Efficiency of Small Wind Turbines in the Desert of Chad for Water Pumping at Kouba Olanga

Efficiency of Small Wind Turbines in the Desert of Chad for Water Pumping at Kouba Olanga | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Efficiency of Small Wind Turbines in the Desert of Chad for Water Pumping at Kouba Olanga Fia Oung-zetna, Boukar Michel, Foulla Dieudonné Platou, Amir Moungache, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7657937/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Access to drinking water and electricity is a major challenge in desert regions like Kouba Olanga in Chad. Renewable energy, in particular wind power, offers a promising solution for pumping water and improving living conditions for local populations. Kouba Olanga, located 740 km from N'Djamena, suffers from a crying lack of water and electricity. The average annual wind speed of 4.64 m/s offers significant wind potential for pumping water. Water is of vital importance for both humans and animals that drink from the same water source. The study uses Weibull and Rayleigh distribution functions to determine wind probability densities. Wind speed analysis shows wide bandwidths and high speeds. Three small pumping turbines were selected for application on site: VESTASV15, VESTASV10 and AEOLOS-H30. The AEOLOS-H30 wind turbine has the best capacity factor with an annual average of 0.39, exceeding international standards. The VESTASV15 and VESTASV10 wind turbines have capacity factors below the standard (0.26). The AEOLOS-H30 wind turbine generates a maximum daily water flow of 3,000 m3/day and an annual average of 1,729.4 m3/day at a head of 50m. The other wind turbines have lower outputs: VESTASV15 with an annual average flow of 1466.7 m3/day and VESTASV10 with a maximum flow of 600 m3/day. The use of the AEOLOS-H30 wind turbine for water pumping in Kouba Olanga is proving to be an effective and sustainable solution for access to drinking water. Wind energy offers great potential for developing rural areas and improving living conditions for populations in desert regions. Distribution function wind potential water pumping wind turbines efficiency Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7657937","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":531234883,"identity":"c0d627b2-24ba-4096-a056-6c6dc0c3949c","order_by":0,"name":"Fia Oung-zetna","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC9mZk3gcgZmMnoIXnMIzFxsDAOANEMxPScgBJCzMPiEFQCzvzw8e8O2rt+eV7D362+bVNno+ZgfHDxxw8WpjZjI15zxxnlmzjS5bO7btt2MbMwCw5cxtuLfbMDGbSvG3H2AyO8RhI5/bcZgRqYWPmxaOFh5n9G0gLj/0xHuPflj237YnQwgOypUbCgA3IYPhxO5EYLcWGc9sOGEgcyzGz7G24ndzGzNiM1y88/Mc3PnjbVmfP33zG+MaPP7dt57c3H/zwEY8WKIBGKGMbmGwgqB4I6qD0H2IUj4JRMApGwUgDAG/IRRuCJwhHAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"University of Maroua","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fia","middleName":"","lastName":"Oung-zetna","suffix":""},{"id":531234887,"identity":"a51f1ccf-f9cd-41c7-95fd-85b484ae3812","order_by":1,"name":"Boukar Michel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of N’Djamena","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Boukar","middleName":"","lastName":"Michel","suffix":""},{"id":531234889,"identity":"809ee156-76a2-4465-8ebb-3a85b9abcb0c","order_by":2,"name":"Foulla Dieudonné Platou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of N’Djamena","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Foulla","middleName":"Dieudonné","lastName":"Platou","suffix":""},{"id":531234891,"identity":"6a2fda10-9875-4273-b8c1-c6245ac6defb","order_by":3,"name":"Amir Moungache","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of N’Djamena","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amir","middleName":"","lastName":"Moungache","suffix":""},{"id":531234893,"identity":"9d017d6e-82d3-40d2-b57f-c00c2e904a0b","order_by":4,"name":"Ouaïdou Emmanuel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of N’Djamena","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ouaïdou","middleName":"","lastName":"Emmanuel","suffix":""},{"id":531234898,"identity":"686a4983-33e3-4a28-a335-3c393696a12a","order_by":5,"name":"Noel Djongyang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Maroua","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Noel","middleName":"","lastName":"Djongyang","suffix":""},{"id":531234899,"identity":"32b9d4a1-0f7c-4e0e-94ee-9b9e3c655b23","order_by":6,"name":"Beuteubé Rianbé","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of N’Djamena","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Beuteubé","middleName":"","lastName":"Rianbé","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-19 11:08:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7657937/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7657937/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":93935487,"identity":"c7ffcf2e-eb22-4fdb-bd74-31d7122e6011","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:42:39","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12703736,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AnalysisKOUBAWord.OKdocx.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/39038dcbde7dc3856b0776ca.docx"},{"id":93934424,"identity":"17193a78-eda0-41cf-a8d8-45b0d60d4552","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8728,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"f642f0278d57481cab139381b15d8cd6.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/5c8f452c8f8425f09793c4c5.json"},{"id":93935486,"identity":"45178c3d-d8af-4289-b137-1bf30f1e28af","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:42:39","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":182113,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"f642f0278d57481cab139381b15d8cd61enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/d66f501fe9cd009be1ec44f7.xml"},{"id":93934422,"identity":"6424298e-5e69-4711-9b6c-bb3ebf4b48d1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"emf","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":19688,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/1f4e6be6d0a38684503ddf72.emf"},{"id":93935772,"identity":"40acbbdd-b9ea-40dd-b04c-794f20f0ac3d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:50:39","extension":"jpeg","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":358964,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/a6870ce242be022e5a498232.jpeg"},{"id":93934419,"identity":"e0d1695e-b715-467b-b1f1-36edff22057e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"jpeg","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1271190,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage11.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/f1f07cdfbd391a8f95f7990d.jpeg"},{"id":93934421,"identity":"c44f2e60-396a-47d0-a497-16b4825a2ec6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"jpeg","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1787766,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage12.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/ddb17f14d03d69e3303bcb45.jpeg"},{"id":93934420,"identity":"931ed15a-da96-4ec0-8cb0-a063ca4f071d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1353638,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage13.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/e8dcd68febc7c9d723163fd9.jpeg"},{"id":93934423,"identity":"8d1ec60e-f8e6-42ca-ac1c-9c1d3545b465","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"jpeg","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2503742,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage14.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/e76af5a2e74799a2724c8055.jpeg"},{"id":93934434,"identity":"8dabde77-94c6-4a32-bbb9-8c822f41d00d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"jpeg","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1494710,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/cea828021d27cdd229af0adf.jpeg"},{"id":93935488,"identity":"1709fab2-d11a-4239-8b57-8ce123d21495","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:42:39","extension":"emf","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":28640,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/52a6d7a4bcafbb9f61bbf94d.emf"},{"id":93934431,"identity":"af6a1236-19fb-4e45-830f-95be1595716d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"jpeg","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":406942,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/f4fd6c242ae90d49c7ad2583.jpeg"},{"id":93934425,"identity":"8b054083-1087-4066-94d6-cf4e2a7e25f7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"emf","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":23844,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/fef84b0e519152d8e56ea9eb.emf"},{"id":93934443,"identity":"233bbfd3-90d4-455f-9100-f37d2993fa2b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"jpeg","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":398603,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/f6f76b782a03ac80b0ef6cad.jpeg"},{"id":93934428,"identity":"bde1727c-2c00-4fac-a6be-059fbaee46f9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"emf","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":26076,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/f2aa8cdd039170b4da9fd164.emf"},{"id":93935489,"identity":"fad0efa8-81db-4cd9-8f28-423f6e3e6326","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:42:39","extension":"jpeg","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":388442,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/fffc3fd9152b31bd3b667efe.jpeg"},{"id":93934438,"identity":"3f022a7f-aaef-455d-9d37-c0e966ec8d9c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"jpeg","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1494710,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/ef1da64ae59a1bac79b2607e.jpeg"},{"id":93934432,"identity":"037c5ead-a073-4379-ba98-a035f42cb441","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":13543,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/417849581d5be8155565d958.png"},{"id":93935490,"identity":"1adda6b0-cd9d-476f-8812-2f435a3e7172","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:42:39","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":94971,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/76a2371ff39447289a015186.png"},{"id":93934448,"identity":"45f68860-baf0-4787-b14b-bcdd9bda6aad","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10027,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/0ed6bbc4258d40a1b8e332da.png"},{"id":93934446,"identity":"f9a6db68-7358-43a7-b9ad-4a63c9947ed5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":14898,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/d4f5716bec6313bd64d2ac09.png"},{"id":93934460,"identity":"0bad9516-79b6-447a-9c6f-2f512acbdbc2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:40","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8866,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/152507d1782c40f42684f001.png"},{"id":93934444,"identity":"a7ad4d5e-d0d4-4f39-96fe-0e565e163c60","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":35354,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/71c35d3bf94450072937b959.png"},{"id":93934440,"identity":"3aa50f29-118e-487c-8a03-b4c0996a6392","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":18152,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/5b4c0cddc2ac1878410fd721.png"},{"id":93934430,"identity":"6370975e-1351-4faf-814e-eda1682cdf50","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10790,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/83bab0d3e6ce600ed7e62dcb.png"},{"id":93934442,"identity":"cd531c86-c313-4e27-acdf-b0c8f1ff6c6b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":31953,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/f17b771e4490aa28e6d566fc.png"},{"id":93935492,"identity":"2fa6d39c-f3aa-4f51-8143-6b0db46f2ad4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:42:39","extension":"png","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8072,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/b73fcdfc4b2afa75dbaff1ff.png"},{"id":93934452,"identity":"814babd8-b7f3-44ba-8d04-20bddcb085dd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:40","extension":"png","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":31536,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/e03e1bb1333bc16280b2c2e3.png"},{"id":93935491,"identity":"128b09e8-ee80-44fb-8204-50f33fe9ae82","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:42:39","extension":"png","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":13164,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/2405e2a9d798d005b35be462.png"},{"id":93934439,"identity":"d262307a-95fd-4e6a-af89-50f995b264ee","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":105630,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/c8d48a6b5b203816ecc02b0e.png"},{"id":93934436,"identity":"1f0a8b80-0bc9-48b6-93df-364e539148b4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10070,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/3358aad320e98121f9e44ede.png"},{"id":93934445,"identity":"4465134a-1951-41d8-8619-12d20499dd2a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"xml","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":179694,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"f642f0278d57481cab139381b15d8cd61structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/23f94389827684e7e8106ba2.xml"},{"id":93934447,"identity":"90d80360-2759-4f3a-b649-bd01b3dc9e31","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 12:34:39","extension":"html","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":196540,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1/3a89f3a535a89df1d6a08c18.html"},{"id":97251051,"identity":"ac057a04-ce19-4cac-af0d-1a4d967e5b3a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:15:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":906748,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AnalysisKOUBAWord.OKdocx.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7657937/v1_covered_ff08de19-eff4-4530-b7ac-7ceb62862b56.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Efficiency of Small Wind Turbines in the Desert of Chad for Water Pumping at Kouba Olanga","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Distribution function, wind potential, water pumping, wind turbines, efficiency","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7657937/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7657937/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAccess to drinking water and electricity is a major challenge in desert regions like Kouba Olanga in Chad. Renewable energy, in particular wind power, offers a promising solution for pumping water and improving living conditions for local populations. Kouba Olanga, located 740 km from N'Djamena, suffers from a crying lack of water and electricity. The average annual wind speed of 4.64 m/s offers significant wind potential for pumping water. Water is of vital importance for both humans and animals that drink from the same water source. The study uses Weibull and Rayleigh distribution functions to determine wind probability densities. Wind speed analysis shows wide bandwidths and high speeds. Three small pumping turbines were selected for application on site: VESTASV15, VESTASV10 and AEOLOS-H30. The AEOLOS-H30 wind turbine has the best capacity factor with an annual average of 0.39, exceeding international standards. The VESTASV15 and VESTASV10 wind turbines have capacity factors below the standard (0.26). The AEOLOS-H30 wind turbine generates a maximum daily water flow of 3,000 m3/day and an annual average of 1,729.4 m3/day at a head of 50m. The other wind turbines have lower outputs: VESTASV15 with an annual average flow of 1466.7 m3/day and VESTASV10 with a maximum flow of 600 m3/day. The use of the AEOLOS-H30 wind turbine for water pumping in Kouba Olanga is proving to be an effective and sustainable solution for access to drinking water. Wind energy offers great potential for developing rural areas and improving living conditions for populations in desert regions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Efficiency of Small Wind Turbines in the Desert of Chad for Water Pumping at Kouba Olanga","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-20 12:34:34","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7657937/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bb3e4cb4-a4d1-43f8-8fe2-7cf75a88551b","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 20th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-02T11:08:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-20 12:34:34","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7657937","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7657937","identity":"rs-7657937","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}