","order_by":0,"name":"Aayush Bajaj","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aayush","middleName":"","lastName":"Bajaj","suffix":""},{"id":110241544,"identity":"8b84f411-f241-4467-b3ed-15373da12fba","order_by":1,"name":"Dr. K.C. Tripathi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"Dr.","firstName":"K.C.","middleName":"","lastName":"Tripathi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-05-21 12:09:43","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1679598/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1679598/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":22380096,"identity":"ffeb7fa6-46a4-49c7-a91e-2ba01cd1070d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-06-07 19:56:01","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":53366,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eROC for Neutral Emotion\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1679598/v1/abe06498e51678217d98f680.png"},{"id":22380097,"identity":"9117d24b-bd05-4b91-89ba-59d0fe69e417","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-06-07 19:56:01","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":53721,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eROC for Calm Emotion\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1679598/v1/8e15e4c5aa79241e21ee7ed2.png"},{"id":22380102,"identity":"15140a20-5ef9-4f2b-a4b9-228e80682f9e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-06-07 19:56:01","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":55881,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eROC for Happy Emotion\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1679598/v1/aec7aac22091a7ccdeb00550.png"},{"id":22380098,"identity":"b0d0ee7a-8955-4846-80c2-6fd744244777","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-06-07 19:56:01","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":55002,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eROC for Sad Emotion\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1679598/v1/4a8c19f378d53259c383ba2f.png"},{"id":22380103,"identity":"3ce0e169-1166-4258-98d5-4948f37458c9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-06-07 19:56:01","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":53667,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eROC for Angry Emotion\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1679598/v1/7ad6d20f791449381137a65a.png"},{"id":22380549,"identity":"55e8fcd4-1288-40ca-b899-1d1c001ed7f9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-06-07 20:01:02","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":56773,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eROC for Fear Emotion\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1679598/v1/78fa9af57f9f36cb4e240246.png"},{"id":22380105,"identity":"7e0e854b-fc76-4353-aef8-a35d430b7463","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-06-07 19:56:02","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":55918,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eROC for Disgust Emotion\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1679598/v1/1fb222bb541ee1555e7f12e3.png"},{"id":22380109,"identity":"c7888bc1-60c9-4e44-8927-8e2804f6a68b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-06-07 19:56:02","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":56113,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eROC for Surprise Emotion\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1679598/v1/b3754bd1dbd5710a0e7a157b.png"},{"id":22380573,"identity":"52bf8172-5874-4d5c-bbf2-be7f8c4494bb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-06-07 20:01:13","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":276162,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FinalManuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1679598/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eComparative Wavelet and MFCC Speech Emotion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecognition Experiments on the RAVDESS Dataset\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-1679598/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."},{"header":"Declarations","content":"Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Continuous wavelet transform, Discrete Wavelet transform, Mel- Frequency Cepstral Coefficients, Emotion recognition, Speech processing, Pat- tern Recognition, Decision Tree Classifier, Random Forest Classifier","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1679598/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1679598/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eEmotion Recognition (ER) from speech is one of the most interesting research domains for the scientific world. The challenge behind ER is essentially the method of speech-feature-extraction that can efficiently encapsulate speaker independent emotional information from speech signals. This paper compares the performance of Window-Fourier Transform Method, Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC’s) and Continuous/Discrete Wavelet Transforms from the perspective of constant vs variant localization of time-frequency on The Rayerson audio-visual database of emotional speech and song. Wavelet transform has proven to be a promising non-linear tool for signal analysis that has been successfully applied in image recognition, compression and other tasks. MFCC’s has been a standard in feature extraction for speech. The motive here is to compare both the methods using the Random Forest algorithm with similar hyperparameters.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparative Wavelet and MFCC Speech EmotionRecognition Experiments on the RAVDESS Dataset","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-06-07 19:55:59","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1679598/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"01f5ba97-db91-4a69-88db-e9d44144256b","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 7th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":12968919,"name":"Computer Architecture and Engineering"},{"id":12968920,"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-06-07T19:55:59+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2022-06-07 19:55:59","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-1679598","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-1679598","identity":"rs-1679598","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: preprint-html

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. The paper's references may be in our DB but unresolved to ``paper_id`` (resolution happens at ingest when the cited DOI matches a row we already have). Run the cross-source citation reconcile pass to retry.

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-05-19T01:45:01.086888+00:00