Endometriosis Should Be Suppressed for 6–12 Weeks before Frozen Embryo Transfer

In: 50 Big Debates in Reproductive Medicine · 2021 · pp. 109–110 · doi:10.1017/9781108986373.042 · W3215220754
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AI-generated summary by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-16

Endometriosis-associated infertility did not negatively impact IVF outcomes due to reduced endometrial receptivity, and GnRH agonist suppression before frozen embryo transfer is unnecessary and potentially harmful.

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This chapter examines whether endometriosis requires long-term suppression with GnRH agonists before frozen embryo transfer (FET), in the context of IVF outcomes in women with endometriosis-associated infertility. Drawing on evidence from IVF crossover studies using donor and patient oocytes, it argues that any inferior IVF outcomes in endometriosis are more attributable to reduced oocyte/embryo quality than to impaired endometrial receptivity, and that embryos selected for thawed transfer perform similarly in endometriosis regardless of endometrial preparation. The major caveat stated is that long-term GnRH agonist suppression before FET is framed as unnecessary and potentially harmful, with risk highlighted for induction of endometritis. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it argues that endometriosis suppression for 6–12 weeks before frozen embryo transfer is unnecessary and may be harmful.

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Abstract

Endometriosis-associated infertility is a common indication for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment. There is great controversy regarding the outcome of IVF in such patients. Possibly inferior results compared with other indications for IVF are likely based on reduced oocyte and embryo quality and not adverse endometrial receptivity. Such knowledge is based on IVF crossover studies with donor oocytes and patient’s own oocytes to women with and without endometriosis. Embryos that are frozen and later thawed for transfer to the uterus are selected among the best embryos in a fresh cycle. Transfer of such embryos is as successful in endometriosis as in other causes of infertility whatever endometrial preparation is used. Thus, long-term suppression of endometriosis with GnRH agonists in frozen embryo transfer is unnecessary and may possibly be harmful due to induction of endometritis.
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- 50 Big Debates in Reproductive Medicine - Series page - 50 Big Debates in Reproductive Medicine - Copyright page - Contents - Contributors - Foreword - Introduction - Section I Limits for IVF - Section II IVF Add-ons - Section III The Best Policy - 14A IVF Should Be First-Line Treatment for Unexplained Infertility of Two Years Duration - 14B IVF Should Be First-Line Treatment for Unexplained Infertility of Two Years Duration - 15A Single Embryo Transfer Should Be Performed in All IVF Cycles - 15B Single-Embryo Transfer Should Be Performed in All IVF Cycles - 16A The Freezing of All Embryos Should Be Used for All IVF Cycles - 16B The Freezing of All Embryos Should Be Used for All IVF Cycles - 17A Luteal-Phase Support Should Be Stopped at the Time of a Positive Pregnancy Test - 17B Luteal Phase Support Should Be Stopped at the Time of a Positive Pregnancy Test - 18A A Natural Cycle Is the Best Protocol for Frozen Embryo Replacement - 18B A Natural Cycle Is the Best Protocol for Frozen Embryo Replacement - 19A All Pregnancies Conceived by IVF Should Be Delivered by Caesarean Section - 19B All Pregnancies Conceived by IVF Should Be Delivered by Caesarean Section - 20A Endometriosis Should Be Suppressed for 6–12 Weeks before Frozen Embryo Transfer - 20B Endometriosis Should Be Suppressed for 6–12 Weeks before Frozen Embryo Transfer - 21A Infertile Patients with Endometriosis Benefit from Surgery - 21B Infertile Patients with Endometriosis Benefit from Surgery - 22A Intramural Fibroids Greater than 4 cm in Diameter Should Be Removed to Aid Fertility - 22B Intramural Fibroids Greater than 4 cm in Diameter Should Be Removed to Aid Fertility - 23A All Infertile Women with a Uterine Septum Should Have a Surgical Removal - 23B All Infertile Women with a Uterine Septum Should Have a Surgical Removal - Section IV Embryology - Section V Ethics and Statistics - Section VI Male-factor Infertility - Section VII Genetics - Section VIII Ovarian Stimulation - Section IX Hormones and the Environment - Index - References Against from Section III - The Best Policy Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 November 2021 Book contents - 50 Big Debates in Reproductive Medicine - Series page - 50 Big Debates in Reproductive Medicine - Copyright page - Contents - Contributors - Foreword - Introduction - Section I Limits for IVF - Section II IVF Add-ons - Section III The Best Policy - 14A IVF Should Be First-Line Treatment for Unexplained Infertility of Two Years Duration - 14B IVF Should Be First-Line Treatment for Unexplained Infertility of Two Years Duration - 15A Single Embryo Transfer Should Be Performed in All IVF Cycles - 15B Single-Embryo Transfer Should Be Performed in All IVF Cycles - 16A The Freezing of All Embryos Should Be Used for All IVF Cycles - 16B The Freezing of All Embryos Should Be Used for All IVF Cycles - 17A Luteal-Phase Support Should Be Stopped at the Time of a Positive Pregnancy Test - 17B Luteal Phase Support Should Be Stopped at the Time of a Positive Pregnancy Test - 18A A Natural Cycle Is the Best Protocol for Frozen Embryo Replacement - 18B A Natural Cycle Is the Best Protocol for Frozen Embryo Replacement - 19A All Pregnancies Conceived by IVF Should Be Delivered by Caesarean Section - 19B All Pregnancies Conceived by IVF Should Be Delivered by Caesarean Section - 20A Endometriosis Should Be Suppressed for 6–12 Weeks before Frozen Embryo Transfer - 20B Endometriosis Should Be Suppressed for 6–12 Weeks before Frozen Embryo Transfer - 21A Infertile Patients with Endometriosis Benefit from Surgery - 21B Infertile Patients with Endometriosis Benefit from Surgery - 22A Intramural Fibroids Greater than 4 cm in Diameter Should Be Removed to Aid Fertility - 22B Intramural Fibroids Greater than 4 cm in Diameter Should Be Removed to Aid Fertility - 23A All Infertile Women with a Uterine Septum Should Have a Surgical Removal - 23B All Infertile Women with a Uterine Septum Should Have a Surgical Removal - Section IV Embryology - Section V Ethics and Statistics - Section VI Male-factor Infertility - Section VII Genetics - Section VIII Ovarian Stimulation - Section IX Hormones and the Environment - Index - References Endometriosis-associated infertility is a common indication for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment. There is great controversy regarding the outcome of IVF in such patients. Possibly inferior results compared with other indications for IVF are likely based on reduced oocyte and embryo quality and not adverse endometrial receptivity. Such knowledge is based on IVF crossover studies with donor oocytes and patient’s own oocytes to women with and without endometriosis. Embryos that are frozen and later thawed for transfer to the uterus are selected among the best embryos in a fresh cycle. Transfer of such embryos is as successful in endometriosis as in other causes of infertility whatever endometrial preparation is used. Thus, long-term suppression of endometriosis with GnRH agonists in frozen embryo transfer is unnecessary and may possibly be harmful due to induction of endometritis. - Type - Chapter - Information - 50 Big Debates in Reproductive Medicine , pp. 109 - 110Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021 Georgiou, EX, Melo, P, Baker, PE, et al. Long-term GnRH agonist therapy before in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for improving fertility outcomes in women with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;11:CD013240.Google Scholar Senapati, S, Sammel, MD, Morse, C, Barnhart, KT. Impact of endometriosis on in vitro fertilization outcomes: an evaluation of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technologies Database. Fertil Steril. 2016;106:164–71.e1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Ghobara, T, Gelbaya, TA, Ayeleke, RO. Cycle regimens for frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;7:CD003414.Google ScholarPubMed Roque, M, Haahr, T, Geber, S, Esteves, SC, Humaidan, P. Fresh versus elective frozen embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of reproductive outcomes. Hum Reprod Update. 2019;25:2–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Khan, KN, Fujishita, A, Hiraki, K, et al. Bacterial contamination hypothesis: a new concept in endometriosis. Reprod Med Biol. 2018;17:125–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Accessibility compliance for the HTML of this chapter is currently unknown and may be updated in the future. To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle. Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. 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endometriosisinfertility

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