Breaking the coupling among N2 fully-connected linear polarization channels

Breaking the coupling among N2 fully-connected linear polarization channels | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Breaking the coupling among N 2 fully-connected linear polarization channels Kuang Zhang, Cong Liu, Yueyi Yuan, Lilin Li, Yuxiang Wang, Guohui Yang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6808515/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Polarization multiplexing is one of the key technologies for multi-dimensional information transmission. When constructing a N 2 -dimensional linear polarization multiplexing network with N input states of distinct polar angle and corresponding N outputs ( N > 2), there are inherent couplings for all channels due to polarization decomposition and superposition, exhibiting as information crosstalk among non-orthogonal channels. Also, physical symmetric structure severely limits the full utilization of polarization multiplexing by inducing crosstalk in orthogonal polarization channels. Here by employing polarization diffraction neural network (PDNN) to minimize couplings in a global manner, we establish N 2 fully-connected independent transmission channels by multiplexing N linear polar angles. Taking chiral-assisted metasurfaces as physical platform, a single-layer PDNN is verified by nine input-output channels ( N = 3), ultra-low crosstalk in digital holographic imaging shows the effectiveness of proposed method. We also impose amplitude-feature enhancement of metasurface to further improve transformation efficiency while maintaining channel isolation. Our results exemplify the architecture’s capability for complete polarization multiplexing, with direct applicability to optical linear computing, advanced holography, and high-security optical encryption. Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical materials and structures/Metamaterials Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical physics/Nanophotonics and plasmonics Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SI0603.docx SUPPLEMENTARY INFO Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6808515","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":466552133,"identity":"369f58e4-06bc-433f-9666-6717dff5faad","order_by":0,"name":"Kuang 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When constructing a \u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e-dimensional linear polarization multiplexing network with \u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e input states of distinct polar angle and corresponding \u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e outputs (\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2), there are inherent couplings for all channels due to polarization decomposition and superposition, exhibiting as information crosstalk among non-orthogonal channels. Also, physical symmetric structure severely limits the full utilization of polarization multiplexing by inducing crosstalk in orthogonal polarization channels. Here by employing polarization diffraction neural network (PDNN) to minimize couplings in a global manner, we establish \u003cb\u003eN\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e fully-connected independent transmission channels by multiplexing \u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e linear polar angles. Taking chiral-assisted metasurfaces as physical platform, a single-layer PDNN is verified by nine input-output channels (\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3), ultra-low crosstalk in digital holographic imaging shows the effectiveness of proposed method. We also impose amplitude-feature enhancement of metasurface to further improve transformation efficiency while maintaining channel isolation. Our results exemplify the architecture\u0026rsquo;s capability for complete polarization multiplexing, with direct applicability to optical linear computing, advanced holography, and high-security optical encryption.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Breaking the coupling among N2 fully-connected linear polarization channels","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-05 09:02:22","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6808515/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f2d2413b-9003-4a14-be6b-37705d0fc4ec","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 5th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":49570160,"name":"Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical materials and structures/Metamaterials"},{"id":49570161,"name":"Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical physics/Nanophotonics and plasmonics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-30T08:20:32+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-05 09:02:22","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6808515","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6808515","identity":"rs-6808515","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}