Prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and their associated factors in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients from China: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Bronchiectasis often coexists with anxiety and depression. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors for anxiety and depression among bronchiectasis patients. Methods This cross-sectional study included 345 non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients in Zhanjiang, China from 2021 to 2023. Data on clinical characteristics, laboratory data, pulmonary function and imaging findings of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients were collected. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to evaluate their mental health. Logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for risk factors associated with anxiety or depression. Results Among 345 patients, 39.4% had anxiety and 50.4% had depression. Logistic regression analysis indicated that higher dyspnea (mMRC score ≥ 2) was significantly associated with an increased odds of anxiety (aOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 2.23, 6.24) and depression (aOR = 4.01, 95% CI: 2.35, 6.84). In addition, female patients (aOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.97) and patients with frequent exacerbations in past one year (≥ 2) (aOR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.41) also had a higher odds of depression. Conclusions Anxiety and depression were highly prevalent among bronchiectasis patients. Higher dyspnea was related to both depression and anxiety. Female and frequent exacerbation in past one year were associated with depression. Clinicians should consider psychiatric symptoms in the routine management of bronchiectasis.