Preprint_a_transdiagnostic_approach_to_neurodiversity_in_a_representative_population_sample_the_N+4_model_Updated_01_02_24

Neurodevelopmental conditions show considerable phenotypic variability, and high rates of co-diagnosis. 995 adults from the UK completed self-report broader phenotype measures for six neurodevelopmental conditions. We found that a single “N-factor” accounted for the most overall variance on all measures, whilst four further factors accounted for additional unique variance in traits associated with autism, ADHD, cortical hyperexcitability, and dyslexia/DCD.This N+4 factor structure suggests that broader phenotype scales measure both general “neurodiversity” plus variability in traits that are more condition specific; distinguishing these sources of variance may be helpful when exploring the wide variety of experiences and needs of people with a neurodevelopmental diagnosis.