Analysis of Extreme Precipitation and its Typical Synoptic Patterns over the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River

Analysis of Extreme Precipitation and its Typical Synoptic Patterns over the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analysis of Extreme Precipitation and its Typical Synoptic Patterns over the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River Changrong Tan, Yaoming Ma, Xuelong Chen, Weimo Li, Qiang Zhang, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6192784/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The frequency of disasters induced by extreme precipitation (EP) in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin (URYR) has increased notably. We conducted a comprehensive investigation into the EP and its associated synoptic patterns in the URYR. The circulations associated with EP events are categorized into three distinct types: Eastward–Moving Cold and Low (Type 1), Westward–Extension Western Pacific Subtropical High (Type 2), and Cut–Off Cyclone (Type 3). By subtracting the climatological state, anomalies in the geopotential height field, wind field, temperature field, and moisture were systematically analyzed for each type. Additionally, the mechanisms driving EP were comprehensively examined using the moisture budget and moist static energy equations. Type 1, the most frequently occurring pattern, is closely linked with a high prevalence of plateau shear and is predominantly associated with negative anomalies in both geopotential height and temperature fields; moisture largely originates from the Bay of Bengal and the Southeast Coast; and the zonal scale of ascending motion is the largest, accompanied by a relatively large area scale of EP. Type 2 is characterized by the most pronounced extreme properties, corresponding to positive anomalies in both geopotential height and temperature fields; moisture is primarily sourced from the Western Pacific Subtropical High, accompanied by the strongest ascending motion dynamics in the northern segment. Type 3, the least frequent pattern, is characterized by an exceptionally deep and persistent Cut–Off Cyclone, with meridional wind components in advecting cold and moist air contributing most to URYR. And the regions with the highest moisture convergence and the most pronounced vertical ascending motion show a strong correlation with the locations of observation stations where the EP events are recorded. Extreme Precipitation URYR Synoptic Patterns Circulation anomalies Moisture budget Full Text Supplementary Files supplementarymaterial.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6192784","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":435945637,"identity":"9a2f3238-58c4-4687-9519-dc4a4f7788e1","order_by":0,"name":"Changrong Tan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACZgYGGx5+/uaDB8DcAwSU80C0pMlJzjiWQJKWw8YGB3IMiNNiz3724OfCPcyJDQfOfDj4s41Bju9GAuPnAny28OQlS894xpbY2Ny74YBkG4Ox5I0EZukZeB2WY8bMc4AnsZnh7IYDhm0MiRtuJLAx8+DTwv8GpEUisY0h58EBIFlPWIsE2BYDY6B1DAcOtjEkGBDUcuONsTTPgQQ5CYljBgcbzkkYzjzzsFkanxb2/hzDzzwH/vPYn29++PBHmY083/Hkg5/xaUEHEkDM2ECChlEwCkbBKBgF2AAA/2RNVT1ikaUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2448-5758","institution":"Lanzhou University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Changrong","middleName":"","lastName":"Tan","suffix":""},{"id":435945638,"identity":"c5fa0d59-8138-40ea-8b6e-ad41b61f1a2e","order_by":1,"name":"Yaoming Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"CAS Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research: Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yaoming","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":435945639,"identity":"f9bfc67d-a1d8-4c49-97c8-b1b7088984fc","order_by":2,"name":"Xuelong Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"CAS Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research: Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xuelong","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":435945640,"identity":"1de57500-82a6-4e29-8aaa-5b4bd94c8214","order_by":3,"name":"Weimo Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Lanzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Weimo","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":435945642,"identity":"0dceeb16-b6f2-45d6-861b-9ffb4199bc15","order_by":4,"name":"Qiang Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology: Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":435945644,"identity":"294113c0-826e-424b-8440-bf49397cf72e","order_by":5,"name":"Zhengling Cai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Lanzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhengling","middleName":"","lastName":"Cai","suffix":""},{"id":435945645,"identity":"d67a1e58-4500-45f9-b385-9d2d6f16bdd4","order_by":6,"name":"Hongchao Zuo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Lanzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongchao","middleName":"","lastName":"Zuo","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-10 07:22:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6192784/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6192784/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":82555309,"identity":"4abb0589-ea57-48aa-8b78-4e478ca6ca28","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-12 22:57:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1757253,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptTCR0307.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6192784/v1_covered_ba720be3-817a-460f-9db0-de2761d9ce09.pdf"},{"id":81015554,"identity":"de7829ce-5ec3-4fd9-9bb8-f12bf7beb785","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-21 08:52:10","extension":"docx","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":42990,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"supplementarymaterial.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6192784/v1/ef387fc20aa73905ec235c4d.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Analysis of Extreme Precipitation and its Typical Synoptic Patterns over the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Extreme Precipitation, URYR, Synoptic Patterns, Circulation anomalies, Moisture budget","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6192784/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6192784/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe frequency of disasters induced by extreme precipitation (EP) in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin (URYR) has increased notably. We conducted a comprehensive investigation into the EP and its associated synoptic patterns in the URYR. The circulations associated with EP events are categorized into three distinct types: Eastward\u0026ndash;Moving Cold and Low (Type 1), Westward\u0026ndash;Extension Western Pacific Subtropical High (Type 2), and Cut\u0026ndash;Off Cyclone (Type 3). By subtracting the climatological state, anomalies in the geopotential height field, wind field, temperature field, and moisture were systematically analyzed for each type. Additionally, the mechanisms driving EP were comprehensively examined using the moisture budget and moist static energy equations. Type 1, the most frequently occurring pattern, is closely linked with a high prevalence of plateau shear and is predominantly associated with negative anomalies in both geopotential height and temperature fields; moisture largely originates from the Bay of Bengal and the Southeast Coast; and the zonal scale of ascending motion is the largest, accompanied by a relatively large area scale of EP. Type 2 is characterized by the most pronounced extreme properties, corresponding to positive anomalies in both geopotential height and temperature fields; moisture is primarily sourced from the Western Pacific Subtropical High, accompanied by the strongest ascending motion dynamics in the northern segment. Type 3, the least frequent pattern, is characterized by an exceptionally deep and persistent Cut\u0026ndash;Off Cyclone, with meridional wind components in advecting cold and moist air contributing most to URYR. And the regions with the highest moisture convergence and the most pronounced vertical ascending motion show a strong correlation with the locations of observation stations where the EP events are recorded.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis of Extreme Precipitation and its Typical Synoptic Patterns over the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-21 08:44:06","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6192784/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1ea34bc2-2f03-40b4-937b-06aa63163c44","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 21st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-12T22:49:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-21 08:44:06","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6192784","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6192784","identity":"rs-6192784","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}