Study on the characteristics of soil erosion on different land use slopes and its influencing factors in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region

In order to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of soil and water loss on different land use slopes in the loess hilly and gully region, based on the monitoring data of runoff plots in the soil and water conservation monitoring station of the contract gully small watershed in Dalate Banner, Inner Mongolia from 2018 to 2022, the characteristics of slope runoff and soil loss of natural grassland, artificial grassland, crop land, shrub land, arbor forest land and bare land control group under different rainfall patterns and different slope conditions were analyzed, and the influence of various factors such as rainfall, vegetation and underlying surface on slope erosion was analyzed by path principle. The results showed that : (1) There were significant differences in the response of runoff and erosion to different rainfall types and slopes in runoff plots of different land use types. Compared with bare land, other land use types had obvious runoff and sediment reduction benefits, and the sediment reduction benefits were significantly higher than the runoff reduction benefits. And the soil and water conservation benefits are generally shown as arbor forest land > shrub land > artificial grassland > natural grassland > crop land. (2) Rainfall, vegetation, underlying surface and other influencing factors have a significant impact on slope soil erosion. Rainfall intensity is the most important rainfall index affecting slope runoff. There is a significant positive correlation between runoff and soil loss. Regulating runoff can effectively reduce soil loss. Land use type is the main controlling factor to inhibit slope soil erosion, and it can reduce the impact of various factors on slope erosion by combining with other factors. Through the study of slope erosion characteristics and its influencing factors of different land use, in order to provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive management of soil erosion and the rational allocation of soil and water conservation measures in the loess hilly and gully region.