Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia

Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild... | F1000Research "use strict";function _typeof(t){return(_typeof="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}!function(){var t=function(){var t,e,o=[],n=window,r=n;for(;r;){try{if(r.frames.__tcfapiLocator){t=r;break}}catch(t){}if(r===n.top)break;r=r.parent}t||(!function t(){var e=n.document,o=!!n.frames.__tcfapiLocator;if(!o)if(e.body){var r=e.createElement("iframe");r.style.cssText="display:none",r.name="__tcfapiLocator",e.body.appendChild(r)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!o}(),n.__tcfapi=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),r=0;r 3&&2===parseInt(n[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof n[3]&&(e=n[3],"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===n[0]?"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]({gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):o.push(n)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(t){var e="string"==typeof t.data,o={};if(e)try{o=JSON.parse(t.data)}catch(t){}else o=t.data;var n="object"===_typeof(o)&&null!==o?o.__tcfapiCall:null;n&&window.__tcfapi(n.command,n.version,(function(o,r){var a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:o,success:r,callId:n.callId}};t&&t.source&&t.source.postMessage&&t.source.postMessage(e?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),n.parameter)}),!1))};"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t:t()}(); dataLayer = dataLayer || []; // Standard GTM initialization - Google Consent Mode handles consent automatically (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+ '>m_auth=hzk0Vc3qFsQYhCrIoHz68A>m_preview=env-1>m_cookies_win=x';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MWFK8L5J'); ;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"438030",trustKey:"438030",agentID:"772317073",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073"} ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073",sa:1} ;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.236.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,r={5763:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P_:()=>l,Mt:()=>g,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>v,OP:()=>T,lF:()=>D,Yu:()=>y,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>b,sU:()=>_});var n=r(8632),i=r(9567);const o={beacon:n.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:n.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,n.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}var u=r(7056);const d=()=>{const e={blockSelector:"[data-nr-block]",maskInputOptions:{password:!0}};return{allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:u.oD,inactiveMs:u.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampleRate:.1,errorSampleRate:.1,maskTextSelector:"*",maskAllInputs:!0,get blockClass(){return"nr-block"},get ignoreClass(){return"nr-ignore"},get maskTextClass(){return"nr-mask"},get blockSelector(){return e.blockSelector},set blockSelector(t){e.blockSelector+=",".concat(t)},get maskInputOptions(){return e.maskInputOptions},set maskInputOptions(t){e.maskInputOptions={...t,password:!0}}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}}},f={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");f[e]=(0,i.D)(t,d()),(0,n.Qy)(e,f[e],"config")}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=l(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i {r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>n});const n="1.236.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{FN:()=>a,IF:()=>u,Nk:()=>f,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,pL:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>d});const n="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=n?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=""+o?.location,s=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent),c=s&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,u=(()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),d=Boolean(n&&window.document.documentMode),f=!!navigator.sendBeacon},1117:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(2177),i=r(1284),o=r(4322),a=r(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=[...s[e]];function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u {let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},2177:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{c:()=>f,ee:()=>u});var n=r(8632),i=r(2210),o=r(1284),a=r(5763),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new d}function h(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},f={},g=!1;try{g=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var p={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:v,get:x,listeners:w,context:m,buffer:A,abort:h,aborted:!1,isBuffering:E,debugId:r,backlog:g?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return p;function m(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function v(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=m(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;fn,p:()=>i});var n=r(2177).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4322:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(5546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}},4402:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Ht:()=>u,M:()=>c,Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var n=r(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++r).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s {r.d(t,{Bq:()=>n,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const n="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},7894:(e,t,r)=>{function n(){return Math.round(performance.now())}r.d(t,{z:()=>n})},7243:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{e:()=>o});var n=r(385),i={};function o(e){if(e in i)return i[e];if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};let t;var r=n._A?.location,o={};if(n.il)t=document.createElement("a"),t.href=e;else try{t=new URL(e,r.href)}catch(e){return o}o.port=t.port;var a=t.href.split("://");!o.port&&a[1]&&(o.port=a[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===a[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=t.hostname||r.hostname,o.pathname=t.pathname,o.protocol=a[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var s=!t.protocol||":"===t.protocol||t.protocol===r.protocol,c=t.hostname===r.hostname&&t.port===r.port;return o.sameOrigin=s&&(!t.hostname||c),"/"===o.pathname&&(i[e]=o),o}},50:(e,t,r)=>{function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},2587:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>u});var n=r(2177),i=r(5546),o=r(8e3),a=r(3325);const s={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;void 0===u[t]&&(s[t]?s[t].forEach((e=>{n?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,r):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,r),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(n)],void 0,e,r)})):n&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,r),u[t]=Boolean(n))})),Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{void 0===u[e]&&(s[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,r))),u[e]=!1)})),(0,o.L)(t,a.D.pageViewEvent))}const u={}},2210:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n});const n=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[r,n]=e;return t(r,n)}))},4351:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P:()=>o});var n=r(2177);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(7894),i=r(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},7956:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>i});var n=r(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"==document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},1214:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{em:()=>v,u5:()=>N,QU:()=>S,_L:()=>I,Gm:()=>L,Lg:()=>M,gy:()=>U,BV:()=>Q,Kf:()=>ee});var n=r(2177);const i="nr@original";var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,a=!1;function s(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");var a,s,c,u="-"===n.charAt(0);for(c=0;c 2?n-2:0),o=2;o {r(A[T],e,w),r(E[T],e,w)})),r(l._A,"fetch",y),t.on(y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(y+"done",[e],n)})),t}const O={},j=["pushState","replaceState"];function S(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("history")}(e);return!l.il||O[t.debugId]++||(O[t.debugId]=1,s(t).inPlace(window.history,j,"-")),t}var P=r(3239);const C={},R=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function I(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!l.il||C[t.debugId])return t;C[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,o=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,a=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function c(e,t){var r=e.match(a),n=r[1],i=r[3];return i?c(i,t[n]):t[n]}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,R,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var n=(a=e.src,s=a.match(i),s?s[1]:null);var a,s;if(!n)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(o);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:c(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(n);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function f(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}function l(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}var k=r(5763);const H={};function L(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!l.il||H[t.debugId])return t;H[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=k.Yu.MO;return i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof i?new i(r(e,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype),t}const z={};function M(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(z[t.debugId])return t;z[t.debugId]=!0;var r=n.c,o=s(t),a=k.Yu.PR;return a&&function(){function e(r){var n=t.context(),i=o(r,"executor-",n,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(a,[i],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return n},s}l._A.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return a.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=a.prototype;const n=a.prototype.then;a.prototype.then=function(){var e=this,i=r(e);i.promise=e;for(var a=arguments.length,s=new Array(a),c=0;c e())),t};function m(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",E)}function b(){var e=this,t=r.context(e);e.readyState>3&&!t.resolved&&(t.resolved=!0,r.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,f,"fn-",E)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,p),p.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(p.prototype,J,"-xhr-",E),r.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){m(e,t),function(e){h.push(e),a&&(y?y.then(A):u?u(A):(w=-w,x.data=w))}(t)})),r.on("open-xhr-start",m),a){var y=c&&c.resolve();if(!u&&!c){var w=1,x=document.createTextNode(w);new a(A).observe(x,{characterData:!0})}}else t.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||A()}));function A(){for(var e=0;e {r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.ajax},6660:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{A:()=>i,t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.jserrors,i="nr@seenError"},3081:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},4649:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageAction},7633:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Dz:()=>i,OJ:()=>a,qw:()=>o,t9:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewEvent,i="firstbyte",o="domcontent",a="windowload"},9251:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewTiming},3614:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BST_RESOURCE:()=>i,END:()=>s,FEATURE_NAME:()=>n,FN_END:()=>u,FN_START:()=>c,PUSH_STATE:()=>d,RESOURCE:()=>o,START:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState"},7836:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BODY:()=>A,CB_END:()=>E,CB_START:()=>u,END:()=>x,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FETCH:()=>_,FETCH_BODY:()=>v,FETCH_DONE:()=>m,FETCH_START:()=>p,FN_END:()=>c,FN_START:()=>s,INTERACTION:()=>l,INTERACTION_API:()=>d,INTERACTION_EVENTS:()=>o,JSONP_END:()=>b,JSONP_NODE:()=>g,JS_TIME:()=>T,MAX_TIMER_BUDGET:()=>a,REMAINING:()=>f,SPA_NODE:()=>h,START:()=>w,originalSetTimeout:()=>y});var n=r(5763);const i=r(3325).D.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",f="remaining",l="interaction",h="spaNode",g="jsonpNode",p="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=n.Yu.ST,w="-start",x="-end",A="-body",E="cb"+x,T="jsTime",_="fetch"},5938:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(5763),i=r(2177);class o{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1}}},9144:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{j:()=>m});var n=r(3325),i=r(5763),o=r(5546),a=r(2177),s=r(7894),c=r(8e3),u=r(3960),d=r(385),f=r(50),l=r(3081),h=r(8632);function g(){const e=(0,h.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i 1?r-1:0),i=1;i {e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...n))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...n)}}))}var p=r(2587);function m(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},m=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,v=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:b,info:y,loader_config:w,runtime:x={loaderType:m},exposed:A=!0}=t;const E=(0,h.gG)();y||(b=E.init,y=E.info,w=E.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,b||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,w||{}),(0,i.sU)(e,x),y.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(y.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,y),g();const T=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const h={};var g=a.ee.get(e),p=g.get("tracer"),m="api-",v=m+"ixn-";function b(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),x(m,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>h[e]=x(m,e,!0,"api"))),h.addPageAction=x(m,"addPageAction",!0,n.D.pageAction),h.setCurrentRouteName=x(m,"routeName",!0,n.D.spa),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,x(m,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of was provided."))}else(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(v+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,r],i,n.D.spa,g),function(){if(p.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],r),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw p.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{p.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],r)}}}};function x(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,g),r?void 0:this}}function A(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,f.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=x(v,e,void 0,n.D.spa)})),h.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,n.D.jserrors,g)},d.il?(0,u.b)((()=>A()),!0):A(),h}(e,v);return(0,h.Qy)(e,T,"api"),(0,h.Qy)(e,A,"exposed"),(0,h.EZ)("activatedFeatures",p.T),T}},3325:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",242:"session-manager",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",412:"lazy-feature-loader",439:"async-api",538:"recorder",590:"session_replay-aggregate",675:"compressor",733:"session_trace-aggregate",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"ac76d497",147:"3dc53903",148:"1a20d5fe",242:"2a64278a",317:"49e41428",348:"bd6de33a",412:"2f55ce66",439:"30bd804e",538:"1b18459f",590:"cf0efb30",675:"ae9f91a8",733:"83105561",786:"06482edd",860:"03a8b7a5",873:"e6b09d52",898:"998ef92b"}[e]+"-1.236.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d {s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(h);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},h=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.j=364,i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={364:0,953:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u {i.r(o);var e=i(3325),t=i(5763);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(9144);var s=i(5546),c=i(385),u=i(8e3),d=i(5938),f=i(3960),l=i(50);class h extends d.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,this.featAggregate,this.onAggregateImported,n&&(0,u.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;const r=c.il&&!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let t;try{if(r){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await Promise.all([i.e(860),i.e(242)]).then(i.bind(i,3228));t=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",e)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,t))return void(0,u.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName);const{lazyFeatureLoader:r}=await i.e(412).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:o}=await r(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new o(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,e),n(!0)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),e),this.abortHandler?.(),n(!1)}};c.il?(0,f.b)((()=>o()),!0):o()}shouldImportAgg(r,n){return r!==e.D.sessionReplay||!1!==(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!n?.isNew||!!n?.state.sessionReplay)}}var g=i(7633),p=i(7894);class m extends h{static featureName=g.t9;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,g.t9,i),("undefined"==typeof PerformanceNavigationTiming||c.Tt)&&"undefined"!=typeof PerformanceTiming){const n=(0,t.OP)(r);n[g.Dz]=Math.max(Date.now()-n.offset,0),(0,f.K)((()=>n[g.qw]=Math.max((0,p.z)()-n[g.Dz],0))),(0,f.b)((()=>{const t=(0,p.z)();n[g.OJ]=Math.max(t-n[g.Dz],0),(0,s.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}this.importAggregator()}}var v=i(1117),b=i(1284);class y extends v.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,b.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=w(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,b.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=w(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=x(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=w(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i t.max&&(t.max=e),e 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,r,j.t,n),c.il&&((0,t.OP)(e).initHidden=Boolean("hidden"===document.visibilityState),(0,N.N)((()=>(0,s.p)("docHidden",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,O.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,s.p)("winPagehide",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var P=i(3081);class C extends h{static featureName=P.t9;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,P.t9,r),this.importAggregator()}}var R,I=i(2210),k=i(1214),H=i(2177),L={};try{R=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(L.console=!0,-1!==R.indexOf("dev")&&(L.dev=!0),-1!==R.indexOf("nr_dev")&&(L.nrDev=!0))}catch(e){}function z(e){try{L.console&&z(e)}catch(e){}}L.nrDev&&H.ee.on("internal-error",(function(e){z(e.stack)})),L.dev&&H.ee.on("fn-err",(function(e,t,r){z(r.stack)})),L.dev&&(z("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),z("flags: "+(0,b.D)(L,(function(e,t){return e})).join(", ")));var M=i(6660);class B extends h{static featureName=M.t;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,M.t,i),this.skipNext=0;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}const o=this;o.ee.on("fn-start",(function(e,t,r){o.abortHandler&&(o.skipNext+=1)})),o.ee.on("fn-err",(function(t,r,n){o.abortHandler&&!n[M.A]&&((0,I.X)(n,M.A,(function(){return!0})),this.thrown=!0,(0,s.p)("err",[n,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee))})),o.ee.on("fn-end",(function(){o.abortHandler&&!this.thrown&&o.skipNext>0&&(o.skipNext-=1)})),o.ee.on("internal-error",(function(t){(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee)})),this.origOnerror=c._A.onerror,c._A.onerror=this.onerrorHandler.bind(this),c._A.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(t=>{const r=function(e){let t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(e instanceof Error)try{return e.message=t+e.message,e}catch(t){return e}if(void 0===e)return new Error(t);try{return new Error(t+(0,D.P)(e))}catch(e){return new Error(t)}}(t.reason);(0,s.p)("err",[r,(0,p.z)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1}],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}),(0,O.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),(0,k.gy)(this.ee),(0,k.BV)(this.ee),(0,k.em)(this.ee),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}onerrorHandler(t,r,n,i,o){"function"==typeof this.origOnerror&&this.origOnerror(...arguments);try{this.skipNext?this.skipNext-=1:(0,s.p)("err",[o||new F(t,r,n),(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(t){try{(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(e){}}return!1}}function F(e,t,r){this.message=e||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r}let U=1;const q="nr@id";function G(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===c._A?0:(0,I.X)(e,q,(function(){return U++}))}function V(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,D.P)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var X=i(7243);class W{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.generateTracePayload=this.generateTracePayload.bind(this),this.shouldGenerateTrace=this.shouldGenerateTrace.bind(this)}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var r=(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!r)return null;var n=(r.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(r.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(r.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,_.M)(),s=(0,_.Ht)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof c._A?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,D.P)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var r=!1,n={};if((0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(n=(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)r=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var i=0;i 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,Z.t,i),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(this.dt=new W(r),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,s.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee),(0,k.u5)(this.ee),(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),function(r,n,i,o){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=E,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){_(t,e)}),(0,O.m$)(!1)),c.IF||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,O.m$)(!1))}function s(e){this.params={method:e[0]},T(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function u(e,n){var i=(0,t.DL)(r);i.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",i.xpid);var a=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(a){var s=!1;a.newrelicHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("newrelic",a.newrelicHeader),s=!0),a.traceContextParentHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("traceparent",a.traceContextParentHeader),a.traceContextStateHeader&&n.setRequestHeader("tracestate",a.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=a)}}function d(e,t){var r=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(r&&i){var a=V(i);a&&(r.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(t)}catch(e){try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s 1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}else e[0]&&e[0].headers&&s(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function x(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof Y?r=i.url:c._A?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),T(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof Y&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.txSize=V(n.body)||0}function A(t,r){var n;this.endTime=(0,p.z)(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=r?r.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var o={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,p.z)()-this.startTime};i("xhr",[this.params,o,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,e.D.ajax)}function E(t){var r=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var o=0;o 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,we.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,_.ky)(16);c._A?(this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new y({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(m),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()):(0,l.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const n=function(t){switch(t){case e.D.ajax:return[e.D.jserrors];case e.D.sessionTrace:return[e.D.ajax,e.D.pageViewEvent];case e.D.sessionReplay:return[e.D.sessionTrace];case e.D.pageViewTiming:return[e.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);n.every((e=>r[e]))||(0,l.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,D.P)(n),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,T.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,T.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[J,m,S,class extends h{static featureName=oe;constructor(t,r){if(super(t,r,oe,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;const n=this.ee;let i;(0,k.QU)(n),this.eventsEE=(0,k.em)(n),this.eventsEE.on(se,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,p.z)()})),this.eventsEE.on(ae,(function(t,r){(0,s.p)("bst",[t[0],r,this.bstStart,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),n.on(ce+ne,(function(e){this.time=(0,p.z)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),n.on(ce+ie,(function(t){(0,s.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)}));try{i=new PerformanceObserver((t=>{const r=t.getEntries();(0,s.p)(te,[r],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),i.observe({type:re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator({resourceObserver:i})}},C,xe,B,class extends h{static featureName=de;constructor(e,r){if(super(e,r,de,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;if(!(0,t.OP)(e).xhrWrappable)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let n,i=0;const o=this.ee.get("tracer"),a=(0,k._L)(this.ee),s=(0,k.Lg)(this.ee),u=(0,k.BV)(this.ee),d=(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),f=this.ee.get("events"),l=(0,k.u5)(this.ee),h=(0,k.QU)(this.ee),g=(0,k.Gm)(this.ee);function m(e,t){h.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function v(){i++,n=window.location.hash,this[ve]=(0,p.z)()}function b(){i--,window.location.hash!==n&&m(0,!0);var e=(0,p.z)();this[pe]=~~this[pe]+e-this[ve],this[ye]=e}function y(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,p.z)()}))}this.ee.on(ve,v),s.on(be,v),a.on(be,v),this.ee.on(ye,b),s.on(ge,b),a.on(ge,b),this.ee.buffer([ve,ye,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),f.buffer([ve],this.featureName),u.buffer(["setTimeout"+le,"clearTimeout"+fe,ve],this.featureName),d.buffer([ve,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+fe],this.featureName),l.buffer([me+fe,me+"-done",me+he+fe,me+he+le],this.featureName),h.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),g.buffer([ve],this.featureName),s.buffer(["propagate",be,ge,"executor-err","resolve"+fe],this.featureName),o.buffer([ve,"no-"+ve],this.featureName),a.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),y(l,me+fe),y(l,me+"-done"),y(a,"new-jsonp"),y(a,"jsonp-end"),y(a,"cb-start"),h.on("pushState-end",m),h.on("replaceState-end",m),window.addEventListener("hashchange",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){m(0,i>1)}),(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}],loaderType:"spa"})})(),window.NRBA=o})(); window.jQuery || document.write(' ') CKEDITOR_BASEPATH='https://f1000research.com/js/vendor/ckeditor/' window.reactTheme = 'research'; window.MathJax = { CommonHTML: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, 'HTML-CSS': { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, AuthorInit: function() { MathJax.Hub.Register.MessageHook('End Process', function () { let timeout = false; // holder for timeout id const delay = 250; // delay after event is "complete" to run callback const reflowMath = function() { const dispFormulas = document.querySelectorAll('.disp-formula.panel'); if (!dispFormulas) { return; } for (const dispFormula of dispFormulas) { const child = dispFormula.querySelector('.MathJax_Preview').nextSibling.firstChild; const isMultiline = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax(dispFormula)[0].root.isMultiline; if (dispFormula.offsetWidth < child.offsetWidth || isMultiline) { MathJax.Hub.Queue(['Rerender', MathJax.Hub, dispFormula]); } } }; window.addEventListener('resize', function() { clearTimeout(timeout); // clear the timeout timeout = setTimeout(reflowMath, delay); // start timing for event "completion" }); }); }, }; if (window.location.hash == '#_=_'){ window.location = window.location.href.split('#')[0] } !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function() {n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)} ;if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1641728616063202'); fbq('track', "PixelInitialized", {}); (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:2318163,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); search file_upload Submit your research search menu close search Browse Gateways & Collections How to Publish Submit your Research My Submissions Article Guidelines Article Guidelines (New Versions) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines Open Data and Accessible Source Materials Guidelines (HSS) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines (PSE) Prepublication Checks Production Process Posters and Slides Guidelines Document Guidelines Article Processing Charges Peer Review Finding Article Reviewers About How it Works For Reviewers Our Advisors Policies Glossary FAQs For Developers Newsroom Contact My Research Submissions Content and Tracking Alerts My Details Sign In file_upload Submit your research { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898" }, "headline": "Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia", "datePublished": "2021-09-07T16:36:00", "dateModified": "2021-09-07T16:36:00", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Joni Wahyuhadi" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Erwin Astha Triyono" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Christijogo Soemartono Waloejo" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Agus Harianto" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Halim Priyahau Jaya" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Fauqa Arinil Aulia" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Nalendra Djaya Iswara" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "M. Arif Harianto" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Krisna Murti" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Sriyono Sriyono" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ninis Herlina Kiranasari" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Nurarifah Destianizar Ali" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Michael Austin Pradipta Lusida" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Claudia Herda Asyari" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Friedrich Rabin Situmorang" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Nabilah Nabilah" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Muhammad Reza Arifianto" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Langgeng Agung Waskito" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Makhyan Jibril Al Farabi" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "F1000Research", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 480, "width": 60 } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 1200, "width": 150 }, "description": " Background Though coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been designated as a global pandemic, its nature as a viral infection means that it is essentially a self-limiting disease. We studied the application of symptomatic, isolation, relaxation, nutrition and observation (SIRNO) therapy in patients with asymptomatic and mild symptoms of COVID-19 at a rescue hospital in Indonesia. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study involving 2122 patients who were admitted to Indrapura Field Hospital in Surabaya from 28 May 2020 to 20 September 2020. We analyzed demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory data, therapy and clinical outcomes. Result The total sample of 2122 patients consisted of 1403 male patients (66.12%), and 719 female patients (33.88 %). The most common age range was 26-45 years, at 52.54% (1115 patients). The clinical symptoms of 1121 patients (52.8%) were asymptomatic, 977 patients (46%) had mild symptoms, and 24 patients (0.1%) had moderate symptoms. All patients received the SIRNO therapy method. From a total of 2122 patients, 1930 patients (90.9%) were cured, 181 patients (8.5%) are still being treated, seven patients (0.03%) were referred for indications of desaturation (SpO2 <94%), and four patients (0.01%) were moved to a referral hospital. Until 20 September 2020, the final date studied, there were no patient deaths. Conclusion The SIRNO method provides excellent results in the management of COVID-19 at a rescue hospital for patients with asymptomatic and mild symptoms. Economic pharmacological research can initiate a follow-up study in order to objectively measure the effectiveness and efficiency of SIRNO treatment methods in patients with asymptomatic, mild symptoms of COVID-19, and the small number of 24 patients (0,.1%) with moderate symptoms. " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898/v1", "name": "Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19..." } } ] } Home Browse Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Wahyuhadi J, Triyono EA, Waloejo CS et al. Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2021, 10 :898 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52833.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Research Article Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] Joni Wahyuhadi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-4811 1 , Erwin Astha Triyono 2 , Christijogo Soemartono Waloejo 3 , [...] Agus Harianto 4 , Halim Priyahau Jaya 4 , Fauqa Arinil Aulia 4 , Nalendra Djaya Iswara 5 , M. Arif Harianto 6 , Krisna Murti 6 , Sriyono Sriyono 7 , Ninis Herlina Kiranasari 8 , Nurarifah Destianizar Ali 4 , Michael Austin Pradipta Lusida 4 , Claudia Herda Asyari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-4994 4 , Friedrich Rabin Situmorang 4 , Nabilah Nabilah 2 , Muhammad Reza Arifianto 1 , Langgeng Agung Waskito 2 , Makhyan Jibril Al Farabi 9 Joni Wahyuhadi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-4811 1 , Erwin Astha Triyono 2 , [...] Christijogo Soemartono Waloejo 3 , Agus Harianto 4 , Halim Priyahau Jaya 4 , Fauqa Arinil Aulia 4 , Nalendra Djaya Iswara 5 , M. Arif Harianto 6 , Krisna Murti 6 , Sriyono Sriyono 7 , Ninis Herlina Kiranasari 8 , Nurarifah Destianizar Ali 4 , Michael Austin Pradipta Lusida 4 , Claudia Herda Asyari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-4994 4 , Friedrich Rabin Situmorang 4 , Nabilah Nabilah 2 , Muhammad Reza Arifianto 1 , Langgeng Agung Waskito 2 , Makhyan Jibril Al Farabi 9 PUBLISHED 07 Sep 2021 Author details Author details 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 4 Department of Health Service, Indrapura Field Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia 5 Joint Command of Region III Indrapura, The Indonesian Regional Military Commands, Surabaya, Indonesia 6 Head of Health Military Regional Command V Brawijaya, The Indonesian Regional Military Commands, Surabaya, Indonesia 7 East Java Regional Disaster Management Agency, National Disaster Management Agency, Surabaya, Indonesia 8 Department of Health Service, East Java Provincial Health Office, Surabaya, Indonesia 9 Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Joni Wahyuhadi Roles: Conceptualization, Funding Acquisition, Project Administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Erwin Astha Triyono Roles: Conceptualization, Project Administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Christijogo Soemartono Waloejo Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing Agus Harianto Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Project Administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Halim Priyahau Jaya Roles: Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Fauqa Arinil Aulia Roles: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Nalendra Djaya Iswara Roles: Project Administration, Supervision M. Arif Harianto Roles: Project Administration, Supervision Krisna Murti Roles: Project Administration, Supervision Sriyono Sriyono Roles: Project Administration, Supervision Ninis Herlina Kiranasari Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Project Administration, Supervision Nurarifah Destianizar Ali Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Michael Austin Pradipta Lusida Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Claudia Herda Asyari Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Friedrich Rabin Situmorang Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Nabilah Nabilah Roles: Formal Analysis, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Muhammad Reza Arifianto Roles: Formal Analysis, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Langgeng Agung Waskito Roles: Formal Analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Makhyan Jibril Al Farabi Roles: Conceptualization, Project Administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS This article is included in the Emerging Diseases and Outbreaks gateway. This article is included in the Coronavirus (COVID-19) collection. Abstract Background Though coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been designated as a global pandemic, its nature as a viral infection means that it is essentially a self-limiting disease. We studied the application of symptomatic, isolation, relaxation, nutrition and observation (SIRNO) therapy in patients with asymptomatic and mild symptoms of COVID-19 at a rescue hospital in Indonesia. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study involving 2122 patients who were admitted to Indrapura Field Hospital in Surabaya from 28 May 2020 to 20 September 2020. We analyzed demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory data, therapy and clinical outcomes. Result The total sample of 2122 patients consisted of 1403 male patients (66.12%), and 719 female patients (33.88 %). The most common age range was 26-45 years, at 52.54% (1115 patients). The clinical symptoms of 1121 patients (52.8%) were asymptomatic, 977 patients (46%) had mild symptoms, and 24 patients (0.1%) had moderate symptoms. All patients received the SIRNO therapy method. From a total of 2122 patients, 1930 patients (90.9%) were cured, 181 patients (8.5%) are still being treated, seven patients (0.03%) were referred for indications of desaturation (SpO2 <94%), and four patients (0.01%) were moved to a referral hospital. Until 20 September 2020, the final date studied, there were no patient deaths. Conclusion The SIRNO method provides excellent results in the management of COVID-19 at a rescue hospital for patients with asymptomatic and mild symptoms. Economic pharmacological research can initiate a follow-up study in order to objectively measure the effectiveness and efficiency of SIRNO treatment methods in patients with asymptomatic, mild symptoms of COVID-19, and the small number of 24 patients (0,.1%) with moderate symptoms. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Symptomatic, Isolation, Relaxation, Nutrition, Observation, COVID-19 Corresponding Author(s) Joni Wahyuhadi ( [email protected] ) Erwin Astha Triyono ( [email protected] ) Makhyan Jibril Al Farabi ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding authors: Joni Wahyuhadi, Erwin Astha Triyono, Makhyan Jibril Al Farabi Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2021 Wahyuhadi J et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Wahyuhadi J, Triyono EA, Waloejo CS et al. Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2021, 10 :898 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52833.1 ) First published: 07 Sep 2021, 10 :898 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52833.1 ) Latest published: 07 Sep 2021, 10 :898 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52833.1 ) Editorial note: Editorial Note (20 th October 2023): The F1000 Editorial Team has not yet received a new version of this article, as detailed in the Editorial Notes published on 16 th June and 4 th August 2023. The F1000 Editorial Team will no longer be requesting a new version from the authors. Readers should be aware that there is key information missing from the article regarding the informed consent procedure and ethical approval; this information had been previously given to and verified by the F1000 Editorial Team, but the authors have not yet updated their article. Peer review activity remains suspended until the authors publish a new version of this article. Editorial Note (4 th August 2023): The F1000 Editorial Team has not yet received a new version of this article, as detailed in the Editorial Note published on 16 th June 2023. The F1000 Editorial Team is actively contacting the authors to request the new version of the article. Peer review activity remains suspended until the authors publish a new version of this article. Editorial Note (16 th June 2023): Since publication, it has been brought to the attention of the Editorial Team that the article was missing key information regarding the informed consent procedure and ethical approval. The Editorial Team requested further detail and an explanation from the authors in March 2023. The authors provided an adequate response in May 2023 and were requested by the Editorial Team to create a new version of the article to include the additional details. Peer review activity has been suspended until the authors publish a new version of this article. Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global public health issue that was confirmed as a pandemic in March 2020. Defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 is caused by a new coronavirus called the 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) 1 . However, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses named the novel coronavirus as "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2) 2 . On September 21, 2020, a total of 30,675,675 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported in more than 216 countries, including 954,417 deaths, resulting in a mortality rate of 3.1%. In Indonesia , the total number of cases was 248,852 with a death rate of 9,677, while in East Java the total number of cases was 40,708 (16.35%) with a mortality rate of 7.28 %, or 2,695 patients 3 . As the number of COVID-19 sufferers in some countries continues to increase, as well as the deaths resulting from it, epidemiological studies are very important in order to determine the source of transmission and devise effective and efficient therapeutic methods 4 . Although the understanding of COVID-19 epidemiology continues to develop, it is assumed that SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted through droplets and close contact with a person that is carrying the virus 4 and the likelihood of death strongly depends on the methods of therapy and comorbidities found in patients. COVID-19 has a very wide clinical output, from asymptomatic to severe and critical symptoms; more than 75% cases are asymptomatic cases 5 . Among those symptomatic patients, clinical presentations of this include fever, non-productive cough, dyspnea, myalgia, fatigue, normal or decreased leukocytes count, and radiography evidence of pneumonia 6 . Severe complications can include organ dysfunction, including shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute heart injury and acute kidney injury. These manifestations may continue and lead to death 7 . The WHO recommended therapies for asymptomatic and mild symptomatic COVID-19 cases are symptomatic, isolation, and observation, related to complaints as well as the monitoring of vital signs and the progress of the disease. In addition, highly nutritional therapy 8 and relaxation are also needed in the form of light exercise, communication with fellow patients, a psychological approach and calming of the patient with spiritual lectures and studies into religion, as well as a relaxed atmosphere in the hospital 9 . This approach was based on the nature of viral infection which is a self-limiting disease. Viruses that enter the body will be countered by our body's defense system, either naturally via non-specific defences, or specific antibodies. If the body's non-specific defenses are unable to prevent the virus, then the virus will enter the cell, damage the cell and replicate itself. Antiviral drugs specifically for SARS-COV-2 are still in clinical trials, the administration of antiviral side effects damages the body's cells, so the type, time and dosage of its administration must be precise. In addition the effectiveness of virusidal against the virus that causes COVID-19 has not yet been empirically proven. A review of the economic pharmacology also needs to be considered, the efficiency and effectiveness of therapy is key to the success of the therapy method 10 . Kogabwilhan II Indrapuara Field Hospital is a specialized hospital that treats COVID-19 patients, which is confirmed by swab results with positive PCR (polymerase chain reaction) examination infected with SARS-COV-2. The hospital was established for the treatment and isolation of COVID-19 patients without symptoms and with mild symptoms, in an effort to support COVID-19 services in existing referral hospitals. The initiator of the establishment of Indrapuara Field Hospital was the COVID-19 Control Task Force of East Java Province, with financing from the National Disaster centre and fully supported by the Provincial Government of East Java, military regional command V Brawijaya, East Java regional police, the Ministry of Health and the Commander of Joint Command Region II. The purpose of this study is to describe application of symptomatic, isolation, relaxation, nutrition, and observation (SIRNO) therapy for asymptomatic and mild symptomatic patients at rescue field hospital. Methods Study design This study is a retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients who were admitted at Kogabwilhan II Indrapura Field Hospital from 28 May 2020 to 20 September 2020 in Surabaya, East Java Indonesia. This date range was chosen as the opening date of service of the Indrapura Field Hospital for COVID-19 patients. The obtained data was downloaded from the hospital electronic medical records, including demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory data, therapy and clinical outcomes (24). Patient criteria All patients with COVID-19 enrolled in this study diagnosed according to the guidelines for diagnostic criteria from Clinical management of COVID-19: interim guidance (World Health Organization, 27 May 2020). All patients suffered from the infection of SARS-CoV-2, ascertained in the laboratory (the results of RT-PCR [reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction] specific for SARS-CoV-2 was positive). Diagnosis of mild case patients is made based on the criteria of symptomatic patients and meets the definition of COVID-19 cases without evidence of viral pneumonia or hypoxia, and moderate cases of patients with clinical symptoms of pneumonia (fever, cough, dyspnea, rapid breathing) but no sign of severe pneumonia, including SpO2 ≥ 90% in the air of the room. All patients treated in Indrapura field hospital according to the criteria constitute the sample of the study. Data characteristics Data demographic characteristics of patients were obtained with form collection from the electronic medical record. The collected information included age, gender, occupation, and domicile. The patients’ clinical data were data related to current and past patient medical history. Current signs and symptoms were fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, anorexia, muscle pain, headache, chills, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and confusion. Patients’ past history included hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver disease. Serial vital signs included blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, body temperature, oxygen saturation, and body mass index. The date of onset of the disease is defined as the day when symptoms are first known. Determination of COVID-19 positivity was based on RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 from naso/oropharyngeal swabs which were collected on the day of admission and evaluated when patients were discharged. Clinical outcome data, including recovery rates, length of treatment, referred cases and death cases, were also analyzed in this study. SIRNO therapy Symptomatic by providing therapy according to the complaints felt by the patient, such as the administration of antipyretics, anti diarrhea, decongestan, antitussive and so on. Isolation by dividing into red zones for patients, which are not mixed between patients and service providers. The room includes a bed space, space for rest and a field for outdoor activities, as well as a garden. Relaxation by doing gymnastics activities on the field, as well as deep breathing exercises. In addition, there are karaoke activities while still using masks and keeping distance, and regular spiritual and religious lectures and stress management. Nutrition provided is adjusted to the patient's caloric needs and comorbidity. The type of food provided should also meet the balance of macro nutritional needs such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Observations are divided into three shifts, each shift will enter the isolation zone for 3 hours to observe the patient's vital signs, complaints and progress. During observation, patients can also consult both physical and mental complaints such as sleep difficulty and restlessness. Patients can also contact the care team at any time online. All patients are not given antiviral therapy or antibiotics. Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 24. All continuous data is presented as a mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median ± interquartile range (IQR). Categorical data is presented as numbers and percentages. Ethics approval and consent to participate The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital (Surabaya, Indonesia), and Universitas Airlangga Faculty of Medicine (Surabaya, Indonesia). All participants have provided written consent for the usage of their data for research purposes. Results Clinical characteristics From the research period of 28 May to 20 September 2020, a total of 2122 patients were found to fit the research criteria. Of these, 1403 patients (66.12%) were men, with the most common age range of study subjects being 26–45 years of age at 52.54% (1115 patients), while 27.33% were 46–65 years, 17.58% were 12–25 years , 1.51% were 6–11 years and 1.03% were over 65 years. In total, 1656 patients were treated without comorbidities (78%) and 466 patients had comorbidities (21.9%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension, at 286 patients (13.47%), diabetes mellitus at 84 patients (3.95%), while 59 patients (2.78%) were obese. A small number of patients also had various comorbidities such as bronchial asthma, hypertensive heart disease, and coronary heart disease. In terms of patient occupation demographics, 946 patients (44.58%) worked as a private employee, followed by 219 patients (10.3%) as military and police, 130 patients (6.1%) as civil servants, and 73 patients (3.4%) as medical personnel, with details of 68 nurses (3.20%), four doctors (0.18%), and one midwife (0.04%) ( Table 1 ). Table 1. Demographic characteristics of patients at Indrapura Region II Joint Command Field Hospital. Patient Demographics (n = 2122) Value (%) Gender Male 1403 (66.12%) Female 719 (33.8%) Age 6–11 years 32 (1.51%) 12–25 years 373 (17.58%) 26–45 years 1115 (52.54%) 46–65 years 580 (27.33%) > 65 years 22 (1.03%) Occupation Private Employee 946 (44.58%) Military and Police 219 (10.3%) Civil Servant 130 (6.1%) Student 123 (5.8%) Company Employee 94 (4.43%) Housewife 85 (4%) Nurse 68 (3.2%) Teacher 64 (3%) Doctor 4 (0.18%) Midwife 1 (0.04%) Others (Retired, Unemployment) 388 (18.3%) Comorbidity No comorbid 1656 (78%) Hypertension 286 (13.47%) Diabetes mellitus 84 (3.95%) Obesity 59 (2.78%) Asthma 12 (0.56%) Hypertension Heart Disease 7 (0.33%) Others (CHD, stroke, HIV) 18 (0.85%) CHD: Coronary Heart Disease; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Signs and symptoms Of the COVID-19 patients that were treated at Indrapura field hospital, there were 1121 patients (52.8%) without complaint, 977 patients (46%) with mild symptoms, and 24 patients (0.1%) with moderate symptoms. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were coughing in 325 patients (15.3%), followed by a cold in 132 patients (6.2%), anosmia in 110 patients (5.1%), fever in 93 patients (4.3%), nausea in 47 patients (2.2%), headaches in 46 patients (2.1%), and shortness of breath in 39 patients (1.8%). There were also other symptoms that patients complained about such as abdominal pain and diarrhea in 38 patients (1.7%) ( Table 2 ). Table 2. Clinical characteristics of patients at Indrapura Region II Joint Command Field Hospital. Characteristics (n = 2122) Value (%) Severity No Symptoms 1121 (52.82%) Mild 977 (46.04%) Moderate 24 (1.13%) Severe 0 (0%) General Symptoms Cough 325 (15.3%) Cold 132 (6.2%) Anosmia 110 (5.1%) Fever 93 (4.3%) Nausea 47 (2.2%) Headache 46 (2.1%) Dyspnea 39 (1.8%) Others (Abdominal pain, diarrhea) 38 (1.7%) Swab RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 Positive 2122 (100%) Feedback post-treatment 181 (8.5%) Didn’t do the re-swab 129 (71.3%) Did the re-swab 52 (28.7%) Re-swab >15 days 19 (37.3%) Re-swab on day 14 8 (15.3%) Re-swab on day 6 25 (48%) Negative 43 (82.8%) Positive 9 (17.2%) RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2: Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Swab RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 results All RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 swab results were positive for patients treated at Indrapura field hospital. Recovered patients are patients with missing or mildly tolerated clinical symptoms after treatment without symptomatic drugs, and for whom swabs have been negative as much as two times. After leaving the hospital, 181 patients (8.5%) gave feedback related to post-treatment re-swab examination. Of these 181 patients, there were 52 patients (28.7%) who re-examined after exiting the Indrapura field hospital, while 129 patients (71.3%) did not do the re-swab. A total of 19 patients (37.3%) did the re-examination after more than 15 days of returning home, followed by eight patients (15.3%) on the 14th day, and the rest did the examination on the 6th day. Of the 52 patients who did the re-swab, we found 43 patients (82.8%) with negative results, and 9 patients (17.2%) with positive results ( Table 2 ). Therapy All patients treated in Indrapura field hospital received SIRNO therapy which was symptomatic (such as antitussive, expectorant, antipyretic, decongestan, bronchodilator), and involved isolation, relaxation, nutrition, and observation. In addition, patients also received therapy for comorbidities. Until 20 September 2020, 1907 patients (89.87%) received multivitamin therapy (Becefort), 337 patients (15.8%) received N-acetyl cystein therapy 200mg (NAC), 227 patients (10.6%) received decongestant therapy (such as Tremenza and Flutrop), 171 patients (8%) received paracetamol, and 97 patients (4.5%) received lorazepam for anxiety disorders. For hypertensive comorbid therapy, 197 patients (9.28%) received Amlodipine therapy 10mg and 190 patients (8.95%) received Amlodipine 5mg, while 26 patients (1.2%) received candesartan therapy 16mg and 21 patients (0.98%) received Candesartan 8mg. Patients with comorbid diabetes (as many as 37 patients, or 1.74%) received metformin therapy 500mg, Glimepiride therapy 2mg was received by 43 patients (2%), and 16 patients (0.75%) received insulin (Apidra, Novorapid, and Levemir). All patients in Indrapura field hospital had no antiviral therapy, nor corticosteroids ( Table 3 ). Table 3. Characteristics of therapy and clinical outcomes of patients at Indrapura Region II Joint Command Field Hospital. Characteristics (n = 2122) Value (%) Symptomatic Therapy Multivitamins 1907 (89.87%) N-acetylcystein 200mg 337 (15.8%) Decongestants 227 (10.6%) Paracetamol 171 (8%) Lorazepam 97 (4.5%) Comorbid Therapy Amlodipine 10mg 197 (9.28%) Amlodipine 5mg 190 (8.95%) Candesartan 16mg 26 (1.2%) Candesartan 8mg 21 (0.98%) Metformin 500mg 37 (1.74%) Glimepiride 2mg 43 (2%) Insulin 16 (0.75%) Antiviral Therapy 0 (0%) Corticosteroids Therapy 0 (0%) Clinical Outcomes Cured 1930 (90.9%) Being Treated 181 (8.5%) Referred 7 (0.03%) Died 0 (0%) Length of Treatment 28 days 3 (0.15%) Clinical outcomes From a total of 2122 patients, 1930 patients (90.9%) were cured, and 181 patients (8.5%) are still being treated. There were seven patients (0.03%) referred for indications of desaturation (SpO2 <94%), and four patients (0.01%) moved to a referral hospital. No patient died or returned home on their own request (0%). The highest number of patients treated in the Indrapura field hospital based on average length of stay (LOS) was in the group with a LOS of less than 7 days, which was 1399 patients in total (72.48%), followed by the group with a LOS of 8–14 days with 417 patients (21.6%), the group with a LOS of 15–21 days with 91 patients (4.71%), and the group with a LOS of 22–28 with 20 patients (1.04%). Additionally, three patients (0.15%) were treated with a LOS of more than 28 days ( Table 3 ). Discussion COVID-19 has been reported to have caused the deaths of more than one million people, and the nature of viral infection remains a concern of many medical doctors worldwide. As for the asymptomatic and mild symptom cases, isolation and supportive therapy is the recommended approach 11 . The clinical outcome was mainly affected by patient comorbidities, including old age, chronic metabolic diseases, obesity and long term viral exposure 12 . Our data showed various medical comorbidities, with the most common being hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In addition, occupation-based analysis showed most patients were private employees, followed by military and police and civil servants. These occupations were occupations with high risk for contact with other people and high risk for COVID-19 infection 3 . In this study, there were 1238 patients without complaint (58.3%), 325 patients complained of coughing (15.3%), followed by 132 flu patients (6.2%), 110 anosmia patients (5.1%), and 93 fever patients (4.3%). Complaints of nausea, headache, tightness, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were less common. Gastrointestinal complaints were not found in COVID-19 patients in this study. Based on previous research by Ge et al . in 2019, we conducted retrospective research on confirmed patients for 10 months and obtained clinical manifestations of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, ranging from mild non-specific symptoms to severe pneumonia with damage to organ function 13 Common symptoms are fever (77.4–98.6%), cough (59.4–81.8%), fatigue (38.1–69.6%), dyspepsia (3.2–55.0%), myalgia (11.1–34.8%), sputum production (28.2–56.5%), and headaches (6.5–33.9%) 13 . Sore throat, rinorhea, chest pain, hemoptysis, conjunctiva congestion, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting were less frequent 14 . One study showed that 39.6% of the 140 confirmed COVID-19 patients had gastrointestinal symptoms, and 10.1% of patients experienced gastrointestinal discomfort at the onset 13 . SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) infections have many similar clinical symptoms, including fever, cough, myalgia, and dyspnea 15 . However, patients with SARS and MERS had more gastrointestinal symptoms (about a third) than COVID-19 patients 16 . The latest guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 patients indicate that suspected and confirmed cases should be treated in isolated hospitals with effective isolation and protection conditions 17 . As for asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 cases, the WHO recommends that COVID-19 patients are given symptomatic treatments such as antipyretics for fever and pain, adequate nutrition and appropriate rehydration 7 . In this study, it was found that all patients treated at Indrapura field hospital did not receive antiviral therapy. The procedures were provided in the form of isolation, observation, and supportive therapy, symptomatic therapy, multivitamins, nutrition, therapies for comorbidities and randomized control trials such as amplodipine for hypertension, then therapy to reduce symptoms such as N-acetyl cystein (NAC), decongestants, and paracetamol. Indeed, there were several anti-viral drugs available for treating COVID-19 patients. Of the three clinical cohort studies, oseltamivir was used for antiviral therapy in 35.8% of patients, 89.9% of patients, and 92.7% of patients 18 . Another study involved 99 COVID-19 patients, of which 76% received antiviral treatment, including oseltamivir, ganciclovir, and lopinavir and ritonavir tablets, with the duration of antiviral treatment being 3–14 days. Although oseltamivir was widely used in early cohort studies, its effectiveness in treating COVID-19 has not been so clear 13 . To date, there is no evidence to recommend any specific anti-COVID-19 treatment. Large-scale RCT (randomized controlled trial) COVID-19 drugs are still ongoing. The current use of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, oseltamivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, and remdesivir in COVID-19 management is currently based on small-scale clinical studies, which are not enough to draw strong conclusions about its efficacy and safety. Based on clinical pharmacological reviews, the decision to use this drug during the COVID-19 pandemic should consider its potential benefits and risks for patients, as the drug is likely to be effective, available and affordable, with the lowest risk to patients and the public 19 . Therefore, the administration of antivirals is not recommended for infections with no symptoms. To date, isolation and close observation are still considered as better options for asymptomatic patients 20 . With this procedure, in this study, the obtained clinical outcome is 1399 patients (72.48%) with a LOS of less than 7 days, followed by 417 patients (21.6%) with a LOS of 8–14 days, 91 patients (4.71%) with a LOS of 15–21 days, 20 patients (1.04%) with a LOS of 22–28 days, and three patients (0.15%) were treated with a LOS of more than 28 days. In addition, eight patients were referred for clinical worsening indications, two patients moved hospitals, and one patient was in self-isolation. After leaving the hospital, there were 181 patients (8.5%) which gave feedback related to post-treatment re-swab examination. Of these 181 patients, there were 52 patients (28.7%) who were re-examined after exiting the Indrapura field hospital, while 129 patients (71.3%) did not do the re-swab. A total of 19 patients (37.3%) did re-examination after more than 15 days of returning home, followed by eight patients (15.3%) on the 14th day, and the rest did the examination on the sixth day. Of the 52 patients who did the re-swab, we found 43 patients (82.8%) with negative results, and nine patients (17.2%) with positive results. There were several limitations to this study. Firstly, the included subjects in this study were asymptomatic and mild symptom patients without any comparison between the treated and untreated groups, hence we could not generate a good conclusion. Secondly, this study only covers one location with mostly Javanese patients. Since Indonesia does not only consist of Javanese people, a multi-center study involving more patients will give a more comprehensive understanding of the management of COVID-19 patients in Indonesia. Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that SIRNO method provides excellent output in the management of COVID-19 at Indrapura field hospital. Economic pharmacological research can perform a follow-up study in order to objectively measure the effectiveness and efficiency of SIRNO treatment methods in asymptomatic and mild symptomatic infections of COVID-19. Data availability Figshare: Demographic Information Indrapura Field Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia 2122.xlsx. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14412464.v2 21 The project contains the following underlying data: Demographic Information Indrapura Field Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia 2122.xlsx (This is part of the article Therapy for Asymptomatic and Mild Cases of COVID-19 Patients in Indonesia) Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). The full data are not publicly available due to restrictions for ethical reasons, as the information could compromise the privacy of research participants. The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author (Erwin Astha Triyono, [email protected] ) on reasonable request. Faculty Opinions recommended References 1. Jin A, Yan B, Hua W, et al. : Clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Beijing. Biosaf Health. 2020; 2 (2): 104–111. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 2. Gorbalenya A, Baker S, Baric R, et al. : Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus : The species and its viruses - a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group. Nat Microbiol. 2020. 3. Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Penyakit Dalam Indonesia (PAPDI), Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia (PERKI), (PDPI) PDPI, Perhimpunan Dokter Anestisiologi dan Terapi Intensif Indonesia (PERDATIN), Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI): Pedoman Tatalaksana Covid-19. 2nd ed. 2020. Reference Source 4. Wu JT, Leung K, Leung GM: Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10225): 689–97. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 5. Jayaweera M, Perera H, Gunawardana B, et al. : Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy. Environ Res. 2020; 188 : 109819. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 6. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. : Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10223): 497–506. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 7. Gao Z, Xu Y, Sun C, et al. : A systematic review of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021; 54 (1): 12–16. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 8. Brugliera L, Spina A, Castellazzi P, et al. : Nutritional management of COVID-19 patients in a rehabilitation unit. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020; 74 (6): 860–3. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 9. Liu K, Chen Y, Wu D, et al. : Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with COVID-19. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020; 39 : 101132. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 10. Koh J, Shah SU, Chua PEY, et al. : Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Cases During the Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020; 7 : 295. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 11. Lotfi M, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N: Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company’s public news and information. Clin Chim Acta. 2020; 508 : 254–66. 12. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO): Support for Rehabilitation after COVID-19-Related Illness. 2020; 22. Reference Source 13. Ge H, Wang X, Yuan X, et al. : The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020; 39 (6): 1011–1019. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 14. Yang P, Ding Y, Xu Z, et al. : Epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 patients with and without pneumonia in Beijing, China. medRxiv. 2020; 2020.02.28.20028068. Publisher Full Text 15. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. : Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc. 2020; 323 (11): 1061–1069. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 16. de Wit E, van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, et al. : SARS and MERS: Recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. Nature Publishing Group; 2016; 14 (8): 523–34. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 17. Zumla A, Hui DS, Perlman S: Middle East respiratory syndrome. Lancet. Lancet Publishing Group; 2015; 386 (9997): 995–1007. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 18. Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, María MDS, Munitis AE, et al. : Reduction of COVID-19 Anxiety Levels Through Relaxation Techniques: A Study Carried Out in Northern Spain on a Sample of Young University Students. Front Psychol. 2020; 11 : 2038. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 19. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. : Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10223): 507–13. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 20. Instiaty, Darmayani IGAAPS, Marzuki JE, et al. : Antiviral treatment of COVID-19: a clinical pharmacology narrative review. Med J Indones. 2020; 29 (3). Publisher Full Text 21. Joni W: Demographic Information Indrapura Field Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia 2122.xlsx. figshare. Dataset. 2021. http://www.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14412464.v2 Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 07 Sep 2021 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 4 Department of Health Service, Indrapura Field Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia 5 Joint Command of Region III Indrapura, The Indonesian Regional Military Commands, Surabaya, Indonesia 6 Head of Health Military Regional Command V Brawijaya, The Indonesian Regional Military Commands, Surabaya, Indonesia 7 East Java Regional Disaster Management Agency, National Disaster Management Agency, Surabaya, Indonesia 8 Department of Health Service, East Java Provincial Health Office, Surabaya, Indonesia 9 Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Joni Wahyuhadi Roles: Conceptualization, Funding Acquisition, Project Administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Erwin Astha Triyono Roles: Conceptualization, Project Administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Christijogo Soemartono Waloejo Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing Agus Harianto Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Project Administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Halim Priyahau Jaya Roles: Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Fauqa Arinil Aulia Roles: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Nalendra Djaya Iswara Roles: Project Administration, Supervision M. Arif Harianto Roles: Project Administration, Supervision Krisna Murti Roles: Project Administration, Supervision Sriyono Sriyono Roles: Project Administration, Supervision Ninis Herlina Kiranasari Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Project Administration, Supervision Nurarifah Destianizar Ali Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Michael Austin Pradipta Lusida Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Claudia Herda Asyari Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Friedrich Rabin Situmorang Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Nabilah Nabilah Roles: Formal Analysis, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Muhammad Reza Arifianto Roles: Formal Analysis, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Langgeng Agung Waskito Roles: Formal Analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Makhyan Jibril Al Farabi Roles: Conceptualization, Project Administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (1) version 1 Published: 07 Sep 2021, 10:898 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52833.1 Copyright © 2021 Wahyuhadi J et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Wahyuhadi J, Triyono EA, Waloejo CS et al. Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2021, 10 :898 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52833.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 07 Sep 2021 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Jamil KF and Kurniawan MR. Reviewer Report For: Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2021, 10 :898 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.56157.r94781 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898/v1#referee-response-94781 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 22 Dec 2021 Kurnia Fitri Jamil , Division of Tropical Medicine & Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Muhammad Riza Kurniawan , Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.56157.r94781 The suggestions that we can give to the manuscript are: The grammatical errors in the text were quite large in number. Authors need to send the manuscript for proofreading and correction. ... Continue reading READ ALL The suggestions that we can give to the manuscript are: The grammatical errors in the text were quite large in number. Authors need to send the manuscript for proofreading and correction. As highlighted by the authors, the time of the study was short. In my opinion, some of the information provided in the Introduction section is more suitable to be included in the Discussion instead. A lengthy introduction compared to the Discussion might give an impression that available studies in the literature on this matter is more than adequate in contributing the information without the need of the current study. It is better if the authors can provide more updates or additional facts that can be obtained from this study compared to what has already been published in the literature. I suggest comparing the SIRNO method with other therapeutic parameters, but which have similar objectivity, not only in Asia, which can strengthen the results of the study. References: Correct or full citation for reference numbers 2, 21. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Internist; Tropical Diseases and Infectious Consultant; Professor in Internal Medicine We confirm that we have read this submission and believe that we have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Jamil KF and Kurniawan MR. Reviewer Report For: Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2021, 10 :898 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.56157.r94781 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898/v1#referee-response-94781 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 28 Feb 2022 Joni Wahyuhadi , Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 28 Feb 2022 Author Response Thank you very much for your feedback, attached below are my responses The grammatical errors in the text were quite large in number. Authors need to send ... Continue reading Thank you very much for your feedback, attached below are my responses The grammatical errors in the text were quite large in number. Authors need to send the manuscript for proofreading and correction.-> we will revise the grammatical error, thanks for the feedback As highlighted by the authors, the time of the study was short.-> yes exactly, the study was conducted in a short time In my opinion, some of the information provided in the Introduction section is more suitable to be included in the Discussion instead. A lengthy introduction compared to the Discussion might give an impression that available studies in the literature on this matter is more than adequate in contributing the information without the need of the current study.-> we will try to reduce the lengthy discussion in the introduction It is better if the authors can provide more updates or additional facts that can be obtained from this study compared to what has already been published in the literature.-> We will add this part into the discussion I suggest comparing the SIRNO method with other therapeutic parameters, but which have similar objectivity, not only in Asia, which can strengthen the results of the study.-> We will also add this part in the discussion References: Correct or full citation for reference numbers 2, 21. Thanks, we will revise it soon Best regards and many thanks for your review Thank you very much for your feedback, attached below are my responses The grammatical errors in the text were quite large in number. Authors need to send the manuscript for proofreading and correction.-> we will revise the grammatical error, thanks for the feedback As highlighted by the authors, the time of the study was short.-> yes exactly, the study was conducted in a short time In my opinion, some of the information provided in the Introduction section is more suitable to be included in the Discussion instead. A lengthy introduction compared to the Discussion might give an impression that available studies in the literature on this matter is more than adequate in contributing the information without the need of the current study.-> we will try to reduce the lengthy discussion in the introduction It is better if the authors can provide more updates or additional facts that can be obtained from this study compared to what has already been published in the literature.-> We will add this part into the discussion I suggest comparing the SIRNO method with other therapeutic parameters, but which have similar objectivity, not only in Asia, which can strengthen the results of the study.-> We will also add this part in the discussion References: Correct or full citation for reference numbers 2, 21. Thanks, we will revise it soon Best regards and many thanks for your review Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 28 Feb 2022 Joni Wahyuhadi , Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 28 Feb 2022 Author Response Thank you very much for your feedback, attached below are my responses The grammatical errors in the text were quite large in number. Authors need to send ... Continue reading Thank you very much for your feedback, attached below are my responses The grammatical errors in the text were quite large in number. Authors need to send the manuscript for proofreading and correction.-> we will revise the grammatical error, thanks for the feedback As highlighted by the authors, the time of the study was short.-> yes exactly, the study was conducted in a short time In my opinion, some of the information provided in the Introduction section is more suitable to be included in the Discussion instead. A lengthy introduction compared to the Discussion might give an impression that available studies in the literature on this matter is more than adequate in contributing the information without the need of the current study.-> we will try to reduce the lengthy discussion in the introduction It is better if the authors can provide more updates or additional facts that can be obtained from this study compared to what has already been published in the literature.-> We will add this part into the discussion I suggest comparing the SIRNO method with other therapeutic parameters, but which have similar objectivity, not only in Asia, which can strengthen the results of the study.-> We will also add this part in the discussion References: Correct or full citation for reference numbers 2, 21. Thanks, we will revise it soon Best regards and many thanks for your review Thank you very much for your feedback, attached below are my responses The grammatical errors in the text were quite large in number. Authors need to send the manuscript for proofreading and correction.-> we will revise the grammatical error, thanks for the feedback As highlighted by the authors, the time of the study was short.-> yes exactly, the study was conducted in a short time In my opinion, some of the information provided in the Introduction section is more suitable to be included in the Discussion instead. A lengthy introduction compared to the Discussion might give an impression that available studies in the literature on this matter is more than adequate in contributing the information without the need of the current study.-> we will try to reduce the lengthy discussion in the introduction It is better if the authors can provide more updates or additional facts that can be obtained from this study compared to what has already been published in the literature.-> We will add this part into the discussion I suggest comparing the SIRNO method with other therapeutic parameters, but which have similar objectivity, not only in Asia, which can strengthen the results of the study.-> We will also add this part in the discussion References: Correct or full citation for reference numbers 2, 21. Thanks, we will revise it soon Best regards and many thanks for your review Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Zhang Z. Reviewer Report For: Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2021, 10 :898 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.56157.r95974 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898/v1#referee-response-95974 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 04 Oct 2021 Zhongheng Zhang , Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.56157.r95974 The study is descriptive and there is no comparative analysis, thus the results cannot draw conclusions that are indicative of effectiveness. These mild patients can recover even without hospital admission. The most important treatment for those in ... Continue reading READ ALL The study is descriptive and there is no comparative analysis, thus the results cannot draw conclusions that are indicative of effectiveness. These mild patients can recover even without hospital admission. The most important treatment for those in isolation is to prevent the spread of the disease. Can you also report the duration of RT-PCR positive for those patients? I am interested in whether the treatment can shorten the duration of virus clearance. Since all patients are managed with the SIRNO method, the effectiveness cannot be explored. Are there any components of the bundle that is different between patients? Some special interventions can benefit subgroups of patients. The SIRNO method is too general that it cannot be explored in an academic paper. "If the body's non-specific defenses are unable to prevent the virus, then the virus will enter the cell, damage the cell and replicate itself.": This paragraph seems irrelevant to the current study. It is strange, why not treat these patients by isolating them at home, especially for those with no symptoms? Statistical inference can be performed to make some causal links. For example, whether differences in SIRNO components can have different impacts on the length of hospital stay. Hong et al ., 2019 1 explore the risk factors for prolonged length of stay for COVID-19. Length of hospital stay is an important outcome for these patients because of limited medical resources during the pandemic outbreak. The SIRNO method included many component interventions, since there is evidence on the use of oxygen therapy for COVID-19 2 it should be explored individually for its effectiveness for COVID-19. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? No References 1. Hong Y, Wu X, Qu J, Gao Y, et al.: Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and development of a prediction model for prolonged hospital length of stay. Ann Transl Med . 2020; 8 (7): 443 PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 2. Ge H, Zhou JC, Lv F, Zhang J, et al.: Cumulative oxygen deficit is a novel predictor for the timing of invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients with respiratory distress. PeerJ . 2020; 8 : e10497 PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Critical care; sepsis; ARDS I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Zhang Z. Reviewer Report For: Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2021, 10 :898 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.56157.r95974 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898/v1#referee-response-95974 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 07 Sep 2021 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 Version 1 07 Sep 21 read read Zhongheng Zhang , Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Kurnia Fitri Jamil , Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Muhammad Riza Kurniawan , Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2021 Jamil K et al. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 22 Dec 2021 | for Version 1 Kurnia Fitri Jamil , Division of Tropical Medicine & Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Muhammad Riza Kurniawan , Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2021 Jamil K et al. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The suggestions that we can give to the manuscript are: The grammatical errors in the text were quite large in number. Authors need to send the manuscript for proofreading and correction. As highlighted by the authors, the time of the study was short. In my opinion, some of the information provided in the Introduction section is more suitable to be included in the Discussion instead. A lengthy introduction compared to the Discussion might give an impression that available studies in the literature on this matter is more than adequate in contributing the information without the need of the current study. It is better if the authors can provide more updates or additional facts that can be obtained from this study compared to what has already been published in the literature. I suggest comparing the SIRNO method with other therapeutic parameters, but which have similar objectivity, not only in Asia, which can strengthen the results of the study. References: Correct or full citation for reference numbers 2, 21. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Internist; Tropical Diseases and Infectious Consultant; Professor in Internal Medicine We confirm that we have read this submission and believe that we have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 28 Feb 2022 Joni Wahyuhadi, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Thank you very much for your feedback, attached below are my responses The grammatical errors in the text were quite large in number. Authors need to send the manuscript for proofreading and correction.-> we will revise the grammatical error, thanks for the feedback As highlighted by the authors, the time of the study was short.-> yes exactly, the study was conducted in a short time In my opinion, some of the information provided in the Introduction section is more suitable to be included in the Discussion instead. A lengthy introduction compared to the Discussion might give an impression that available studies in the literature on this matter is more than adequate in contributing the information without the need of the current study.-> we will try to reduce the lengthy discussion in the introduction It is better if the authors can provide more updates or additional facts that can be obtained from this study compared to what has already been published in the literature.-> We will add this part into the discussion I suggest comparing the SIRNO method with other therapeutic parameters, but which have similar objectivity, not only in Asia, which can strengthen the results of the study.-> We will also add this part in the discussion References: Correct or full citation for reference numbers 2, 21. Thanks, we will revise it soon Best regards and many thanks for your review View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Jamil KF and Kurniawan MR. Peer Review Report For: Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2021, 10 :898 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.56157.r94781) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898/v1#referee-response-94781 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2021 Zhang Z. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 04 Oct 2021 | for Version 1 Zhongheng Zhang , Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 0 Views copyright © 2021 Zhang Z. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The study is descriptive and there is no comparative analysis, thus the results cannot draw conclusions that are indicative of effectiveness. These mild patients can recover even without hospital admission. The most important treatment for those in isolation is to prevent the spread of the disease. Can you also report the duration of RT-PCR positive for those patients? I am interested in whether the treatment can shorten the duration of virus clearance. Since all patients are managed with the SIRNO method, the effectiveness cannot be explored. Are there any components of the bundle that is different between patients? Some special interventions can benefit subgroups of patients. The SIRNO method is too general that it cannot be explored in an academic paper. "If the body's non-specific defenses are unable to prevent the virus, then the virus will enter the cell, damage the cell and replicate itself.": This paragraph seems irrelevant to the current study. It is strange, why not treat these patients by isolating them at home, especially for those with no symptoms? Statistical inference can be performed to make some causal links. For example, whether differences in SIRNO components can have different impacts on the length of hospital stay. Hong et al ., 2019 1 explore the risk factors for prolonged length of stay for COVID-19. Length of hospital stay is an important outcome for these patients because of limited medical resources during the pandemic outbreak. The SIRNO method included many component interventions, since there is evidence on the use of oxygen therapy for COVID-19 2 it should be explored individually for its effectiveness for COVID-19. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? No References 1. Hong Y, Wu X, Qu J, Gao Y, et al.: Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and development of a prediction model for prolonged hospital length of stay. Ann Transl Med . 2020; 8 (7): 443 PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 2. Ge H, Zhou JC, Lv F, Zhang J, et al.: Cumulative oxygen deficit is a novel predictor for the timing of invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients with respiratory distress. PeerJ . 2020; 8 : e10497 PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Critical care; sepsis; ARDS I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Zhang Z. Peer Review Report For: Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2021, 10 :898 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.56157.r95974) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898/v1#referee-response-95974 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Stay Updated Sign up for content alerts and receive a weekly or monthly email with all newly published articles Register with F1000Research Already registered? Sign in Not now, thanks close PLEASE NOTE If you are an AUTHOR of this article, please check that you signed in with the account associated with this article otherwise we cannot automatically identify your role as an author and your comment will be labelled as a “User Comment”. If you are a REVIEWER of this article, please check that you have signed in with the account associated with this article and then go to your account to submit your report, please do not post your review here. If you do not have access to your original account, please contact us . All commenters must hold a formal affiliation as per our Policies . The information that you give us will be displayed next to your comment. User comments must be in English, comprehensible and relevant to the article under discussion. We reserve the right to remove any comments that we consider to be inappropriate, offensive or otherwise in breach of the User Comment Terms and Conditions . Commenters must not use a comment for personal attacks. When criticisms of the article are based on unpublished data, the data should be made available. I accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions Please confirm that you accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions. Affiliation ✕ refresh Please enter your institution. Note: To add your institution or organisation, start typing the name and then select the correct name from the list. Where applicable, the name will appear in both the original language and in English. Do not paste in the name. If the name does not appear in the drop-down list, we will display the information you have entered. ✕ refresh Country/Region * USA UK Canada China France Germany Afghanistan Aland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Minor Outlying Islands of the United States Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island North Korea North Macedonia Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Is South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The Gambia The Netherlands Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu UK USA Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Wallis and Futuna West Bank and Gaza Strip Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Please select your country/region. You must enter a comment. Competing Interests Please disclose any competing interests that might be construed to influence your judgment of the article's or peer review report's validity or importance. Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Please state your competing interests The comment has been saved. An error has occurred. Please try again. Cancel Post var lTitle = "Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and...".replace("'", ''); var linkedInUrl = "http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898/v1" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle) + "&summary=" + encodeURIComponent('Read the article by '); var deliciousUrl = "https://del.icio.us/post?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898/v1&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); var redditUrl = "http://reddit.com/submit?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898/v1" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); linkedInUrl += encodeURIComponent('Wahyuhadi J et al.'); var offsetTop = /chrome/i.test( navigator.userAgent ) ? 4 : -10; var addthis_config = { ui_offset_top: offsetTop, services_compact : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_expanded : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_custom : [ { name: "LinkedIn", url: linkedInUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_linkedin.svg" }, { name: "Mendeley", url: "http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898/v1/mendeley", icon:"/img/icon/at_mendeley.svg" }, { name: "Reddit", url: redditUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_reddit.svg" }, ] }; var addthis_share = { url: "https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898", templates : { twitter : "Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19.... Wahyuhadi J et al., published by " + "@F1000Research" + ", https://f1000research.com/articles/10-898/v1" } }; if (typeof(addthis) != "undefined"){ addthis.addEventListener('addthis.ready', checkCount); addthis.addEventListener('addthis.menu.share', checkCount); } $(".f1r-shares-twitter").attr("href", "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" + addthis_share.templates.twitter); $(".f1r-shares-facebook").attr("href", "https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=" + addthis_share.url); $(".f1r-shares-linkedin").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[0].url); $(".f1r-shares-reddit").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[2].url); $(".f1r-shares-mendelay").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[1].url); function checkCount(){ setTimeout(function(){ $(".addthis_button_expanded").each(function(){ var count = $(this).text(); if (count !== "" && count != "0") $(this).removeClass("is-hidden"); else $(this).addClass("is-hidden"); }); }, 1000); } close How to cite this report {{reportCitation}} Cancel Copy Citation Details $(function(){R.ui.buttonDropdowns('.dropdown-for-downloads');}); $(function(){R.ui.toolbarDropdowns('.toolbar-dropdown-for-downloads');}); $.get("/articles/acj/52833/56157") new F1000.Clipboard(); new F1000.ThesaurusTermsDisplay("articles", "article", "56157"); $(document).ready(function() { $( "#frame1" ).on('load', function() { var mydiv = $(this).contents().find("div"); var h = mydiv.height(); console.log(h) }); var tooltipLivingFigure = jQuery(".interactive-living-figure-label .icon-more-info"), titleLivingFigure = tooltipLivingFigure.attr("title"); tooltipLivingFigure.simpletip({ fixed: true, position: ["-115", "30"], baseClass: 'small-tooltip', content:titleLivingFigure + " " }); tooltipLivingFigure.removeAttr("title"); $("body").on("click", ".cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var ref = $(this).attr("data-ref"); $(this).closest(".living-figure-list-container").find("#" + ref).fadeIn(200); }); $("body").on("click", ".close-cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).closest(".popup-window-wrapper").fadeOut(200); }); $(document).on("mouseup", function(e) { var metricsContainer = $(".article-metrics-popover-wrapper"); if (!metricsContainer.is(e.target) && metricsContainer.has(e.target).length === 0) { $(".article-metrics-close-button").click(); } }); var articleId = $('#articleId').val(); if($("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics) { $("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics(articleId, { articleMetricsView: true }); } }); var figshareWidget = $(".new_figshare_widget"); if (figshareWidget.length > 0) { window.figshare.load("f1000", function(Widget) { // Select a tag/tags defined in your page. In this tag we will place the widget. _.map(figshareWidget, function(el){ var widget = new Widget({ articleId: $(el).attr("figshare_articleId") //height:300 // this is the height of the viewer part. [Default: 550] }); widget.initialize(); // initialize the widget widget.mount(el); // mount it in a tag that's on your page // this will save the widget on the global scope for later use from // your JS scripts. This line is optional. //window.widget = widget; }); }); } close Error Close Add Reset F1000.MICROSERVICES.AFFILIATION = ''; $(document).ready(function () { $('.js-affiliations-form').each((index, form) => { new AffiliationForm({ formId: form.id, institutionErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-institution', departmentErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-department', placeSelector: '.js-add-comment-place', stateSelector: '.js-add-comment-state', zipCodeSelector: '.js-add-comment-zipcode', countrySelector: '.js-add-comment-country', countryErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-country', }); }); }); $(document).ready(function () { var reportIds = { "93731": 0, "93733": 0, "93732": 0, "93735": 0, "95975": 0, "95974": 30, "93734": 0, "93736": 0, "100616": 0, "95976": 0, "94777": 0, "94779": 0, "94778": 0, "94781": 11, "94780": 0, "94782": 0, }; $(".referee-response-container,.js-referee-report").each(function(index, el) { var reportId = $(el).attr("data-reportid"), reportCount = reportIds[reportId] || 0; $(el).find(".comments-count-container,.js-referee-report-views").html(reportCount); }); var uuidInput = $("#article_uuid"), oldUUId = uuidInput.val(), newUUId = "dc6008ea-0a5c-443c-9d8d-510e7e8f27d2"; uuidInput.val(newUUId); $("a[href*='article_uuid=']").each(function(index, el) { var newHref = $(el).attr("href").replace(oldUUId, newUUId); $(el).attr("href", newHref); }); }); An innovative open access publishing platform offering rapid publication and open peer review, whilst supporting data deposition and sharing. Browse Gateways Collections How it Works Contact For Developers Cookie Notice Privacy Notice RSS Submit Your Research Follow us © 2012-2026 F1000 Research Ltd. ISSN 2046-1402 | Legal | Partner of Research4Life • CrossRef • ORCID • FAIRSharing R.templateTests.simpleTemplate = R.template(' $text $text $text $text $text '); R.templateTests.runTests(); var F1000platform = new F1000.Platform({ name: "f1000research", displayName: "F1000Research", hostName: "f1000research.com", id: "1", editorialEmail: "[email protected]", infoEmail: "[email protected]", usePmcStats: true }); $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-authors, .dropdown-for-about, .dropdown-for-myresearch');}); // $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-referees');}); $(document).ready(function () { if ($(".cookie-warning").is(":visible")) { $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "35px"); $(".devices").addClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); } $(".cookie-warning .close-button").click(function (e) { $(".devices").removeClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "0"); }); $("#tweeter-feed .tweet-message").each(function (i, message) { var self = $(message); self.html(linkify(self.html())); }); $(".partner").on("mouseenter mouseleave", function() { $(this).find(".gray-scale, .colour").toggleClass("is-hidden"); }); }); Sign In Remember me Forgotten your password? Sign In Cancel Email or password not correct. Please try again Please wait... $(function(){ // Note: All the setup needs to run against a name attribute and *not* the id due the clonish // nature of facebox... $("a[id=googleSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("GOOGLE"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=facebookSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("FACEBOOK"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=orcidSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("ORCID"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); }); If you've forgotten your password, please enter your email address below and we'll send you instructions on how to reset your password. The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000. Email address not valid, please try again You registered with F1000 via Google, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Google account password, please click here . You registered with F1000 via Facebook, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Facebook account password, please click here . Code not correct, please try again Reset password Cancel Email us for further assistance. Server error, please try again. If your email address is registered with us, we will email you instructions to reset your password. If you think you should have received this email but it has not arrived, please check your spam filters and/or contact for further assistance. Please wait... Register $(document).ready(function () { signIn.createSignInAsRow($("#sign-in-form-gfb-popup")); $(".target-field").each(function () { var uris = $(this).val().split("/"); if (uris.pop() === "login") { $(this).val(uris.toString().replace(",","/")); } }); });