Natural convective flow of CuO–Water nanofluid with variable thermophysical properties in a square-shaped cavity with an obstacle

Natural convective flow of CuO–Water nanofluid with variable thermophysical properties in a square-shaped cavity with an obstacle | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Natural convective flow of CuO–Water nanofluid with variable thermophysical properties in a square-shaped cavity with an obstacle Salaika Parvin, Nepal Chandra Roy This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4735868/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The current study involves numerical simulation to analyze the effect of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) forces on natural convection within a square enclosure containing an inner corrugated circular cylinder. Additionally, the effect of nonlinear thermal radiation is considered. In this model, the nanofluid composed of copper oxide (CuO) and water is diffused all throughout the porous medium of the enclosure. It is considered that the nanofluid's temperature and nanoparticle volume concentration both affect the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity. The outer square-shaped enclosure is supposed to be cold, while the inner corrugated cylinder is presumed hot. Flow and thermal patterns inside the enclosure are visualized through the distribution of streamlines and isothermal contours. Heat transfer rates are estimated based on the local ( Nu L ) and average ( Nu avg ) Nusselt number. Computational results are generated for several parameters, including Rayleigh number ( Ra ), Darcy number ( Da ), Hartmann number ( Ha ), surface temperature parameter ( χ ), radiation parameter ( R d ), and solid volume concentration of nanoparticles ( ϕ ). The fluid flow intensity is noticeably improved by increasing the Rayleigh number, radiation, surface temperature, and concentration of nanoparticles, but an increasing Hartmann number counteracts this phenomenon. The heat transfer rate throughout the enclosure can be significantly reduced by filling it with a porous substance. Natural convection Nanofluid Magnetohydrodynamic Porous media Thermal radiation Corrugated cylinder square-shaped enclosure Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4735868","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":336119645,"identity":"ab64d48f-7898-480b-85c2-af45861e5d07","order_by":0,"name":"Salaika Parvin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"American International University-Bangladesh","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Salaika","middleName":"","lastName":"Parvin","suffix":""},{"id":336119649,"identity":"873081bd-e683-4ddf-8955-acb4811867d0","order_by":1,"name":"Nepal Chandra Roy","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAqUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBxXMYJqZgY1YLQlnSNaS2EaKFnP23oMfEudZJzawH37AXFBGhBbLnnPJEonb0hMbeNIMmGecI0KLwY0cA6CWw4kNDDkMzLxtxGi5/8b4R+IcoBb+N8RqucFjJpHYANQiQbQtZ/LSLBKOpRu3STwzOEycX46fPXzjQ421bD9/8sPHRIUYAwMPhALFyAGiNMC1jIJRMApGwSjACQD90DRVUxd6WgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of Dhaka","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nepal","middleName":"Chandra","lastName":"Roy","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-13 16:09:25","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4735868/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4735868/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":63275808,"identity":"a0922b2f-74ec-4fd7-9d55-3cb2672f3ee7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-26 12:13:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":5682400,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.doc.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4735868/v1_covered_f6098f74-d53a-4d2e-a093-29f36c3c0b0e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Natural convective flow of CuO–Water nanofluid with variable thermophysical properties in a square-shaped cavity with an obstacle","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Natural convection, Nanofluid, Magnetohydrodynamic, Porous media, Thermal radiation, Corrugated cylinder, square-shaped enclosure","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4735868/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4735868/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe current study involves numerical simulation to analyze the effect of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) forces on natural convection within a square enclosure containing an inner corrugated circular cylinder. 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