Adenomyosis in Adolescence

In: Endometriosis and Adenomyosis · 2022 · pp. 481–488 · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97236-3_35 · W4285288051
book-chapter OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 2 in-corpus citations
Full text JSON View on OpenAlex View at publisher
AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite+body, 2026-07-09

Adenomyosis's role in adolescent dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and diagnosis difficulties are discussed, considering it a potential cause in young patients with menstruation-related symptoms.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 · read from full text

The chapter examines adenomyosis in adolescents, noting that its incidence is unknown and that it is unclear whether adenomyosis causes dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and pelvic pain in this population. It describes that adenomyosis diagnosis is generally difficult because the typical clinical, sonographic, and radiologic signs may be absent or less evident in very young patients, making the condition “almost invisible” during examination. It further frames adenomyosis as possibly starting in early reproductive life and outlines diagnostic and therapeutic options specifically for adolescents, while acknowledging the key limitation that incidence and causal role remain uncertain. This paper is centrally about adenomyosis in adolescence — focusing on how adenomyosis may present and be diagnosed in adolescents and its potential role in menstruation-related symptoms.

Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works

Full text 10,218 characters · extracted from oa-doi-fallback · 2 sections · click to expand

Abstract

The incidence of adenomyosis in adolescents is unknown. It appears probable but remains unclear if adenomyosis plays a role as a cause of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and pelvic pain in adolescents. The diagnosis of adenomyosis in general is difficult. Additionally, the typical diagnostic signs of adenomyosis in clinical, sonographic, and radiologic examination might be missing in very young patients. This makes the disease almost invisible for the examiner. Presuming that the disease adenomyosis might start in the early reproductive life, it is of importance to consider adenomyosis as a possible cause of menstruation-related symptoms in adolescents. The following chapter describes the diagnostic and therapeutic options regarding the particular situation of an adolescent. Access this chapter Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Similar content being viewed by others Change history 10 September 2022 Correction to:

References

Yu O, Schulze-Rath R, Grafton J, Hansen K, Scholes D, Reed SD. Adenomyosis incidence, prevalence and treatment: United States population-based study 2006–2015. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;223(1):94.e1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.01.016. Epub 2020 Jan 15. PMID: 31954156. Myszko O, Al-Husayni N, Talib HJ. Painful periods in the adolescent girl. Pediatr Ann. 2020;49(4):e176–82. https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20200318-01. PMID: 32275762. Krentel H, Cezar C, Becker S, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Tanos V, Wallwiener M, De Wilde RL. From clinical symptoms to MR imaging: diagnostic steps in adenomyosis. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:1514029. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1514029. Epub 2017 Dec 4. PMID: 29349064; PMCID: PMC5733957. Andres MP, Borrelli GM, Ribeiro J, Baracat EC, Abrão MS, Kho RM. Transvaginal ultrasound for the diagnosis of adenomyosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2018;25(2):257–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2017.08.653. Epub 2017 Aug 30. PMID: 28864044. Bazot M, Daraï E. Role of transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of uterine adenomyosis. Fertil Steril. 2018;109(3):389–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.024. PMID: 29566851. Dakhly DM, Abdel Moety GA, Saber W, Gad Allah SH, Hashem AT, Abdel Salam LO. Accuracy of hysteroscopic endomyometrial biopsy in diagnosis of adenomyosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2016;23(3):364–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2015.11.004. Epub 2015 Nov 12. PMID: 26581187. Jeng CJ, Huang SH, Shen J, Chou CS, Tzeng CR. Laparoscopy-guided myometrial biopsy in the definite diagnosis of diffuse adenomyosis. Hum Reprod. 2007;22(7):2016–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem084. Epub 2007 Apr 11. PMID: 17428879. Movilla P, Morris S, Isaacson K. A systematic review of tissue sampling techniques for the diagnosis of adenomyosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2020;27(2):344–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.001. Epub 2019 Sep 6. PMID: 31499191. Burghaus S, Schäfer SD, Beckmann MW, Brandes I, Brünahl C, Chvatal R, Drahonovsky J, Dudek W, Ebert A, Fahlbusch C, Fehm T, Fehr PM, Hack CC, Häuser W, Hancke K, Heinecke V, Horn LC, Houbois C, Klapp C, Kramer H, Krentel H, Langrehr J, Matuschewski H, Mayer I, Mechsner S, Müller A, Müller A, Müller M, Oppelt P, Papathemelis T, Renner SP, Schmidt D, Schüring A, Schweppe KW, Seeber B, Siedentopf F, Sirbu H, Soeffge D, Weidner K, Zraik I, Ulrich UA. Diagnostic and therapy of endometriosis. Guideline of the DGGG, SGGG and OEGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF-Registry Number 015/045, August 2020. Martire FG, Lazzeri L, Conway F, Siciliano T, Pietropolli A, Piccione E, Solima E, Centini G, Zupi E, Exacoustos C. Adolescence and endometriosis: symptoms, ultrasound signs and early diagnosis. Fertil Steril. 2020;114(5):1049–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.06.012. Epub 2020 Oct 6. PMID: 33036795. Bazot M, Cortez A, Darai E, Rouger J, Chopier J, Antoine JM, Uzan S. Ultrasonography compared with magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of adenomyosis: correlation with histopathology. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(11):2427–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/16.11.2427. PMID: 11679533. Novellas S, Chassang M, Delotte J, Toullalan O, Chevallier A, Bouaziz J, Chevallier P. MRI characteristics of the uterine junctional zone: from normal to the diagnosis of adenomyosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011;196(5):1206–13. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.10.4877. PMID: 21512093. Acién P, Acién M, Fernández F, José Mayol M, Aranda I. The cavitated accessory uterine mass: a Müllerian anomaly in women with an otherwise normal uterus. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116(5):1101–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181f7e735. PMID: 20966695. Acién P, Sánchez del Campo F, Mayol MJ, Acién M. The female gubernaculum: role in the embryology and development of the genital tract and in the possible genesis of malformations. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011;159(2):426–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.07.040. PMID: 21831509. Acién P, Bataller A, Fernández F, Acién M, Rodríguez JM, Mayol MJ. New cases of accessory and cavitated uterine masses (ACUM): a significant cause of severe dysmenorrhea and recurrent pelvic pain in young women. Hum Reprod. 2012;27(3):683–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/der471. PMID: 22252088. Dueholm M. Minimally invasive treatment of adenomyosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;51:119–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.01.016. Epub 2018 Feb 15. PMID: 29555380. Gordts S, Campo R, Brosens I. Hysteroscopic diagnosis and excision of myometrial cystic adenomyosis. Gynecol Surg. 2014;11(4):273–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10397-014-0861-5. Epub 2014 Oct 3. PMID: 25419204; PMCID: PMC4237909. Protopapas A, Kypriotis K, Chatzipapas I, Kathopoulis N, Sotiropoulou M, Michala L. Juvenile cystic adenomyoma vs blind uterine horn: challenges in the diagnosis and surgical management. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2020;33(6):735–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2020.08.010. Epub 2020 Aug 20. PMID: 32827760. Brosens I, Gordts S, Habiba M, Benagiano G. Uterine cystic adenomyosis: a disease of younger women. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2015;28(6):420–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2014.05.008. Epub 2014 May 28. PMID: 26049940. Dueholm M. Uterine adenomyosis and infertility, review of reproductive outcome after in vitro fertilization and surgery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(6):715–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13158. PMID: 28556124. Zhang L, Rao F, Setzen R. High intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of adenomyosis: selection criteria, efficacy, safety and fertility. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(6):707–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13159. PMID: 28437003. Osuga Y, Hayashi K, Kanda S. Long-term use of dienogest for the treatment of primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2020;46(4):606–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.14209. Epub 2020 Feb 12. PMID: 32050307. Nirgianakis K, Vaineau C, Agliati L, McKinnon B, Gasparri ML, Mueller MD. Risk factors for non-response and discontinuation of Dienogest in endometriosis patients: a cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021;100(1):30–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13969. Epub 2020 Sep 18. PMID: 32767677. Matsubara S, Kawaguchi R, Akinishi M, Nagayasu M, Iwai K, Niiro E, Yamada Y, Tanase Y, Kobayashi H. Subtype I (intrinsic) adenomyosis is an independent risk factor for dienogest-related serious unpredictable bleeding in patients with symptomatic adenomyosis. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):17654. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54096-z. PMID: 31776404; PMCID: PMC6881344. Nishino K, Hayashi K, Chaya J, Kato N, Yamamuro O. Effective salvage of acute massive uterine bleeding using intrauterine balloon tamponade in a uterine adenomyosis patient on dienogest. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2013;39(3):738–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.02005.x. Epub 2012 Sep 25. PMID: 23003209. Nagata C, Yanagida S, Okamoto A, Morikawa A, Sugimoto K, Okamoto S, Ochiai K, Tanaka T. Risk factors of treatment discontinuation due to uterine bleeding in adenomyosis patients treated with dienogest. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2012;38(4):639–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01778.x. Epub 2012 Mar 13. PMID: 22413833. Mansouri R, Santos XM, Bercaw-Pratt JL, Dietrich JE. Regression of adenomyosis on magnetic resonance imaging after a course of hormonal suppression in adolescents: a case series. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2015;28(6):437–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2014.12.009. Epub 2014 Dec 29. PMID: 26233288. Imai A, Matsunami K, Takagi H, Ichigo S. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device used for dysmenorrhea: five-year literature review. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2014;41(5):495–8. PMID: 25864246. Park DS, Kim ML, Song T, Yun BS, Kim MK, Jun HS, Seong SJ. Clinical experiences of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in patients with large symptomatic adenomyosis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;54(4):412–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2014.05.009. PMID: 26384061. Youm J, Lee HJ, Kim SK, Kim H, Jee BC. Factors affecting the spontaneous expulsion of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014;126(2):165–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.02.017. Epub 2014 Apr 18. PMID: 24825498. Hung YC, Westfal ML, Chang DC, Kelleher CM. Lack of data-driven treatment guidelines and wide variation in management of chronic pelvic pain in adolescents and young adults. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2020;33(4):349–53.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2020.03.009. Epub 2020 Apr 4. PMID: 32259629. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Editor information Editors and Affiliations Rights and permissions Copyright information © 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG About this chapter Cite this chapter Krentel, H., Acien, M. (2022). Adenomyosis in Adolescence. In: Oral, E. (eds) Endometriosis and Adenomyosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97236-3_35 Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97236-3_35 Published: Publisher Name: Springer, Cham Print ISBN: 978-3-030-97235-6 Online ISBN: 978-3-030-97236-3 eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: oa-doi-fallback

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Condition tags

adenomyosis

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (30)

Cited by (2)

Source provenance

openalex
last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
unpaywall
last seen: 2026-08-25T06:41:39.333708+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK