Association of Aquaculture Environment Microbiota with Metabolism in American Shad (Alosa Sapidissima)

Abstract The environment microbiome affects the growth and development of fish species. Information of the environment microbiome is beneficial to increase the production of fish in different aquaculture systems. In this study we analyzed differences in environmental microbial composition, intestinal metabolites and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in American shad living in tank aquaculture and pond aquaculture environment. The results demonstrated that the dominant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae and Epsilonbacteraeota in two different environments. There were significantly changed of metabolites in different aquaculture environment, including DP-ethanolamine, L-proline, sulfuric acid, L-valine, L-tryptophan, creatinine, uric acid and L-isoleucine. The transcriptome data revealed eight genes (As23G026314, As04G005148, As21G024434, As04G005193, As23G026314, As13G016035, As02G001872 and As07G009244) related to metabolisms significantly changed in pond aquaculture group compared to tank aquaculture group. In addition, the body weight, amino acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism of American shad also significantly changed in the pond aquaculture environment. Therefore, identifying the predominant microbiome in the aquaculture environment may be prevent the disease from occurring and maintain healthy fish reared in the aquaculture environment.