Seismic behavior of a rigid rocking structure under pulse-type excitation: Insights from the 2023 Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş earthquake

Seismic behavior of a rigid rocking structure under pulse-type excitation: Insights from the 2023 Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş earthquake | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Seismic behavior of a rigid rocking structure under pulse-type excitation: Insights from the 2023 Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş earthquake ebru toy, Ayşe Edinçliler, Eren Uckan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6290327/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Near-fault seismic events are characterized by high-amplitude velocity pulses that significantly influence the dynamic response of free-standing rigid structures. This study investigates the rocking behavior of a monolithic column under near-fault ground motion from the 2023 Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş earthquake. Numerical simulations are conducted for the 2718 and 3138 seismic records, focusing on pulse extraction techniques that eliminate high-amplitude high-frequency components while also accounting for the fling-step effect. The results reveal a two-phase dynamic response: (1) a phase in which the structure requires a threshold acceleration amplitude to initiate rocking and (2) an overturning phase caused by the adverse effects of pulse motion. The extracted pulses alone fail to initiate rocking, whereas exposure to the full seismic record results in overturning due to the exceedance of the critical acceleration threshold. These findings highlight the necessity of considering complete ground motion characteristics rather than simplified pulse representations for accurate seismic assessment of rocking structures. Rocking response Pulse-dominated seismic excitation Fling-step effect Residual ground displacement Overturning risk Heritage structures Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6290327","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":435908438,"identity":"5d33eef5-2904-499a-8b29-5f18f9e5bfb3","order_by":0,"name":"ebru toy","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCSjNz958AMSVIVJLAgODZM+xBBCXh3gtBjd8DEBMwlr4pXufSTD+sEnccIPn86sbNRY8DOyHj27Ap0VyznEzCYaEtMSZt3u3WeccAzqMJy3tBj4tBjfS2IBaDif23Tm7zTiHDahFgscMrxZ7mJaGGznPjHP+EaHFQAKqZcKNHObHuW1EaJG4c4zZIiEtzXhmzzEz5tw+CR42Qn7hn93GeOODjY1sP3vz48853+rk+NkPH8OrBQwSGBgcGxgY2MBxxEZQORTYAzHzB2JVj4JRMApGwcgCAMtmR06acO1RAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1752-8018","institution":"Istanbul Nişantaşı University: Istanbul Nisantasi Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"ebru","middleName":"","lastName":"toy","suffix":""},{"id":435908439,"identity":"ac911cfb-152d-4654-8c92-84bf42bd33b9","order_by":1,"name":"Ayşe Edinçliler","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bogazici Universitesi Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Arastirma Enstitusu","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ayşe","middleName":"","lastName":"Edinçliler","suffix":""},{"id":435908440,"identity":"be1a8e46-9688-4fea-a214-8f70b07369ae","order_by":2,"name":"Eren Uckan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi: Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eren","middleName":"","lastName":"Uckan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-23 22:28:50","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6290327/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6290327/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":82592535,"identity":"ffefc5ad-fd40-4234-bdb9-b4bf6dacc7ab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-13 08:18:38","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1192740,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ToyRockingMotionAnalysis.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6290327/v1_covered_1cba78b2-95a5-4ac5-b4f6-8ec9da3b4512.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Seismic behavior of a rigid rocking structure under pulse-type excitation: Insights from the 2023 Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş earthquake","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Rocking response, Pulse-dominated seismic excitation, Fling-step effect, Residual ground displacement, Overturning risk, Heritage structures","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6290327/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6290327/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eNear-fault seismic events are characterized by high-amplitude velocity pulses that significantly influence the dynamic response of free-standing rigid structures. This study investigates the rocking behavior of a monolithic column under near-fault ground motion from the 2023 Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş earthquake. Numerical simulations are conducted for the 2718 and 3138 seismic records, focusing on pulse extraction techniques that eliminate high-amplitude high-frequency components while also accounting for the fling-step effect. The results reveal a two-phase dynamic response: (1) a phase in which the structure requires a threshold acceleration amplitude to initiate rocking and (2) an overturning phase caused by the adverse effects of pulse motion. The extracted pulses alone fail to initiate rocking, whereas exposure to the full seismic record results in overturning due to the exceedance of the critical acceleration threshold. 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