A systematic review of climate-change driven range shifts in mosquito vectors

A systematic review of climate-change driven range shifts in mosquito vectors | bioRxiv /* */ /* */ <!-- <!-- /*! * yepnope1.5.4 * (c) WTFPL, GPLv2 */ (function(a,b,c){function d(a){return"[object Function]"==o.call(a)}function e(a){return"string"==typeof a}function f(){}function g(a){return!a||"loaded"==a||"complete"==a||"uninitialized"==a}function h(){var a=p.shift();q=1,a?a.t?m(function(){("c"==a.t?B.injectCss:B.injectJs)(a.s,0,a.a,a.x,a.e,1)},0):(a(),h()):q=0}function i(a,c,d,e,f,i,j){function k(b){if(!o&&g(l.readyState)&&(u.r=o=1,!q&&h(),l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=null,b)){"img"!=a&&m(function(){t.removeChild(l)},50);for(var d in y[c])y[c].hasOwnProperty(d)&&y[c][d].onload()}}var j=j||B.errorTimeout,l=b.createElement(a),o=0,r=0,u={t:d,s:c,e:f,a:i,x:j};1===y[c]&&(r=1,y[c]=[]),"object"==a?l.data=c:(l.src=c,l.type=a),l.width=l.height="0",l.onerror=l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=function(){k.call(this,r)},p.splice(e,0,u),"img"!=a&&(r||2===y[c]?(t.insertBefore(l,s?null:n),m(k,j)):y[c].push(l))}function j(a,b,c,d,f){return q=0,b=b||"j",e(a)?i("c"==b?v:u,a,b,this.i++,c,d,f):(p.splice(this.i++,0,a),1==p.length&&h()),this}function k(){var a=B;return a.loader={load:j,i:0},a}var l=b.documentElement,m=a.setTimeout,n=b.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o={}.toString,p=[],q=0,r="MozAppearance"in l.style,s=r&&!!b.createRange().compareNode,t=s?l:n.parentNode,l=a.opera&&"[object Opera]"==o.call(a.opera),l=!!b.attachEvent&&!l,u=r?"object":l?"script":"img",v=l?"script":u,w=Array.isArray||function(a){return"[object Array]"==o.call(a)},x=[],y={},z={timeout:function(a,b){return b.length&&(a.timeout=b[0]),a}},A,B;B=function(a){function b(a){var a=a.split("!"),b=x.length,c=a.pop(),d=a.length,c={url:c,origUrl:c,prefixes:a},e,f,g;for(f=0;f<d;f++)g=a[f].split("="),(e=z[g.shift()])&&(c=e(c,g));for(f=0;f<b;f++)c=x[f](c);return c}function g(a,e,f,g,h){var i=b(a),j=i.autoCallback;i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift(),i.bypass||(e&&(e=d(e)?e:e[a]||e[g]||e[a.split("/").pop().split("?")[0]]),i.instead?i.instead(a,e,f,g,h):(y[i.url]?i.noexec=!0:y[i.url]=1,f.load(i.url,i.forceCSS||!i.forceJS&&"css"==i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift()?"c":c,i.noexec,i.attrs,i.timeout),(d(e)||d(j))&&f.load(function(){k(),e&&e(i.origUrl,h,g),j&&j(i.origUrl,h,g),y[i.url]=2})))}function h(a,b){function c(a,c){if(a){if(e(a))c||(j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}),g(a,j,b,0,h);else if(Object(a)===a)for(n in m=function(){var b=0,c;for(c in a)a.hasOwnProperty(c)&&b++;return b}(),a)a.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(!c&&!--m&&(d(j)?j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}:j[n]=function(a){return function(){var b=[].slice.call(arguments);a&&a.apply(this,b),l()}}(k[n])),g(a[n],j,b,n,h))}else!c&&l()}var h=!!a.test,i=a.load||a.both,j=a.callback||f,k=j,l=a.complete||f,m,n;c(h?a.yep:a.nope,!!i),i&&c(i)}var i,j,l=this.yepnope.loader;if(e(a))g(a,0,l,0);else if(w(a))for(i=0;i (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];var j=d.createElement(s);var dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type='text/javascript';j.async=true;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M677548'); Skip to main content Home About Submit ALERTS / RSS Search for this keyword Advanced Search New Results A systematic review of climate-change driven range shifts in mosquito vectors View ORCID Profile Kelsey Lyberger , Anna Rose Robinson , View ORCID Profile Lisa Couper , View ORCID Profile Isabel Delwel , View ORCID Profile Caroline Glidden , Crystal Qian , Aja Burslem , Faith Fernandez , Benjamen Gao , Gabriella Garcia , Julio Gomez , Caspar Griffin , Stephanie Jackson , Annalisa King , Olivia Manes , Andrew Song , Edward Tran , View ORCID Profile Erin A. Mordecai doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.03.25.645279 Kelsey Lyberger 1 College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University , Mesa, AZ Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site ORCID record for Kelsey Lyberger For correspondence: kelsey.lyberger{at}asu.edu Anna Rose Robinson 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Lisa Couper 3 School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California , Berkeley Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site ORCID record for Lisa Couper Isabel Delwel 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site ORCID record for Isabel Delwel Caroline Glidden 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site ORCID record for Caroline Glidden Crystal Qian 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Aja Burslem 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Faith Fernandez 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Benjamen Gao 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Gabriella Garcia 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Julio Gomez 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Caspar Griffin 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Stephanie Jackson 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Annalisa King 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Olivia Manes 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Andrew Song 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Edward Tran 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Erin A. Mordecai 2 Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA Find this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site ORCID record for Erin A. Mordecai Abstract Full Text Info/History Metrics Supplementary material Preview PDF Abstract As global temperatures rise, concerns about shifting mosquito ranges—and accompanying changes in the transmission of malaria, dengue, and other diseases—are mounting. However, systematic evidence for climate-driven changes in mosquito ranges remains limited. We conducted a systematic review of studies documenting expansions or contractions in medically important mosquito species. In total, 178 studies on six continents identified range expansions in 118 mosquito species. While over a third of these studies cited warming as a driver, fewer than 10% performed statistical tests of the role of climate. Instead, most expansions were linked to human-aided dispersal (e.g., trade, travel), land-use changes, and urbanization. Although several studies reported poleward or upward expansions consistent with climate warming, none demonstrated warm-edge contractions driven by rising temperatures, which are theoretically predicted in some settings. Rather than expanding into newly suitable areas, many expansions appear to be filling preexisting thermally suitable habitats. Our findings highlight the need for long-term mosquito monitoring, rigorous climate-attribution methods, and better documentation of confounding factors like land-use change and vector control efforts to disentangle climate-driven changes from other anthropogenic factors. Introduction As anthropogenic carbon emissions continue to accelerate climate change, pervasive impacts are emerging on ecosystems, species distributions, and human health (IPCC AR6 WGII). In particular, climate change is causing escalating health threats due to exposure to climate extremes (e.g., heat waves and more intense storms), wildfires and their resulting smoke and toxic pollution, malnutrition and food insecurity, and climate-sensitive infectious diseases (Rocklöv et al. 2020, Rocklöv and Dubrow 2020 , Watts et al. 2021 , Childs et al. 2022 , Burke et al. 2023 , Franklinos et al. 2019 ). Although changes in vector-transmitted diseases were among some of the earliest hypothesized effects discussed in the literature on biological effects of climate change ( Martens et al. 1997 , Craig et al 1999 , Rogers and Randolph 2006 , Lafferty 2009 , Parham and Michael 2010 ), evidence of climate-driven changes in vector-borne disease transmission remains limited and mostly consists of future projections (e.g., Ryan et al. 2015 , Lippi et al. 2019 , Ryan et al. 2021 , Ryan et al. 2023 , Semenza et al. 2023, but see Carlson et al. 2023a). Drawing on ecological theory and empirical work showing that organisms respond nonlinearly to temperature, with both lower and upper thermal limits for life history traits, Lafferty (2009) argued that climate change would not drive expansions of infectious diseases but range shifts , characterized by expansions at cool-edge limits and contractions at warm-edge limits. Yet, the extent to which these predicted range shifts have been occurring remains unclear as we do not yet have systematic scientific evidence on the degree to which observed expansions or contractions in vectors and infectious diseases are linked to climate change. As ectotherms, the vectors of infectious diseases, including mosquitoes, ticks, flies, fleas, and other arthropods, are sensitive to temperature because it affects their vital rates, including development, survival, and reproduction ( Angilletta 2009 , Dell et al. 2011 , Rogers and Randolph 2006 ). For mosquitoes, in particular, evidence of nonlinear effects of temperature on life history traits, with performance inhibited beyond both lower and upper thermal limits, is clear from both laboratory experiments and field data on disease transmission ( Mordecai et al. 2019 ). Species distribution model studies, which aim to characterize the probability of species’ occurrence as a function of environmental variables using occurrence data from the field, consistently find temperature to be important in delimiting the species ranges of mosquitoes (e.g., Brady et al. 2014 , Cunze et al. 2016 , Messina et al. 2019 , Lippi et al. 2023 , Athni et al. 2024 ). Thus, theory predicts that, all else being equal, mosquito species should expand at their cooler range limits and contract at warmer range limits with climate change; however, other limiting factors such as habitat and host availability can also constrain range limits beyond physiological thermal limits ( Lippi et al. 2023 , Franklinos et al. 2019 ). Although expansions and shifts in mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, West Nile, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and others pose a major public health threat ( Rocklöv and Dubrow 2020 ), the extent to which climate-driven mosquito range expansions and shifts are already occurring due to climate warming remains an important scientific evidence gap. One study of Anopheles malaria vectors in Africa found that species ranges have shifted an average of 4.7 km polewards and 6.5 m upwards in elevation per year over the last century, consistent with hypothesized effects of climate change (Carlson et al. 2023a). Likewise, mosquito range expansions into high elevation regions above 2000 m have been documented in Nepal for Anopheles , Aedes , and Culex vectors of malaria, dengue, and other arboviruses, respectively, where outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases have also expanded dramatically (Dhimal et al. 2014a, Dhimal et al. 2014b, Dhimal et al. 2015 , as summarized in IPCC AR6 WGII Ch 2). However, in many cases, range expansions of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases have occurred in concert with land use change and socioeconomic factors that are concurrent with climate change, making it difficult to isolate the causal effects of climate change ( Franklinos et al. 2019 ). Beyond a few compelling case studies, major evidence gaps remain in whether mosquito range expansions are consistently occurring across species and geographic regions, whether they are attributable to climate change per se , and whether climate-driven range contractions are occurring at warm-edge limits. These knowledge gaps impede public health preparedness for emerging mosquito-borne disease outbreaks. In this systematic review we seek to address these gaps by: 1) synthesizing existing literature on mosquito range shifts, 2)determining the extent to which current literature attributes range shifts to climate change, 3) outlining alternative drivers of species range expansions, 4) synthesizing the speed of mosquito range expansions and its consequences for disease transmission, and 5) outlining the key open questions and future directions for understanding climate-driven vector range shifts. This review contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of current knowledge on the connections between climate, mosquito ecology, and public health, crucial for future prevention and intervention strategies and for climate policy. Methods Following best practices for systematic reviews, we pre-registered our literature search methods on OSF: https://osf.io/w4gmu . We conducted a systematic review of studies related to changes in mosquito ranges. Searches were conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science (Biosis, CABI, Zoological Record), Google Scholar, BioRxiv, and SciELO in April 2023 using the following search terms: ("range contraction*"[tw] OR "range expansion*"[tw] OR "range shift*"[tw] OR "northward expansion*"[tw] OR "elevation shift*"[tw] OR "elevational shift*"[tw] OR "altitude shift*"[tw] OR "altitudinal shift*"[tw] OR "first occurrence"[tw] OR "shifting distribution*"[tw] OR "distribution shift*"[tw] OR "expanding distribution*"[tw]) OR "distribution expan*"[tw] OR "contracting distribution*"[tw] OR "distribution contract*"[tw] OR "Animal Distribution"[Mesh]) AND ("Mosquito*"[tw] OR "Aedes"[tw] OR "Anopheles"[tw] OR "Culex"[tw] OR "Culicidae"[Mesh] OR "Mosquito Vectors"[Mesh]) AND ("English"[Language]). This search yielded 2356 studies after we removed duplicate records (see Fig. S1 for a flow chart of how studies were processed using the software platform Covidence in this systematic review). Studies that were selected for inclusion contained primary evidence of range expansions or contractions for a medically relevant mosquito vector species (including but not limited to those in the genera Aedes , Anopheles , and Culex ) and/or the pathogen(s) it transmits. Acceptable evidence of a range expansion was defined as new reports of a vector collected or recorded in the wild in a location outside the geographic range where it had previously been reported. Acceptable evidence of a range contraction was defined as systematic documentation of the absence of a vector species over a substantial period of time (i.e., multiple years) in surveys, locations, and times of the year in which it was previously found regularly. Studies that only presented a modeled projection of vector occurrence without primary empirical data were excluded. Reviews and evidence syntheses were excluded, but the sources they included were checked for possible inclusion. Study titles and abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers for inclusion or exclusion, with a third reviewer serving to resolve any conflicts. The 299 papers that passed the first screen were then read in full by two reviewers (Fig. S1). From these, the reviewers extracted the following information from the studies that met the inclusion criteria (n = 178): species name(s); study geographic location(s), with latitude and longitude points if available; study date(s); reference period date(s); vector collection methods; whether the study reports a range expansion, contraction, or both; distance or velocity of range movement; a narrative summary of the asserted causes of the range shift; a summary of the evidence used in attributing the causes. The reference period is defined as the historical period to which the species range is being compared, if stated. We summarized data using R version 4.1.1, quantifying the prevalence of different study characteristics using counts and percentages. To visualize study locations, we recorded the latitude and longitude of one representative study site per paper. If coordinates were not provided, we georeferenced the study location based on descriptions (e.g., city, region) and assigned coordinates to the geographic center of the reported area. Results and Discussion Overview of studies We identified 2,356 publications in our search and synthesized 178 studies that met our criteria. These studies encompassed 118 unique mosquito species that vector human diseases. The majority focused on Aedes species, particularly invasive mosquitoes such as Aedes albopictus , Aedes aegypti , and Aedes japonicus ( Fig. 1A ). Anopheles species also featured prominently, representing roughly a fifth of the studies, while Culex species accounted for 14%, and a small portion examined other genera (6%). Survey data for these studies spanned a large temporal range, using data from as far back as 1898, but most were conducted relatively recently, with a median sampling year of 2004 (Fig. S2). The studies were published between 1988 and 2023, with most appearing within the last decade ( Fig. 1B ). Geographically, the studies have a global reach, covering all continents except Antarctica, where mosquito vectors are not known to exist ( Fig. 1C ). North America and Europe dominate the study locations, with dense clusters in the Eastern United States and Western Europe. Despite their relatively small land area, islands account for a considerable fraction of studies (12%), likely because colonization events on islands represent clear instances of range expansion. Download figure Open in new tab Figure 1. (A) Fraction of studies by mosquito species investigated, with most common three labeled by genus and all others labeled as “Other”. (B) Publication year. (C) Locations where studies were conducted. Although climate change was often hypothesized as a contributing factor to mosquito range shifts, it was rarely tested through statistical analyses. Over a third of studies in this review (34%) discussed climate change as a potential contributing factor to changes in species distributions. However, the linkage between climate change and range shifts was typically described briefly and qualitatively, rather than through rigorous statistical analysis. Of the studies that discussed climate change, only 9% applied some form of quantitative analysis to test its impact on mosquito range shifts. This included a variety of approaches, such as generalized linear models (GLMs) that incorporate temperature variables (e.g., Campos 2011 , Gouagna et al. 2011 , Dhimal et al. 2014a, Mogi and Tuno 2014 ), though often without considering long-term temperature trends. Several studies performed spatial analyses and incorporated temperature variables into environmental niche models or climate envelope models ( Caminade et al. 2012 , Hopperstad and Reiskind 2016 , Kulkarni et al. 2016 , Salahi-Moghaddam et al. 2017 , Trajer et al. 2017 , Rubio et al. 2020 ). These studies used temperature data as a predictor in their models but generally did not disentangle the role of anthropogenic climate change from natural temperature variability. Another approach involved comparing recent mosquito range expansions to static isotherms, e.g., annual or cold month temperature thresholds ( Armstrong et al. 2017 , Zanotti et al. 2015 ). These studies assessed whether newly established populations fall within previously identified thermal limits, but did not analyze whether climate change was responsible for recent expansions, nor did they test whether isotherms themselves have shifted over time. Notably, all studies that provided statistical evidence for climate-driven expansions focused on Aedes or Anopheles spp. , with no comparable analyses for Culex . Although climate change was hypothesized as a driver for all three genera, the absence of statistical testing for Culex highlights an important gap in understanding their climate responses. Case studies with compelling evidence for climate change impacts Several studies provided clear evidence of warming-mediated mosquito range expansions using a variety of methods for data collection and analysis. A common goal among these studies was to establish both the occurrence of warming in a certain area and estimate the relationship between mosquito occurrence and temperature. We highlight three representative case studies that provided compelling evidence, as a means of outlining methodological approaches for attributing mosquito range shifts to climate change. One example is the southern expansion of Ae. aegypti in South America. Carbajo et al. (2019) examined the change in distribution of Ae. aegypti in Argentina by combining georeferenced public records spanning 1986 to 2017 with field surveys conducted in 14 cemeteries in 2017. They fit generalized linear mixed models that accounted for environmental variables such as mean annual air temperature, precipitation, altitude, and human population, to current and historic data and demonstrated a significant association between temperature and the mosquito’s distribution. A follow-up by Rubio et al. (2020) built on this work by conducting active field searches through the region in 2019, ultimately revealing a southwestern expansion to new cities. This expansion aligned with warming trends observed in the region and the future predictions made by Carbajo et al. (2019) . However, a limitation of this case study is that it remains unclear whether the new southernmost locations were surveyed during earlier periods when temperatures were unsuitable for mosquito survival—meaning that a true absence record is lacking. A second example is a study conducted by Mogi and Tuno (2014) on the northern limit of Ae. albopictus in Japan. Using long-term surveillance records since 1993, the researchers matched temperature data to the year the vector was sampled and applied a thermal suitability index to assess habitat suitability. Their analysis identified that both insufficient summer warmth and severe winter cold could limit Ae. albopictus presence. Although range expansion began in certain localities before rapid warming, the study found that warming has facilitated further northward expansion. This evidence suggests that warmer winters in particular have played a critical role in enabling this species to extend its range into previously unsuitable areas. The authors suggest that future studies fit multifactor climatic-niche models based on distribution data or physiological requirements of the mosquito. A third example is Pedrosa (2021), which documented the expansion of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus into high-elevation tropical cities in southeastern Brazil from 2009 to 2019, showing that their persistence depended on rising winter temperatures. Field surveys across multiple montane urban areas in 2009 and 2011 revealed stable populations above 1,000 meters, where these species were previously rare. Regression analyses indicated that while summer conditions have long been suitable, recent increases in winter minima have allowed populations to establish year-round. The study underscores how warming winters, rather than summer extremes, can drive mosquito range shifts into higher elevations. Following this expansion, dengue cases in the region increased sharply, with autochthonous infections becoming more frequent over time. Collectively, these studies include several features that enable compelling attribution of mosquito range expansions to climate change. First, robust evidence requires long-term datasets that capture both historic and current temperature and mosquito occurrence records. Such datasets can capture whether a species was previously limited in range by temperature (i.e., true negatives) but has recently expanded beyond that limit. Additionally, employing statistical analyses—whether through regression models, environmental niche models, or thermal suitability indices—that control for confounding factors like humidity and urbanization is essential to isolate the effect of climate warming. Finally, two of the three case studies ( Mogi and Tuno 2014 and Pedrosa 2021) examined specific temperature variables to identify that warming winter temperatures, potentially even more importantly than warming activity-season temperatures, have contributed substantially to Aedes spp. range expansions. In all three case studies, expansions of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus carry immediate risk for transmission of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and other arboviruses if they were introduced from endemic regions. Invasive Aedes albopictus , Aedes aegypti , and Aedes japonicus Studies involving the invasion of Aedes albopictus , Aedes aegypti , and/or Aedes japonicus japonicus made up more than a third (62) of the total studies. Most of these studies are new reports in areas that have always been thermally suitable and the documented range expansion is representative of the mosquito filling out its fundamental niche. Globally, Ae. aegypti frequently spreads via long-distance importation, into areas with pre-existing thermal suitability, while Ae. albopictus tends to expand outward along the fringes of its established range distribution ( Kraemer et al. 2019 ). Range expansion of Ae. japonicus is largely documented to occur with human movement, tourism, and urban expansion. In higher altitudes, Aditya et al. (2009) and Dhimal et al (2014a, 2015 ) documented Ae. aegypti presence at elevations above 2,000 m in the Himalayas, significantly higher than previous records at lower altitudes (e.g., Kurseong at 900m and Rongtong at 482m). The role of increased tourism and human movement in aiding dispersal, as suggested by these studies, is a key alternative driver of range shifts and will be explored in detail in the following section. However, some records show expansion of these invasive species northward and upward in elevation that may be due to climate change. Armstrong et al. (2017) studied Ae. Albopictus populations across a 20-year span at fixed trap sites in Connecticut. Mosquito abundance increased steadily from 2010 onward, with exceptions in 2013-2014 and 2015-2016—both colder winters. Correlating Ae. albopictus presence with a 0°C winter isotherm suggests that milder winters may improve overwintering survival and facilitate range expansion, consistent with the case studies discussed above ( Mogi and Tuno 2014 and Pedrosa 2021). In Austria, Bakran-Lebl et al. (2021) observed expansion patterns of Ae. albopictus, documenting northward shifts, with hypothesized expansion in other directions. Similarly, Ruiz-Lopez et al. (2016) reported altitudinal increases of Ae. albopictus in Colombia, linking these shifts to favorable conditions in higher elevation zones. Thus, while much of the spread of these globally invasive species has been into already suitable areas, the poleward and altitudinal directions of range expansions suggest the potential for climate change as a driver. Given the predominantly observational nature of these studies, future research should incorporate additional statistical analyses that more rigorously assess the role of climate change in these expansions. Alternative hypotheses for range expansion A total of 105 studies (60%) proposed alternative explanations for range expansion, many of which involved interrelated or interacting factors. The most commonly cited driver was dispersal, either through human-assisted movement via commerce and human transit (74 studies) or through extreme weather events (four studies) ( Table 1 ). These mechanisms facilitate long-distance transport and introduce mosquitoes to new regions where conditions may already be suitable for establishment. Ae. albopictus was most commonly discussed in the context of human-mediated dispersal with 18 studies hypothesizing that the observed expansion was due to trade of goods, especially tires and bamboo, and 19 studies hypothesizing that the expansion was due to increased human movement through development of roadways, railways, air travel, and maritime shipping. A number of other Aedes spp., including Ae. japanicus, Ae. bahamensis , Ae. keoricus, and Ae. scapularis , as well as the container-breeding Anopheles stephensi , are also believed to have experienced changes in distribution due to trade and human movement. Notably, all Aedes species in these studies are speculated to have spread specifically through the trade of tires and bamboo, whereas An. stephensi may have spread through the movement of livestock ( Carter et al. 2021 ) and, in some cases, fishing boats ( Gayan Dharmasiri et al. 2017 ). The evidence for these dispersal pathways was indirect and circumstantial, relying on associations with human activity rather than the tracking of mosquito movement. For instance, Alarcón-Elbal et al. (2014) inferred that Ae. albopictus spread through roadways based on the correlation between Ae. albopictus abundance and traffic volume, whereas other studies ( Cvetkovikj et al. 2020 , Fuehrer et al. 2020 ) drew similar conclusions based on anecdotal evidence that the species was frequently captured close to bus stations or railways. Finally, Culex spp. ( Cx. coronator, Cx. nigripalpus ) and Ae. bahamensis were thought to have dispersed via wind caused by extreme weather events, such as hurricanes ( Pafume et al. 1988 , Connelly et al. 2016 , Akaratovic and Kiser 2017 ). However, this was based on previous studies and the observation that adults were found in unexpected locations following storms (Akaratovic et al. 2022). Conclusively identifying the role of human-mediated dispersal may require mark-recapture or landscape genomic approaches (e.g., Marcantonio et al. 2019 ) View this table: View inline View popup Table 1. Alternative hypotheses for mosquito range expansion. Studies proposing non-climate explanations for observed range shifts are categorized by hypothesized mechanisms of expansion and species involved. Land-use change was the next most frequently cited factor potentially driving range expansions, mentioned in 34 studies (19%). Urbanization was the predominant type of land-use change linked to range expansion (31 studies), described in terms of both urban expansion and population growth. As cities expand, they create conditions that favor mosquito establishment, such as an abundance of artificial breeding sites (e.g., plastic bottles, tires), the development of urban heat islands, and inadequate sanitation. Aedes aegypti was most often associated with urbanization (16 studies), followed by Ae. albopictus (8 studies), other Aedes and Anopheles species, Cx. coronator , and Aedeomyia squamipennis ( Table 1 ). Other forms of land-use change implicated in range expansions included deforestation, wetland modification, and agricultural expansion or conversion. While most hypotheses involving land-use change were based on anecdotal evidence or previous studies, two studies provided quantitative evidence. Prioteasa and colleagues (2015) found that population size, a frequently used proxy for urbanization, was a strong predictor of Ae. albopictus presence. Qualls et al. (2022) incorporated land-use/land-cover variables and a long-term surveillance dataset in their analysis of Ae. taeniorhynchus distribution changes, finding that wetland restoration expanded mangrove swamp habitat, leading to a broader distribution of the species. Beyond dispersal and land-use change, researchers also proposed that changes in species ranges could be due to competition between Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus ( Bennet et al. 2021 , Hopperstad and Reiskind 2016 ) and lapses in vector control and/or development of insecticide resistance (Carlson et al. 2023a). Competition was believed to have displaced Ae. aegypti , as lab and field research indicates that Ae. albopictus can outcompete Ae. aegypti both through dominance of Ae. albopictus larvae in shared resource consumption and breeding interference ( Braks et al. 2004 , Gilotra et al, 1967 , Lounibos and Juliano 2018 ). Range contractions and reasons for them None of the studies we screened provided clear evidence of vector range contractions linked to climate warming. In total, 8 studies (4%) described observed contractions in vector distributions or reductions in abundance (e.g., through comparisons of historical and current surveillance records) ( Gouagna et al. 2011 , Dekoninck et al. 2013 , Kulkarni et al. 2016 , Lemine et al. 2017 , Salahi-Moghaddam et al. 2017 , Bennett et al. 2021 , Sawabe et al. 2021 , Qualls et al. 2022 ). Of these, one study did note a concurrent trend of increasing temperatures. Kulkarni et al. (2016) documented a contraction in the distribution of Anopheles arabiensis in lower altitude regions of Tanzania (and an expansion at higher altitude regions) between the 2001-2004 and 2014-2015 sampling periods. Further, annual mean temperature was found to have increased across this time period, and found to be a relatively strong predictor of shifting species distributions across the study region. However, this appears to be driven by the role of temperature in promoting vector suitability at the higher altitudes, as noted by the authors, “hot season temperature was associated with increasing suitability for An. arabiensis occurrence”, and the contractions at lower altitudes are described as being driven primarily by urbanization. The remaining 7 studies noting contractions either found no effect of temperature ( Salahi-Moghaddam et al. 2017 ) and/or did not investigate effects of temperature but described the drivers being competitive displacement by another mosquito species ( Bennett et al. 2021 ), precipitation ( Gouagna et al. 2011 ), and/or land use change ( Lemine et al. 2017 , Bennett et al. 2021 , Sawabe et al. 2021 , Qualls et al. 2022 ). Whether the lack of observed warming-related range contractions is due to methodological limitations and/or sampling effort (i.e., challenges in observing the absence of a species), a true lack of contractions (e.g., due to evolutionary or plastic adaptive responses), potentially lagged impacts of warming (e.g, ‘extinction debt’), or a lack of recognition that climate change may lead to temperatures above species’ upper thermal limits remains unclear ( Couper et al. 2021 , Couper et al. 2024 ). The speed of range expansion There were 16 studies (9%) that provided sufficient information to estimate the speed of mosquito range expansion. Most of the studies that reported poleward expansions observed rates between 2.5 and 13.6 km/year ( Bakran-Lebl et al. 2021 , Lemine et al. 2017 , Mogi and Tuno 2014 , Carlson et al. 2023a). Kraemer et al. (2019) was a notable outlier, reporting continent-scale expansions of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti at rates of 60, 150, and 250 km/year, roughly an order of magnitude higher than the other studies. Additionally, eight studies reported expansions in directions other than poleward and are likely unrelated to warming climates. In terms of altitudinal expansion, three studies ( Romiti et al. 2022 , Carlson et al. 2023a, Pinault and Hunter 2011 ) found that mosquito species are moving into higher elevations at rates ranging from 6.5 to 17 m/year. Both the poleward and elevational expansion rates documented for mosquitoes are substantially higher than those found in other taxa, where a meta-analysis by Chen et al. (2011) reported median rates of 1.7 km/year for latitudinal shifts and 1.1 m/year for altitudinal shifts. A key limitation of these speed estimates is that most were derived from a single distance measurement between the range edge in two surveys separated in time by a few years ( Klobučar et al. 2019 ) to several decades ( Lemine et al. 2017 ). However, some studies have taken a more robust approach, using multiple time points ( Bakran-Lebl et al. 2021 , Tavecchia et al. 2017 ) or regressions on long-term datasets ( Kraemer et al. 2019 , Carlson et al. 2023a). Another limitation is that the observed poleward and altitudinal expansions are not necessarily driven by climate change but could occur as species fill in areas already within their fundamental climatic niche, as several studies highlighted the role of long-distance importation ( Kraemer et al. 2019 ) and the "leapfrog" nature of mosquito dispersal ( Tavecchia et al. 2017 ). Furthermore, it is important to note that warming patterns are not uniform, with subtropical regions experiencing faster rates of warming and higher thermal extremes than the tropics. These nuanced changes in temperature regimes could significantly impact mosquito population dynamics and range expansion, beyond simple latitudinal trends. Consequences for disease transmission The expansion of mosquito ranges has significant consequences for the spread of vector-borne diseases, as novel occurrences of both pathogens and their vectors can emerge in previously unaffected areas. For instance, in both the mountains of Nepal (Dhimal et al. 2014a, 2014b, 2015 ) and eastern Brazil (Pedrosa 2021), dengue cases were reported in high elevation areas where Aedes mosquitoes, traditionally not found in these regions, had recently established. Similarly, in Argentina, there has been a notable increase in both the incidence and geographic expansion of dengue, where warming temperatures have been shown to influence the dynamics of dengue outbreaks ( López et al. 2023 ). These case studies highlight the growing concern over the spread of Aedes -vectored diseases, such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, in regions previously not considered at risk. Other studies have shown how past and future climate change is affecting the distribution of Anopheles , contributing to shifts in malaria transmission dynamics in Africa ( Ryan et al. 2015 , Peterson 2009 ; Carlson et al. 2023b). As many different mosquito vectors continue to expand their ranges, we may witness further geographic spread of diseases like malaria and dengue, presenting new challenges for public health systems. Open questions and next steps 1. How can we more rigorously attribute range shifts to climate warming? Although temperature is frequently mentioned as a driver, few studies directly connect observed warming trends to mosquito expansions. Long-term monitoring datasets (e.g., those in Armstrong et al. 2017 , Stone et al. 2020 ) could shed light on this question if paired with formal attribution methods (e.g., comparing distribution changes to shifting isotherms, species distribution models with counterfactual climate scenarios ( Glidden et al. 2024 ). The increasing availability of remotely sensed environmental data and automated mosquito species detection tools (e.g., González et al. 2022 ), offers new opportunities to address this question at broader spatial and temporal scales. 2. Are mosquitoes filling out their existing niche or expanding into newly thermally suitable regions? Many expansions occur in areas that were already climatically suitable, suggesting that lack of prior detection—or recent introductions via trade and travel—may explain many of the newly reported populations. Thus, there is a need to untangle climate-driven range expansion from the filling of unoccupied suitable habitat. Climate change alters mosquito ranges through mechanisms like warmer winters increasing adult survival. However, many studies rely on annual mean temperatures, which may not be the primary drivers of selection and population dynamics. 3. Why are warm-edge contractions so rarely observed? No clear examples attribute lower-range contractions to overheating or reduced fitness. Is this due to behavioral or evolutionary adaptive responses, limited sampling effort, or extinction debts, in which species declining due to locally unsuitable conditions have not yet gone locally extinct? Understanding how mosquitoes adapt to high-temperature limits remains an important research frontier, particularly as upper thermal limit constraints can be difficult to detect in species distribution models (SDMs) or observational field data ( Athni et al. 2024 ). 4. How do vector control and land-use change interact with climate factors? Shifts in distribution may be confounded by local or regional vector control measures, as well as changing urban landscapes. Future studies must document these interventions to better isolate the specific contribution of warming from other anthropogenic drivers that can indirectly affect microclimates. 5. What are the public health implications of shifts in mosquito abundance and phenology? Most investigations emphasize the presence or absence of species in newly invaded regions, rather than changes in abundance, seasonality, or vector competence. Addressing these gaps is essential for predicting and managing emerging disease risks under continued climate change. Conclusions Mosquito species of public health concern are rapidly expanding their ranges, at rates that are higher than many other taxa. These range expansions are likely driven by a combination of anthropogenic factors including climate change, land use change, and human movement. Despite clear expectations from thermal biology that climate warming will expand mosquito species distributions at their cool range limits, and evidence that many taxa, including Aedes , Anopheles , and Culex spp., are expanding poleward and upward, rigorous evidence of climate warming-driven range expansions remains limited to several compelling case studies. These studies suggest an important role of warmer temperatures year-round and especially in the winter in allowing Aedes mosquitoes to establish in more temperate regions. Concurrent range expansions (i.e., invasions) into existing thermally suitable areas present a challenge for quantifying and attributing the role of anthropogenic climate change. Although empirical and theoretical work suggests that climate warming could drive warm-edge range contractions, there is no compelling evidence of this to date for any mosquito species. Overall, quantifying the extent of mosquito range expansions due to climate change remains a major research gap that requires coordinated, long-term vector surveillance in areas of emerging climate suitability. Such efforts could jumpstart public health responses in areas facing novel risk of mosquito-borne disease outbreaks that previously lacked vectors, including highland and temperate regions of Asia, the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Australia and Oceania. Acknowledgements KL was supported by the NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowships in Biology Program under Award No. 2208947. LIC was supported by the NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowships in Biology Program under Award No. 2410030. CKG was supported by a Stanford Institute of Human-centered Artificial Intelligence Postdoctoral Fellow and the Doerr School of Sustainability Center for Human and Planetary Health. IOD was funded by the National Institutes of Health (R35GM133439). EAM was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R35GM133439, R01AI168097, R01AI102918), the National Science Foundation (DEB-2011147, with Fogarty International Center), and the Stanford Center for Innovation in Global Health, King Center on Global Development, and Woods Institute for the Environment. References (not extracted in the systematic review) ↵ Angilletta , M. J. ( 2009 ). Thermal adaptation: A theoretical and empirical synthesis . Oxford University Press . https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=5RRREAAAQBAJ ↵ Athni , T.S. , Childs , M.L. , Glidden , C.K. and Mordecai , E.A . ( 2024 ). Temperature dependence of mosquitoes: Comparing mechanistic and machine learning approaches . PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases , 18 ( 9 ), p. e0012488 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012488 OpenUrl CrossRef ↵ Brady , O.J. , Golding , N. , Pigott , D.M. , Kraemer , M.U. , Messina , J.P. , Reiner Jr , R.C. , Scott , T.W. , Smith , D.L. , Gething , P.W. and Hay , S.I . ( 2014 ). Global temperature constraints on Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus persistence and competence for dengue virus transmission . Parasites & Vectors , 7 , 1 – 17 . doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-338 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ Braks , M. A. H. , Honório , N. A. , Lounibos , L. P. , Lourenço-De-Oliveira , R. , & Juliano , S. A . ( 2004 ). Interspecific competition between two invasive species of container mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), in Brazil . Annals of the Entomological Society of America , 97 ( 1 ), 130 – 139 . 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0130:ICBTIS]2.0.CO;2 OpenUrl CrossRef ↵ Burke , M. , Childs , M.L. , de la Cuesta , B. , Qiu , M. , Li , J. , Gould , C.F. , Heft-Neal , S. and Wara , M. ( 2023 ). The contribution of wildfire to PM2. 5 trends in the USA . Nature , 622 ( 7984 ), 761 – 766 . doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06522-6 OpenUrl CrossRef Carlson , C. J. , Carleton , T. A. , Odoulami , R. C. , Molitor , C. D. , & Trisos , C. H . ( 2023 ). The historical fingerprint and future impact of climate change on childhood malaria in Africa . medRxiv , 2023 - 07 . doi: 10.1101/2023.07.16.23292713 OpenUrl Abstract / FREE Full Text ↵ Chen , I. C. , Hill , J. K. , Ohlemüller , R. , Roy , D. B. , & Thomas , C. D . ( 2011 ). Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming . Science , 333 ( 6045 ), 1024 – 1026 . doi: 10.1126/science.1206432 OpenUrl Abstract / FREE Full Text ↵ Childs , M. L. , Li , J. , Wen , J. , Heft-Neal , S. , Driscoll , A. , Wang , S. , … & Burke , M. ( 2022 ). Daily local-level estimates of ambient wildfire smoke PM2. 5 for the contiguous US . Environmental Science & Technology , 56 ( 19 ), 13607 – 13621 . doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02934 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ Couper , L. I. , Farner , J. E. , Caldwell , J. M. , Childs , M. L. , Harris , M. J. , Kirk , D. G. , … & Mordecai , E. A. ( 2021 ). How will mosquitoes adapt to climate warming? eLife , 10 , e69630 . doi: 10.7554/eLife.69630 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ Couper , L. I. , et al. ( 2024 ). How much warming can mosquito vectors tolerate? Global Change Biology , 30 , e17610 . doi: 10.1111/gcb.17610 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ Craig , M. H. , Snow , R. W. , & Le Sueur , D. ( 1999 ). A climate-based distribution model of malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa . Parasitology Today , 15 ( 3 ), 105 – 111 . doi: 10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01396-4 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science ↵ Cunze , S. , Koch , L. K. , Kochmann , J. , & Klimpel , S . ( 2016 ). Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus -two invasive mosquito species with different temperature niches in Europe . Parasites & Vectors , 9 , 1 – 12 .. doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1853-2 OpenUrl CrossRef ↵ Dell , A. I. , Pawar , S. , & Savage , V. M . ( 2011 ). Systematic variation in the temperature dependence of physiological and ecological traits . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 108 ( 26 ), 10591 – 10596 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1015178108 OpenUrl Abstract / FREE Full Text Dhimal , M. , Gautam , I. , Kreß , A. , Müller , R. , & Kuch , U . ( 2014 ). Spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in Central Nepal . PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases , 8 ( 7 ), e3035 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003035 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ Dhimal , M. , Gautam , I. , Joshi , H. D. , O’Hara , R. B. , Ahrens , B. , & Kuch , U . ( 2015 ). Risk factors for the presence of chikungunya and dengue vectors ( Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus ), their altitudinal distribution and climatic determinants of their abundance in central Nepal . PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases , 9 ( 3 ), e0003545 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003545 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ Franklinos , L. H. V. , Jones , K. E. , Redding , D. W. , & Abubakar , I . ( 2019 ). The effect of global change on mosquito-borne disease . The Lancet Infectious Diseases , 19 ( 4 ), e302 – e312 . doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30161-6 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ Gilotra , S. K. , Rozeboom , L. E. , & Bhattacharya , N. C . ( 1967 ). Observations on possible competitive displacement between populations of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus and Aedes albopictus Skuse in Calcutta . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 37 ( 3 ), 437 – 446 . OpenUrl PubMed Web of Science ↵ Glidden , C.K. , Singleton , A.L. , Chamberlin , A. , Tuan , R. , Palasio , R.G. , Caldeira , R.L. , Monteiro , A.M.V. , Lwiza , K.M. , Liu , P. , Silva , V. & Athni , T.S . ( 2024 ). Climate and urbanization drive changes in the habitat suitability of Schistosoma mansoni competent snails in Brazil . Nature Communications , 15 ( 1 ), 4838 . doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48335-9 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ González , M.I. , Encarnação , J. , Aranda , C. , Osório , H. , Montalvo , T. , & Talavera , S. ( 2022 ). 11. The use of artificial intelligence and automatic remote monitoring for mosquito surveillance . In Ecology of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes to wildlife (pp. 211 – 223 ). Wageningen Academic . doi: 10.3920/978-90-8686-931-2_11 OpenUrl CrossRef Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). ( 2022 ). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability . IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, Working Group II . https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ ↵ Lafferty , K. D . ( 2009 ). The ecology of climate change and infectious diseases . Ecology , 90 ( 4 ), 888 – 900 . doi: 10.1890/08-0079.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science ↵ Lippi , C. A. , Mundis , S. J. , Sippy , R. , Flenniken , J. M. , Chaudhary , A. , Hecht , G. , … & Ryan , S. J. ( 2023 ). Trends in mosquito species distribution modeling: insights for vector surveillance and disease control . Parasites & Vectors , 16 ( 1 ), 302 . doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05912-z OpenUrl CrossRef ↵ Lippi , C. A. , Stewart-Ibarra , A. M. , Loor , M. F. B. , Zambrano , J. E. D. , Lopez , N. A. E. , Blackburn , J. K. , & Ryan , S. J . ( 2019 ). Geographic shifts in Aedes aegypti habitat suitability in Ecuador using larval surveillance data and ecological niche modeling: Implications of climate change for public health vector control . PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases , 13 ( 4 ), e0007322 . OpenUrl PubMed ↵ López , M.S. , Gómez , A.A. , Müller , G.V. , Walker , E. , Robert , M.A. & Estallo , E.L . ( 2023 ). Relationship between climate variables and dengue incidence in Argentina . Environmental Health Perspectives , 131 ( 5 ), 057008 . doi: 10.1289/EHP11616 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ Lounibos , L. P. , & Juliano , S. A . ( 2018 ). Where vectors collide: The importance of mechanisms shaping the realized niche for modeling ranges of invasive Aedes mosquitoes . Biological Invasions , 20 ( 8 ), 1913 – 1929 . doi: 10.1007/s10530-018-1674-7 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ Marcantonio , M. , Reyes , T. & Barker , C.M . 2019 . Quantifying Aedes aegypti dispersal in space and time: a modeling approach . Ecosphere , 10 ( 12 ), p. e02977 . doi: 10.1002/ecs2.2977 OpenUrl CrossRef ↵ Martens , W. J. , Jetten , T. H. , & Focks , D. A . ( 1997 ). Sensitivity of malaria, schistosomiasis and dengue to global warming . Climatic change , 35 ( 2 ), 145 – 156 . doi: 10.1023/A:1005365413932 OpenUrl CrossRef ↵ Messina , J. P. , Brady , O. J. , Golding , N. , Kraemer , M. U. G. , Wint , G. R. W. , Ray , S. E. , … & Hay , S. I. ( 2019 ). The current and future global distribution and population at risk of dengue . Nature Microbiology , 4 , 1508 – 1515 . doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0476-8 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ Mordecai , E. A. , Cohen , J. M. , Evans , M. V. , Gudapati , P. , Johnson , L. R. , Lippi , C. A. , … & Weikel , D. P. ( 2019 ). Thermal biology of mosquito-borne disease . Ecology Letters , 22 ( 10 ), 1690 – 1708 . doi: 10.1111/ele.13335 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ Parham , P. E. , & Michael , E . ( 2010 ). Modeling the effects of weather and climate change on malaria transmission . Environmental Health Perspectives , 118 ( 5 ), 620 – 626 . doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901256 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science ↵ Peterson , A. T . ( 2009 ). Shifting suitability for malaria vectors across Africa with warming climates . BMC Infectious Diseases , 9 , 59 . doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-59 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ Rocklöv , J. , & Dubrow , R . ( 2020 ). Climate change: An enduring challenge for vector-borne disease prevention and control . Nature Immunology , 21 ( 5 ), 479 – 483 . doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-0648-y OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Rocklöv , J. , Ahlm , C. , Scott , M. E. , & Humphries , D. L . ( 2021 ). Climate change pathways and potential future risks to nutrition and infection . Nutrition and infectious diseases: shifting the clinical paradigm , 429 – 458 . doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-56913-6_15 OpenUrl CrossRef ↵ Rogers , D. J. , & Randolph , S. E . ( 2006 ). Climate change and vector-borne diseases . Advances in Parasitology , 62 , 345 – 381 . doi: 10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62010-6 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science ↵ Ryan , S. J. , McNally , A. , Johnson , L. R. , Mordecai , E. A. , Ben-Horin , T. , Paaijmans , K. P. , & Lafferty , K. D . ( 2015 ). Mapping physiological suitability limits for malaria in Africa under climate change . Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , 15 ( 12 ), 718 – 725 . doi: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1822 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ↵ Ryan , S. J. , Carlson , C. J. , Tesla , B. , Bonds , M. H. , Ngonghala , C. N. , Mordecai , E. A. , & Johnson , L. R . ( 2021 ). Warming temperatures could expose more than 1.3 billion people to malaria risk by 2080 . Global Change Biology , 27 ( 6 ), 1299 – 1311 . doi: 10.1111/gcb.15384 OpenUrl CrossRef ↵ Ryan , S. J. , Lippi , C. A. , Villena , O. C. , Singh , A. , Murdock , C. C. , & Johnson , L. R . ( 2023 ). Mapping current and future thermal limits to suitability for malaria transmission by the invasive mosquito Anopheles stephensi . Malaria Journal , 22 ( 1 ), 104 . doi: 10.1186/s12936-023-04531-4 OpenUrl CrossRef Semenza , J. C. , Rocklöv , J. , & Ebi , K. L . ( 2022 ). Climate change and cascading risks from infectious disease . Infectious diseases and therapy , 11 ( 4 ), 1371 – 1390 . doi: 10.1007/s40121-022-00647-3 OpenUrl CrossRef ↵ Watts , N. , Amann , M. , Arnell , N. , Ayeb-Karlsson , S. , Belesova , K. , Boykoff , M. , …, Costello , A. ( 2021 ). The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Responding to converging crises . The Lancet , 397 ( 10269 ), 129 – 170 . doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32290-X OpenUrl CrossRef References extracted in the systematic review 1. Abílio AP , Kampango A , Armando EJ , Gudo ES , das Neves LCB , Parreira R , Sidat M , Fafetine JM , & de Almeida APG. ( 2020 ). First confirmed occurrence of the yellow fever virus and dengue virus vector Aedes (Stegomyia) luteocephalus (Newstead, 1907) in Mozambique . Parasit Vectors , 13 ( 1 ), 350 . doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04217-9 OpenUrl CrossRef 2. ↵ Aditya , G. , Pramanik , M. K. , & Saha , G. K . ( 2009 ). Immatures of Aedes aegypti in Darjeeling Himalayas—Expanding geographical limits in India . Indian Journal of Medical Research , 129 ( 4 ), 455 – 457 . OpenUrl PubMed 3. Ahmed A , Khogali R , Elnour MB , Nakao R , & Salim B . ( 2021 ). Emergence of the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in Khartoum State, Central Sudan . Parasit Vectors , 14 ( 1 ), 511 . doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-05026-4 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 4. ↵ Akaratovic , K. I. , & Kiser , J. P . ( 2017 ). First record of Culex coronator in Virginia, with notes on its rapid dispersal, trapping methods, and biology . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 33 ( 3 ), 225 – 228 . doi: 10.2987/17-6668R.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 5. Akaratovic , K. , I. , Kiser , J. P. , Whitt , P. B. , Harrison , R. L. , & Harrison , B. A. ( 2021 ). Culex nigripalpus distribution expansion: First record in Virginia, new county records in North Carolina, and revised United States map . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 37 ( 4 ), 188 – 197 . OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 6. ↵ Alarcón-Elbal PM , Estrella SD , Arrondo IR , Collantes F , Iniesta JA , Morales-Bueno J , Sánchez-López PF , Amela C , Sierra-Moros MJ , Molina R , & Lucientes J . ( 2014 ). Updated distribution of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Spain: New findings in the mainland Spanish Levante, 2013 . Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz , 109 ( 6 ), 782 – 786 . doi: 10.1590/0074-0276140214 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 7. ↵ Armstrong , P. M. , Andreadis , T. G. , Shepard , J. J. , & Thomas , M. C . ( 2017 ). Northern range expansion of the Asian tiger mosquito ( Aedes albopictus ): Analysis of mosquito data from Connecticut, USA . PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases , 11 ( 5 ), e0005623 -Article No.: e0005623. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005623 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 8. ↵ Bakran-Lebl , K. , Zittra , C. , Harl , J. , Shahi-Barogh , B. , Gratzl , A. , Ebmer , D. , Schaffner , F. , & Fuehrer , H.-P . ( 2021 ). Arrival of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) in Vienna, Austria and initial monitoring activities . Transboundary and Emerging Diseases , 68 ( 6 ). doi: 10.1111/tbed.14169 OpenUrl CrossRef 9. Bakran-Lebl , K. , Zittra , C. , Weiss , S. , Hodits , B. , Zechmeister , T. , & Fuehrer , H . ( 2021 ). Range expansion of the alien mosquito species Aedes japonicus (Theobald, 1901)(Diptera: Culicidae) from 2014–2019 in Burgenland, Austria. Entomol . Austriaca , 28 , 107 – 118 . OpenUrl 10. ↵ Bennett , K. L. , Owen McMillan , W. , Enriquez , V. , Barraza , E. , Diaz , M. , Baca , B. , Whiteman , A. , Cerro Medina , J. , Ducasa , M. , Gomez Martinez , C. , Almanza , A. , Rovira , J. R. , & Loaiza , J. R. ( 2021 ). The role of heterogenous environmental conditions in shaping the spatiotemporal distribution of competing Aedes mosquitoes in Panama: Implications for the landscape of arboviral disease transmission . Biological Invasions , 23 ( 6 ). doi: 10.1007/s10530-021-02482-y OpenUrl CrossRef 11. Bennouna A , Balenghien T , El Rhaffouli H , Schaffner F , Garros C , Gardès L , Lhor Y , Hammoumi S , Chlyeh G , & Fassi Fihri O . ( 2017 ). First record of Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) in Morocco: A major threat to public health in North Africa? Med Vet Entomol , 31 ( 1 ), 102 – 106 . doi: 10.1111/mve.12194 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 12. Blank SA , Blank KW , & Kendall JA . ( 2018 ). First Record of Aedes aurifer in Kentucky . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 34 ( 1 ), 34 – 37 . doi: 10.2987/17-6706.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 13. Blosser , E. M. , & Burkett-Cadena , N. D . ( 2017 ). Culex (Melanoconion) panocossa from peninsular Florida, USA . Acta Tropica , 167 , 59 – 63 . doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.024 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 14. Boehmler , M . ( 2022 ). Aedeomyia (Aedeomyia) squamipennis—New genus and species county record for Monroe County, Florida, USA . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 38 ( 4 ), 280 – 282 . doi: 10.2987/22-7076 OpenUrl CrossRef 15. Bouattour , A. , Khrouf , F. , Rhim , A. , & M’ghirbi , Y . ( 2019 ). First Detection of the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), in Tunisia . Journal of Medical Entomology , 56 ( 4 ), 1112 – 1115 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz026 OpenUrl CrossRef 16. Boukraa , S. , Dekoninck , W. , Versteirt , V. , Schaffner , F. , Coosemans , M. , Haubruge , E. , & Francis , F . ( 2015 ). Updated checklist of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Belgium . Journal of Vector Ecology , 40 ( 2 ), 398 – 407 . doi: 10.1111/jvec.12180 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 17. Bradt D , Coburn L , Bradley KK , & Noden BH . ( 2018 ). First Record of Aedes japonicus japonicus in Oklahoma, 2017 . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 34 ( 1 ), 38 – 41 . doi: 10.2987/17-6690.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 18. Bradt DL , Bradley KK , Hoback WW , & Noden BH . ( 2017 ). New Records of Aedes aegypti In Southern Oklahoma, 2016 . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 33 ( 1 ), 56 – 59 . doi: 10.2987/16-6627.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 19. Brennan , S. A. , Grob , I. C. , Bartz , C. E. , Baker , J. K. , & Jiang , Y . ( 2021 ). Displacement of Aedes albopictus by Aedes aegypti in Gainsville, Florida .. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 37 ( 2 ), 93 – 97 . OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 20. Buchwald , A. G. , Hayden , M. H. , Dadzie , S. K. , Paull , S. H. , & Carlton , E. J . ( 2020 ). Aedes-borne disease outbreaks in West Africa: A call for enhanced surveillance . Acta Tropica , 209 , 105468 -Article No.: 105468. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105468 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 21. ↵ Caminade , C. , Medlock , J. M. , Ducheyne , E. , McIntyre , K. M. , Leach , S. , Baylis , M. , & Morse , A. P . ( 2012 ). Suitability of European climate for the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus : Recent trends and future scenarios . Journal of the Royal Society Interface , 9 ( 75 ), 2708 – 2717 . doi: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0138 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 22. ↵ Campos , R. E . ( 2011 ). Expanding the distribution of two species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Argentina and notes on their bionomics . Revista de La Sociedad Entomologica Argentina , 70 ( 3–4 ), 379 – 381 . OpenUrl 23. Cane , R. P. , & Disbury , M . ( 2010 ). An addition to the known distribution of New Zealand’s mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) from recent surveillance data, 2001-2009 . Weta , 40 , 14 – 22 . OpenUrl 24. ↵ Carbajo , A. E. , Cardo , M. , V. , & Vezzani , D. ( 2019 ). Past, present and future of Aedes aegypti in its South American southern distribution fringe: What do temperature and population tell us? Acta Tropica , 190 , 149 – 156 . doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.11.017 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 25. Carlson CJ , Bannon E , Mendenhall E , Newfield T , & Bansal S . ( 2023 ). Rapid range shifts in African Anopheles mosquitoes over the last century . Biol Lett , 19 ( 2 ), 20220365 . doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0365 OpenUrl CrossRef 26. ↵ Carter , T. E. , Yared , S. , Getachew , D. , Spear , J. , Choi , S. H. , Samake , J. N. , Mumba , P. , Dengela , D. , Yohannes , G. , & Chibsa , S. ( 2021 ). Tracking of Anopheles stephensi in Ethiopia using mitochondrial DNA reveals pattern of spread . BioRxiv , 2021 – 04 . 27. Carvalho RG , Lourenço-de-Oliveira R , & Braga IA . ( 2014 ). Updating the geographical distribution and frequency of Aedes albopictus in Brazil with remarks regarding its range in the Americas . Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz , 109 ( 6 ), 787 – 796 . doi: 10.1590/0074-0276140304 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 28. Chan-Chable RJ , Balam-Poot E , Vázquez-Marroquín R , MartÍnez-Arce A , Mis-Avila PC , & Hernández-Triana LM . ( 2020 ). New Distribution Record of Aedes albopictus in Quintana Roo, Mexico, and its Importance to Public Health . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 36 ( 3 ), 197 – 200 . doi: 10.2987/20-6935.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 29. Chaulk , A. C. , Carson , K. P. , Whitney , H. G. , Fonseca , D. M. , & Chapman , T. W . ( 2016 ). The Arrival of the Northern House Mosquito Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) on Newfoundland’s Avalon Peninsula . Journal of Medical Entomology , 53 ( 6 ), 1364 – 1369 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjw105 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 30. Colton L , Miller MM , & Reeves WK . ( 2019 ). New National Record for Culex perexiguus from Kuwait . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 35 ( 1 ), 65 – 66 . doi: 10.2987/18-6783.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 31. ↵ Connelly , C. R. , Alto , B. W. , & O’Meara , G. F . ( 2016 ). The spread of Culex coronator (Diptera: Culicidae) throughout Florida . Journal of Vector Ecology , 41 ( 1 ), 195 – 199 . doi: 10.1111/jvec.12213 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 32. Cooper , R. D. , Waterson , D. G. E. , Kupo , M. , & Sweeney , A. W . ( 1994 ). Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea and the threat of its introduction to Australia . Journal of the Australian Entomological Society , 33 ( 2 ), 115 – 116 . OpenUrl 33. Cull , B. , Vaux , A. G. C. , Medlock , J. M. , Abbott , A. , & Gibson , G . ( 2016 ). Expansion of the range of the West Nile virus vector in Essex . Veterinary Record , 179 ( 14 ), 363 – 364 . doi: 10.1136/vr.i5388 OpenUrl FREE Full Text 34. Culverwell CL . ( 2018 ). A report on the mosquitoes of mainland Åland, southwestern Finland and revised list of Finnish mosquitoes . Med Vet Entomol , 32 ( 2 ), 145 – 154 . doi: 10.1111/mve.12272 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 35. Culverwell CL , Uusitalo RJ , Korhonen EM , Vapalahti OP , Huhtamo E , & Harbach RE. ( 2021 ). The mosquitoes of Finland: Updated distributions and bionomics . Med Vet Entomol , 35 ( 1 ), 1 – 29 . doi: 10.1111/mve.12475 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 36. ↵ Cvetkovikj , A. , Djadjovski , I. , Krstevski , K. , Popova , Z. , Rashikj , L. , Atanasova , K. , Cvetkovikj , I. , & Stefanovska , J . ( 2020 ). New records of the Asian Tiger Mosquito ( Aedes albopictus ) in North Macedonia . Macedonian Veterinary Review , 43 ( 2 ), 125 – 129 . OpenUrl 37. Davalos-Becerril , E. , Correa-Morales , F. , Gonzalez-Acosta , C. , Santos-Luna , R. , Peralta-Rodriguez , J. , Perez-Renteria , C. , Ordonez-Alvarez , J. , Huerta , H. , Carmona-Perez , M. , Alberto Diaz-Quinonez , J. , Dolores Mejia-Guevara , M. , Sanchez-Tejeda , G. , Kuri-Morales , P. , Felipe Gonzalez-Roldan , J. , & Moreno-Garcia , M . ( 2019 ). Urban and semi-urban mosquitoes of Mexico City: A risk for endemic mosquito-borne disease transmission . PLoS One , 14 ( 3 ), e0212987 -Article No.: e0212987. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212987 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 38. Deblauwe I , Demeulemeester J , De Witte J , Hendy A , Sohier C , & Madder M. ( 2015 ). Increased detection of Aedes albopictus in Belgium: No overwintering yet, but an intervention strategy is still lacking . Parasitol Res , 114 ( 9 ), 3469 – 3477 . doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4575-z OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 39. Dekoninck , W. , Hendrickx , F. , Van Bortel , W. , Versteirt , V. , Coosemans , M. , Damiens , D. , Hance , T. , De Clercq , E. M. , Hendrickx , G. , Schaffner , F. , & Grootaert , P. ( 2011 ). Human-Induced Expanded Distribution of Anopheles plumbeus , Experimental Vector of West Nile Virus and a Potential Vector of Human Malaria in Belgium . Journal of Medical Entomology , 48 ( 4 ), 924 – 928 . doi: 10.1603/ME10235 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 40. ↵ Dekoninck , W. , Hendrickx , F. , Versteirt , V. , Coosemans , M. , De Clercq , E. M. , Hendrickx , G. , Hance , T. , & Grootaert , P. ( 2013 ). Changes in Species Richness and Spatial Distribution of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Inferred From Museum Specimen Records and a Recent Inventory: A Case Study From Belgium Suggests Recent Expanded Distribution of Arbovirus and Malaria Vectors . Journal of Medical Entomology , 50 ( 2 ), 237 – 243 . doi: 10.1603/ME12134 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 41. Demirci , B. , Bedir , H. , Ozturk , M. , & Akiner , M. M . ( 2021 ). Status of the invasive mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L., 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Turkey . Turkiye Entomoloji Dergisi , 45 ( 2 ), 279 – 292 . doi: 10.16970/entoted.879297 OpenUrl CrossRef 42. Dhimal , M. , Ahrens , B. , & Kuch , U . ( 2014 ). Species composition, seasonal occurrence, habitat preference and altitudinal distribution of malaria and other disease vectors in eastern Nepal . Parasites & Vectors , 7 , 540 – 540 . OpenUrl PubMed 43. Dhimal , M. , Kramer , I. M. , Phuyal , P. , Budhathoki , S. S. , Hartke , J. , Ahrens , B. , Kuch , U. , Groneberg , D. A. , Nepal , S. , Liu QiYong , Huang CunRui , Cisse , G. , Ebi , K. L. , Klingelhofer , D. , & Muller , R. ( 2021 ). Climate change and its association with the expansion of vectors and vector-borne diseases in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region: A systematic synthesis of the literature . Advances in Climate Change Research , 12 ( 3 ), 421 – 429 . doi: 10.1016/j.accre.2021.05.003 OpenUrl CrossRef 44. Donahue , M. A. , Hamik , J. , Phinney , S. , Schneider , R. , McDougall , L. , Koirala , S. , & Buss , B . ( 2021 ). Aedes aegypti identified in York, Nebraska, through routine arboviral surveillance August-October 2019 . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 37 ( 2 ), 106 – 108 . OpenUrl PubMed 45. Dotseth EJ & Harrison BA . ( 2016 ). West Virginia Mosquitoes: Sequential List by Publication, Newly Found Species, Corrections, and Notes for Earlier Records . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 32 ( 3 ), 240 – 243 . doi: 10.2987/16-6575.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 46. Dunphy BM , Tucker BJ , Petersen MJ , Blitvich BJ , & Bartholomay LC . ( 2009 ). Arrival and establishment of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iowa . J Med Entomol , 46 ( 6 ), 1282 – 1289 . doi: 10.1603/033.046.0605 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 47. Egizi , A. , & Fonseca , D. M . ( 2015 ). Ecological limits can obscure expansion history: Patterns of genetic diversity in a temperate mosquito in Hawaii . Biological Invasions , 17 ( 1 ), 123 – 132 . doi: 10.1007/s10530-014-0710-5 OpenUrl CrossRef 48. Farajollahi , A. , & Crans , S. C . ( 2012 ). A checklist of the mosquitoes of New Jersey with notes on established invasive specie . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 28 ( 3 ), 237 – 239 . doi: 10.2987/12-6229R.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 49. Farajollahi , A. , & Nelder , M. P . ( 2009 ). Changes in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in New Jersey and Implications for Arbovirus Transmission . Journal of Medical Entomology , 46 ( 5 ), 1220 – 1224 . doi: 10.1603/033.046.0533 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 50. Fielden , M. A. , Chaulk , A. C. , Bassett , K. , Wiersma , Y. F. , Erbland , M. , Whitney , H. , & Chapman , T. W . ( 2015 ). Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) arrives at the most easterly point in North America . Canadian Entomologist , 147 ( 6 ), 737 – 740 . doi: 10.4039/tce.2015.5 OpenUrl CrossRef 51. ↵ Fuehrer , H.-P. , Schoener , E. , Weiler , S. , Barogh , B. S. , Zittra , C. , & Walder , G . ( 2020 ). Monitoring of alien mosquitoes in Western Austria (Tyrol, Austria, 2018) . PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases , 14 ( 6 ), e0008433 -Article No.: e0008433. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008433 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 52. Gallitano S , Blaustein L , & Vonesh J . ( 2005 ). First occurrence of Ochlerotatus japonicus in Missouri . J Vector Ecol , 30 ( 2 ), 347 – 348 . OpenUrl PubMed Web of Science 53. ↵ Gayan Dharmasiri AG , Perera AY , Harishchandra J , Herath H , Aravindan K , Jayasooriya HTR , Ranawaka GR , & Hewavitharane M . ( 2017 ). First record of Anopheles stephensi in Sri Lanka: A potential challenge for prevention of malaria reintroduction . Malar J , 16 ( 1 ), 326 . doi: 10.1186/s12936-017-1977-7 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 54. Giordano , B. V. , Gasparotto , A. , Liang , P. , Nelder , M. P. , Russell , C. , & Hunter , F. F . ( 2020 ). Discovery of an Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus population and first records of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti in Canada . Medical and Veterinary Entomology , 34 ( 1 ). doi: 10.1111/mve.12408 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 55. Giordano BV , Gasparotto A , & Hunter FF . ( 2015 ). A checklist of the 67 mosquito species of Ontario, Canada . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 31 ( 1 ), 101 – 103 . doi: 10.2987/14-6456R.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 56. Goenaga S , Chuchuy A , Micieli MV , Natalini B , Kuruc J , & Kowalewski M . ( 2020 ). Expansion of the Distribution of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): New Records in Northern Argentina and Their Implications From an Epidemiological Perspective . J Med Entomol , 57 ( 4 ), 1310 – 1313 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjaa009 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 57. Gomez-Salazar , E. , Gomez-Gonzalez , J. , Rivera-Terriques , R. , Correa-Morales , F. , Gonzalez-Acosta , C. , & Moreno-Garcia , M . ( 2023 ). First Reports of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus at Nayarit, Mexico . Southwestern Entomologist , 48 ( 2 ), 409 – 412 . OpenUrl 58. Goncalves , Y. , Silva , J. , & Biscoito , M . ( 2008 ). On the presence of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 (Insecta, Diptera, Culicidae) in the island of Madeira (Portugal) . Boletim Do Museu Municipal Do Funchal , 58 , 53 – 59 . OpenUrl 59. Gonzalez-Acosta , C. , Correa-Morales , F. , Canche-Aguilar , I. , Silva-Dominguez , R. , Concepcion Salgado-Alonzo , M. , Munoz-Urias , R. , Manuel Salazar-Bueyes , V. , & Moreno-Garcia , M . ( 2019 ). First report of Aedes albopictus in Guerrero State, Mexico . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 35 ( 4 ), 285 – 287 . OpenUrl PubMed 60. ↵ Gouagna , L. C. , Dehecq , J.-S. , Girod , R. , Boyer , S. , Lemperiere , G. , & Fontenille , D . ( 2011 ). Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of Anopheles arabiensis breeding sites in La Reunion Island—Multi-year trend analysis of historical records from 1996-2009 . Parasites & Vectors , 4 , 14pp .- 14pp . OpenUrl 61. Gray , K. M. , Burkett-Cadena , N. , & Eubanks , M. D . ( 2008 ). Distribution expansion of Culex coronator in Alabama . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 24 ( 4 ), 585 – 587 . doi: 10.2987/08-5778.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 62. Greenberg HS , Wilson-Fallon AN , Peper ST , Haydett KM , & Presley SM . ( 2019 ). New records of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in eight Texas counties , U.S.A. J Vector Ecol , 44 ( 1 ), 199 – 200 . doi: 10.1111/jvec.12345 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 63. Haddad N , Omran H , Amraoui F , Zakhia R , Mousson L , & Failloux AB . ( 2022 ). The tiger mosquito in Lebanon two decades after its introduction: A growing health concern . PLoS Negl Trop Dis , 16 ( 2 ), e0010206 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010206 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 64. Harwood , J. F. , Fiorenzano , J. M. , Gerardo , E. , Black , T. , LaPointe , D. A. , & Hasty , J . ( 2018 ). Seasonal surveillance confirms the range expansion of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae) to the Hawaiian Islands of Oahu and Kauai . Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology , 21 ( 4 ), 1366 – 1372 . doi: 10.1016/j.aspen.2018.10.015 OpenUrl CrossRef 65. Hernández-Guevara LF , Sánchez-Rámos FJ , Chan-Chable RJ , Hernández-Triana LM , Valdés-Perezgasga MT , González-Acosta C , & Correa-Morales F . ( 2020 ). First Record of Mansonia dyari in the State of Morelos, Mexico, Based on Morphology and COI DNA Barcoding . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 36 ( 1 ), 33 – 36 . doi: 10.2987/19-6909.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 66. Hernández-Rodríguez JL , Perez-Pacheco R , Vásquez-López A , Mejenes-Hernández MC , Granados-Echegoyen CA , Arcos-Cordova IDR , Pérez-Rentería C , Benítez-Alva JI , Manrique-Saide P , & Huerta H . ( 2020 ). Asian Tiger Mosquito in Yucatan Peninsula: First Record of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Campeche, Mexico . J Med Entomol , 57 ( 6 ), 2022 – 2024 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjaa133 OpenUrl CrossRef 67. ↵ Hopperstad , K. A. , & Reiskind , M. H . ( 2016 ). Recent Changes in the Local Distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in South Florida, USA . Journal of Medical Entomology , 53 ( 4 ), 836 – 842 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjw050 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 68. Huestis DL , Dao A , Diallo M , Sanogo ZL , Samake D , Yaro AS , Ousman Y , Linton YM , Krishna A , Veru L , Krajacich BJ , Faiman R , Florio J , Chapman JW , Reynolds DR , Weetman D , Mitchell R , Donnelly MJ , Talamas E , … Lehmann T . ( 2019 ). Windborne long-distance migration of malaria mosquitoes in the Sahel . Nature , 574 ( 7778 ), 404 – 408 . doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1622-4 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 69. Hughes TH , Irwin PM , Kaufman A , Sage H , Pagac BB Jr , & Paskewitz SM . ( 2008 ). First records of Aedes japonicus japonicus in Wisconsin . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 24 ( 4 ), 583 – 584 . doi: 10.2987/5735.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 70. Hunt JR , Rehbein MM , Viadero RC , & Miller CL . ( 2023 ). Distribution of Invasive Aedes Mosquitoes in West-Central Illinois, 2014-18: Record Updates for Aedes japonicus and Ae. albopictus . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 39 ( 1 ), 1 – 11 . doi: 10.2987/22-7105 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 71. Hunter , F. F. , Causarano , J. , Gasparotto , A. , & Giordano , B. V . ( 2015 ). Establishment of Culex (Melanoconion) erraticus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Southern Ontario, Canada . Journal of Medical Entomology , 52 ( 3 ), 509 – 512 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjv018 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 72. Irish , S. R. , & Pierce , C. S . ( 2008 ). Update on the distribution of Ochlerotatus japonicus in Oregon and Washington . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 24 ( 1 ), 110 – 111 . doi: 10.2987/5572.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 73. Janssen N , Graovac N , Vignjević G , Bogojević MS , Turić N , Klobučar A , Kavran M , Petrić D , Ćupina AI , Fischer S , Werner D , Kampen H , & Merdić E. ( 2020 ). Rapid spread and population genetics of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in southeastern Europe (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia) . PLoS One , 15 ( 10 ), e0241235 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241235 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 74. Johnson , K. A. , Brogren , S. J. , Crane , D. M. , & Lamere , C. A . ( 2010 ). Status of Aedes japonicus in the metropolitan mosquito control district, Minnesota . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 26 ( 3 ), 328 – 331 . doi: 10.2987/10-6018.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 75. Kampen , H. , Kuhlisch , C. , Froehlich , A. , Scheuch , D. E. , & Walther , D . ( 2016 ). Occurrence and Spread of the Invasive Asian Bush Mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in West and North Germany since Detection in 2012 and 2013, Respectively . PLoS One , 11 ( 12 ), e0167948 -Article No.: e0167948. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167948 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 76. Kanani K , Amr Z , Katbeh-Bader A , & Arbaji M . ( 2017 ). First Record of Aedes albopictus in Jordan . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 33 ( 2 ), 134 – 135 . doi: 10.2987/17-6641.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 77. Kauffman , E. B. , & Kramer , L. D . ( 2017 ). Zika Virus Mosquito Vectors: Competence, Biology, and Vector Control . Journal of Infectious Diseases , 216 ( Suppl. 10 ), S976 – S990 . doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix405 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 78. Kavran M , Zgomba M , Weitzel T , Petric D , Manz C , & Becker N . ( 2018 ). Distribution of Anopheles daciae and other Anopheles maculipennis complex species in Serbia . Parasitol Res , 117 ( 10 ), 3277 – 3287 . doi: 10.1007/s00436-018-6028-y OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 79. ↵ Klobučar A , Lipovac I , Žagar N , Mitrović-Hamzić S , Tešić V , Vilibić-Čavlek T , & Merdić E. ( 2019 ). First record and spreading of the invasive mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) in Croatia . Med Vet Entomol , 33 ( 1 ), 171 – 176 . doi: 10.1111/mve.12337 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 80. Koloski , C. W. , Drahun , I. , & Cassone , B. J . ( 2021 ). Occurrence of the Mosquito Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Beyond Its Most Northwestern Range Limits in Manitoba, Canada . Journal of Medical Entomology , 58 ( 4 ), 1958 – 1961 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjab021 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 81. ↵ Kraemer , M. U. G. , Reiner , R. C. , Jr. , Brady , O. , Messina , J. P. , Gilbert , M. , Pigott , D. M. , Yi , D. , Johnson , K. , Earl , L. , Marczak , L. B. , Shirude , S. , Weaver , N. , Bisanzio , D. , Perkins , T. A. , Lai , S. , Lu , X. , Jones , P. , Coelho , G. E. , Carvalho , R. G. , … Golding , N . ( 2019 ). Past and future spread of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypt i and Aedes albopictus . Nature Microbiology , 4 ( 5 ), 854 – 863 . doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0376-y OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 82. Kraemer , M. U. G. , Sinka , M. E. , Duda , K. A. , Mylne , A. Q. N. , Shearer , F. M. , Barker , C. M. , Moore , C. G. , Carvalho , R. G. , Coelho , G. E. , Van Bortel , W. , Hendrickx , G. , Schaffner , F. , Elyazar , I. R. F. , Teng , H.-J. , Brady , O. J. , Messina , J. P. , Pigott , D. M. , Scott , T. W. , Smith , D. L. , … Hay , S. I. ( 2015 ). The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus . eLife , 4 , e08347 -Article No.: e08347. doi: 10.7554/eLife.08347 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 83. Kramer , I. M. , Pfenninger , M. , Feldmeyer , B. , Dhimal , M. , Gautam , I. , Shreshta , P. , Baral , S. , Phuyal , P. , Hartke , J. , Magdeburg , A. , Groneberg , D. A. , Ahrens , B. , Muller , R. , & Waldvogel , A.-M . ( 2023 ). Genomic profiling of climate adaptation in Aedes aegypti along an altitudinal gradient in Nepal indicates nongradual expansion of the disease vector . Molecular Ecology , 32 ( 2 ). doi: 10.1111/mec.16752 OpenUrl CrossRef 84. ↵ Kulkarni MA , Desrochers RE , Kajeguka DC , Kaaya RD , Tomayer A , Kweka EJ , Protopopoff N , & Mosha FW . ( 2016 ). 10 Years of Environmental Change on the Slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro and Its Associated Shift in Malaria Vector Distributions . Front Public Health , 4 , 281 . doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00281 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 85. Kurihara , T. , Kobayashi , M. , & Kosone , T . ( 1997 ). The northward expansion of Aedes albopictus distribution in Japan . Medical Entomology and Zoology , 48 ( 1 ), 73 – 77 . OpenUrl 86. Kuri-Morales P , Correa-Morales F , González-Acosta C , Sánchez-Tejeda G , Dávalos-Becerril E , Fernanda Juárez-Franco M , Díaz-Quiñonez A , Huerta-Jimenéz H , Mejía-Guevara MD , Moreno-García M , & González-Roldán JF . ( 2017 ). First report of Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti) in Mexico City, Mexico . Med Vet Entomol , 31 ( 2 ), 240 – 242 . doi: 10.1111/mve.12225 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 87. Lambrechts , L. , Scott , T. W. , & Gubler , D. J . ( 2010 ). Consequences of the expanding global distribution of Aedes albopictus for dengue virus transmission . American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , 83 ( 5, Suppl. S ), 6 – 7 . OpenUrl 88. ↵ Lemine , A. M. M. , Lemrabott , M. A. O. , Ebou , M. H. , Lekweiry , K. , Salem , M. S. O. A. , Brahim , K. O. , Moukah , M. O. , Bouraya , I. N. O. , Brengues , C. , Trape , J.-F. , Basco , L. , Bogreau , H. , Simard , F. , Faye , O. , & Boukhary , A. O. M. S . ( 2017 ). Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Mauritania: A review of their biodiversity, distribution and medical importance . Parasites & Vectors , 10 , 35 -Article No.: 35. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-1978-y OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 89. Lima A , Lovin DD , Hickner PV , & Severson DW . ( 2016 ). Evidence for an Overwintering Population of Aedes aegypti in Capitol Hill Neighborhood, Washington, DC . Am J Trop Med Hyg , 94 ( 1 ), 231 – 235 . doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0351 OpenUrl Abstract / FREE Full Text 90. Loaiza , J. R. , Scott , M. E. , Bermingham , E. , Sanjur , O. I. , Wilkerson , R. , Rovira , J. , Gutierrez , Lina . A. , Correa , M. M. , Grijalva , M. J. , Birnberg , L. , Bickersmith , S. , & Conn , J. E. ( 2010 ). Late Pleistocene environmental changes lead to unstable demography and population divergence of Anopheles albimanus in the northern Neotropics . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 57 ( 3 ), 1341 – 1346 . doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.016 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 91. Lounibos LP , Bargielowski I , Carrasquilla MC , & Nishimura N . ( 2016 ). Coexistence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Peninsular Florida Two Decades After Competitive Displacements . J Med Entomol , 53 ( 6 ), 1385 – 1390 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjw122 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 92. Lowe , A.-M. , Forest-Berard , K. , Trudel , R. , Lo , E. , Gamache , P. , Tandonnet , M. , Kotchi , S.-O. , Leighton , P. , Dibernardo , A. , Lindsay , R. , & Ludwig , A . ( 2021 ). Mosquitoes Know No Borders: Surveillance of Potential Introduction of Aedes Species in Southern Quebec, Canada . Pathogens , 10 ( 8 ), 998 -Article No.: 998. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10080998 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 93. Luande VN , Eklöf D , Lindström A , Nyanjom SG , Evander M , & Lilja T . ( 2020 ). The Human Biting Culex pipiens Bioform molestus Detected in Several Areas in Southern Sweden . Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis , 20 ( 12 ), 936 – 938 . doi: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2631 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 94. Martínez-Barciela Y , Martínez JMP , Torres MIS , Ortega ÁP , González JCO , & González JG . ( 2020 ). First records of Anopheles (Anopheles) plumbeus Stephens, 1828 and Culex (Culex) torrentium Martini, 1925 (Diptera: Culicidae) in Galicia (NW Spain) . J Vector Ecol , 45 ( 2 ), 306 – 311 . doi: 10.1111/jvec.12401 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 95. Mastrantonio , V. , Porretta , D. , Urbanelli , S. , Crasta , G. , & Nascetti , G . ( 2016 ). Dynamics of mtDNA introgression during species range expansion: Insights from an experimental longitudinal study . Scientific Reports , 6 , 30355 -Article No.: 30355. doi: 10.1038/srep30355 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 96. Mbokazi , F. , Coetzee , M. , Brooke , B. , Govere , J. , Reid , A. , Owiti , P. , Kosgei , R. , Zhou , S. , Magagula , R. , Kok , G. , Namboze , J. , Tweya , H. , & Mabuza , A . ( 2018 ). Changing distribution and abundance of the malaria vector in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa . Public Health Action , 8 ( Suppl. 1 ), S39 – S43 . OpenUrl 97. McKenzie BA , Stevens K , McKenzie AE , Bozic J , Mathias D , & Zohdy S . ( 2019 ). Aedes Vector Surveillance in the Southeastern United States Reveals Growing Threat of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus . J Med Entomol , 56 ( 6 ), 1745 – 1749 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz115 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 98. Metzger , M. E. , Yoshimizu , M. H. , Padgett , K. A. , Hu , R. , & Kramer , V. L . ( 2017 ). Detection and Establishment of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in California, 2011-2015 . Journal of Medical Entomology , 54 ( 3 ), 533 – 543 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjw237 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 99. Metzger ME , Wekesa JW , Kluh S , Fujioka KK , Saviskas R , Arugay A , McConnell N , Nguyen K , Krueger L , Hacker GM , Hu R , & Kramer VL . ( 2022 ). Detection and Establishment of Aedes notoscriptus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in Southern California, United States . J Med Entomol , 59 ( 1 ), 67 – 77 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjab165 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 100. Moberly , S. P. , Lalor , C. , McDonough , M. , Foster , B. , Estes , A. , & Bentfield , D. J . ( 2005 ). Discovery of an exotic Asian mosquito, Ochlerotatus japonicus, (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern Indiana . Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science , 114 ( 1 ), 62 – 64 . OpenUrl 101. ↵ Mogi , M. , & Tuno , N . ( 2014 ). Impact of Climate Change on the Distribution of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northern Japan: Retrospective Analyses . Journal of Medical Entomology , 51 ( 3 ), 572 – 579 . doi: 10.1603/ME13178 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 102. Mohammed H , Evanson J , Revan F , Lee E , Krecek RC , & Smith J . ( 2015 ). A Mosquito Survey of the Twin-Island Caribbean Nation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, 2010 . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 31 ( 4 ), 360 – 363 . doi: 10.2987/moco-31-04-360-363.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 103. Moore , C. G. , Francy , D. B. , Eliason , D. A. , & Monath , T. P . ( 1988 ). Aedes albopictus in the USA: Rapid spread of a potential disease vector . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 4 ( 3 ), 356 – 361 . OpenUrl PubMed Web of Science 104. Morris , J. A. , Lampman , R. L. , Ballmes , G. , Funes , J. , Halvorsen , J. , & Novak , R. J . ( 2007 ). First record of Aedes japonicus japonicus in illinois: Defining its spatial distribution and associated mosquito species . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 23 ( 3 ), 243 – 251 . 10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[243:FROAJJ]2.0.CO;2 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 105. Mosca , A. , Perna , M. F. , Giovannozzi , M. , & Roberto , P . ( 2022 ). First report of two Asian invasive mosquito species, Aedes japonicus and Aedes koreicus , in Piedmont, northwest Italy . Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore Di Sanita , 58 ( 3 ), 162 – 165 . doi: 10.4415/ANN_22_03_03 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 106. Mouatcho J , Cornel AJ , Dahan-Moss Y , Koekemoer LL , Coetzee M , & Braack L . ( 2018 ). Detection of Anopheles rivulorum-like, a member of the Anopheles funestus group, in South Africa . Malar J , 17 ( 1 ), 195 . doi: 10.1186/s12936-018-2353-y OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 107. Muja-Bajraktari , N. , Kadriaj , P. , Zhushi-Etemi , F. , Sherifi , K. , Alten , B. , Velo , E. , Schaffner , F. , & Petrie , D . ( 2022 ). The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Kosovo: First record . PLoS One , 17 ( 3 ), e0264300 -Article No.: e0264300. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264300 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 108. Mullens , P. , Su , T. , Vong , Q. , Thieme , J. , Brown , M. Q. , & Faraji , A . ( 2021 ). Establishment of the Invasive Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the West Valley Area of San Bernardino County, CA . Journal of Medical Entomology , 58 ( 1 ), 365 – 371 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjaa174 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 109. Murray HL , Pruszynski CA , Leal AL , & Hribar LJ . ( 2018 ). Establishment of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Florida Keys, 2001-2017 . J Med Entomol , 55 ( 6 ), 1607 – 1612 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjy102 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 110. Muzari , M. O. , Davis , J. , Bellwood , R. , Crunkhorn , B. , Gunn , E. , Sabatino , U. , & Gair , R . ( 2019 ). Dominance of the tiger: The displacement of Aedes aegypti by Aedes albopictus in parts of the Torres Strait, Australia . Communicable Diseases Intelligence , 43 , unpaginated-unpaginated. 111. Nanfack-Minkeu , F. , Delong , A. , Luri , M. , & Poelstra , J. W. W . ( 2023 ). Invasive Aedes japonicus Mosquitoes Dominate the Aedes Fauna Collected with Gravid Traps in Wooster, Northeastern Ohio, USA . Insects , 14 ( 1 ), 56 -Article No.: 56. doi: 10.3390/insects14010056 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 112. Negri A , Arnoldi I , Brilli M , Bandi C , Gabrieli P , & Epis S . ( 2021 ). Evidence for the spread of the alien species Aedes koreicus in the Lombardy region, Italy . Parasit Vectors , 14 ( 1 ), 534 . doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-05031-7 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 113. Nguyen TV , Kelly R , Stuck S , & Rustin RC . ( 2018 ). Georgia’s Collaborative Approach to Expanding Mosquito Surveillance in Response to Zika Virus: Year Two . US Army Med Dep J, 1– 18 , 14 – 21 . 114. Novikov , Y. M . ( 2016 ). On the ecology and range of Anopheles beklemishevi (Diptera: Culicidae) with reference to the taxonomy of An. Lewisi . Journal of Vector Ecology , 41 ( 2 ), 204 – 214 . doi: 10.1111/jvec.12215 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 115. Novikov , Y. M. , & Vaulin , O. V . ( 2014 ). Expansion of Anopheles maculipennis s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) to northeastern Europe and northwestern Asia: Causes and Consequences . Parasites & Vectors , 7 , 389 – 389 . OpenUrl PubMed 116. O’Meara , G. F. , Gettman , A. D. , Evans ., L. F. , Jr. , & Curtis , G. A. ( 1993 ). The spread of Aedes albopictus in Florida . American Entomologist , 39 ( 3 ), 163 – 171 . OpenUrl CrossRef 117. Ong , J. , Liu , X. , Rajarethinam , J. , Yap , G. , Ho , D. , & Ng , L. C . ( 2019 ). A novel entomological index, Aedes aegypti Breeding Percentage, reveals the geographical spread of the dengue vector in Singapore and serves as a spatial risk indicator for dengue . Parasites & Vectors , 12 , 17 – 17 . OpenUrl PubMed 118. Ortega-Morales , A. , I. , Bond , G. , Mendez-Lopez , R. , Garza-Hernandez , J. A. , Hernandez-Triana , L. M. , & Casas-Martinet , M. ( 2018 ). First record of invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus in Tabasco and Yucatán, Mexico . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 34 ( 2 ), 120 – 123 . doi: 10.2987/18-6736.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 119. Ortega-Morales AI , Casas-Martínez M , Bond JG , & Harbach RE . ( 2018 ). First Records of Psorophora cilipes and Culex theobaldi in Quintana Roo State, Mexico . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 34 ( 2 ), 124 – 127 . doi: 10.2987/18-6743.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 120. Ortega-Morales AI , Cueto-Medina SM , & Rodríguez QK . ( 2016 ). First Record of the Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus in Hidalgo State, Mexico . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 32 ( 3 ), 234 – 236 . doi: 10.2987/16-6576.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 121. Ortega-Morales AI , Méndez-López R , Garza-Hernández JA , González-Álvarez VH , Ruiz-Arrondo I , Huerta-Jiménez H , Rodríguez-Martínez LM , & Rodríguez-Pérez MA . ( 2019 ). The mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Tabasco, Mexico . J Vector Ecol , 44 ( 1 ), 57 – 67 . doi: 10.1111/jvec.12329 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 122. Ostrum EM & Mutebi JP . ( 2019 ). New County Records of Aedes aegypti and Aedes epactius in Colorado . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 35 ( 1 ), 47 – 50 . doi: 10.2987/18-6774.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 123. ↵ Pafume , B. A. , Campos , E. G. , Francy , D. B. , Peyton , E. L. , Davis , A. N. , & Nelms , M . ( 1988 ). Discovery of Aedes bahamensis : New record in the USA . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 4 ( 3 ), 380 – 380 . OpenUrl PubMed Web of Science 124. Paronyan L , Babayan L , Manucharyan A , Manukyan D , Vardanyan H , Melik-Andrasyan G , Schaffner F , & Robert V . ( 2020 ). The mosquitoes of Armenia: Review of knowledge and results of a field survey with first report of Aedes albopictus . Parasite , 27 , 42 . doi: 10.1051/parasite/2020039 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 125. Patsoula , E. , Beleri , S. , Vakali , A. , Pervanidou , D. , Tegos , N. , Nearchou , A. , Daskalakis , D. , Mourelatos , S. , & Hadjichristodoulou , C . ( 2017 ). Records of Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera; Culicidae) and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera; Culicidae) Expansion in Areas in Mainland Greece and Islands . Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , 17 ( 3 ), 217 – 223 . doi: 10.1089/vbz.2016.1974 OpenUrl CrossRef 126. Pedrosa MC , Borges MAZ , Eiras ÁE , Caldas S , Cecílio AB , Brito MF , & Ribeiro SP . ( 2021 ). Invasion of Tropical Montane Cities by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Depends on Continuous Warm Winters and Suitable Urban Biotopes . J Med Entomol , 58 ( 1 ), 333 – 342 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjaa135 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 127. Peper , S. T. , Wilson-Fallon , A. , Haydett , K. , Greenberg , H. , & Presley , S. M . ( 2017 ). First record of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in thirteen Panhandle region counties of Texas, USA . Journal of Vector Ecology , 42 ( 2 ), 352 – 354 . doi: 10.1111/jvec.12276 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 128. Petruff , T. A. , McMillan , J. R. , Shepard , J. J. , Andreadis , T. G. , & Armstrong , P. M . ( 2020 ). Increased mosquito abundance and species richness in Connecticut, United States 2001-2019 . Scientific Reports , 10 ( 1 ), 19287 -Article No.: 19287. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76231-x OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 129. Pfitzner , W. P. , Lehner , A. , Hoffmann , D. , Czajka , C. , & Becker , N . ( 2018 ). First record and morphological characterization of an established population of Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany . Parasites & Vectors , 11 , 662 -Article No.: 662. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-3199-4 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 130. ↵ Pinault , L. L. , & Hunter , F. F . ( 2011 ). New highland distribution records of multiple Anopheles species in the Ecuadorian Andes . Malaria Journal , 10 ( 236 ), (11 August 2011)-(11 August 2011). 131. Pluskota , B. , Storch , V. , Braunbeck , T. , Beck , M. , & Becker , N . ( 2008 ). First record of Stegomyia albopicta (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany . European Mosquito Bulletin , 26 , 1 – 5 . OpenUrl 132. Ponce P , Morales D , Argoti A , & Cevallos VE . ( 2018 ). First Report of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), the Asian Tiger Mosquito, in Ecuador . J Med Entomol , 55 ( 1 ), 248 – 249 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjx165 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 133. ↵ Prioteasa LF , Dinu S , Fălcuţă E , & Ceianu CS . ( 2015 ). Established Population of the Invasive Mosquito Species Aedes albopictus in Romania, 2012-14 . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 31 ( 2 ), 177 – 181 . doi: 10.2987/14-6462R OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 134. ↵ Qualls , W. A. , Steck , M. R. , Weaver , J. R. , Zhang , Y. , Xue , R. , & Sallam , M. F . ( 2022 ). Shift in the spatial and temporal distribution of Aedes taeniorhynchus following environmental and local developments in St. Johns County, Florida . Wetlands Ecology and Management , 30 (5, Sp. Iss. SI). doi: 10.1007/s11273-021-09816-6 OpenUrl CrossRef 135. Reeves LE , Medina J , Miqueli E , Sloyer KE , Petrie W , Vasquez C , & Burkett-Cadena ND . ( 2021 ). Establishment of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Mainland Florida, With Notes on the Ochlerotatus Group in the United States . J Med Entomol , 58 ( 2 ), 717 – 729 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjaa250 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 136. Reis S , Cornel AJ , Melo M , Pereira H , & Loiseau C . ( 2017 ). First record of Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894) on São tomé island . Acta Trop , 171 , 86 – 89 . doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.03.035 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 137. Richards , T. , Tucker , B. J. , Hassan , H. , Bron , G. M. , Bartholomay , L. , & Paskewitz , S . ( 2019 ). First Detection of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Expansion of Aedes japonicus japonicus in Wisconsin, United States . Journal of Medical Entomology , 56 ( 1 ), 291 – 296 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjy184 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 138. Riles MT & Connelly CR . ( 2020 ). AN UPDATE OF THE MOSQUITO RECORDS OF FLORIDA COUNTIES, USA . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 36 ( 2 ), 107 – 111 . doi: 10.2987/20-6923.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 139. ↵ Romiti , F. , Casini , R. , Magliano , A. , Ermenegildi , A. , & De Liberato , C. ( 2022 ). Aedes albopictus abundance and phenology along an altitudinal gradient in Lazio region (central Italy) . Parasites & Vectors , 15 ( 1 ), 92 -Article No.: 92. doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05215-9 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 140. Rose DA , Godsey MS , Faraji A , Ostrum EM , & Savage HM . ( 2018 ). A SURVEY OF THE MOSQUITOES OF KOSRAE STATE, FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA, 2016 . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 34 ( 2 ), 143 – 146 . doi: 10.2987/18-6728.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 141. ↵ Rubio , A. , Victoria Cardo , M. , Vezzani , D. , & Eduardo Carbajo , A . ( 2020 ). Aedes aegypti spreading in South America: New coldest and southernmost records . Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , 115 , e190496 -Article No.: e190496. doi: 10.1590/0074-02760190496 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 142. Rudolf M , Czajka C , Börstler J , Melaun C , Jöst H , von Thien H , Badusche M , Becker N , Schmidt-Chanasit J , Krüger A , Tannich E , & Becker S. ( 2013 ). First nationwide surveillance of Culex pipiens complex and Culex torrentium mosquitoes demonstrated the presence of Culex pipiens biotype pipiens/molestus hybrids in Germany . PLoS One , 8 ( 9 ), e71832 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071832 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 143. ↵ Ruiz-Lopez , F. , Gonzalez-Mazo , A. , Velez-Mira , A. , Gomez , G. F. , Zuleta , L. , Uribe , S. , & Velez-Bernal , I. D . ( 2016 ). Presence of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and its natural infection with dengue virus at unrecorded heights in Colombia . Biomedica , 36 ( 2 ), 303 – 308 . OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 144. ↵ Salahi-Moghaddam A , Khoshdel A , Dalaei H , Pakdad K , Nutifafa GG , & Sedaghat MM . ( 2017 ). Spatial changes in the distribution of malaria vectors during the past 5 decades in Iran . Acta Trop , 166 , 45 – 53 . doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.001 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 145. Sames WJ , Dacko NM , Bolling BG , Bosworth AB , Swiger SL , Duhrkopf RE , & Burton RG . ( 2019 ). Distribution of Culex coronator in Texas . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 35 ( 1 ), 55 – 64 . doi: 10.2987/18-6806.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 146. Sames WJ , Mann JG , Kelly R , Evans CL , Varnado WC , Bosworth AB , Noden BH , Ramberg FB , Riles MT , Killingsworth D , Doyle MS , & Pitts RJ . ( 2021 ). Distribution of Culex coronator in the USA . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 37 ( 1 ), 1 – 9 . doi: 10.2987/21-6995.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 147. Saunders MEM , Elias SP , Robinson S , & Lubelczyk C . ( 2017 ). Update on the Distribution of Aedes japonicus in Maine, 2001-15 . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 33 ( 2 ), 136 – 138 . doi: 10.2987/16-6614.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 148. ↵ Sawabe K , Imanishi-Kobayashi N , Maekawa Y , Higa Y , Kim KS , Hoshino K , Tsuda Y , Hayashi T , Nihei N , Takai K , Kurihara T , & Kobayashi M . ( 2021 ). Updated distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in Hokkaido, Japan, and the first evidence of Anopheles belenrae in Japan . Parasit Vectors , 14 ( 1 ), 494 . doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04995-w OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 149. Seah , I. M. , Ambrose , L. , Cooper , R. D. , & Beebe , N. W . ( 2013 ). Multilocus population genetic analysis of the Southwest Pacific malaria vector Anopheles punctulatus . International Journal for Parasitology , 43 ( 10 ), 825 – 835 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.05.004 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 150. Seidel B , Nowotny N , Bakonyi T , Allerberger F , & Schaffner F . ( 2016 ). Spread of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) in Austria, 2011-2015, and first records of the subspecies for Hungary, 2012, and the principality of Liechtenstein, 2015 . Parasit Vectors , 9 ( 1 ), 356 . doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1645-8 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 151. Shahhosseini , N. , Wong , G. , Frederick , C. , & Kobinger , G. P . ( 2020 ). Mosquito Species Composition and Abundance in Quebec, Eastern Canada . Journal of Medical Entomology , 57 ( 4 ), 1025 – 1031 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjaa020 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 152. Shroyer DA , Harrison BA , Bintz BJ , Wilson MR , Sither CB , & Byrd BD . ( 2015 ). Aedes pertinax , a Newly Recognized Mosquito Species in the United States . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 31 ( 1 ), 97 – 100 . doi: 10.2987/14-6447R.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 153. Sither CB , Harrison BA , Bintz B , Wilson MR , Kim J , Graham M , Caillouët KA , Hutchinson ML , & Byrd BD . ( 2014 ). First Record of Aedes stimulans from Louisiana . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 30 ( 4 ), 305 – 308 . doi: 10.2987/14-6429R.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 154. ↵ Stone , C. M. , Zuo , Z. , Li , B. , Ruiz , M. , Swanson , J. , Hunt , J. , Kim , C.-H. , & Smith , R. L . ( 2020 ). Spatial,Temporal, and Genetic Invasion Dynamics of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Illinois . Journal of Medical Entomology , 57 ( 5 ), 1488 – 1500 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjaa047 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 155. Sudeep , A. B . ( 2014 ). Culex gelidus : An emerging mosquito vector with potential to transmit multiple virus infections . Journal of Vector Borne Diseases , 51 ( 4 ), 251 – 258 . OpenUrl PubMed 156. Surendran SN , Sivabalakrishnan K , Sivasingham A , Jayadas TTP , Karvannan K , Santhirasegaram S , Gajapathy K , Senthilnanthanan M , Karunaratne SP , & Ramasamy R . ( 2019 ). Anthropogenic Factors Driving Recent Range Expansion of the Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi . Front Public Health , 7 , 53 . doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00053 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 157. Swanson , J. , Lancaster , M. , Anderson , J. , Crandell , M. , Haramis , L. , Grimstad , P. , & Kitron , U . ( 2000 ). Overwintering and establishment of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in an urban La Crosse virus enzootic site in Illinois . Journal of Medical Entomology , 37 ( 3 ), 454 – 460 . 10.1603/0022-2585(2000)037[0454:OAEOAA]2.0.CO;2 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 158. Taber , E. D. , Hutchinson , M. L. , Smithwick , E. A. H. , & Blanford , J. I . ( 2017 ). A decade of colonization: The spread of the Asian tiger mosquito in Pennsylvania and implications for disease risk . Journal of Vector Ecology , 42 ( 1 ), 3 – 12 . doi: 10.1111/jvec.12234 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 159. Tagliapietra V , Arnoldi D , Di Luca M , Toma L , & Rizzoli A. ( 2019 ). Investigation on potential malaria vectors (Anopheles spp.) in the Province of Trento, Italy . Malar J , 18 ( 1 ), 151 . doi: 10.1186/s12936-019-2785-z OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 160. Tatem , A. J. , Hay , S. I. , & Rogers , D. J . ( 2006 ). Global traffic and disease vector dispersal . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 103 ( 16 ), 6242 – 6247 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.0508391103 OpenUrl Abstract / FREE Full Text 161. ↵ Tavecchia , G. , Miranda , M.-A. , Borras , D. , Bengoa , M. , Barcelo , C. , Paredes-Esquivel , C. , & Schwarz , C . ( 2017 ). Modelling the range expansion of the Tiger mosquito in a Mediterranean Island accounting for imperfect detection . Frontiers in Zoology , 14 , 39 -Article No.: 39. doi: 10.1186/s12983-017-0217-x OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 162. Tchouassi , D. P. , Bastos , A. D. S. , Sole , C. L. , Diallo , M. , Lutomiah , J. , Mutisya , J. , Mulwa , F. , Borgemeister , C. , Sang , R. , & Torto , B . ( 2014 ). Population Genetics of Two Key Mosquito Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus Reveals New Insights into the Changing Disease Outbreak Patterns in Kenya . PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases , 8 ( 12 ), e3364 -Article No.: e3364. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003364 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 163. Tedjou AN , Kamgang B , Yougang AP , Njiokou F , & Wondji CS . ( 2019 ). Update on the geographical distribution and prevalence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), two major arbovirus vectors in Cameroon . PLoS Negl Trop Dis , 13 ( 3 ), e0007137 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007137 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 164. Thabet HS , Fawaz EY , Badziklou K , Tag ElDin RA , Kaldas RM , Fahmy NT , Tamekloe TA , Kere-Banla A , & Diclaro JW . ( 2019 ). Preliminary Screening of Mosquito Spatial Distribution in Togo: With Special Focus on the Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) Species . J Med Entomol , 56 ( 4 ), 1154 – 1158 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz029 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 165. Torres-Avendaño JI , Castillo-Ureta H , Torres-Montoya EH , Meza-Carrillo E , Lopez-Mendoza RL , Vazquez-Martinez MG , & Rendon-Maldonado JG . ( 2015 ). First Record of Aedes albopictus in Sinaloa, Mexico . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 31 ( 2 ), 164 – 166 . doi: 10.2987/14-6461R OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 166. ↵ Trajer , A. , Tanczos , B. , Hammer , T. , Bede-Fazekas , A. , Ranvig , K. A. , Schoffhauzer , J. , & Padisak , J . ( 2017 ). The complex investigation of the colonization potential of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the South Pannonian ecoregion . Applied Ecology and Environmental Research , 15 ( 1 ), 275 – 298 . doi: 10.15666/aeer/1501_275298 OpenUrl CrossRef 167. Trimm A , Insch A , & Carlson T . ( 2017 ). First Record of Culex coronator In Shelby County, Tennessee . J Am Mosq Control Assoc , 33 ( 4 ), 345 – 347 . doi: 10.2987/17-6702.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 168. Vavassori , L. , Honnen , A.-C. , Saarman , N. , Caccone , A. , & Muller , P . ( 2022 ). Multiple introductions and overwintering shape the progressive invasion of Aedes albopictus beyond the Alps . Ecology and Evolution , 12 ( 7 ), e9138 -Article No.: e9138. doi: 10.1002/ece3.9138 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 169. Venkatesan , M. , & Rasgon , J. L . ( 2010 ). Population genetic data suggest a role for mosquito-mediated dispersal of West Nile virus across the western United States . Molecular Ecology , 19 ( 8 ), 1573 – 1584 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04577.x OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science 170. Vu NS , Hertz JC , Martin NJ , Tran TC , Fiorenzano JM , Tran PV , Nguyen HV , Dang AD , Tran DN , & Motoki MT . ( 2021 ). Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Villages and Forest Areas of Rural Communes in Khanh Hoa and Binh Phuoc Provinces, Vietnam . J Med Entomol , 58 ( 6 ), 2264 – 2273 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjab106 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 171. Wagman , J. , Grieco , J. P. , King , R. , Briceno , I. , Bautista , K. , Polanco , J. , Pecor , J. , & Achee , N. L . ( 2013 ). First record and demonstration of a southward expansion of Aedes albopictus into Orange Walk Town, Belize, Central America . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 29 ( 4 ), 380 – 382 . doi: 10.2987/13-6364.1 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 172. Webb C , Clancy J , Doggett SL , McAlister E , Williams C , Fricker S , van den Hurk A , Lessard B , Lenagan J , & Walter M. ( 2022 ). First record of the mosquito Aedes (Downsiomyia) shehzadae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australia: A unique discovery aided by citizen science . J Vector Ecol , 47 ( 1 ), 133 – 137 . doi: 10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.133 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 173. Werner D , Zielke DE , & Kampen H . ( 2016 ). First record of Aedes koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany . Parasitol Res , 115 ( 3 ), 1331 – 1334 . doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4848-6 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 174. Yadouleton , A. , Hounkanrin , G. , Tchibozo , C. , Bialonski , A. , Schmidt-Chanasit , J. , & Joest , H . ( 2022 ). First Detection of the Invasive Mosquito Vector Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Benin, West Africa, 2021 . Journal of Medical Entomology , 59 ( 3 ). doi: 10.1093/jme/tjac039 OpenUrl CrossRef 175. Yee DA , Abuzeineh AA , Ezeakacha NF , Schelble SS , Glasgow WC , Flanagan SD , Skiff JJ , Reeves A , & Kuehn K . ( 2015 ). Mosquito Larvae in Tires from Mississippi, United States: The Efficacy of Abiotic and Biotic Parameters in Predicting Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Mosquito Populations and Communities . J Med Entomol , 52 ( 3 ), 394 – 407 . doi: 10.1093/jme/tjv028 OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed 176. ↵ Zanotti G , De Majo MS , Alem I , Schweigmann N , Campos RE , & Fischer S. ( 2015 ). New records of Aedes aegypti at the southern limit of its distribution in Buenos Aires province, Argentina . J Vector Ecol , 40 ( 2 ), 408 – 411 . doi: 10.1111/jvec.12181 OpenUrl CrossRef 177. Ze-Ze , L. , Borges , V. , Osorio , H. C. , Machado , J. , Gomes , J. P. , & Alves , M. J . ( 2020 ). Mitogenome diversity of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus : Detection of multiple introduction events in Portugal . PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases , 14 ( 9 ), e0008657 -Article No.: e0008657. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008657 OpenUrl CrossRef 178. Zielke , D. E. , Walther , D. , & Kampen , H . ( 2016 ). Newly discovered population of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Upper Bavaria, Germany, and Salzburg , Austria, is closely related to the Austrian/Slovenian bush mosquito population. Parasites and Vectors , 9 ( 163 ), (21 March 2016)-(21 March 2016). View the discussion thread. Back to top Previous Next Posted March 28, 2025. Download PDF Supplementary Material Email Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about bioRxiv. NOTE: Your email address is requested solely to identify you as the sender of this article. Your Email * Your Name * Send To * Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas. You are going to email the following A systematic review of climate-change driven range shifts in mosquito vectors Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from bioRxiv Message Body (Your Name) thought you would like to see this page from the bioRxiv website. Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. Share A systematic review of climate-change driven range shifts in mosquito vectors Kelsey Lyberger , Anna Rose Robinson , Lisa Couper , Isabel Delwel , Caroline Glidden , Crystal Qian , Aja Burslem , Faith Fernandez , Benjamen Gao , Gabriella Garcia , Julio Gomez , Caspar Griffin , Stephanie Jackson , Annalisa King , Olivia Manes , Andrew Song , Edward Tran , Erin A. Mordecai bioRxiv 2025.03.25.645279; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.03.25.645279 Share This Article: Copy Citation Tools A systematic review of climate-change driven range shifts in mosquito vectors Kelsey Lyberger , Anna Rose Robinson , Lisa Couper , Isabel Delwel , Caroline Glidden , Crystal Qian , Aja Burslem , Faith Fernandez , Benjamen Gao , Gabriella Garcia , Julio Gomez , Caspar Griffin , Stephanie Jackson , Annalisa King , Olivia Manes , Andrew Song , Edward Tran , Erin A. Mordecai bioRxiv 2025.03.25.645279; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.03.25.645279 Citation Manager Formats BibTeX Bookends EasyBib EndNote (tagged) EndNote 8 (xml) Medlars Mendeley Papers RefWorks Tagged Ref Manager RIS Zotero Tweet Widget Facebook Like Google Plus One Subject Area Ecology Subject Areas All Articles Animal Behavior and Cognition (7640) Biochemistry (17706) Bioengineering (13902) Bioinformatics (41978) Biophysics (21465) Cancer Biology (18611) Cell Biology (25528) Clinical Trials (138) Developmental Biology (13387) Ecology (19920) Epidemiology (2067) Evolutionary Biology (24332) Genetics (15615) Genomics (22519) Immunology (17747) Microbiology (40424) Molecular Biology (17194) Neuroscience (88662) Paleontology (667) Pathology (2838) Pharmacology and Toxicology (4827) Physiology (7650) Plant Biology (15160) Scientific Communication and Education (2046) Synthetic Biology (4302) Systems Biology (9826) Zoology (2271)