Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis reduce faecal protein catabolites concentration and odour in dogs

Abstract Background: Direct-fed microbials (DFM), such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis , may improve gut functionality of the host by favouring non-pathogenic bacteria and reducing the formation of putrefactive compounds. The aim of this study was to assess the nutrient digestibility, faecal characteristics and intestinal-fermentation products in dogs fed diets with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis . Sixteen dogs were randomly divided into two groups. Every eight dogs were fed with the control diet or the diet with the addition of 62.5 g of DFM ( B. subtilis and B. licheniformis )/ton. Diets were provided throughout a twenty-day adaptation period, followed by five days of total faecal collection. Nutrient digestibility and the metabolisable energy of the diets, plus the dogs’ faecal characteristics and intestinal fermentation products were assessed. Results: There were no differences in nutrient digestibility ( P > 0.05). However, DFM supplementation improved faecal score and resulted in less fetid faeces ( P < 0.001). DFM inclusion reduced ( P < 0.05) the biogenic amines concentration: putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine, besides the concentration of phenols and quinoline. Conclusions: The use of B. subtillis and B. licheniformis as DFM reduce the concentration of nitrogen fermentation products in faeces and faecal odour, but the digestibility of nutrients is not altered in dogs.