Evaporative microclimate interval cooling impressively reduces heat stress in thermal insulating protective clothing

Evaporative microclimate interval cooling impressively reduces heat stress in thermal insulating protective clothing | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evaporative microclimate interval cooling impressively reduces heat stress in thermal insulating protective clothing Karl Jochen Glitz, Stefan Freitag, Uwe Seibel, Ulrich Rohde, Alexander Witzki, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6295166/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Thermal insulating protective clothing impedes sweat evaporation, the most substantial way of heat dissipation for working humans. As a consequence, metabolic heat can increase body core temperature rapidly, which can result in life-threatening heat illnesses. The evaporative microclimate cooling method Dry Air Comfort (DAC) has been shown to be very effective for reducing the risk of heat induced illnesses. Aim of this study was to determine whether DAC can also prevent heat stress when used in intervals. Methods Using a balanced within-subject design twelve men in protective overalls were randomly assigned (max. 205 min, 25 °C, 50 % relative humidity/RH, 0.2 m/s wind speed) to a work-rest schedule (5x20 min work respectively rest each; work: treadmill, 3 km/h, 5 % incline; handling of loads) without (permanently warm condition) and with insufflating conditioned air (30 °C, << 3 % RH, 600 l/min) into an air-diffusing undergarment during rest periods (interval cooling condition). Results In the interval cooling condition all participants tolerated the whole exposure time never exceeding a core temperature of 38.0 °C. In contrast, in the permanently warm condition eight subjects had to terminate work because of high core temperatures (39 °C, n = 5), subjective exhaustion or reaching 90 % of the maximum individual heart rate (HR; n = 3). HR decline was significantly more pronounced during rest periods during interval cooling, indicating significant recovery: e.g., 105.1±17.0 b/min vs. 149.7±15.5 b/min (rest 4, 165. min vs. work 4, 145. min, n = 12). During permanently warm HR showed only minor recovery: e.g., 138.4±15.0 b/min vs. 158.7±12.3 b/min (rest 4, 165. min vs. work 4, 145. min, n = 8) and exceeded the level of HR in rest periods of interval cooling. All other parameters (core/skin temperatures, ratings of perceived exertion, heat burden) indicated significantly lower heat stress and distinctive heat dissipation during rests in the interval cooling. Conclusions Interval heat evaporation during rests periods with the microclimate cooling method DAC was shown to be effective in preventing body heat accumulation during alternating work-rest cycles. The method can improve occupational health and safety of men working in thermal protective clothing. exertional heat illness heat stress sweat evaporation microclimate interval cooling Dry Air Comfort (DAC) Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Industrial workers, fire fighters, and military personnel often have to wear protective clothing (e.g., CBRN) while performing physical demanding tasks. The combination of physical work, weight, stiffness, and movement restrictions of the equipment results in a massive increase of the metabolic rate and, consequently, heat production [ 1 , 2 ]. At the same time, thermal insulation of this clothing limits heat dissipation, particularly by minimizing sweat evaporation. The resulting heat stress increases the rate of body heat storage, reduces physical performance, and can lead to exertional heat illness [ 3 – 6 ]. This risk also affects people working for public health services, e.g. in the treatment of patients with severe viral infectious diseases (e.g., Ebola, Corona; [ 7 , 8 ]). Exertional heat illnesses are an occupational health and safety risk for many occupations. Even in its least severe form it can be associated with heat cramps, often accompanied by increased sweating, fatigue and increased thirst [ 3 , 9 , 10 ]. Heat exhaustion is a more serious form which can result from prolonged exposure to heat coupled with physical exertion and/ or unfavourable working conditions, e.g. insulating protective suits and the symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, bradycardia, tachycardia, headache and low blood pressure [ 3 , 10 ]. If the precipitating conditions continue, exertional heat stroke (EHS) can develop unpredictably. EHS is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical treatment. EHS manifests itself as multi-organ failure due to generalized tissue damage and is associated with high mortality if left untreated. [ 3 , 5 , 11 , 12 ]. Work-time limitations are a common occupational prevention measure to reduce the risk of heat related illnesses. Occupational safety in heat stress prone work may require a reduction in, work time, in some situations, to less than 30 minutes. Various microclimate cooling devices have been designed to reduce heat stress [ 13 ]. In certain conditions (e.g., short term work) these cooling devices can provide a temporary mitigation heat illness risk [ 14 ]. However, all such devices have some degree of physiological, physical and/or technical limitations. One approach is to dissipate body heat by conduction. This can be achieved by using ice packs or other phase change materials (PCMs) [ 15 – 17 ] in cooling vests, or by, circulating precooled liquids [ 18 , 19 ]. The major drawback of this method is vasoconstriction which impedes blood flow to the skin and thereby heat dissipation [ 20 ]. Intermittent cooling regimes at 2-minute intervals or control systems regulating the temperature of the circulating liquids have been considered to impede the reduction of cutaneous perfusion [ 21 , 22 ]. The most promising approach for microclimate cooling from a physiological and sustainable point of view is to enhance sweat evaporation. It is the most effective physiological mechanism for maintaining effective heat balance in the heat. Passive techniques (i.e. design of clothing) employing sweat evaporation promote genuine convection [ 23 ]. Equipment, which actively supplies protective clothing with ambient air through fans, is also available [ 14 , 24 ]. However, evaporation requires a sufficient humidity gradient between the microclimate within the clothing and the ambient climate. Furthermore, hybrid systems combining two technologies, e.g., combining ventilation fans and PCM, have been developed to compensate for the drawbacks of each approach [ 25 , 26 ]. An optimized solution for sweat evaporation and, thus, for physiological body cooling has already been reported [ 27 ]. This method, Dry Air Comfort (DAC), avoids the disadvantage of ambient air. With this technique, the microclimate of thermally insulating protective clothing is supplied with a flow of dehumidified and tempered air provided by a compressor. This approach has proven to be very effective in enhancing sweat evaporation and, to a minor extent, convective heat loss. This results in lower heart rates as well as core and skin temperatures. Thus, previously limited work-time schedules can be significantly extended. Its use is confined to stationary workplaces as a flexible hose connecting the device to the person is required. For mobile use, an interval cooling strategy with DAC could be the solution enabling work unhindered by a hose and would take cooling breaks at predetermined times. For cooling, personnel would be connected to a stationary compressor during rest periods with no need to remove their protective clothing. The aim of the current study was to test the applicability and the effectiveness of this strategy within a work-rest schedule adapted to a real work situation. The assumption was that evaporative heat loss during rest periods prevents the accumulation of body heat and, consequently, exertional heat illness. If effective, the evaporation method could not only improve occupational health and safety for working tasks in thermally insulating protective clothing that require freedom of movement, it also would allow longer work times. Methods In the present study a within-subject-repeated-measure design was used to test effects of an interval microclimate cooling strategy. Measurements and calculations were generally the same as those applied in a previous study in which the method “Dry Air Comfort” (DAC) was introduced [ 27 ]. Participants Twelve healthy male participants who gave their informed written consent were included in this study. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Association of the Federal State Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany [reference number 837.526.13 (9211), 15.04.2014]. All study participants were informed about the procedure in detail and underwent a medical examination, including resting and exercise ECG before the first test was carried out. A further medical interview or, if deemed necessary by the physician overseeing medical safety (medical supervisor), a medical check-up was conducted before the follow-up test. Table 1 describes the biometric characteristics of the study participants. Table 1 Biometric characteristics of the twelve participants. Variable M ± SD Age (years) 24.0 ± 5.2 Body mass (kg) 77.1 ± 11.3 Body height (cm) 178.6 ± 3.4 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 24.2 ± 3.5 Note: Values are means ± standard deviations (M ± SD). Evaporative microclimate cooling (Dry Air Comfort - DAC) As part of the Dry Air Comfort (DAC) process, dehumidified air was generated using a stationary compressor. This air was directed through a hose to an air-diffusing undergarment (Dry Air Comfort-Suit, DAC-S). With an outlet temperature of 30°C and a relative humidity (RH) of < < 3%, the ventilation rate was 600 l/min. At 30°C and normal pressure, the maximum water vapor absorption rate is approximately 1120 ml/h [ 28 ]. DAC-S was an improved version of the previously described suit [ 27 ] which was worn between underwear and an impermeable protective clothing. It was designed as a jumpsuit made of a three-dimensional space knitted fabric (Müllertextil™, No. 5952, thickness 10 mm) with a lining on the outside. A stellate hose system for air distribution was implemented in the suit. This system provides dry air ventilation for selected body areas such as the chest, back, upper arms, forearms, thighs, and calves, with high perspiration or high evaporation heat dissipation [ 29 – 32 ]. Climate chamber, protocol and study design The climate conditions of the study were 25°C (air temperature = radiation temperature), 50% RH and 0.2 m/s wind speed, implemented in a climatic chamber (Weiss Technik™ Typ 26’ US/15…+40JU, Weiss Umwelttechnik GmbH, Germany). The protocol started with a 5-minute initial rest period (start). This was followed by a sequence of five work and rest periods of 20 min each. During rest, the participants stood in an upright position. The total test time was 205 min. Work was performed on a treadmill (h/p cosmos™ pulsar 3P 4.0, h/p cosmos™ sports & medical GmbH, Germany) with a speed of 3 km/h at a 5% incline. While walking the participants simulated typical decontamination activities, that were identified in an on-site analysis. These tasks included carrying (period: 4:20 min) a jerrycan (weight: 10 kg), simulating decontamination tasks (period: 4:10 min) by repositioning metal cylinders/cuboids (weights: 190 g, 590 g, 670 g), and handling (period: 5:00 min) a decontamination lance model (weight: 1.5 kg). The workload and duration of working periods were based on a conservative assessment of the tolerance time and were assessed by means of an on-site task-analysis in a real work situation [ 33 ]. The durations of the rest and work periods were adjusted to achieve alternating work and rest sessions. Tests were conducted at the same time of day and at least one week apart. Each participant performed the test runs using the same protocol under two conditions. Control condition: ‘perm. warm' permanently warm, i.e., no cooling provided during the whole test protective clothing (without DAC-S) Test condition: ’inter. cool’ interval cooling, i.e., cooling during the ‘start’ and ‘rest’ periods protective clothing (incl. DAC-S) The order of the two test conditions was balanced across participants and randomly assigned (randomised controlled trial, RCT). Full clothing and protective equipment Participants wore tight-fitting, commercially available, long functional underwear (Odlo Evolution light) under a thermally insulating and water vapour impermeable chemical protective overall made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (Isotemp™ Acid Stop 4007/P). The suit had a large hood. To counteract convection during the test, the openings for the legs and arms were form-fitted closed. For leakage of the insufflated air after passing through the undergarment, valves were installed in the hood of the ventilated overalls. The subjects' equipment included boots, acid protection gloves, and a full-face mask with a turbine of the ergospirometry system (instead of the filter). The weight of the full clothing, protective equipment and the measuring equipment was 7.9 kg. The additional DAC-S used only in the interval cooling condition increased the total load to 11.2 kg. Measurements and calculations A Polar™ monitoring system (H7, S810i, Polar Protrainer 5, V 5.41.002; Polar Electro Oy, Finland) was used to record heart rates. The data were averaged in 60 s intervals. A mobile ergospirometry system (CORTEX MetaMax™ 3 BR2, CORTEX Biophysik GmbH, Germany) was used to record spiroergometric data (VO 2 , VCO 2 ) breath-by-breath. The measurements were averaged over 60 s intervals. The metabolic rates were calculated via indirect calorimetry. Core temperatures were quantified with a CorTemp™ wireless core body temperature monitoring system (sensor HT150002, recorder 150016; HQ, Inc., USA). The participants swallowed this ‘thermal pill’ at least 3 hours before test start. Data were recorded three times per minute and averaged over 60 s intervals. The skin temperatures at four skin sites (chest, upper arm, thigh, lower leg) were measured with YSI™ 400 compatible sensors (thermistors) and recorded twelve times per minute with a data logger (Ahlborn™ 2590, Ahlborn Mess- und Regeltechnik GmbH, Germany). From these measurements mean weighted skin temperatures (0.3 T chest + 0.3 T upper arm + 0.2 T thigh + 0.2 T lower leg ) were calculated according to Ramanathan [ 34 ] and averaged over 60 s intervals. Water consumption before the test was encouraged to ensure adequate hydration. A maximum of 500 ml of water was offered during both second and fourth rest periods in both conditions. The water temperature was 38°C to ensure that the measurement conditions of the thermal pill was not altered. Participants were free to drink as much of the 500 ml as they desired. Amount of water consumed was recorded for calculation of sweat balance. Each participant was weighed before and after testing without clothes on a personal scale (Soehnle™ professional 2790, Soehnle-Waagen GmbH, Germany) to assess sweat balance. Weights of the protective clothing and the DAC-S were collected simultaneously using a hanging scale (Kern™ HDB5K5, Kern & Sohn GmbH, Germany), while weights of lighter clothing articles were ascertained with a precision scale (Sauter™ S 4000/ T1, August Sauter KG, Germany). The weight changes, corrected for respiratory water loss and weight differences between exhaled CO 2 and O 2 intake [ 35 ], were used for the calculation of total sweat loss, sweat accumulated in clothing, and sweat evaporation. The percentage of sweat evaporation relative to sweat loss was set as evaporation rate. A heat flux of 2400 kJ/kg sweat was predefined to calculate the evaporative heat loss. Participants reported ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) using the Borg scale (‘6’ to ‘20’) [ 36 , 37 ] at the end of the work and rest periods. At the same time, self-perceived heat burden was assessed with a standardised rating scale [ 38 ]: ‘very hot’ (4), ‘hot’ (3), ‘warm’ (2), ‘slightly warm’ (1), ‘neutral’ (0), ‘slightly cool’ (-1), ‘cool’ (-2), ‘cold’ (-3), ‘very cold’ (-4). Test termination Tests were terminated by the medical supervisor if any of the following medical termination criteria were met for the physiological parameters monitored online: 90% of the maximum individual heart rate on the initial exercise ECG core temperature of 39°C [ 39 ] Participants were free to terminate the test at any time (e.g. in case of subjective exhaustion). Prematurely ended tests can be recognised as a reduced number of participants in the figures and tables of results. Statistical analysis For the statistical analyses SPSS™ 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and STATISTICA™ 12.0 (StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA) were used. The time courses of heart rate, spiroergometric data, core temperature, and mean weighted skin temperature were analysed by two-way ANOVA for repeated measures (factors: ‘ventilation’ and ‘exercise time’). For post hoc comparisons, the Newman-Keuls test was applied. T-tests were used to evaluate differences between parameters of sweat balance, RPE, and ratings of self-perceived heat burden. Differences with p ≤ 0.05 were considered as significant. Results Test procedure All twelve participants successfully completed the interval cooling condition (inter. cool) after 205 min. In the permanently warm condition (perm. warm), eight participants terminated the tests prematurely for preventive medical reasons or because of subjective exhaustion (Table 2 ). Table 2 Timing and reasons for eight test terminations of the twelve participants in the permanently warm control condition. last test minute (min) reason for test termination 115. subjective exhaustion 125. core temperature of 39°C 125. core temperature of 39°C 136. subjective exhaustion 165. core temperature of 39°C 165. core temperature of 39°C 165. core temperature of 39°C 165. 90% of maximum individual heart rate Heart rates With advanced numbers of work periods, the heart rates in the interval cooling condition were characterised by a significantly lower strain, in contrast to the permanently warm condition (Fig. 1 ). The pronounced recovery of the first rest period in the interval cooling condition occurred during each subsequent rest cycle. The heart rates (M ± SD) at the end of the cooled rest periods varied between 99.6 ± 11.9 b/min (rest 1, 45. min, n = 12) and 105.9 ± 16.5 b/min (rest 5, 205. min, n = 12). In contrast, the heart rates of the warm rest periods exceeded those of the cooled rest periods and showed only minor differences between work and rest. At the end of the warm rest periods, the heart rates of the continuing participants remained elevated compared with those in the previous work periods: e.g., 138.4 ± 15.0 b/min. vs. 158.7 ± 12.3 b/min (rest 4, 165. min vs. work 4, 145. min, n = 8) and 140.2 ± 7.1 b/min vs. 158.3 ± 7.2 b/min (rest 5, 205. min vs. work 5, 185. min, n = 4). The decrease in heart rates of all participants was greater during rest periods in the interval cooling condition, indicating a substantial recovery: e.g., 105.1 ± 17.0 b/min vs. 149.7 ± 15.5 b/min (rest 4, 165. min vs. work 4, 145. min, n = 12) and 105.9 ± 16.5 b/min vs. 150.1 ± 16.9 b/min (rest 5, 205. min vs. work 5, 185. min, n = 12). Metabolic rates The metabolic rates of the participants did not significantly differ (p > 0.05) between the two conditions during the time period 0. – 115. min. (During this period, no participants terminated the tests.) The rates (M ± SD, n = 12) were 315 ± 51 W (perm. warm) and 316 ± 48 W (inter. cool). Thermal parameters In the interval cooling condition, the participants never exceeded a maximum core temperature of 38.0°C. From beginning of the third work period onwards, core temperatures in the permanently warm control condition were significantly higher than in the interval cooling condition. This trend continued even though data from five participants who had to terminate the test reaching a core temperature of 39°C (Table 2 ) could not be analysed. The mean weighted skin temperatures according to Ramanathan [ 34 ], increased continuously in the permanently warm condition (Fig. 3 ). During rest periods, skin temperatures did not recover to the level observed prior to the previous work period. The results in the interval cooling condition differed significantly from those of the control (p ≤ 0.001). Mean skin temperatures also increased steeply during nonventilated work periods but decreased abruptly during rest periods. The maximum skin temperatures during work periods did not increase any further. The minimum skin temperatures (M ± SD, n = 12) reached at the end of the cooled rest periods did not significantly differ (rest 1, 45. min: 33.4 ± 0.8°C; rest 2, 85. min: 33.2 ± 0.7°C; rest 3, 125. min: 33.2 ± 0.7°C; rest 4, 165. min: 33.2 ± 0.8°C; rest 5, 205. min: 33.2 ± 0.7°C; p > 0.05). There was no difference in the total amount of sweat (Table 3 ) between the two conditions (p > 0.05). However, the amount of evaporated sweat significantly differed (p ≤ 0.001). The evaporation rate in the interval cooling condition was 73% compared to 13% in the control condition. Table 3. Sweat balance and amounts of evaporative heat loss with permanently warm (perm. warm) and interval-cooled (inter. cool) thermally insulating protective clothing during the tests. Notes: Values are means ± standard deviations (M ± SD); n = 12. Statistically significant differences (stat. diff.) are marked (***: p ≤ 0.001). All participants drank water during the second rest period in both tests. During the fourth rest period, the remaining eight participants in the permanently warm condition and all participants in the interval cooling condition consumed water. The total amounts of water differed significantly between the two conditions (perm. warm: 647±276 ml vs. 870±187 ml, inter. cool, p ≤ 0.05). Self-perceived exertion and heat burden Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) between 7.3±1.0 and 8.7±2.6 during rest periods in the interval cooling condition documented substantial relief provided by cooling (Table 4). In contrast, RPE of the permanently warm tests varied between 9.5±2.3 and 13.3±4.1 during rest periods in the permanently warm control condition. Table 4. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) with the Borg scale (‘6’ to ‘20’) at the end of each period of the work-rest schedule on a treadmill in a climatic chamber with permanently warm (perm. warm) and interval-cooled (inter. cool) thermally insulating protective clothing. Notes: Values are means ± standard deviations (M ± SD). The number of participants varied von n = 12 to n = 4 due to test terminations in the permanently warm condition (*: p ≤ 0.05; **: p ≤ 0.01; ***: p ≤ 0.001). The low ratings of perceived heat burden ‘slightly cool’ - ‘cool’ during rest periods proved the thermal relief provided by the cooled rests in the interval cooling condition (Table 5). The thermal strain in the permanently warm condition was clearly documented by the opposite indications during the rest periods in the range between ‘slightly warm’ - ‘warm’ - ‘hot’. Table 5. Ratings of perceived heat burden [rating scale: ' very hot' (4) - (-4) 'very cold'] at the end of each period of the work-rest schedule on a treadmill in a climatic chamber with permanently warm (perm. warm) and interval-cooled (inter. cool) thermally insulating protective clothing. Notes: Values are means ± standard deviations (M ± SD). The number of participants varied von n = 12 to n = 4 due to test terminations in the permanently warm condition (***: p ≤ 0.001; ᴓ: Statistical analysis at the time ‘work 5’ was not applicable since the standard error of the difference presented the value ‘0’.). Discussion The interval cooling strategy of insufflating dehumidified air into the microclimate during rest periods has proven to be effective for thermal relief in insulating protective clothing: all twelve participants completed an exposure time of 205 minutes, while only four of them tolerated heat stress in the permanently warm condition. The participants had the same metabolic rates and corresponding identical metabolic heat productions in both conditions. Due to the clothing insulation, heat dissipation was restricted, resulting in heat stress in both variants. However, the core temperatures remained markedly below 38.5°C in the ventilated version. This temperature is considered the exposure limit in a real work situation to avoid exertional heat illnesses [ 39 , 40 ]. There was no evidence of an exacerbated accumulation of body heat or an increase in heat stress to the individual limits of heat tolerance in the interval cooling condition. The effects of increasing body heat storage resulting in uncompensated heat stress were obvious in the permanently warm control condition: the convergence of mean weighted skin temperatures and the core temperatures was an expression of the restricted thermoregulatory capacity to compensate for this heat burden [ 41 ]. As a consequence, five tests had to be terminated because participants met the core temperature limit of 39.0°C as a preventive exposure limit for healthy personnel under medical supervision [ 39 ]. McLellan and Havenith emphasised the restricted heat transfer from the body to the environment, especially by the impairment of sweat evaporation, as the main cause of heat storage in protective clothing [ 33 ]. They highlighted that military protective clothing in particular (for example, in the context of biological and chemical defence) increases the problem of permeability due to a thicker layer of clothing in comparison to civilian equipment. Our results from the interval cooling condition could therefore not only lead to significantly improved military performance, but also for civilian use with comparable clothing. The reduction of heat stress with the interval cooling is also strongly confirmed by heart rates, which are an indicator of physiological strain. During each ventilated rest period, heart rates decreased, and recovery was sufficient to complete the entire test, such that no participant in the interval cooling condition had to terminate the tests prematurely due to increased heart rates. In contrast, heart rates of participants in the permanently warm control condition increased continuously with each additional work period, indicating a substantial increase in exhaustion. Rest periods did not result in any substantial recovery. The decrease in mean weighted skin temperatures during rest periods in our study confirmed the significant heat dissipation in the interval cooling condition without removing the thermally insulating protective clothing. However, minimum skin temperatures in this evaporative interval study did not fall below 33°C, minimizing the occurrence of vasoconstriction, which is usually expected below 32–33°C [ 42 , 43 ]. The selected ventilation parameters (outlet temperature, RH and ventilation rate of the insufflated air) maintaining the vascular regulation that occurs during heat stress with vasodilation and increased blood flow to improve heat dissipation. Otherwise, the effect of sympathetic noradrenergic vasoconstrictor nerves reduces skin blood flow, leading to an extended insulation of the tissue and a reduction in heat loss [ 44 , 45 ]. Hence, during studies of conductive heat a 2-minute intermittent cooling regime has been applied dissipation to avoid excessively low skin temperatures [ 22 ]. Adhering to the 33°C limit in this interval cooling study also confirms that 20 min is suitable as a rest period. Longer cooling periods are not necessary, since heat dissipation is sufficient, and further decreases in skin temperature could cause vasoconstriction. On the other hand, shortening would be insufficient since accumulating body heat storage will probably lead to an increase in core temperature and maximum skin temperature, reducing physical performance and extending the danger of exertional heat illness. To ensure sufficient sweat evaporation during rest periods, physical conditions of ventilation must be adequate. In this study insufflated air was used at intervals (rest periods, 105 min vs. 100 min, work periods) and 73% of the total sweat amount was evaporated. This can be considered as successful because continuous ventilation (600 l/min at 25°C, 130 min exposure time) in the previous study resulted in an evaporation rate of 82%, which was not substantial higher [ 27 ]. The increase in the insufflated air temperature to 30°C during the present study contributed to the successful heat dissipation. Under normal pressure, the water vapor absorption volume at 600 l/min is approximately 842 ml/h at 25°C and 1120 ml/h at 30°C [ 28 ]. This increase enables a sufficient evaporation during the 20-minute rest periods, preventing excessive body heat accumulation. Due to the temperature gradient between the insufflated air (30°C) and the mean weighted skin temperatures (> 33°C), an additional amount of of heat dissipation by convection must be considered. A certain proportion of heat emission through thermal radiation must also be taken into account. Both effects are desirable because they provide additional pathways for heat loss. Overall, evaporative (192 ± 26 W, M ± SD, n = 12), convective and thermal radiant heat loss were sufficient to attain the required thermal relief of a total metabolic rate of 316 ± 48 W (M ± SD, n = 12). Interval cooling also positively affects subjective perceptions of exertion and heat burden. With increasing exposure time, participants in our study reported significantly lower ratings, particularly during cooled rest periods, compared to the permanently warm control condition. Indeed, subjective ratings of perceived heat burden were within the ‘slightly cool’/ ‘cool’ area during the rest periods. From a physiological point of view this is not an indication that the ventilation temperature was too low, because the cooling capacity of the DAC method was moderate, as the critical skin temperature for the onset of vasoconstriction was never undercut (see above). All parameters indicate that the participants were able to compensate for heat burden in the interval cooling condition because evaporative heat loss during rest periods was effective in preventing accumulation of body heat. In addition, to this result, a prolongation of predefined exposure time of 205 min would have been possible without endangering participants’ health. The safety level of the microclimate cooling system DAC in the event of long-term application could be further increased by adding an individualised physiological monitoring system [ 46 – 48 ]. Even with successful application of the interval cooling strategy, a detailed analysis of single parameters during the first work period (heart rate, core and mean weighted skin temperature) suggests further potential for optimisation because the air-diffusing undergarment (DAC-S) extends the thermal isolation as an additional clothing layer. The DAC-S insulation should be less to avoid this drawback at the beginning of work before the advantages of the microclimate cooling occur with increasing metabolic heat production. As sweat production is the essential prerequisite for evaporation, the fluid balance must be adjusted through a sufficient drinking regime. In the present study, the participants showed a dehydration in both test conditions, as measured by the differences between the amounts of sweating and drinking. As a result, the participants’ fluid intake should be increased and adjusted to the sweat loss of 1350 ± 347 ml during an exposure time of 205 min in the interval cooling condition of this study. A limitation of our study is that only male test subjects were included. Further studies of female participants would be necessary to determine any gender differences. Conclusions Evaporative heat loss is the most effective way of heat dissipation even with thermally insulated protective clothing, which is further enhanced by DAC microclimate cooling to prevent body heat accumulation and diminish the risk of life-threatening exertional heat illnesses. This study demonstrated the applicability of this microclimate cooling method with an interval strategy for tasks requiring freedom of movement, such as industrial work or military operations. Wearers of thermally insulating protective clothing can work with full mobility and without a restricting hose for cooling purposes. In a real work situation, the effectiveness of personnel exposed to heat stress in protective clothing can be improved by an alternating work-rest schedule at a ratio of 1:1. During cooling breaks, work can be performed by personnel who have previously used the microclimate cooling facility. Thus, interval cooling reduces the time-consuming and labour-intensive dressing and undressing of protective clothing. As the tolerance time for overall heat exposure can be substantially extended, the required number of personnel can be reduced. In particular, the preventive medical aspect, namely the avoidance of heat illness, is taken into account. Abbreviations All uncommon abbreviations are introduced when mentioned in the manuscript. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The volunteers gave their informed written consent to participate in this study. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Association of the Federal State Rhineland-Palatinate [reference number 837.526.13 (9211), 15.04.2014]. Prior to testing, each person was medically examined (including resting and exercise ECG) and familiarised with the test procedures. A further medical interview or, if deemed necessary by the physician overseeing medical safety (medical supervisor), a medical check-up was conducted before test repetition. Consent for publication “Not applicable”, while this manuscript does not contain data from any individual person. Availability of data and materials The study data were collected in compliance with the data protection rules of the German General Data Protection Regulation (DSGVO). Thus, the use and processing of these data in the context of preparation of this publication follows legal provisions of the EU, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the special provisions of the German Armed Forces. As a consequence, the datasets cannot be shared openly. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Funding The study was conducted at the Bundeswehr Institute of Preventive Medicine, a departmental research institution of the Federal Ministry of Defence of the Federal Republic of Germany. The study was financed from the budget of this Ministry. Authors' contributions of the final version Literature research: KJG, MAH Methodology: KJG, SF, US, UR, AW Experimental part: SF, US, UR, KJG Formal analysis: KJG, SF, US, AW Writing or revision: KJG, UR, AW, MAH Editing: KJG, SF, US, UR, AW, MAH Supervision: MAH Authors of the final version (KJG, SF, US, UR, AW, MAH) read and approved the final manuscript. The late Prof. Dr. Claus Piekarski had agreed to an earlier version. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the former director of the Bundeswehr Institute of Preventive Medicine, Prof. Dr. Dr. Dieter Leyk, for his support of the study and his part in the preparation of the manuscript. It is acknowledged that he has waived co-authorship of this final version. The authors extend their sincere thanks to Edward D. Michaelson MD FACP FCCP FAASM (Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA) for language revision and to Michael Demuss and Matthias Krapick (both: Bundeswehr Institute of Preventive Medicine) for their professional collaboration and excellent data management in the development of this article. Dedication The authors dedicate this article to the memory of the late Prof. Dr. Claus Piekarski with deep solidarity and gratitude. With his experience and his advice, he had a long-term influence on our thermal physiological research and on this study. References Dorman LE, Havenith G. 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Cadarette BS, Cheuvront SN, Kolka MA, Stephenson LA, Montain SJ, Sawka MN. Intermittent microclimate cooling during exercise-heat stress in US army chemical protective clothing. Ergonomics. 2006;49:209–19. 10.1080/00140130500436106 . Adams JD, McDermott BP, Ridings CB, Mainer LL, Ganio MS, Kavouras SA. Effect of air-filled vest on exercise-heat strain when wearing ballistic protection. Ann Occup Hyg. 2014;58:1057–64. 10.1093/annhyg/meu044 . Hadid A, Yanovich R, Erlich T, Khomenok G, Moran DS. Effect of a personal ambient ventilation system on physiological strain during heat stress wearing a ballistic vest. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008;104:311–9. 10.1007/s00421-008-0716-8 . Chan APC, Yang Y, Wong FKW, Yam MCH, Wong DP, Song W-F. Reduction of Physiological Strain Under a Hot and Humid Environment by a Hybrid Cooling Vest. J Strength Cond Res. 2019;33:1429–36. 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001837 . Song W, Wang F. The hybrid personal cooling system (PCS) could effectively reduce the heat strain while exercising in a hot and moderate humid environment. Ergonomics. 2016;59:1009–18. 10.1080/00140139.2015.1105305 . Glitz KJ, Seibel U, Rohde U, Gorges W, Witzki A, Piekarski C, Leyk D. Reducing heat stress under thermal insulation in protective clothing: microclimate cooling by a 'physiological' method. Ergonomics. 2015;58:1461–9. 10.1080/00140139.2015.1013574 . Recknagel H, Sprenger E, Albers K-J. Taschenbuch für Heizung und Klimatechnik 2023/24. [Handbook for heating and airconditioning technology 2023/24]. München, Oldenburg: ITM Inno Tech Medien; 2022. Coull NA, West AM, Hodder SG, Wheeler P, Havenith G. Body mapping of regional sweat distribution in young and older males. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021;121:109–25. 10.1007/s00421-020-04503-5 . Smith CJ, Havenith G. Upper body sweat mapping provides evidence of relative sweat redistribution towards the periphery following hot-dry heat acclimation. Temp (Austin). 2019;6:50–65. 10.1080/23328940.2019.1570777 . Werner J, Buse M. Temperature profiles with respect to inhomogeneity and geometry of the human body. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1988;65:1110–8. 10.1152/jappl.1988.65.3.1110 . Werner J, Reents T. A contribution to the topography of temperature regulation in man. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1980;45:87–94. 10.1007/BF00421205 . McLellan TM, Havenith G. Protective clothing ensembles and physical employment standards. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41:S121–30. 10.1139/apnm-2015-0474 . Ramanathan NL. A new weighting system for mean surface temperature of the human body. J Appl Physiol. 1964;19:531–3. 10.1152/jappl.1964.19.3.531 . Mitchell JW, Nadel ER, Stolwijk JA. Respiratory weight losses during exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1972;32:474–6. 10.1152/jappl.1972.32.4.474 . Löllgen H. Das Anstrengungsempfinden (RPE, Borg-Skala). Standards der Sportmedizin. [Borg’s perceived exertion scales]. Dtsch Z für Sportmedizin. 2004;55:299–300. Borg G. Borg's Perceived exertion and pain scales. Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics; 1998. ISO 10551:2019. Ergonomics of the physical environment - Subjective judgement scales for assessing physical environments;13.180. Glitz KJ, Bux K, Catrein B, Dietl P, Engelmann B, et al. S2k-Leitlinie Arbeiten unter klimatischen Belastungen [Work under climatic stress. München: Guideline]; 2022. EN ISO 9886. 2004. Ergonomics - Evaluation of thermal strain by physiological measurements 2004;13.180. Pandolf KB, Goldman RF. Convergence of skin and rectal temperatures as a criterion for heat tolerance. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1978;49:1095–101. Cheuvront SN, Kolka MA, Cadarette BS, Montain SJ, Sawka MN. Efficacy of intermittent, regional microclimate cooling. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003;94:1841–8. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00912.2002 . Veicsteinas A, Ferretti G, Rennie DW. Superficial shell insulation in resting and exercising men in cold water. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1982;52:1557–64. 10.1152/jappl.1982.52.6.1557 . Cheng JL, MacDonald MJ. Effect of heat stress on vascular outcomes in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2019;126:771–81. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00682.2018 . Alba BK, Castellani JW, Charkoudian N. Cold-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction in humans: Function, dysfunction and the distinctly counterproductive. Exp Physiol. 2019;104:1202–14. 10.1113/EP087718 . Sunny JS, Patro CPK, Karnani K, Pingle SC, Lin F, Anekoji M, et al. Sens (Basel). 2022. 10.3390/s22030756 . Anomaly Detection Framework for Wearables Data: A Perspective Review on Data Concepts, Data Analysis Algorithms and Prospects. Fujiwara K, Ota K, Saeda S, Yamakawa T, Kubo T, Yamamoto A, et al. Heat illness detection with heart rate variability analysis and anomaly detection algorithm. Biomed Signal Process Control. 2024;87:105520. 10.1016/j.bspc.2023.105520 . Buller MJ, Tharion WJ, Duhamel CM, Yokota M. Real-time core body temperature estimation from heart rate for first responders wearing different levels of personal protective equipment. Ergonomics. 2015;58:1830–41. 10.1080/00140139.2015.1036792 . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 28 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 25 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 20 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 26 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 25 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 24 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6295166","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":440765979,"identity":"1a9dca99-3d10-41ab-a7d2-8a064c92dfad","order_by":0,"name":"Karl Jochen Glitz","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Bundeswehr Institute of Preventive Medicine","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Karl","middleName":"Jochen","lastName":"Glitz","suffix":""},{"id":440765980,"identity":"11b1d81c-08b9-48b1-b7ea-6f482552a23b","order_by":1,"name":"Stefan Freitag","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bundeswehr Institute of Preventive Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Stefan","middleName":"","lastName":"Freitag","suffix":""},{"id":440765982,"identity":"70c9f061-6765-4e34-ba03-672d26971e13","order_by":2,"name":"Uwe Seibel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bundeswehr Institute of Preventive Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Uwe","middleName":"","lastName":"Seibel","suffix":""},{"id":440765984,"identity":"ad8fca20-797a-45cf-8fce-0504f33baf3c","order_by":3,"name":"Ulrich Rohde","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bundeswehr Institute of Preventive Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ulrich","middleName":"","lastName":"Rohde","suffix":""},{"id":440765986,"identity":"a9fe3f07-0fc5-47b9-acb5-b2a770f6d1d8","order_by":4,"name":"Alexander Witzki","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bundeswehr Institute of Preventive Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alexander","middleName":"","lastName":"Witzki","suffix":""},{"id":440765987,"identity":"4f15cbd5-061c-4383-ab8e-1cefee8b825b","order_by":5,"name":"Claus Piekarski","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Claus","middleName":"","lastName":"Piekarski","suffix":""},{"id":440765990,"identity":"589d5b9d-8693-4a8d-93ec-f5e26bfb1816","order_by":6,"name":"Manuela Andrea Hoffmann","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bundeswehr Institute of Preventive Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Manuela","middleName":"Andrea","lastName":"Hoffmann","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-24 12:08:21","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6295166/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6295166/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-025-00473-6","type":"published","date":"2025-10-13T15:57:53+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":80582600,"identity":"2148a74a-3931-4911-8723-13d21282707d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-14 23:34:56","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":268786,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTime courses of heart rates (HR) during the work-rest schedule on a treadmill in a climatic chamber with permanently warm (perm. warm) and interval-cooled (inter. cool) thermally insulating protective clothing. The values are means ± standard errors (M ± SE); n = 12. Due to test terminations the number of participants at the end of the permanently warm condition was reduced to n = 4. The illustration includes the results of the statistical analyses (*: p ≤ 0.05; **: p ≤ 0.01) for time period 1. – 25. min (n = 12) and for the following time periods until the respective test terminations 26. – 115. min (n = 12), 26. - 125. min (n = 11) etc.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6295166/v1/16e1cc075488d026a653e531.png"},{"id":80582249,"identity":"93b35393-437a-454f-bce8-bd5cf79d1e62","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-14 23:26:56","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":233050,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTime courses of core temperatures during the work-rest schedule on a treadmill in a climatic chamber with permanently warm (perm. warm) and interval-cooled (inter. cool) thermally insulating protective clothing. The values are means ± standard errors (M ± SE); n = 12. Due to test terminations the number of participants at the end of the permanently warm condition was reduced to n = 4. The illustration includes the results of the statistical analyses (*: p ≤ 0.05; **: p ≤ 0.01) for time period 1. – 85. min (n = 12) and for the following time periods until the respective test terminations 86. – 115. min (n = 12), 86. - 125. min (n = 11) etc.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6295166/v1/f60c30e436214c0870b01a90.png"},{"id":80582243,"identity":"e3f3f2a0-53c6-45a0-b4fb-a6adc51c9a06","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-14 23:26:56","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":259414,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTime courses of mean weighted skin temperatures according to Ramanathan during the work-rest schedule on a treadmill in a climatic chamber with permanently warm (perm. warm) and interval-cooled (inter. cool) thermally insulating protective clothing. The values are means ± standard errors (M ± SE); n = 12. Due to test terminations the number of participants at the end of the permanently warm condition was reduced to n = 4. The illustration includes the results of the statistical analyses (***: p ≤ 0.001) for time period 1. – 25. min (n = 12) and for the following time periods until the respective test terminations 26. – 115. min (n = 12), 26. - 125. min (n = 11) etc.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6295166/v1/dd37e584791c1c8fa384f955.png"},{"id":93956161,"identity":"0fef709c-23ad-44c9-9e96-b749aabf7b51","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 16:11:19","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1458941,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6295166/v1/b5dfeae4-c5ba-45c5-b330-36b7611d2045.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Evaporative microclimate interval cooling impressively reduces heat stress in thermal insulating protective clothing","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eIndustrial workers, fire fighters, and military personnel often have to wear protective clothing (e.g., CBRN) while performing physical demanding tasks. The combination of physical work, weight, stiffness, and movement restrictions of the equipment results in a massive increase of the metabolic rate and, consequently, heat production [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. At the same time, thermal insulation of this clothing limits heat dissipation, particularly by minimizing sweat evaporation. The resulting heat stress increases the rate of body heat storage, reduces physical performance, and can lead to exertional heat illness [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR4 CR5\" citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. This risk also affects people working for public health services, e.g. in the treatment of patients with severe viral infectious diseases (e.g., Ebola, Corona; [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExertional heat illnesses are an occupational health and safety risk for many occupations. Even in its least severe form it can be associated with heat cramps, often accompanied by increased sweating, fatigue and increased thirst [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Heat exhaustion is a more serious form which can result from prolonged exposure to heat coupled with physical exertion and/ or unfavourable working conditions, e.g. insulating protective suits and the symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, bradycardia, tachycardia, headache and low blood pressure [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. If the precipitating conditions continue, exertional heat stroke (EHS) can develop unpredictably. EHS is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical treatment. EHS manifests itself as multi-organ failure due to generalized tissue damage and is associated with high mortality if left untreated. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork-time limitations are a common occupational prevention measure to reduce the risk of heat related illnesses. Occupational safety in heat stress prone work may require a reduction in, work time, in some situations, to less than 30 minutes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVarious microclimate cooling devices have been designed to reduce heat stress [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. In certain conditions (e.g., short term work) these cooling devices can provide a temporary mitigation heat illness risk [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. However, all such devices have some degree of physiological, physical and/or technical limitations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne approach is to dissipate body heat by conduction. This can be achieved by using ice packs or other phase change materials (PCMs) [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR16\" citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e] in cooling vests, or by, circulating precooled liquids [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. The major drawback of this method is vasoconstriction which impedes blood flow to the skin and thereby heat dissipation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. Intermittent cooling regimes at 2-minute intervals or control systems regulating the temperature of the circulating liquids have been considered to impede the reduction of cutaneous perfusion [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe most promising approach for microclimate cooling from a physiological and sustainable point of view is to enhance sweat evaporation. It is the most effective physiological mechanism for maintaining effective heat balance in the heat. Passive techniques (i.e. design of clothing) employing sweat evaporation promote genuine convection [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. Equipment, which actively supplies protective clothing with ambient air through fans, is also available [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. However, evaporation requires a sufficient humidity gradient between the microclimate within the clothing and the ambient climate.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurthermore, hybrid systems combining two technologies, e.g., combining ventilation fans and PCM, have been developed to compensate for the drawbacks of each approach [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn optimized solution for sweat evaporation and, thus, for physiological body cooling has already been reported [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. This method, Dry Air Comfort (DAC), avoids the disadvantage of ambient air. With this technique, the microclimate of thermally insulating protective clothing is supplied with a flow of dehumidified and tempered air provided by a compressor. This approach has proven to be very effective in enhancing sweat evaporation and, to a minor extent, convective heat loss. This results in lower heart rates as well as core and skin temperatures. Thus, previously limited work-time schedules can be significantly extended. Its use is confined to stationary workplaces as a flexible hose connecting the device to the person is required.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor mobile use, an interval cooling strategy with DAC could be the solution enabling work unhindered by a hose and would take cooling breaks at predetermined times. For cooling, personnel would be connected to a stationary compressor during rest periods with no need to remove their protective clothing.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aim of the current study was to test the applicability and the effectiveness of this strategy within a work-rest schedule adapted to a real work situation. The assumption was that evaporative heat loss during rest periods prevents the accumulation of body heat and, consequently, exertional heat illness.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIf effective, the evaporation method could not only improve occupational health and safety for working tasks in thermally insulating protective clothing that require freedom of movement, it also would allow longer work times.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn the present study a within-subject-repeated-measure design was used to test effects of an interval microclimate cooling strategy. Measurements and calculations were generally the same as those applied in a previous study in which the method \u0026ldquo;Dry Air Comfort\u0026rdquo; (DAC) was introduced [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eParticipants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e Twelve healthy male participants who gave their informed written consent were included in this study. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Association of the Federal State Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany [reference number 837.526.13 (9211), 15.04.2014].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll study participants were informed about the procedure in detail and underwent a medical examination, including resting and exercise ECG before the first test was carried out.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA further medical interview or, if deemed necessary by the physician overseeing medical safety (medical supervisor), a medical check-up was conducted before the follow-up test. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e describes the biometric characteristics of the study participants.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiometric characteristics of the twelve participants.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge (years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody mass (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody height (cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e178.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBMI (kg/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003eNote: Values are means\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviations (M\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEvaporative microclimate cooling (Dry Air Comfort - DAC)\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of the Dry Air Comfort (DAC) process, dehumidified air was generated using a stationary compressor. This air was directed through a hose to an air-diffusing undergarment (Dry Air Comfort-Suit, DAC-S).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith an outlet temperature of 30\u0026deg;C and a relative humidity (RH) of \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;3%, the ventilation rate was 600 l/min. At 30\u0026deg;C and normal pressure, the maximum water vapor absorption rate is approximately 1120 ml/h [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDAC-S was an improved version of the previously described suit [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e] which was worn between underwear and an impermeable protective clothing. It was designed as a jumpsuit made of a three-dimensional space knitted fabric (M\u0026uuml;llertextil\u0026trade;, No. 5952, thickness 10 mm) with a lining on the outside. A stellate hose system for air distribution was implemented in the suit. This system provides dry air ventilation for selected body areas such as the chest, back, upper arms, forearms, thighs, and calves, with high perspiration or high evaporation heat dissipation [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR30 CR31\" citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eClimate chamber, protocol and study design\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe climate conditions of the study were 25\u0026deg;C (air temperature\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;radiation temperature), 50% RH and 0.2 m/s wind speed, implemented in a climatic chamber (Weiss Technik\u0026trade; Typ 26\u0026rsquo; US/15\u0026hellip;+40JU, Weiss Umwelttechnik GmbH, Germany).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe protocol started with a 5-minute initial rest period (start). This was followed by a sequence of five work and rest periods of 20 min each. During rest, the participants stood in an upright position. The total test time was 205 min.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork was performed on a treadmill (h/p cosmos\u0026trade; pulsar 3P 4.0, h/p cosmos\u0026trade; sports \u0026amp; medical GmbH, Germany) with a speed of 3 km/h at a 5% incline. While walking the participants simulated typical decontamination activities, that were identified in an on-site analysis. These tasks included carrying (period: 4:20 min) a jerrycan (weight: 10 kg), simulating decontamination tasks (period: 4:10 min) by repositioning metal cylinders/cuboids (weights: 190 g, 590 g, 670 g), and handling (period: 5:00 min) a decontamination lance model (weight: 1.5 kg).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe workload and duration of working periods were based on a conservative assessment of the tolerance time and were assessed by means of an on-site task-analysis in a real work situation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. The durations of the rest and work periods were adjusted to achieve alternating work and rest sessions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTests were conducted at the same time of day and at least one week apart. Each participant performed the test runs using the same protocol under two conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl condition: \u0026lsquo;perm. warm'\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003epermanently warm, i.e., no cooling provided during the whole test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eprotective clothing (without DAC-S)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eTest condition: \u0026rsquo;inter. cool\u0026rsquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003einterval cooling, i.e., cooling during the \u0026lsquo;start\u0026rsquo; and \u0026lsquo;rest\u0026rsquo; periods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eprotective clothing (incl. DAC-S)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe order of the two test conditions was balanced across participants and randomly assigned (randomised controlled trial, RCT).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFull clothing and protective equipment\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants wore tight-fitting, commercially available, long functional underwear (Odlo Evolution light) under a thermally insulating and water vapour impermeable chemical protective overall made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (Isotemp\u0026trade; Acid Stop 4007/P). The suit had a large hood. To counteract convection during the test, the openings for the legs and arms were form-fitted closed. For leakage of the insufflated air after passing through the undergarment, valves were installed in the hood of the ventilated overalls.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe subjects' equipment included boots, acid protection gloves, and a full-face mask with a turbine of the ergospirometry system (instead of the filter). The weight of the full clothing, protective equipment and the measuring equipment was 7.9 kg. The additional DAC-S used only in the interval cooling condition increased the total load to 11.2 kg.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMeasurements and calculations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Polar\u0026trade; monitoring system (H7, S810i, Polar Protrainer 5, V 5.41.002; Polar Electro Oy, Finland) was used to record heart rates. The data were averaged in 60 s intervals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA mobile ergospirometry system (CORTEX MetaMax\u0026trade; 3 BR2, CORTEX Biophysik GmbH, Germany) was used to record spiroergometric data (VO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, VCO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) breath-by-breath. The measurements were averaged over 60 s intervals. The metabolic rates were calculated via indirect calorimetry.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCore temperatures were quantified with a CorTemp\u0026trade; wireless core body temperature monitoring system (sensor HT150002, recorder 150016; HQ, Inc., USA). The participants swallowed this \u0026lsquo;thermal pill\u0026rsquo; at least 3 hours before test start. Data were recorded three times per minute and averaged over 60 s intervals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe skin temperatures at four skin sites (chest, upper arm, thigh, lower leg) were measured with YSI\u0026trade; 400 compatible sensors (thermistors) and recorded twelve times per minute with a data logger (Ahlborn\u0026trade; 2590, Ahlborn Mess- und Regeltechnik GmbH, Germany). From these measurements mean weighted skin temperatures (0.3 T\u003csub\u003echest\u003c/sub\u003e + 0.3 T\u003csub\u003eupper arm\u003c/sub\u003e + 0.2 T \u003csub\u003ethigh\u003c/sub\u003e + 0.2 T \u003csub\u003elower leg\u003c/sub\u003e) were calculated according to Ramanathan [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e] and averaged over 60 s intervals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater consumption before the test was encouraged to ensure adequate hydration. A maximum of 500 ml of water was offered during both second and fourth rest periods in both conditions. The water temperature was 38\u0026deg;C to ensure that the measurement conditions of the thermal pill was not altered. Participants were free to drink as much of the 500 ml as they desired. Amount of water consumed was recorded for calculation of sweat balance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEach participant was weighed before and after testing without clothes on a personal scale (Soehnle\u0026trade; professional 2790, Soehnle-Waagen GmbH, Germany) to assess sweat balance. Weights of the protective clothing and the DAC-S were collected simultaneously using a hanging scale (Kern\u0026trade; HDB5K5, Kern \u0026amp; Sohn GmbH, Germany), while weights of lighter clothing articles were ascertained with a precision scale (Sauter\u0026trade; S 4000/ T1, August Sauter KG, Germany).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe weight changes, corrected for respiratory water loss and weight differences between exhaled CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e and O\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e intake [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e], were used for the calculation of total sweat loss, sweat accumulated in clothing, and sweat evaporation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe percentage of sweat evaporation relative to sweat loss was set as evaporation rate. A heat flux of 2400 kJ/kg sweat was predefined to calculate the evaporative heat loss.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipants reported ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) using the Borg scale (\u0026lsquo;6\u0026rsquo; to \u0026lsquo;20\u0026rsquo;) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e] at the end of the work and rest periods. At the same time, self-perceived heat burden was assessed with a standardised rating scale [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e]: \u0026lsquo;very hot\u0026rsquo; (4), \u0026lsquo;hot\u0026rsquo; (3), \u0026lsquo;warm\u0026rsquo; (2), \u0026lsquo;slightly warm\u0026rsquo; (1), \u0026lsquo;neutral\u0026rsquo; (0), \u0026lsquo;slightly cool\u0026rsquo; (-1), \u0026lsquo;cool\u0026rsquo; (-2), \u0026lsquo;cold\u0026rsquo; (-3), \u0026lsquo;very cold\u0026rsquo; (-4).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTest termination\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTests were terminated by the medical supervisor if any of the following medical termination criteria were met for the physiological parameters monitored online:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e90% of the maximum individual heart rate on the initial exercise ECG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003ecore temperature of 39\u0026deg;C [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipants were free to terminate the test at any time (e.g. in case of subjective exhaustion).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrematurely ended tests can be recognised as a reduced number of participants in the figures and tables of results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor the statistical analyses SPSS\u0026trade; 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and STATISTICA\u0026trade; 12.0 (StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA) were used. The time courses of heart rate, spiroergometric data, core temperature, and mean weighted skin temperature were analysed by two-way ANOVA for repeated measures (factors: \u0026lsquo;ventilation\u0026rsquo; and \u0026lsquo;exercise time\u0026rsquo;). For post hoc comparisons, the Newman-Keuls test was applied. T-tests were used to evaluate differences between parameters of sweat balance, RPE, and ratings of self-perceived heat burden. Differences with p\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.05 were considered as significant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTest procedure\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll twelve participants successfully completed the interval cooling condition (inter. cool) after 205 min. In the permanently warm condition (perm. warm), eight participants terminated the tests prematurely for preventive medical reasons or because of subjective exhaustion (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTiming and reasons for eight test terminations of the twelve participants in the permanently warm control condition.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003elast test minute (min)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ereason for test termination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e115.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esubjective exhaustion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e125.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecore temperature of 39\u0026deg;C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e125.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecore temperature of 39\u0026deg;C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e136.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esubjective exhaustion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecore temperature of 39\u0026deg;C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecore temperature of 39\u0026deg;C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecore temperature of 39\u0026deg;C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90% of maximum individual heart rate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eHeart rates\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith advanced numbers of work periods, the heart rates in the interval cooling condition were characterised by a significantly lower strain, in contrast to the permanently warm condition (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe pronounced recovery of the first rest period in the interval cooling condition occurred during each subsequent rest cycle. The heart rates (M\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD) at the end of the cooled rest periods varied between 99.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.9 b/min (rest 1, 45. min, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12) and 105.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.5 b/min (rest 5, 205. min, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn contrast, the heart rates of the warm rest periods exceeded those of the cooled rest periods and showed only minor differences between work and rest. At the end of the warm rest periods, the heart rates of the continuing participants remained elevated compared with those in the previous work periods: e.g., 138.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.0 b/min. vs. 158.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.3 b/min (rest 4, 165. min vs. work 4, 145. min, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8) and 140.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.1 b/min vs. 158.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.2 b/min (rest 5, 205. min vs. work 5, 185. min, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe decrease in heart rates of all participants was greater during rest periods in the interval cooling condition, indicating a substantial recovery: e.g., 105.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.0 b/min vs. 149.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.5 b/min (rest 4, 165. min vs. work 4, 145. min, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12) and 105.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.5 b/min vs. 150.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.9 b/min (rest 5, 205. min vs. work 5, 185. min, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMetabolic rates\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe metabolic rates of the participants did not significantly differ (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) between the two conditions during the time period 0. \u0026ndash; 115. min. (During this period, no participants terminated the tests.) The rates (M\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12) were 315\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;51 W (perm. warm) and 316\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;48 W (inter. cool).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eThermal parameters\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the interval cooling condition, the participants never exceeded a maximum core temperature of 38.0\u0026deg;C. From beginning of the third work period onwards, core temperatures in the permanently warm control condition were significantly higher than in the interval cooling condition. This trend continued even though data from five participants who had to terminate the test reaching a core temperature of 39\u0026deg;C (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) could not be analysed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mean weighted skin temperatures according to Ramanathan [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e], increased continuously in the permanently warm condition (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). During rest periods, skin temperatures did not recover to the level observed prior to the previous work period.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results in the interval cooling condition differed significantly from those of the control (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Mean skin temperatures also increased steeply during nonventilated work periods but decreased abruptly during rest periods. The maximum skin temperatures during work periods did not increase any further. The minimum skin temperatures (M\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12) reached at the end of the cooled rest periods did not significantly differ (rest 1, 45. min: 33.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u0026deg;C; rest 2, 85. min: 33.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u0026deg;C; rest 3, 125. min: 33.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u0026deg;C; rest 4, 165. min: 33.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u0026deg;C; rest 5, 205. min: 33.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u0026deg;C; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere was no difference in the total amount of sweat (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) between the two conditions (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). However, the amount of evaporated sweat significantly differed (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The evaporation rate in the interval cooling condition was 73% compared to 13% in the control condition.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable 3. Sweat balance and amounts of evaporative heat loss with permanently warm (perm. warm) and interval-cooled (inter. cool) thermally insulating protective clothing during the tests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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QG5uLqqrq7FlyxYUFBTg5s2bXtctkUa1pPPa2bNnA57L//SnP0Gj0fBj6ezZs/w7VLmtGzdu8OXq6ur4ctK/AwcOwOFwIC8vDx999BHf7/b2dtk23Ymdo2W+trNr1y4MGzYMgiAgIiKC71+w+YMdBWBDWEtLC1566SVcuHABjDHMmzcPmzdvhngHjJiInUFWdHQ0v0MWHR2NBQsWAAAOHjyI9PR0FBcXY9u2bcjNzcXevXt5WYPBgA0bNsBmsylX3e8qKiqwbt06zJgxA2PGjMGpU6eAzosT6XNIF4x79uwJmBeMlpYWNDU1gTGGyspKvPfee6ioqIDL5YLJZMKZM2e6FdzbbDbk5eXh3Xff5XWfn5+PjRs3wuFw4MCBA8jIyEBxcTHKysrw17/+FQsXLkRWVhYvn52djYULF/ILcIPBgJ/97GdgjOHChQsoKytTbtYr6Xj505/+BNY5irplyxavgZW03++88w6cTicEQcCbb76pLMaDLK1Wy0cSRo8ejYULF4IxJvt85eXlEAQBZWVlQe1DS0sLXn75Za9lbTYbpk+fjieffBIulwvV1dV47bXXwPrwyysvLw+fffYZP4ZsNhs+/fRTTJs2DUuWLME777zD60Rqc6ms8rOtX78eM2bMgMVikdWpdBd8zJgxvA+0tLTg9OnTaG1txfXr16HRaHxuT+pj6enp2L59O15//XUsWrQIc+bM4eueN28eFi1axPtXfn4+1q5dC5fLhQsXLuC9997r03odKJYtW4bLly+jpqYGjY2NGDlyJF577TWEhITw9pNufqxfvx4zZ85EfX09Fi1aBI1Gg/b2djDG8MADD2DRokVwOByoqqrCG2+8wadVlZWVYenSpV5v3PjS0tKCTz75BDdu3MD169eh1+uxaNEizJ49m28zJycHixcvlgVhKpUK+/fvR0ZGBrZv347y8nKEhobK1v3tt9+iqakJbW1tMBqN+M1vfoOKigp8//33MJvNOH/+PJ+JIYoiFi9ejMzMTNl2c3NzKQjrRbm5ufjDH/4Aq9UKxhjsdjs+++wz/PSnP8WyZcuwZ88efmyvXLkSRUVFsFgsYIyhpaUF27Ztw/nz5+FyufDUU08hLS2NB/e5ubm4//778be//Q2MMeh0OuTl5eHmzZu8312/fh3Xr1/HmDFjsHTpUtn2Vq1ahaKiIty8eRP79u1DZmYmXn31Vbz++utYunQp0tPT8f3334Mxhn/4h3/AkiVLeIBXUFCA1atXo62tDX/5y1/w/vvvBwzAysvLce7cObhcLjz66KN4/vnnYbFYkJub67Gtxx57DDdu3IDNZsPSpUvxxhtvyPZ7y5YtuHnzJioqKjB79my8+uqr2Lt3r88f8BZFEXl5ebjvvvtk9bVkyRLcuHEDR44cwRtvvIGLFy/C5XLhvffew4oVK3jA6yvf25TLwYoCsCGutLQUGo0G6Lwgam5u9noxN9Q0NjbC4XBg27ZtPG3btm1obm5GTU2NrKxGo8HFixdl0xbz8vJkZQYKs9mMM2fOIC0tDSqVCtnZ2di9ezdsNhu/E5+SkgKVSoUTJ06gsLAQAPzmBUuqk5SUFMTGxvK/o6Ki0NHR0a3nQjQaDZqammR1n5ubKyvjThr9W7ZsGU9bu3YtBEHA6dOnPfI1Gg127doFIchpKbt27eLT53Jzc3H58mWvx4uyPqurq73Wp9QPX375Zb4PL7/8Mr9w9SbYfYCfsrW1tdDpdLxukpKS8OyzzwZdD8H6h3/4B4/nMaSRPGmqpDSCII3OzZs3D01NTZg/fz7fn7y8PI9927VrFz93Se1pMpl81ulXX33F6zQrKwsqlQro7AONjY0BtwcAp0+f5v1Hyl+zZg3Q2fdqampw6dIlnt/V/jXY+Gpfl8vFP/v+/fuxa9cu/OM//iPUajVfdufOnbxvSvX1u9/9Dq2trXjppZcQEvJ/lx8vvfQSbzvlhdW8efPQ2NjY5SmP7u0vtenSpUv5Np944gkIguB1m4Hk5uZCEAQkJycjNjaW/z1q1Ci0t7fzYPH06dO4dOmSx3ZDQkJw+vTpLm+X/P8WLlzIR1WkfytWrEBHRweSk5MhCAIPhKX/zp07F/X19Xj00Ud5e+Tm5vL/l+zYsQPR0dEQBIG3nclkQkNDA1pbW/HLX/6SB+a//OUvceXKFZw+fRoulwtz5szhx0BUVJTH9hYvXuyxPbj1lccee4znP/7447yvSN9rUn5UVBR27NjhM/iRlJSUYPTo0RAEAYsXL8aVK1dQVVXldVuhoaH45JNPMGrUKHz55ZdYsGBBwP32p6mpCa2trfjXf/1XWX1dvXqV15c7qX0eeOABr+dTKX/s2LFe8wejrtUoIYOExWJBeHi47IJArVZDp9Ohvr5eVlZi65yKJwgC5s+fr8weEE6dOoUxY8YgISEBALB8+XKg8yK3vr4eOp1O9pkl/vKCERERIbsIUv59u9yny/mr+/r6ely6dIl/QQqCALVajRMnTuDLL79EfX09YmJiZJ8zOjoaERERsvXcroaGBo/teOOvHzY0NPTaRVhDQwO0Wi2/CAWAxMREWZme4O0ZIWkkT6PRYNq0adi3bx/QOXL7yCOP8KDKvc1zcnJkdSH1L+mL1v3Y9VWnMTExvE71ej3Pk7hPHVRuTyL1L+mixb1/1dfXez2OtFptj/evgcJX+0oXYzNnzuQBx7x583h7Kc8PUvsdP34carXao+2k42HmzJnQ6XT8WR73qYZdodfr+b40NDTIng+S2rS6uhr19fVdWv/IkSODPg/62u5HH33U5e0SOW/PgL333nsIDQ1FVFQUHnnkEezfvx+MMezbtw9///d/D61WC0EQZC/ymDdvnmwKnfK8o1KpeN90P+8o8xsbG8EYQ2JiIs+T+NueROorY8eORUjnDQ+1Wo3jx4/z887YsWMRHh7O1y+dd5TbC0Q6xym3dezYMXz55Ze8X7pPeZw3bx7a2tqUq/LLarXyY91bfU2fPh2xsbHQ6XQICQnBgQMHZEHZjBkz/OYPBRSAkTueFHhptVqsW7cOrHOa3UAjdr584+TJk/ykptVqcenSpUH7Mg7pIlyr1fJpg4HqPi0tDQ6HQ/blyxhDUVGRsijpZ9I0RLPZjE8//RS5ubmw2+28zaUpkkajscsXEsGSAi+tVsunDvrbnvR8kLf+5WuZO5XT6URzczM+/fRTPn30dqhUKnz00UdwuVwoKCjAggULcN999932mwjT0tLQ2trq0aabN2/u8p39rpCe4+nr7d7ppGmIJpMJn332GRYtWoSvv/4aer0eWq0Wq1evRnt7O6qqqgKOInWXFHhJ22tra/O7Pen5KGVf2bJli8dU2Ns1a9Ysr9t65pln8M0332DcuHHQarVYuXIl3+9hw4YpV3NbVCoVjh49io6ODqxatYpPV5Se8wqUPxTQGYAMSdHR0XA4HLKpW9LFgvLuuDRdy+l0ep1GNlBI0xCkue3Sv8rKStTV1SEkJMTnFFO9Xu8zrz/V1tYiJiYGDocjqLrX6/V+p+R5y7dYLGhpaZGVu12JiYke2/HGXz/0dre0pyQmJsJqtcqC8oaGBlmZviBNQzQajYiIiEBKSgo/3hwOh8+gpqWlhT+XAcWx66tOL1++7LVOTSYT72O+tieRjhP3Z4PceTuOrFZrj/evweK3v/0tnnzySaxbtw7vv/8+by+p/SRS+82ZMwdOp9Oj7aTjwd27774Lh8OB5ORkfPzxx7K8rpCOVV9t2luCPUeQnidNQzxy5AjuvfdeJCcnw2w2Y+zYsfj222+xZcsWrwGw8rwjiiLvm+7nHWW+NLLuTjrvSNvzF0S591FvwUViYiK++uorWb503vFW3h+9Xu+xLncmkwljx45FS0sLnnnmGb/77Y9Wq+XHeqD6evvtt3Hz5k1MnTrV6/TEQPmDlWcPJGQISEhIQHh4OLZu3crTtm7dCp1Oh9TUVFlZALKLKrPZjIKCArS2tsJutyuL9puKigpMmzaNT+GSpKamYtKkSfzBbun5pJKSEv52wpSUFJ950hSgiooKoPMkuWvXLnSXt/WVlpYqi3HKul+5cqXPuk9NTYVOp4PBYODLGI1G3HfffTCZTDz/2WefBet8o97GjRu9ftHcDmV97tixw+ONf3Drh9L+AMCzzz6LmJgYr/2wp0jrfvPNN3k97N6922P/eptGo8G6devwL//yL9Dr9fzNWso2l94C5t7m7i/lcK8zX3U6duxYn3XqHlRJfUy5PXROqdPpdPxtiOh8y540CjNz5kzExsbiueee69X+NRjU1dXhgw8+wNKlS7F8+XJUVFTI3sL59NNP8+mJzz33HMaOHYvHH38cI0aMwHPPPccvoqS81NRUHDlyBAkJCTx4a2pqwtWrVzFr1izA7dzy4YcfgnW+6KK0tNTvBZnUpgUFBbwPVFVV4f7778f58+d7re2kviJ9l6CPtkv+7/mrJ598Ei+++CIf/RYEgQfErPOtlqtWrcK3334Lu93O22PTpk08CHv++efxwAMPYObMmUhMTMSIESPw/PPP8zcsuud7C+ik85xye19//bWs/aW+smrVKt5Xjhw5gqioKJw7dw7Tp0+HTqfDP/3TP6GjowN2ux2bNm3yOp0xEGnqn7dtSaNLynpavXo1WlpaZPUUSHx8PEaMGMH3GZ31NWbMGMycORPHjh2D3u13zKRjXapL5e+cKfOHgqHxKQhRUKlUOHjwICwWC4TO+fcWiwUHDx6ESqXiL7AoKirigY10ks7tfD3siBEjuvViid5y5swZbNy4UZnMP8uBAwfw2muvoaCgAIIgYPfu3fwlJBqNBvv27fOap1Kp8N577+HTTz+FIAiIiYnBsmXLuv1ci0qlQnl5OT777DO+vqVLl3pdX05ODqZPn87n3efm5uL48eO45557YLVaoVKpkJWVxV9Df/fdd+PAgQMQBIHPhy8oKMDx48eRnJwMlUqFAwcOwGq1IiQkBBMnTuSBZk/SaDSoqKjAqlWrIAgCXn/9ddlLISTK/REEAdeuXcOBAwegVqt5223evJm/vKInSG3wxhtv8HowGAzQ6XTKorfF20saBLdXyqNzuktERAR/acu8efMwbdo0/pyVe5u7H28ZGRm8jLLOpDqVHsS/evUqz1eStic9i5Obm4tjx47xPnb33XcjOzsbW7Zswfr167F//34IgoARI0ZA6PyJhWPHjvEXruzfvx82mw2hoaGYOHEiVqxY4dHuQ4Wv9j18+DB27drFg2qNRoMHH3wQv/rVr3gwlJ6ezuv8ypUr2L9/P7RaLa8/6dXtUl54eLhHWyUlJeGVV17hIxoqlQplZWX4r//6L4SGhiImJgZ5eXn85zW8kdosJCQE99xzD2/TI0eOePzGl3Q8PvPMMzAYDLJXmXeVSqXChx9+iNDQUNx7771+t0u6xttLOAS3V8qj87wTGRnJX5Iyd+5cTJs2DTExMQgJCcGiRYtQWVmJiIgI2Vs209PTeZnLly+joqIC99xzD1QqFfbt24f/+Z//wQ9/+EMInTeSpHyluXPnYvr06T63d/fddyMrKwvPPvss1q9fj/fffx9hYWH8uS7pJw4mT54MtVot2/aECRNkL3fpCulzKLd1+PBhTJkyhR+D0rNXixYtwuHDhxEZGcn3e86cOXjuuef8voZepVKhoqIC33zzjay+PvjgA9x77728PWJjYxESEoKkpCS8+OKLmDx5sqy9fOUPBQIL8I3/+eefY/z48cpk0sOkDhWgOQYcQRAG3T4PRlTP5HYZjUaUlpbixIkT6Ojo6NaXd1+wdb5Cf+fOncjJyRkyX7aBhIaGoq2tbcC2S7BsNhtmzJiBkpIS2ZsnycA0bNgw3Lp1y+ezSXcKu92OmTNn4tVXX8X8+fMH/XFI+t9dd92FGzduYPjw4cosgEbACCFk6HGflgm3aaBZWVl0QUwIIYT0MwrACCFkiMnJycGzzz7Lp2uo1WrMmTMHmzZtogCMEEII6Wc0BXGAoCmIxB+qZ9JThspUt6GG2oX0B5qCSEjvoCmIhBBCCCGEEDJABDUCRnrfhAkTAAB/+ctflFkD2oQJEwbdPg9GVM+kp0ycOBF//vOfaSriAPPjH/+Y/54fIX1l0qRJOH/+PI2AEdLDUlJScPPmTZ8jYEEFYDQFsffRFETiD9Uz6Sk01W1gonYh/YGmIBLSO2gKIiGEEEIIIYQMEBSAEUIIIYQQQkgfoQCMEEIIIYQQQvoIBWCEEEIIIYQQ0kcoACOEEEIIIYSQPkIBGCGEEEIIIYT0EQrACCGEEDIgrFy5EpWVlV3+2Q2bzYaHH34YtbW1AZftSllCAMBut0Ov1yMuLg5Xr16V9RtRFJGVlYX4+HiPvK5avXo1QkNDIQgCBEHAihUr0N7ezvOlbbmXEQQBkZGROHv2bMBtr169GocPH8bKlSuRn58vW/eRI0fwgx/8AK+88go6Ojp4+q5du/CjH/0Ier0e586dC7gNEhwKwAghhBDS73bs2AHGGObNm9flHwrXaDQ4c+YMUlJSAi6r0Wjw7//+7yguLobT6VRmE+JVREQEwsLCYDKZZEFIU1MT/vd//xcjR46Ule+q1atXo729HX/729/AGIPT6cQ333yDVatWyQIlANi/fz86OjrAGANjDOXl5XjkkUdw6NAhuFwuWVnJrl270NHRgblz5+InP/kJbDYbRFHk+R9++CFWrlyJL774gn8+URRx/PhxrFy5Er/5zW+wc+dOtLa2uq2VdBcFYIQQQgjpVzabDcePH8cvf/lLhISEoK6uDg8++CBeeOEFfrffYDCgsrJS9rd0sakc1ZL+fuutt3D//ffzUYLz58+DMYZJkyZh+PDhePPNN31esBKitHz5chw4cEDWZ2pqapCZmen3R9RXr17tMeLkzm6347//+7/x85//HKGhoQAAlUqFp556CmfOnIHVavU78jR37lxs374du3fvhsPhUGbDbrfj+PHjePHFFxEaGorU1FSIogin0wnGGERRxHfffYf58+fj66+/hs1m4+kOhwOpqalITk7GXXfdhbfeeks2Qka6x3dvIYQQQgjpA7/97W+h0Wig0Wh4WktLC5qamtDW1gaj0Yj//M//REVFBdra2mA2m3Hu3DmYzWafF6bffvstXn75ZT5iMX/+fGzdupWPeuXm5uKjjz6SjQIQ4k9ycjLsdrssQKmvr0dSUlLAkVd/VCoVwsPD8dprr8mCm7lz56KhoQEPPPBAwPWnpqbCYrGgsbHR45h4//33MWrUKGg0GgiCgPj4eISHh/Njo6mpid+YAMDT7XY7GGMYNWoUAGDx4sWorq72GuSRrqEAjBBCCCH9RhRFHDt2DBMmTPC4yMzNzYUgCEhOTkZsbCz/e9SoUWhvb4fFYpGVV9q5cyeio6OBznV99dVX/OIxOTkZDofD6wUrId5oNBpotVoe+Dc1NUGlUvHAprtUKhX27t2Ls2fP4gc/+AEEQUBaWhpu3rypLOpTVFQUOjo6YLFYZP1ZOr7Gjx/P91GlUiE6Opr3favVismTJ0Oj0SArK4sHZDU1NUhMTIRWq+XHoSiKPJ90HwVghBBCCOk3TqcTzc3NSExMlKVHRETw4Mnb37dLrVYjPDw8YBBHiLsJEybwwKWmpgZRUVHKIkDnM1dhYWEQBAHvvPMOysvLMWzYMAiCgIMHD3pMfY2KisKXX34Jl8sFm80Gq9WKkSNHeryIo6tEUcTly5eRkJAgCxIXL16Mzz//HIwxfPjhh4iPj4cgCEhNTUVtbS2cTicuXLiARYsW8emV0khdoCmRJDAKwAghhBDSr3o6uOqKhoYGupgkQZs1axZqa2tht9tx9uxZzJw50+vzXxs3bkR7ezsYY1i1ahUMBgPa2trAGMOCBQu8LiORgjGTyQSTyeR3qq3EbrcjNDQU0dHRHqNxI0eO9EjXarWor6+H2WyG1Wrl0yijoqJw48YN2Gw23Lp1i49+uaNj5vb5bn1CCCGEkD7Q0tLSbyNRiYmJHheYhPgijRQdOXIEjDH+9+04cuQIEhMTceXKFVlg42taoTc1NTWIjo72GOlC5/OQynXEx8dDp9Ohrq4O99xzD9RqNQ/AtFotKioq4HK5vH4+OmZuHwVghBBCCOk3arUaOp0ODQ0Nyqxe5XQ64XA4+m3kjQxOKpUKU6ZMwc9+9jMkJSVBrVYri3TZjBkzEBsbi1WrVsle8/7+++/D5XIhOTnZb8Bz5MgRbN68GevWrUN4eLgsT6VSISYmxuNZR5VKheHDh6OsrAzJycmyzzFx4kRUV1cjJSVFli69FdHbqBjpGgrACCGEENJvVCoVsrKy8Je//CXgXf6eZDKZEB4e7nXEgBB/UlNTodfrMWvWLJ9TCbvyDJhKpcKxY8cwduxYREREQOj8geXDhw/j7NmzHm9BXLRokezHmA0GAz777DM8+uijHvsjHV/S817uFi9ejLNnz3qMcqWmpqKpqcnj2DCZTFCpVB7lSdcJTNkaCp9//jnGjx+vTCY9TOrIAZpjwBEEYdDt82BE9Ux6SmhoKNra2jy+pEn/utPbxWazYeHChXj99dcD3u3vKStXrsT48eOxadOmO7behw0bhlu3biEsLEyZRYYQu92ORYsWobS0FJMnT+728bV69Wo8+OCDePrpp/nvlRHv7rrrLty4cQPDhw9XZgE0AkYIIYSQ/qbRaLBkyRK89tprfXKzqa6uDt999x3WrFlzxwZf5M4RFRWFJUuW4PXXX+/2jyjX1dXh1q1bePzxxyn46gF01iGEEEJIv1uzZg2sViuqqqp6NQiz2Wx48sknUVRU1CPP7xAyGDz++OOw2+2oqqryeAV+IHa7HevXr8fTTz+NESNGKLNJN9AUxAGCpiASf6ieSU+506e6DVTULqQ/0BREQnoHTUEkhBBCCCGEkAEi4AhYdx/UI4QQQgghhJA70a1bt2gEjBBCCCGEEEL6W1AjYAGKkB5Az4ARf6ieSU+hZ40GJmoX0h/oGTBCegc9A0YIIYQQQgghAwQFYIQQQgghhBDSRygAI4QQQgghhJA+QgEYIYQQQgghhPQRCsAIIYQQQgghpI9QAEYIIYQQQgghfYQCsCFIFEVkZGTAaDTK0m02G+Li4iAIAgRBQFxcHGw2m6xMX/G1j1K6tI/5+fmyfLPZjMjISJ4vCAIyMjIgimJQy/cEs9kMvV4Ps9mszAr6c5WUlMjyhxJRFJGZmelRBxJv+UajESEhIbJ2lf5VVlbKljebzRg3bhxMJpMsvSd4W7fZbMZ9993n0eecTifg9nnc+9yd+pMBUl1UVlbyOqiqqvLbtowx2Gw2xMfH83SDwdDjdeht39zTpX30tu2CggKeHxkZidraWll+XxJFEbNnz/b4HP7yzWYz7r//flndp6enw+FwKBf3ydt60fm9kpCQwNcbFxcHi8XC8+vq6npt21K6e9u5XC6ev3LlSlm7nT9/3mud+SKt//Dhwx7L+Vt3XV0dRo0a5fGZW1tbZevwxmazITExka87NjYW165d4/miKGLOnDk8f/v27bLPfDvbJr2jrq4O48ePx7lz52R9JCoqStZOaWlpuHnzpnLxLhFFEVlZWQgNDYUgCFixYgXa29t5vt1ux7hx43j/UeaTvkMB2BAjiiIWLFiAkydPytJtNhumTZuGdevWgTEGxhjWrVuHadOm9XkQ5msfAWD9+vWIjo4GYwxOpxMWi0UWrFgsFsybN49/BsYYTpw4AZVKFdTyt0sURWzevBktLS3KLJ+fS0qX9stqtWL37t09ul8DhSiKWLhwIU6cOOFxweIvPycnBy6XS9au+fn5SE9PR2pqqmz5LVu24Pr16zytp/hat8Viwdy5c2X7d+LECajVagDAz3/+c2i1WrhcLjidTlitVuzYscPr5x/K3NvW3bx58/y27V//+lcYDAY88sgjvA5tNhtKSkp6rA6lfVMem3Brv46ODq/bLigowMSJE9HR0QHGGMrKyvDYY4/Jgoy+IooiFi1a5HH8BMq3Wq2YO3cu/wyMMZw8eRLh4eGy5X3xtV6bzYYZM2Zg7dq1vI3Xr1+PmTNn8vqRjp+e3jYA/OIXv4BGo0F7ezucTifsdjt27NgBl8uFlStXYvz48Whvb+fttmzZsqDbzd92A63bYrEgOzvb4zOPGDFCth4lm82GmTNn4oknnuDr/sUvfoFZs2bh2rVrEEURixcvRlRUFNra2mC1WvHrX/8aJSUlPAiTti0tH+y2Se8QRRFbt27F//zP/8jSrVYrsrOz0dbWxtvp1KlTuOeee2TlumrDhg0YNWoU/va3v8HpdOKbb77Bzp070dHRAVEUUVBQgKlTp+L777/3yCd9q0sBmM1mw9SpU/H222/zUQjlKIqouNOvHJ147LHH8OKLL0LovGv09ttvQ6/X8zSh8w6y0WiU/R2ItF3prro0UiL9XVJSItsXbyMpUtne3M/eVFJSArVaDYfDgSlTpsjypDu2y5cv52nLly9HREQE7Ha7W8ne5W8fzWYzzpw5g40bNwIAVCoVsrOzcfToUd5uFRUVyMvLky0nCWZ5b/Lz84Nuuz179iAyMhIRERGydH+fq7GxEVevXuX7pdFoUFpaGnC/BhupDlpbWzFlyhQInT8uHmy+O6PRiN///vcoLy/ngQ466z8iIsKj/n0pKCgIekTqzTff9Lruffv2IS8vz+v+Sn1uw4YNEAQh6D431OzYsQPh4eG8bf2pqqrCp59+ytvW6XSiubkZubm5gNtxe+HCBeWiHoJpX/d9mzx5sizPV/sdP34coijy/FmzZvH2nzdvHpqamhAdHS1bV2+TPseNGzcwefJkj/7oL3/fvn1YvHixxzLB8LdeaaR42bJlPH3ZsmWIjIyE3W4HY+y2tz1ixAi+bXd1dXU4c+YMnnrqKY+2+/3vf++13RobGzF69GjZerzZuXOnbLvu+y5t19+6u/uZTSYTGGNYtmwZ/0HupUuX8vqUvkt+8YtfICQkBBqNBjt37kR1dTUfkf/www+xePFi+kHvAeKtt97Cvffe6/G98uGHH2LhwoVdaqfVq1cjPz/f54iV1Dd//vOfIzQ0FCqVCllZWbx/OJ1OXL58GYsWLUJISAjP//zzz/2eQ0nvCL7lO7W0tOCll17ChQsXwBSjKGLnnf7s7Gwe0WdnZ2PBggX8YqSlpQWnT5+G0+nE9evXkZycjJaWFjQ1NYExhsrKSpSXl6OiogKMMZhMJpw5c8brdC930sm3oqIC6LwLpNfrUV9fDwD485//jOzsbKhUKthsNuTm5mLv3r18Pw0GAzZs2MCDyd7az940ZswYWK1WnDp1yuPuYk5ODi5evAiNRsPT7HZ7n09L8LePSUlJqK+vR1JSEtAZCB89epS3myiK+O6771BYWAjBS4AfaPnbZTabcfbsWaxfv16Z5fdzWSwWjBkzBgkJCTwtOjoaDoeDf2kOBe514O1ua6B8iSiKKC0txbp166DVanm6e/139cImEF/r9tXnpHZLSkrCl19+ieTkZF6+J/vcYDFmzBhYLJag2nbXrl148skn+blIrVZDp9Nh3759vMzRo0cxceJExdLd42/ffLXfnDlzoFKpYLVaPY7d/jJmzBhcu3YNH3/8sde75L7ypT5cVFTEpx11ZQqgr/XCLfBwD0a//vpr/r3y17/+Fd999x02b97c7W1fvXqVb9v92Jw0aRL++7//GykpKRAEQdZ2DocDo0eP5lMju2r06NGy7bqTzufSlFklqb43b97Mp4EFOwVQGchBUZ8Wi8Xjc0VHR/OL69vZNul5dXV1OHv2LJ588kmEhobydKmdtmzZgrCwMAg9NP1w0qRJ+Pzzz/kNTlEUcezYMWRmZkKtVkOtViMmJgb79++Hy+Xi+ePHj/fal0nv6nIABgClpaX8y1MaUamtrUVNTQ2am5tloyxr164FANTU1PA0bxcn0qhGSkoKYmNj+d9RUVFob28PatqAXq+HxWKBKIqor6/HhAkT8Oc//xmiKPKADJ0jEBcvXkROTg5f1tuoSm/tZ29ZsmSJLMDyR+ycSvfwww/zgKUvBLOPYudopjTyIfUhp9OJ8+fPY82aNTxw3r59O1avXg3RbbTB1/K3QxRFbNu2DVu3bvXoEwjwuaSbAEqtra19OvrY2/zVAYLIl9TU1ODSpUtYtmwZTxNFEa+88orP+r8d0rq3bNnisW73PidNsdq+fTueeOIJWfAsdj5HpFarwRjDmjVr7qgvtLy8vKDa9vTp0/w7QqoflUqF6upqCIKA0NBQqNVqPPXUUzzovV3B7JvUfuHh4XC5XFi7di0EQeDHbklJCQ8glM849ZW8vDzZDQklX/lSH37iiSd4Hy4pKcGaNWuCCoR8rdcbsXMa79SpU5GUlMS3/fjjj/fatsXO57TCw8PR0dGBNWvWoLGxEegcQZMCkbi4ONmzVP74225DQwMYY9i5c6fXdTudTtTW1mL16tV8GmBJSQmefPLJoD6zO1EU8cwzz2DKlClISkpCY2MjmJeRCum7RKpvb9umIKxviaKI7du3Y9OmTR43ZUVR5H1EmoK4Y8cOrFu37raDMHSuPysrCyNGjMD333+PJ554go+IHTt2DMOGDcMPf/hDqNVqrF27FoWFhbIAkfSNLgdgERERsrtd0t3L+vp61NfX49KlS9BqtRA67xar1WqcPHlSdhEqBUIS5TqVfwdLuhPm7HwOY+rUqfjuu+9gs9kgCAJSUlJk5W1uL6WYP3++LA+9uJ/9TXR7JqmsrEyZ3e9UKhWfd79x40b85Cc/gc1m44FzYWEhLxsVFYXz58/LAnxfy7srKSnhfbS8vBzl5eX8b28vj9izZw+/qCC9R/Qx+rVnzx5+ERKI+8VyWVkZysvL+d/KF3qgc+qhr3VrNBo0NTXJggFffa66upr3uaSkJFitVrc1EdHL6Bc6z8Px8fGYMGECf2bmww8/REFBgdeLzR07dvhtX2/LBCK1n8vlwqZNm5CUlMSDrJMnT0KlUvF9+9WvfiV7xmmg02g0aGxsRFFREe/Do0aNQm1tLU6fPt2t+vJG7HxmSqPR4N133+VT5Hxtu6ampke2rVKp8NFHH/G2S0lJ4SOed999N7/A/dWvfsWfpbpd/tat0WjQ0NDAR/3Qzc8suj3v9c477wR1gRwVFdUj2ya376233kJycjKSkpJ435dERUXhyy+/5COVUprJZMLp06dlL1XZtWsXHyV75513UF5ejmHDhkEQBBw8eFBWViIFWh0dHSgqKsJDDz2EK1euwGazYdy4cdDr9fj+++/BGIPRaMTKlSt9TmskvafLAVgg6enpcDqdYG4PXDPGZBfNvUWtVmPkyJFoamqC0+lEcnIyvv32WzQ2NmLkyJF8REQKvLRaLX8phbcLs6HIbDYjJiYG2dnZAzL4UkpNTYVOp/P51jHpBoAvvpYvLCzkfdNgMPA3nzHGZCOjcJue1t2RNGUgLxkxYgSioqKUyXc06RmHWbNm8TSp/tesWSMr60thYSG/256fn8/fjMYY87jR4r5u5ZekL93tc3c6qW3T0tJkdW0ymaDT6fioEzofJP/jH//odUr3pk2b/LZvsO3oy8yZM6HT6fjzOOnp6bJ9mzlzJmJjY3n+YBSoD3dVXV0dYmNjMXv2bOzdu9fvcy3Stm+3nbyR2k56Rmvt2rV8X5TtejvS0tKwZs0a2br99Ymu1nddXR3i4uKQkZGBd999l1+kJyYmeq036bvEW15v1jfxTpp6uHr16qACZ3QGTTExMcpkbNy4kY9mrlq1CgaDgQf+CxYs8HusAcCMGTOg0+lgNptRW1uLsWPHYs2aNXy/fvGLX+D8+fMwm81e+y7pPf5bzouWlhbZnT9n5wPUer0eer0ezc3N/fZci0qlwtSpU1FTU4PW1lZoNBqMHDkStbW1mDp1Kp9eVFtbC51OB6fT2SeB4UBhNBqRmZmJ6urqAfm5jUajx0tdpP7lL9/hcCA6OtpnvrR8d506dQoffPAB1Go1BEFAcnIyGhoakJyc7HW0TMnb814WiwXh4eH8pgD5P+7POEik+g8PD+f1X19fj5SUlNu+cfLxxx/7XbfRaER8fLxsNEvZ57zl326fG4oG0vNUkqqqKsTHx3t8p12+fBnwc/NkMPH1GR0Oh89pdl1RVVWF2bNn4+jRox7TRquqqpCQkNAr2/a17suXL2P8+PGysj3JVxAkkfbLfaTN/ZwRSFVVFebMmYOqqir+3J7E/XkvicVigbrz+R5/277d+ibBq6mpwQcffIB7770XgiAgKSkJX3zxBaZOnYpDhw7BaDQiMTERV65c4UGPKIq8nfz1L3+OHDkCvV7vsd7Lly9TcDUAdTkAQ+fdSekid+vWrdDpdEhNTeV3flesWAGx85kco9GIyMhIr3cye4Ner8c///M/Y+rUqYiKisLo0aPxH//xHx5fpO6BotlsRkFBwZB7Jsed2WxGYWEhqqurvU61Ggi8jRxIwbJ7/1Lmh4eHIyEhwWe+tHx3uY+Wsc4XriQmJsJkMnmMlnmTkJCA8PBwbN26Fegcgd2wYYPXZwzvdPv27UN0dLSsXrzVv16vR21trceIVle5j6Z4W7fUp9x/F6wv+txQVFFRAa1W69Hnk5OT0dzcjD179vCLhNLSUo9AvDd4GxUxmUyIiYnh5xx0XlBJ+adPn8alS5eQnJzc7QulvuRtdMZkMkGtVnf7JRWSuro6FBUV4ejRo17rw1f99sS2fa177Nix+Jd/+ReEhITIplhKzx9628+umDlzJgRB8Fi31CdSU1N91revF3dI6urqsHnzZlRVVfFHKtzFx8cjPDwczz//PDo6OmCz2fD000/z5097s61J8NxHrRhjMJvN+NGPfoSzZ8/i0Ucf5X3EfdSpJ9rJfbRLeUykpqYiJSUFX331Fd58803+2vnXXnsNWq02YN8kvYAF4F7EarWy2NhYtmbNGgaAAWDp6enM6XTyMk6nk6Wnp/P8iIgIZjKZZHmVlZW8vMlkYomJibyM1WplU6ZMkf0dGxsrW8ZgMLDi4mL+tztl+eLiYhYbG8usVqusnMFg4PsYGxvLTCYTX66n9rMrpH3pCd72v7i4mG9D+a+7+8wU/aMrvO2je7qv/iXVs6/8QMtLbqc+lH3BXbCfy1f/9aW79dwfnE4ny8jI8KgDib/8/Pz8gHVjMpmYXq9ntbW1yizGOttWEASPdgXADh8+rCwu423dVquVxcXFyfqUw+Hg+dLn8ZU/0ISEhLCOjg5lco+Q6uLw4cPM5XLJ8qS2VaazIOrYXUlJid/29bZ+5mffpHRpnWlpaV7bV8qPjY1l165d4/k9Jdh2cTqdLDMz0+Nz+Mu3Wq0sPj6e11NaWhprbW3lyxQUFPhsG4m39ZaUlLCQkBCPdgDADh06xFwuV1Db3r59e5e37Z7u3nbSupV5sbGx7OrVq3xZabv+6lxah/RZ3NNnz57tc91Wq5UlJCTI9uvmzZs8f+XKlV63vWPHDp/1efDgQeZyuTy2/eqrr8rWE2jbSmFhYaytrU2ZTHqQ2WxmP/rRj9jZs2d5P7LZbEyv1/N2mjVrFrtx44ZyUbZz504WGhrq0R8AsAMHDnj0IafTyebMmcP7kXK9wW6X3L7hw4ezW7duKZM5gUlhsg+CIPBI2tb5Y76lpaVB3fknwZPuPARojgHHvX+Q3kP1THpKaGgo2traAj47QPpWf7ZLXV0damtrsWrVqj6/C95f2+6v7cJt2ytXruyX9nY3bNgw3Lp1C2FhYcosQshtuOuuu3Djxg0MHz5cmQV0dwoiIYQQQoaG2trafpua3l/b7q/tonNamLe34xFC7hw0AjZA0AgY8YfqmfSU/hxpIb5Ru5D+QCNghPSOQCNgXQrASO+hAIz4Q/VMegpd6A9M1C6kP1AARkjvCBSA0ZmeEEIIIYQQQvpIUCNghBBCCCGEEEKCc+vWLZ8jYEEFYAGKkB5AUxCJP1TPpKfQVLeBidqF9AeagkhI76ApiIQQQgghhBAyQFAARgghhBBCCCF9hAIwQgghhBBCCOkjFIARQgghhBBCSB/pkwCsqalJmUQIIYQQQgghd5wuBWA2mw1Tp06F2WxWZnkliiIyMjJw6NAhZdaA1dXPOBBJ9W40GmXpNpsNcXFxEAQBgiAgLi4ONptNVqav+NpHKV3ax/z8fFm+2WxGZGQkzxcEARkZGRBF0evyJSUlsuW7S7le5X65M5vN0Ov1vA8ZjUbZ/rr/U37+oUIURWRmZvqtr4KCAp4fGRkJk8nUpfzustlsiI+P5+uOi4uD1WpVFoPZbMa4ceN8bjdQ/p1EWacGg0H21s5A+e56q16lPllZWSnbtpQeEhLidd/MZjPuv/9+2XGbnp4Oh8PBy5DeYbPZkJCQIDtWLRYLzxdFEbNnz+Ztt337drhcLgBAXV0dtRvpc6IoIisrC4cOHeJ9EQDsdjvGjRvH++qKFSvQ3t7uMz82NhZXrlzxeZ7simDWvXr1aoSGhkLo/L49e/Zsj2yb+NalAEyj0eDs2bNISkpSZpEBQhRFLFiwACdPnpSl22w2TJs2DevWrQNjDIwxrFu3DtOmTevzIMzXPgLA+vXrER0dDcYYnE4nLBaLLIiyWCyYN28e/wyMMZw4cQIqlYqvV1rearVi9+7dPRKEBdoviSiK2Lx5M1paWnhaTk6ObH8ZYzAYDEhPT0dqaqps+aFi/fr10Gq1vL6sVqusvgoKCjBx4kReH3v37kVeXh4PhALld5fNZsP06dPxs5/9DC6XC4wxrF+/HtOnT5etWxRFbNmyBdevX5ctLwmUfycRRREGgwGPPPIIXC4XnE4nbDYbCgoKwBjzmV9SUgKm+ILvrXoVRRELFy70es75+c9/Dq1Wi46ODq/7ZrVaMXfuXN5fGGM4efIkwsPDlasiPchms2HGjBlYu3at7FidOXMmLBYLRFHEokWLoNFo0N7eDqvVil//+tfYsWMHXC4XLBYL5s6di46ODmo30idEUURubi6qq6tl5zZRFFFQUICpU6fi+++/h9PpxDfffINVq1ahvb0ddrsdqampWLVqFdra2sAYw1NPPYWMjAxcvXrV4zzZFcGse/Xq1XjwwQfx/fffgzGG8vJyrFix4ra3TfzrUgCmHB2S/n777bf5qERkZCTMZrPsIruoqAj5+fkQFaMIypGLxx57DC+++KJsPb64j4S4rwed6/K1nWDyB6uSkhKo1Wo4HA5MmTJFlldbWwsAWL58OU9bvnw5IiIiYLfb3Ur2Ln/7aDabcebMGWzcuBEAoFKpkJ2djaNHj/L2qaioQF5enmw5SWNjI65evcqX12g0KC0tlS3vTX5+vtcRGkkw+yXZs2cPIiMjERERIUt3ZzQa8emnn+K9996DSqVSZg963uorKysLR48ehdPp5PmzZs3iy+Tk5ODixYvQarUB830pKChAfn6+3y8M6ThYtmwZhM7f3lu2bBkiIyNlx8Gbb76JiIgIn+0YKP9Ocvr0aTQ3N+Pll1+GIAhQqVR49dVX8cc//hFmsxlOpxPNzc3Izc0F3I6fCxcuKFfV5XoNps137NiB8PBwtLa2YvLkybI8qa9t2LCB73t2djaOHz8uO+csXrxYthzpfdIIqK9jVTrfP/XUUxAEARqNBjt37uRtt2/fPixevJgvS0hv2rVrF+655x60tLQgJSVF1u8++eQTXLp0Cf/6r/+K0NBQqFQqbNu2DbW1tTCbzaitrYXL5cLSpUv57wAuXboUkZGR+Prrr9224mn16tXIz8+Xjaa5M5lMYIz5XHddXR3OnDmDmTNn8vy5c+eivr4eDzzwAB0/vahLAZg3LS0teOmll3DhwgUwxjBv3jxs3rwZAHDw4EGkp6ejuLgYr7/+OhYsWIDs7Gx+Nyo7OxsLFizgX3QtLS04ffo0nE4nrl+/7nOkzWazITc3F3v37oXT6QQ6L3zhNroijVYwxhAdHc23Eyh/MBszZgysVitOnTrlcZdPuoDVaDQ8zW63o7W1VVaut/nbx6SkJNTX1/N2F0URR48eRXZ2Nh/h+u6771BYWOg1eLZYLBgzZgwSEhL4OqOjo+FwOHg/6Y5A+yUxm804e/Ys1q9f77a0nCiK2LVrF9atWydri6HEW30dO3YM2dnZUKvVsFgsGD16tKyd3AXKvx05OTloamqSBXLK48C9Hb19+Uj569at85p/p6mvr0dMTAzUajVPi4qKQnt7OywWC9RqNXQ6Hfbt2we4HT8TJ050W0vv1euYMWNgsVhw6tQpjBgxQpaXlJSEL7/8EsnJyYDbvs2ZM0d2zikqKuLTd2gaW9+YN28eGhsbER0dzdO+/vprfqy6nyek/hIdHc1HMb/77jts3ryZT6uidiO9afTo0bhy5Qo+/vhjjBw5UpbX0NCAmJgYhIeH874aFRWFjo4OWK1WZGdno6GhQRbwKL+XustbMOW+bqvVitGjR/Mp4qTv3HYABgClpaX8YjIvLw/Nzc0eF7w1NTVobm6WjcCsXbuW50mUF7XeSHexU1JSoFKpcOLECRQWFgKdoyAOhwPbtm3j5bdt24bm5mbU1NQEzB/MlixZEvRFvdg5Ve7hhx/2Gej2hmD2UewcoZQu6KR+4nQ6cf78eaxZs4YHz9u3b8fq1ashiiLq6+sVa/o/ra2tPTLK52u/pLxt27Zh69atfvuvt+NgqBI7n61Rq9VgjGHNmjVA5wU7OkcmpEDa/TmsQPk9Seyc8vbQQw8hKSkJoijilVdewZYtW7y2o3u+e8BxJ9Pr9bh8+bLsnO/+BX/33XejuroagiAgNDQUarUaTz31FL+Rgl6u17y8vKDOOZmZmQgPD4fL5cLatWshCAKcTidqa2vxxBNP8GlwxcXFWLNmjcd3HOld0rE6depUJCUloaGhQVkE6DzfNzY24vz583j88cfR3t4OxhhKSkqwdu1aCsJIr8jNzfU5QyMxMRGXL1+Gw+Hgo/V2ux03b970OnoviiK2bt2KlJQUJCUl9WhgpFx3Y2MjGGPYtWsXwsLCIPh4Roz0vB4JwIJRX1+PS5cuQavV8osqtVqNkydPyi6c9Xq9bDlv6uvrodPpvH5RWywWhIeHy/KkO7D19fUB8+8EotsoYFlZmTK730lBNWMMGzduxE9+8hPYbDZoNBpcvHiRB9vovIt0/vz5LgfPJSUlvB+Wl5ejvLyc/+3rxRi+9gudI7DShYEv4h0w+uVOpVLxufAbN27EpEmTeBB18uRJqFQqHkiXlpbKnsMKlC8pKSnhIxNlZWUoLy/nf1dWVsrKKomdzwVptVrs3bsXgiDgzTffxJQpU3y2Y6D8O5E0evTss8/yL+zS0lL+HKTdbkd8fDwmTJjAn8f58MMP+TNi6GK97tixw2+bd+eiQeqrLpcLmzZtQlJSEiwWCzQaDRobG1FUVMQvgqKiolBbW4uamppubYt0nej2vNe7777Lp0r5otFo0NDQwEcuAWDUqFHUbqRfJCcnIyQkBP/0T/+Ejo4OAMBrr72Gb775RlkUYudzZPfffz/eeecdhIWFKYvIgqV33nkH5eXlGDZsGARBwMGDB2Uv/3Dna90ff/wx/u7v/g5/+9vfwBjDv/3bvyEzM5OeAetl/s9iPSw9PR1Op5NfVEn/3C+oSe8ym82IiYlBdnb2gAy+lFJTU6HT6fiop5IUPMNP8D5ixAhERUXJ0goLC3n/MxgM/M1njDHk5OTIynrjvl/S1Cn3ETFvpGcW0tLSlFlDXmpqKmJjY/lzHenp6XxErDv5ksLCQj4ykZ+fD4PBwP+eP3++rKw7s9kMnU6HOXPm8OBLasc1a9bwi23lMv7y71QajQa///3v8dlnn/FAaM6cOUhPTwc6ZyzodDo+qgQAGzZs4M+IdbVeN23a5LfNg1mHPzNnzoROp+PPTii5n3NI76urq0NsbCwyMzOxd+9eHlAFOt8r+4FarUZMTIwsjZC+EBUVhZqaGpw9exY/+MEPIAgCZs2ahfT0dFk/raurQ3x8PNLS0vDuu+96Db4AYOPGjXxkd9WqVTAYDPwFGwsWLPB6g6Kurg4JCQle1z1r1iysWbMGoaGhAIAZM2YgNjYWZrPZ6zmQ9AzPVuoler3e69TE7vC3Lm/P/EgPgev1+oD5Q5nRaERmZiaqq6sHZNBrNBo9Xo0vtY2/fIfDgejoaK9t623Es6t8bVfar1OnTuGDDz6AWq2GIAhITk5GQ0MDkpOTZaNp3p5RG4qk+nIfrXKvr0DHWaD822U0GjF79mwcP35cNrLx8ccf44MPPuDz9JOTk1FfX4+UlBRUVlbydvaVfyfTaDRoamriNzHGjRsHh8OBlJQUZVEPgeq1Ny8AqqqqEB8fD4vbq82dTicuX77sN1865ygv8knPqqqqwuzZs3H06FHZsQq3572U53u1Wo1PPvkECQkJuHbtGs9zbzdC+lpUVBS+/PJLfrNowoQJEEURycnJEAQBR44cQVZWFiorK/mziz1FWvehQ4c81p2YmEjnsX7SZwGYNGKwYsUKiJ0vTTAajQHfduiN9KUujYqUlJTwt9glJCQgPDwcW7du5eW3bt0KnU6H1NTUgPlDldlsRmFhIaqrq4Oa5tMfvI12SXfPU1NTfeaHh4cjISHBo21tNhs2bNgQ1HOF/vjarrRf7qNpjDGYTCYkJibCZDLJRtMqKioQHR19W/syGHgbraqtrUVMTAxmzpyJ1NRUCIKA06dP8/yamhpcunQJycnJAfNvh9lsRlFREY4fP+6xLveRFakd9Xo9amtrMX/+fNlom7f8O5VZ8btd0rM60vOeKSkpaG5uxp49e3gwVVpayl+gEKhee/PiwNtol8lkQkxMjOyco8xXq9WIj49XrI30pLq6OhQVFeHo0aP8ItVdfHw8wsPD8dxzz8HlcsFms+Hpp5/GnDlzkJOTA51OJ7uDbzKZ+HeFcl2E9Ka6ujqMHz8e586dA+v8aY6tW7fyKfB/+tOfsHnzZlRWVmLy5Mk92j/r6ur4uqdMmeKx7hkzZkAQBHzyySd86qL01saefv6MKLAA3ItYrVY2ZcoUZjKZ+N+xsbGssrKSl6msrGSxsbHMarUyxhgrLi5mAJjBYGBOp5Olp6czAAwAi4iI4OuS8tzXxRhjBoOBFRcXy9IYY8xkMrGIiAgGQLY95rYuaTvp6enM6XQGla/8jH1F2pee4K0upXbw9k9Z513R3X32to/u6d7ahrn1OV/5yuW99R3WjfpQrle5XXcmk4klJiZ69CFffTkY3a3n/uJ0OllGRoasvhwOh8/82NhYZrFYgs6XFBcXM0EQPNoQADt8+LCyOCspKQm6vMlkYnq9ntXW1srSJYHyB6qQkBDW0dGhTL4tRqNRVq/bt29nLpeL51utVhYXF8fzlf3BXaB6DdSG7tt1J/UpZRkpXVpnWlqabN+sViuLj4/n20hLS2Otra08v6f0RrsMZiUlJSwkJMSjjQGwQ4cOMZfLxZxOJ8vMzORt9+qrr/I6tFqtLCEhodfbbbALCwtjbW1tymTSTU6nk82ZM4cdPHhQdjxXVVWxsLAw3h9feeUV1t7ezhhjbOfOnSw0NNSjnwNgBw4c8DgvdKW8v7L79+9nHR0dzOl0sqysLH686XQ69tVXX/k8l5LgDB8+nN26dUuZzAlMuj3kgyAI/A4S6T3SXYbBVtfUP/oG1TPpKaGhoWhra/P6nADpP9QupD8MGzYMt27d8vm8ESGke+666y7cuHEDw4cPV2YBfTkFkRBCCCGEEELudBSAEUIIIYQQQkgfoQCMEEIIIYQQQvoIBWCEEEIIIYQQ0keCegkHIYQQQgghhJDg3Lp1y+dLOIIKwAIUIT2A3oJI/KF6Jj2F3rY3MFG7kP5Ab0EkpHfQWxAJIYQQQgghZICgAIwQQgghhBBC+ggFYIQQQgghhBDSRygAI4QQQgghhJA+QgEYIYQQQgghhPSRXgnAmpqalEl+dbU8IYQQQgghhAxGPRqAiaKIjIwMHDp0SJnlVVfLuzMajYiLi4PNZoPNZsPUqVNhNpt5niAIEAQBjzzyCP//kpIS5WqGJKlejUajLN1msyEuLo7Xh1R/Q51UH8H2g0DlzWYzIiMjeb4gCMjIyIAoirJypHfYbDbMnj0bVqvVb5q/dDJ4+GpDb+ne0gghZDCx2+3Izs7G1atX+c/PeEvzl04Gvh4NwPqLRqPB2bNnkZSUBACoqKiAwWAAYwzx8fH8/wsLC5WLDjmiKGLBggU4efKkLN1ms2HatGlYt24dGGNgjGHdunWYNm3akA7CpPqIjo4GYwxWqxW7d+/2CKokwZS3WCyYN28er0fGGE6cOAGVSiVbF+l5RqMRjz76KEaOHIn8/Hzk5+d7TWOM+Uwng0dVVRUWLFjg0Ybe0isrKz3SqL0JIYPJkSNHsHDhQoSHh2PVqlXIz8/H4cOHPdLa29u9lm1vb1eukgxULABlkeLiYgaAAWARERHMZDIxxhhzOp0sPT2d5xkMBsYYYyaTiUVERPB0AKyystJneV+sViuLjY3l233hhRdYbGwss1qtzGq1silTpjCTycQMBoNsW9I/qexAJe3n7ZDaZsqUKWzKlCmssrKS51VWVnrUgXu9ddft7nMwpP186623eF+SPovJZGJLlixhTqdTuRhjnf0vMTFR9hkrKytZenq612WCKW8wGGR12xf6op4HC5PJxCIjI9nhw4f9pvlLv5OFhISwjo4OZfKA5d6GLpfLb7q3tMFisLULGRrCwsJYW1ubMpn0I7PZzEaNGsUOHDjAzwlms5lFRUXJ0vylk/43fPhwduvWLWUyF/Cqzv3CT3kRr/xbCqqKi4sZcwua3C9WDQYDX0ZZ3hdlOWm93gIw1rkNKaBz//+BrCcCsN/97neyeg0UJHgLNrrqdvc5GMr2Zp3BpnsQFhER4RFgMi/BE+v83FOmTPEoy4Io73Q62ZIlS1hiYiJvM2X53tAX9TwYWK1WlpmZyerr61lGRgarrKz0muarLBlcF/rKNpQCK2/p3tIGUxA2mNqFDB0UgA0sNpuNZWVlsS+++ILNmTOHHTx4kFksFo+0jo4Or2XpHDJw9GoApqQMlLxxX0cw5ZmP7bqnWSkAkwkmAJPK3G7d9NQ++2P1Esh7S5MCMfeR2eLiYo8AyV/gGai8tF33PmsKMArXE/qinsmdgS70ByZqF9IfKAAjpHcECsC69AxYamoqdDodtFotBEHweMmDL+4vf5g/f74yO6D6+nrodDqo1WqeFh0djYiICFk5Ehz355zKysqU2QNSREQEoqOj+d9qtRo6nQ719fU8LSkpCdevX8eFCxewdu1a/lKWnqTRaHDx4kXZ84RRUVE4f/48ampqZGUJIYQQQghR6lIAplKpcOLECTDGYDAYMH/+fERGRvq80JUCL61Wy1/+UFlZqSxG+pDZbEZMTAyys7MHTfAVLOnthBMnTsSePXuQlJQEvV6vLAYAGDFiBKKiopTJXS4Pt2CQEEIIIYSQQLoUgLkrKyuD0+nEpEmTcOrUKWU2AKC2thY6nQ5Op/O23kCo1+vR3NwMp9PJ0ywWC1paWmTliH9GoxGZmZmorq6+rfboDy0tLbBYLPxvp9OJ5uZm6PV6Hnjl5ubiwoULuH79On8jZnR0NBwOh0ffCQ8Pl42oSgKVd//5A4nT6YTD4ZCN0BFCCCGEEOJNlwIw5cVnY2Mjrl69irS0NGVRzj1wMpvNKCgoQGtrK+x2u7KoT9LUx61btwKdI2sbNmxQFiN+mM1mFBYWorq6mgcng82GDRt439u6dSt0Oh1GjBiBbdu24fLly7h48SI0Go1smYSEBISHh3v0nezsbK+vjQ9UXuqLtbW1fJna2lqEh4cjISHBbU2EEEIIIYR46lIAlpOTg2nTpvFnwJKTk1FSUsIv6FUqFbKzs1FUVIT8/HyP8rm5uaiursaIESNgsVg8yufn53v9fSaVSoWDBw/CYrFAEARMnDgRBQUFymJB8bWNoe7UqVNoaGhAcnKy7AeEu/IsX3/LyMjgfcliseDgwYOYPn06fve733kNpuCl70jTYd1HAN37RKDyKpUK7733HjZs2MDrb9euXTh48KDPfSCEEEIIIUQisP97w5pPgiAgQBHSAwRBAP7vVXfKrAGtL/qH9CPSpaWlyMnJUWbfEfqinsmdITQ0FG1tbQgJ6dL9N9LLqF1Ifxg2bBhu3bqFsLAwZRYh5DbcdddduHHjBoYPH67MAro6AkYIIYQQQgghpPsoACOEEEIIIYSQPkJTEAcImoJI/KF6Jj2FproNTNQupD/QFERCegdNQSSEEEIIIYSQASKoETBCCCGEEEIIIcG5deuWzxGwgAEYIYQQQgghhJCeQVMQCSGEEEIIIaSPUABGCCGEEEIIIX2EAjBCCCGEEEII6SMUgBFCCCGEEEJIH6EAjBBCCCGEEEL6CAVghBBCCCGEENJHKAAjhBBCCCGEkD7y/wGSX/k6Jl5DhwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\" style=\"width: 790px; height: 142.639px;\" width=\"790\" height=\"142.639\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: Values are means \u0026plusmn; standard deviations (M \u0026plusmn; SD); n = 12. Statistically significant differences (stat. diff.) are marked (***: p \u0026le; 0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll participants drank water during the second rest period in both tests. During the fourth rest period, the remaining eight participants in the permanently warm condition and all participants in the interval cooling condition consumed water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe total amounts of water differed significantly between the two conditions (perm. warm: 647\u0026plusmn;276 ml vs. 870\u0026plusmn;187 ml, inter. cool, p \u0026le; 0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelf-perceived exertion and heat burden\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRatings of perceived exertion (RPE) between 7.3\u0026plusmn;1.0 and 8.7\u0026plusmn;2.6 during rest periods in the interval cooling condition documented substantial relief provided by cooling (Table 4).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast, RPE of the permanently warm tests varied between 9.5\u0026plusmn;2.3 and 13.3\u0026plusmn;4.1 during rest periods in the permanently warm control condition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) with the Borg scale (\u0026lsquo;6\u0026rsquo; to \u0026lsquo;20\u0026rsquo;) at the end of each period of the work-rest schedule on a treadmill in a climatic chamber with permanently warm (perm. warm) and interval-cooled (inter. cool) thermally insulating protective clothing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"856\" height=\"163\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: Values are means \u0026plusmn; standard deviations (M \u0026plusmn; SD). The number of participants varied von n = 12 to n = 4 due to test terminations in the permanently warm condition (*: p \u0026le; 0.05; **: p \u0026le; 0.01; ***: p \u0026le; 0.001).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe low ratings of perceived heat burden \u0026lsquo;slightly cool\u0026rsquo; - \u0026lsquo;cool\u0026rsquo; during rest periods proved the thermal relief provided by the cooled rests in the interval cooling condition (Table 5).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe thermal strain in the permanently warm condition was clearly documented by the opposite indications during the rest periods in the range between \u0026lsquo;slightly warm\u0026rsquo; - \u0026lsquo;warm\u0026rsquo; - \u0026lsquo;hot\u0026rsquo;.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5. Ratings of perceived heat burden [rating scale: \u0026apos; very hot\u0026apos; (4) - (-4) \u0026apos;very cold\u0026apos;] at the end of each period of the work-rest schedule on a treadmill in a climatic chamber with permanently warm (perm. warm) and interval-cooled (inter. cool) thermally insulating protective clothing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" style=\"width: 812px; height: 157.467px;\" width=\"812\" height=\"157.467\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: Values are means \u0026plusmn; standard deviations (M \u0026plusmn; SD). The number of participants varied von n = 12 to n = 4 due to test terminations in the permanently warm condition (***: p \u0026le; 0.001; ᴓ: Statistical analysis at the time \u0026lsquo;work 5\u0026rsquo; was not applicable since the standard error of the difference presented the value \u0026lsquo;0\u0026rsquo;.).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe interval cooling strategy of insufflating dehumidified air into the microclimate during rest periods has proven to be effective for thermal relief in insulating protective clothing: all twelve participants completed an exposure time of 205 minutes, while only four of them tolerated heat stress in the permanently warm condition.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe participants had the same metabolic rates and corresponding identical metabolic heat productions in both conditions. Due to the clothing insulation, heat dissipation was restricted, resulting in heat stress in both variants. However, the core temperatures remained markedly below 38.5\u0026deg;C in the ventilated version. This temperature is considered the exposure limit in a real work situation to avoid exertional heat illnesses [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]. There was no evidence of an exacerbated accumulation of body heat or an increase in heat stress to the individual limits of heat tolerance in the interval cooling condition.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe effects of increasing body heat storage resulting in uncompensated heat stress were obvious in the permanently warm control condition: the convergence of mean weighted skin temperatures and the core temperatures was an expression of the restricted thermoregulatory capacity to compensate for this heat burden [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. As a consequence, five tests had to be terminated because participants met the core temperature limit of 39.0\u0026deg;C as a preventive exposure limit for healthy personnel under medical supervision [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMcLellan and Havenith emphasised the restricted heat transfer from the body to the environment, especially by the impairment of sweat evaporation, as the main cause of heat storage in protective clothing [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. They highlighted that military protective clothing in particular (for example, in the context of biological and chemical defence) increases the problem of permeability due to a thicker layer of clothing in comparison to civilian equipment. Our results from the interval cooling condition could therefore not only lead to significantly improved military performance, but also for civilian use with comparable clothing.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe reduction of heat stress with the interval cooling is also strongly confirmed by heart rates, which are an indicator of physiological strain. During each ventilated rest period, heart rates decreased, and recovery was sufficient to complete the entire test, such that no participant in the interval cooling condition had to terminate the tests prematurely due to increased heart rates. In contrast, heart rates of participants in the permanently warm control condition increased continuously with each additional work period, indicating a substantial increase in exhaustion. Rest periods did not result in any substantial recovery.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe decrease in mean weighted skin temperatures during rest periods in our study confirmed the significant heat dissipation in the interval cooling condition without removing the thermally insulating protective clothing. However, minimum skin temperatures in this evaporative interval study did not fall below 33\u0026deg;C, minimizing the occurrence of vasoconstriction, which is usually expected below 32\u0026ndash;33\u0026deg;C [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]. The selected ventilation parameters (outlet temperature, RH and ventilation rate of the insufflated air) maintaining the vascular regulation that occurs during heat stress with vasodilation and increased blood flow to improve heat dissipation. Otherwise, the effect of sympathetic noradrenergic vasoconstrictor nerves reduces skin blood flow, leading to an extended insulation of the tissue and a reduction in heat loss [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHence, during studies of conductive heat a 2-minute intermittent cooling regime has been applied dissipation to avoid excessively low skin temperatures [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdhering to the 33\u0026deg;C limit in this interval cooling study also confirms that 20 min is suitable as a rest period. Longer cooling periods are not necessary, since heat dissipation is sufficient, and further decreases in skin temperature could cause vasoconstriction. On the other hand, shortening would be insufficient since accumulating body heat storage will probably lead to an increase in core temperature and maximum skin temperature, reducing physical performance and extending the danger of exertional heat illness.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo ensure sufficient sweat evaporation during rest periods, physical conditions of ventilation must be adequate. In this study insufflated air was used at intervals (rest periods, 105 min vs. 100 min, work periods) and 73% of the total sweat amount was evaporated. This can be considered as successful because continuous ventilation (600 l/min at 25\u0026deg;C, 130 min exposure time) in the previous study resulted in an evaporation rate of 82%, which was not substantial higher [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe increase in the insufflated air temperature to 30\u0026deg;C during the present study contributed to the successful heat dissipation. Under normal pressure, the water vapor absorption volume at 600 l/min is approximately 842 ml/h at 25\u0026deg;C and 1120 ml/h at 30\u0026deg;C [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. This increase enables a sufficient evaporation during the 20-minute rest periods, preventing excessive body heat accumulation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDue to the temperature gradient between the insufflated air (30\u0026deg;C) and the mean weighted skin temperatures (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;33\u0026deg;C), an additional amount of of heat dissipation by convection must be considered. A certain proportion of heat emission through thermal radiation must also be taken into account. Both effects are desirable because they provide additional pathways for heat loss. Overall, evaporative (192\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;26 W, M\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12), convective and thermal radiant heat loss were sufficient to attain the required thermal relief of a total metabolic rate of 316\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;48 W (M\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterval cooling also positively affects subjective perceptions of exertion and heat burden. With increasing exposure time, participants in our study reported significantly lower ratings, particularly during cooled rest periods, compared to the permanently warm control condition. Indeed, subjective ratings of perceived heat burden were within the \u0026lsquo;slightly cool\u0026rsquo;/ \u0026lsquo;cool\u0026rsquo; area during the rest periods. From a physiological point of view this is not an indication that the ventilation temperature was too low, because the cooling capacity of the DAC method was moderate, as the critical skin temperature for the onset of vasoconstriction was never undercut (see above).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll parameters indicate that the participants were able to compensate for heat burden in the interval cooling condition because evaporative heat loss during rest periods was effective in preventing accumulation of body heat. In addition, to this result, a prolongation of predefined exposure time of 205 min would have been possible without endangering participants\u0026rsquo; health. The safety level of the microclimate cooling system DAC in the event of long-term application could be further increased by adding an individualised physiological monitoring system [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR47\" citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEven with successful application of the interval cooling strategy, a detailed analysis of single parameters during the first work period (heart rate, core and mean weighted skin temperature) suggests further potential for optimisation because the air-diffusing undergarment (DAC-S) extends the thermal isolation as an additional clothing layer. The DAC-S insulation should be less to avoid this drawback at the beginning of work before the advantages of the microclimate cooling occur with increasing metabolic heat production.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs sweat production is the essential prerequisite for evaporation, the fluid balance must be adjusted through a sufficient drinking regime. In the present study, the participants showed a dehydration in both test conditions, as measured by the differences between the amounts of sweating and drinking. As a result, the participants\u0026rsquo; fluid intake should be increased and adjusted to the sweat loss of 1350\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;347 ml during an exposure time of 205 min in the interval cooling condition of this study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA limitation of our study is that only male test subjects were included. Further studies of female participants would be necessary to determine any gender differences.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eEvaporative heat loss is the most effective way of heat dissipation even with thermally insulated protective clothing, which is further enhanced by DAC microclimate cooling to prevent body heat accumulation and diminish the risk of life-threatening exertional heat illnesses. This study demonstrated the applicability of this microclimate cooling method with an interval strategy for tasks requiring freedom of movement, such as industrial work or military operations. Wearers of thermally insulating protective clothing can work with full mobility and without a restricting hose for cooling purposes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn a real work situation, the effectiveness of personnel exposed to heat stress in protective clothing can be improved by an alternating work-rest schedule at a ratio of 1:1. During cooling breaks, work can be performed by personnel who have previously used the microclimate cooling facility. Thus, interval cooling reduces the time-consuming and labour-intensive dressing and undressing of protective clothing. As the tolerance time for overall heat exposure can be substantially extended, the required number of personnel can be reduced. In particular, the preventive medical aspect, namely the avoidance of heat illness, is taken into account.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAll uncommon abbreviations are introduced when mentioned in the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe volunteers gave their informed written consent to participate in this study. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Association of the Federal State Rhineland-Palatinate [reference number 837.526.13 (9211), 15.04.2014].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to testing, each person was medically examined (including resting and exercise ECG) and familiarised with the test procedures. A further medical interview or, if deemed necessary by the physician overseeing medical safety (medical supervisor), a medical check-up was conducted before test repetition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“Not applicable”, while this manuscript does not contain data from any individual person.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study data were collected in compliance with the data protection rules of the German General Data Protection Regulation (DSGVO). Thus, the use and processing of these data in the context of preparation of this publication follows legal provisions of the EU, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the special provisions of the German Armed Forces. As a consequence, the datasets cannot be shared openly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eFunding\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted at the Bundeswehr Institute of Preventive Medicine, a departmental research institution of the Federal Ministry of Defence of the Federal Republic of Germany. The study was financed from the budget of this Ministry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAuthors' contributions of the final version\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLiterature research:\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;KJG, MAH\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethodology:\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;KJG, SF, US, UR, AW\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExperimental part:\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;SF, US, UR, KJG\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormal analysis:\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;KJG, SF, US, AW\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWriting or revision:\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;KJG, UR, AW, MAH\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEditing:\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;KJG, SF, US, UR, AW, MAH\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupervision:\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;MAH\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors of the final version (KJG, SF, US, UR, AW, MAH) read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe late Prof. Dr. Claus Piekarski had agreed to an earlier version.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to thank the former director of the Bundeswehr Institute of Preventive Medicine, Prof. Dr. Dr. Dieter Leyk, for his support of the study and his part in the preparation of the manuscript. It is acknowledged that he has waived co-authorship of this final version.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors extend their sincere thanks to Edward D. Michaelson MD FACP FCCP FAASM (Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA) for language revision and to Michael Demuss and Matthias Krapick (both: Bundeswehr Institute of Preventive Medicine) for their professional collaboration and excellent data management in the development of this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDedication\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors dedicate this article to the memory of the late Prof. Dr. Claus Piekarski with deep solidarity and gratitude. With his experience and his advice, he had a long-term influence on our thermal physiological research and on this study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDorman LE, Havenith G. 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Real-time core body temperature estimation from heart rate for first responders wearing different levels of personal protective equipment. Ergonomics. 2015;58:1830\u0026ndash;41. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1080/00140139.2015.1036792\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1080/00140139.2015.1036792\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-occupational-medicine-and-toxicology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jmet","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology](http://occup-med.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12995","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12995/3","title":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"exertional heat illness, heat stress, sweat evaporation, microclimate interval cooling, Dry Air Comfort (DAC)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6295166/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6295166/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThermal insulating protective clothing impedes sweat evaporation, the most substantial way of heat dissipation for working humans. As a consequence, metabolic heat can increase body core temperature rapidly, which can result in life-threatening heat illnesses. The evaporative microclimate cooling method Dry Air Comfort (DAC) has been shown to be very effective for reducing the risk of heat induced illnesses. Aim of this study was to determine whether DAC can also prevent heat stress when used in intervals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsing a balanced within-subject design twelve men in protective overalls were randomly assigned (max. 205 min, 25 °C, 50 % relative humidity/RH, 0.2 m/s wind speed) to a work-rest schedule (5x20 min work respectively rest each; work: treadmill, 3 km/h, 5 % incline; handling of loads) without (permanently warm condition) and with insufflating conditioned air (30 °C, \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 3 % RH, 600 l/min) into an air-diffusing undergarment during rest periods (interval cooling condition).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the interval cooling condition all participants tolerated the whole exposure time never exceeding a core temperature of 38.0 °C. In contrast, in the permanently warm condition eight subjects had to terminate work because of high core temperatures (39 °C, n = 5), subjective exhaustion or reaching 90 % of the maximum individual heart rate (HR; n = 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHR decline was significantly more pronounced during rest periods during interval cooling, indicating significant recovery: e.g., 105.1±17.0 b/min vs. 149.7±15.5 b/min (rest 4, 165. min vs. work 4, 145. min, n = 12). During permanently warm HR showed only minor recovery: e.g., 138.4±15.0 b/min vs. 158.7±12.3 b/min (rest 4, 165. min vs. work 4, 145. min, n = 8) and exceeded the level of HR in rest periods of interval cooling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll other parameters (core/skin temperatures, ratings of perceived exertion, heat burden) indicated significantly lower heat stress and distinctive heat dissipation during rests in the interval cooling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterval heat evaporation during rests periods with the microclimate cooling method DAC was shown to be effective in preventing body heat accumulation during alternating work-rest cycles. The method can improve occupational health and safety of men working in thermal protective clothing.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Evaporative microclimate interval cooling impressively reduces heat stress in thermal insulating protective clothing","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-14 23:26:51","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6295166/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-04-28T09:24:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-25T19:26:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-20T19:27:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"156407456585789591322295186534106991614","date":"2025-04-17T09:50:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"109267110505566020190566295819294690917","date":"2025-04-10T11:57:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-03-26T11:13:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-03-25T08:08:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-03-25T06:33:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","date":"2025-03-24T11:57:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-occupational-medicine-and-toxicology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jmet","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology](http://occup-med.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12995","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12995/3","title":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ac294042-1271-416d-b327-37e2e09dfe11","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 14th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-20T16:06:41+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6295166","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-025-00473-6","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-occupational-medicine-and-toxicology","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology"},"publishedOn":"2025-10-13 15:57:53","publishedOnDateReadable":"October 13th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-14 23:26:51","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12995-025-00473-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-025-00473-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6295166","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6295166","identity":"rs-6295166","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}