Investigating Antifungal Effect of Metal Oxide NPs and Carbon Nanodots Synthesized via Green Routes for Candida albicans

Investigating Antifungal Effect of Metal Oxide NPs and Carbon Nanodots Synthesized via Green Routes for Candida albicans | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Investigating Antifungal Effect of Metal Oxide NPs and Carbon Nanodots Synthesized via Green Routes for Candida albicans Satya Singh, Himanshi Chauhan, Himanshi Yadav, Vivek Hada, Kumari Neha Singh This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4725369/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Fascination using green synthesis methods is growing rapidly, attracting researchers to seek safer and more biocompatible processes for nanoparticle production. This study introduces a pioneering approach to crafting and investigating the antifungal effect of environmentally friendly carbon dots (organic materials) prepared from neem, rosemary, magnesium oxide (MgO), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (inorganic materials). MgO nanoparticles were synthesized using a Salvia hispanica (chia seed) extract. In contrast, ZnO nanoparticles were prepared from zinc acetate dihydrate and an aqueous extract of Dahlia pinnata leaves. Stable carbon nanodots were prepared from Azadirachta Indica leaves (commonly known as neem leaves) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves (commonly known as rosemary leaves). This research delves into the intricate mechanisms governing their efficacy, offering insights into their potential therapeutic applications against microbial illnesses. The study illuminates their structural and functional attributes by employing various characterization methods, including FTIR, SEM, DLS, XRD, UV-vis-nir, and zeta potential. Moreover, it underscores the versatility of these materials in biomedical and environmental realms, highlighting their potential for various applications. Using the crystal violet bioassay method, we evaluated their antifungal potential against Candida albicans biofilm production. This study reveals the significant antifungal properties of these nanomaterials, hinting at their potential in combating fungal infections and advancing the fight against microbial threats. We collected three Candida albicans isolates recovered from clinical samples and examined the antifungal effect of carbon nanodots, MgO, and ZnO NPs by varying their concentrations. We coated the microtiter plate with 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT) and then coated it with the nanodots. We observed a significant efficacy at higher concentrations. Our study unveils this unexplored area, which has been quite mysterious and more or less not understood scientifically, particularly at the molecular scale. However, it has been a traditional practice for many centuries in certain parts of the world, especially in India, where extracts prepared using plant parts, such as leaves, roots, stems, and flowers, have been used for healing and recovery from certain diseases, such as chicken pox and smallpox. Biological sciences/Biochemistry Biological sciences/Biophysics Biological sciences/Microbiology Health sciences/Medical research Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology Physical sciences/Optics and photonics Physical sciences/Physics MgO NPs ZnO NPs Salvia Hispanica Dahlia Pinnata Carbon nanodots Azadirachta Indica Rosmarinus officinalis L. Physio-chemio-sorption Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4725369","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":333322495,"identity":"e748f4ee-b987-491e-8577-dbec180846fd","order_by":0,"name":"Satya Singh","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Satya","middleName":"","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""},{"id":333322496,"identity":"21bf660a-3b08-4b19-8328-88f321f0ac34","order_by":1,"name":"Himanshi Chauhan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Himanshi","middleName":"","lastName":"Chauhan","suffix":""},{"id":333322497,"identity":"e94a6de6-bf9d-4584-a711-bc02621f690e","order_by":2,"name":"Himanshi Yadav","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Himanshi","middleName":"","lastName":"Yadav","suffix":""},{"id":333322498,"identity":"fa73004e-5357-4080-b695-b8a8b3054839","order_by":3,"name":"Vivek Hada","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vivek","middleName":"","lastName":"Hada","suffix":""},{"id":333322499,"identity":"7a808bb5-eb1f-47fb-86b4-7f7f49756a00","order_by":4,"name":"Kumari Neha Singh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kumari","middleName":"Neha","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-11 16:08:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4725369/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4725369/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":61453291,"identity":"a8dcb7d4-9ed6-40f1-beb0-9fa8eb7c2667","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-31 02:38:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1741740,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SREPManuscriptV.1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4725369/v1_covered_83f16f1f-6b8a-4237-b98f-7ff4162c616f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Investigating Antifungal Effect of Metal Oxide NPs and Carbon Nanodots Synthesized via Green Routes for Candida albicans","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"MgO NPs, ZnO NPs, Salvia Hispanica, Dahlia Pinnata, Carbon nanodots, Azadirachta Indica, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Physio-chemio-sorption","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4725369/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4725369/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eFascination using green synthesis methods is growing rapidly, attracting researchers to seek safer and more biocompatible processes for nanoparticle production. This study introduces a pioneering approach to crafting and investigating the antifungal effect of environmentally friendly carbon dots (organic materials) prepared from neem, rosemary, magnesium oxide (MgO), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (inorganic materials). MgO nanoparticles were synthesized using a Salvia hispanica (chia seed) extract. In contrast, ZnO nanoparticles were prepared from zinc acetate dihydrate and an aqueous extract of Dahlia pinnata leaves. Stable carbon nanodots were prepared from Azadirachta Indica leaves (commonly known as neem leaves) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves (commonly known as rosemary leaves). This research delves into the intricate mechanisms governing their efficacy, offering insights into their potential therapeutic applications against microbial illnesses. The study illuminates their structural and functional attributes by employing various characterization methods, including FTIR, SEM, DLS, XRD, UV-vis-nir, and zeta potential. 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