Correlation of Mental Health and Physical Activity, A cross-sectional study among a sample in Damascus, Syria

Correlation of Mental Health and Physical Activity, A cross-sectional study among a sample in Damascus, Syria | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Correlation of Mental Health and Physical Activity, A cross-sectional study among a sample in Damascus, Syria Hussam Al-Nakri, Naya Ibrahim This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4278137/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction Mental health disorders are one of the leading causes of global health burden, and are clearly a high-cost problem on both an individual and societal scale. Hundreds of research trials have been conducted measuring the effect of physical activity on depression, anxiety, and stress, many of which suggest that exercise may have effects similar to psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of residents of Damascus, Syria. The inclusion criteria included all those who responded to the questionnaire within the time period between September and December 2023, being 18 years and older. Using the questionnaire, data was collected for 500 participants. The questionnaire consists of five sections (Demographic information and social customs; Ricci-Gagnon scale for evaluating physical activity; Questions related to sleep quality and its disorders; Patient Health Questionnaire - Depressive Disorder PHQ9; Patient Health Questionnaire - Generalized Anxiety Disorder PHQ-GAD7). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0, using the Chi-Square test of independence, and the T test was also used. Statistical test results A study on a sample size of 500 people was conducted. 47% of the sample were male and 53% female, only 7.8% of whom suffered from chronic diseases. The largest percentage of participants in the sample recorded that their parents had a university degree, as 69.4% of the sample had a father who had a university degree, while 56% of them had a mother who had a university degree. There is an important and significant correlation between the gender of the participant and its commitment to sports, and the general psychological state, depressive symptoms, symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. There is an important and significant effect of sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on the psychological state of participants, and depressive symptoms and their frequency, symptoms and frequency of anxiety disorders, its sleep quality. There is an important and significant effect of regular exercise on the general psychological state of participants, depressive symptoms and their frequency in participants, their quality of sleep, symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Mental health physical activity fitness sleeping disorder anxiety depression. Introduction I: Physical Activity and Mental Health : Mental health disorders are one of the leading causes of global health burden, and are clearly a high-cost problem on both an individual and societal scale. Hundreds of research trials have been conducted measuring the effect of physical activity on depression, anxiety, and psychological distress, and many suggest that exercise may have effects similar to psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. II: The concept of physical fitness : Physical activity is defined as any physical movement that results from the contraction of the body's skeletal muscles and increases energy expenditure above the basal level, which means the minimum amount of energy needed to maintain vital body processes. Exercise is a planned piece of physical activity that is a structured, repetitive physical movement that improves or maintains one or more components of physical fitness. Physical fitness is a set of characteristics that people have or achieve that relate to the ability to perform physical activity. III: Epidemiology and statistics : More than 1.4 billion of the world's adult population are not active enough. Worldwide, about one in three women and one in four men do not do enough physical activity to stay healthy. Levels of inactivity in high-income countries are twice as high as in low-income countries, and insufficient activity increased by 5% (from 31.6–36.8%) in high-income countries between 2001 and 2016 VI: Special considerations regarding physical activity: Children and adolescents Nearly half of America's youth (ages 12 to 21) do not engage in vigorous physical activity on a regular basis. Physical activity declines during adolescence, as physical education and sports for young people become less available in school, and less active leisure activities become more important. Adults The Healthy People organization in 2010 set specific goals, considering that obesity and inactivity are broad epidemics that include both genders, regardless of the diversity and variation of risk factors. Females are less active than males, although the gender activity gap has shown a decline since 1992. V: Physiological mechanisms : When participating in activities and exercise, the body produces opiates and endocannabinoids, which are neurostimulants associated with pleasure, and have anti-anxiety, drowsiness, and pain-reducing effects. Researchers suggest that regular physical activity improves the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, reducing cortisol secretion and rebalancing the hormones leptin and ghrelin. Regular exercise has immunomodulatory effects that improve the secretion of catecholamines, reduce cortisol levels, and reduce inflammatory events around the body. Materials and Methods Significance of the study A study examining the correlation of mental health and physical activity is of great importance in understanding the complex interplay between physical and mental health. The findings of this study have significant implications for public health initiatives, clinical interventions, and guideline building, as it calls for the integration of physical activity promotion within the mental health care setting to promote well-being in populations. Objective of the study The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of physical activity among participants, evaluate their mental state and the prevalence of anxiety and depression rates, evaluate sleep disorders, and study the correlation of demographic variables and study elements. Study design, setting and participants A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of residents of Damascus, Syria. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. They were informed that all their responses were recorded anonymously, and that responding to all questions was not obligatory. The inclusion criteria included all those who responded to the questionnaire within the time period between September and December 2023, being 18 years and older. Using the questionnaire, data was collected for 500 participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), Faculty of Human Medicine, Syrian Private University. Data collection tools A self-administered and completed questionnaire in Arabic by participants, which has been used in previous studies, was published. The questionnaire consists of five sections (Demographics and social customs; Ricci-Gagnon scale for assessing physical activity; Questions related to sleep quality and its disorders; Patient Health Questionnaire - Depressive Disorder PHQ9; Patient Health Questionnaire - Generalized Anxiety Disorder PHQ-GAD7) Statistical study Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0, displaying frequencies and percentages (for categorical variables), or means and standard deviations (SD) (for continuous variables). Using the Chi-Square test of independence, the T test was also used. Ethical considerations The research ethics committee approved the study protocol by the Syrian Private University, Faculty of Medicine. Informed consent was obtained from each participant before participation. This study did not include participants under the age of 18 years. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results A. Descriptive study A descriptive study was conducted on a sample of 500 people and the results of this descriptive study: I- Demographic variables and sample characteristics: Gender The proportion of females in the studied sample was 53%, while the proportion of males was 47%. Table 1 presenting the results of the descriptive study regarding the gender of the participants in the sample. Gender Frequency Percentage Male 235 47.0% Female 265 53.0% Total 500 100.0% Chronic diseases 92.2% of the sample did not suffer from chronic diseases, while 7.8% had suffered from chronic diseases. Table 2 presenting the results of the descriptive study on participants’ suffering from chronic diseases. Chronic diseases Frequency Percentage Yes 39 7.8% No 461 92.2% Total 500 100.0% Parental education The majority of parents’ educational level was university. The percentage of the sample’s father obtaining a university degree was 69.4%, while the percentage of mother obtaining a university degree was 56%. Table 3 presenting the results of the descriptive study on the educational level of the parents. Parental education father Mother College degree 69.4% 56.0% High school diploma 22.4% 30.0% prep school degree 6.6% 9.8% Primary certificate 1.6% 4.2% Total 100.0% 100.0% Weight The weight of the sample members ranged between 40 until over 115 kg. 45.2% of the sample had a weight between 40–65 kg, while 45% had a weight between 66–90 kg. while 8.6% of them weighted 91–115 kg. Only 1.2% had over 115 kg of weight. Table 4 presenting the results of the descriptive study on the weight of participants in the sample. Weight Frequency Percentage 40–65 kg 226 45.2% 66–90 kg 225 45% 91–115 kg 43 8.6% > 115 kg 6 1.2% Total 500 100.0% Frequency of exercise The higher percentage was for those who exercise one day per week, at 38.6%, while the percentage of those who exercise daily was only 8.8%. Table 5 : presenting the results of the descriptive study on the frequency of exercises per week. Frequency of exercise Frequency Percentage daily 44 8.8% 6 − 5 days per week 84 16.8% 4 − 3 days per week 113 22.6% 2 − 1 days per week 66 13.2% 1 day per week 193 38.6% Total 500 100.0% Hours of using the computer and watching TV per week The vast majority of the sample spent less than 15 hours on the computer and television, at a rate of 81.1%, while one individual from the sample spent between 76–100 hours using them, and one individual spent more than 100 hours. Table 6 : presenting the results of the descriptive study on the number of hours of using the computer and watching TV. PCs & TVs Hours/week Frequency Percentage 100 hours 1 0.2% Total 500 100.0% II- Sleep quality and its disorders: Sleep quality Most of the participants had a fairly good sleep at 53.4%, while 21.2% of them had a very good sleep. Also, 18.6% of them had somewhat bad sleep, and only 6.8% suffered from very bad sleep. Table 7 presenting the results of the descriptive study on the participants’ sleep quality in the sample. Sleep quality Frequency Percentage very good 106 21.2% Fairly good 267 53.4% Somewhat bad 93 18.6% Very bad 34 6.8% Total 500 100.0% Sleep disorders Regarding taking sleeping pills to help participants sleep (with or without a prescription), the vast majority of the sample (87.6%) hadn’t taken them during the previous month. As for having difficulty staying awake while driving, eating meals, or participating in any social activity, 59.6% did not face any difficulty during the past month. Table 8 : presenting the results of the descriptive study on sleep disorders among participants during the past month. Sleep quality Sleep bills Difficult to stay awake Never 438 87.6% 298 59.6% Once per week 33 3.0% 100 20% Twice per week 17 3.4% 77 15.4% 3 times or more per week 12 6.6% 25 5% Total 500 100.0% 500 100.0% III: Depression and anxiety The following tables present the results of participants' anxiety and depression questionnaires Scarcely occasionally frequently permanently feel depressed and sad 114 214 92 80 22.8% 42.8% 18.4% 16.0% Morning is the time to feel best 106 133 136 125 21.2% 26.6% 27.2% 25.0% crying spells or feel like crying 240 139 66 55 48% 27.8% 13.2% 11.0% Difficult to sleeping night 221 153 71 55 44.2% 30.6% 14.2% 11% Noticing the weight loss 300 118 51 31 60% 23.6% 10.2% 6.2% heart beats faster 251 146 71 32 50.2% 29.2% 14.2% 6.4% feel tired for no reason 141 165 105 89 28.2% 33.0% 21.0% 17.8% Table 9 presenting the results of the descriptive study on the sample’s answers to some questions related to the psychological state of the participants. (How frequently have you been bothered by any of the following problems over the other two weeks) Scarcely occasionally frequently permanently easiness doing usual things 55 131 168 146 11% 26.2% 33.6% 29.2% Feeling restless can't stay still 309 95 59 37 61.8% 19.0% 11.8% 7.4% feeling more nervous 168 135 103 94 33.6% 27.0% 20.6% 18.7% enjoy doing usual things 106 141 134 119 21.2% 28.2% 26.8% 23.8% Feeling more stressed anxious 150 146 108 96 30% 29.2% 21.6% 19.2% feeling afraid for no reason 272 101 66 61 54.4% 20.2% 13.2% 12.2% being upset easily or panic 178 136 100 86 35.6% 27.2% 20.0% 17.2% Headache neck & back pain 200 115 106 79 40.0% 23.0% 21.2% 15.8% feeling weak and tired easily 215 138 79 68 43.0% 27.6% 15.8% 13.6% dizzy spells 373 68 34 25 74.6% 13.6% 6.8% 5.0% hands usually dry and warm 319 106 44 31 63.8% 21.2% 8.8% 6.2% face gets hot and blushing 269 114 74 43 53.8% 22.8% 14.8% 8.6% sleep easily and good rest 139 148 104 109 27.8% 29.6% 20.8% 21.8% nightmares 287 122 47 44 57.4% 24.4% 9.4% 8.8% Table 10 presenting the results of the descriptive study on the sample’s answers to some questions related to the depression axis. (How frequently have you been bothered by the following problems over the last four weeks) Never Several days Most days Every day Lack of interest or pleasure in doing things 145 216 86 53 29% 43.2% 17.2% 10.6% Feeling upset, depressed, or hopeless 152 205 88 55 30.4% 41% 17.6% 11.0% Difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep 180 160 104 56 36.0% 32.0% 20.8% 11.2% Feeling tired or inactive 114 218 100 68 22.8% 43% 20.0% 13.6% Eating disorders (lack of appetite, or binge eating) 184 154 95 67 36.8% 30.8% 19.0% 13.4% Feeling dissatisfied with yourself 204 126 82 88 40.8% 25.2% 16.4% 17.6% Difficulties focusing on things 203 157 82 58 40.6% 31.4% 16.4 11.6 Slowly moving and speaking or vice versa 289 117 52 42 57.8% 23.4% 10.4% 8.4% Thinking it is better to die and wanting to suicide 371 58 40 31 74.2% 11.6% 8.0% 6.2% Table 11 presenting the results of the descriptive study of participants’ answers to some questions related to the theme of generalized anxiety disorder. (How much difficulty has this problem made it difficult for you to do work, study, home responsibility, get along with people) Never Several days Most days Every day Feeling tense, nervous or anxious 114 218 92 75 22.8% 43.6% 18.4% 15.0% Inability to stop or control anxiety and worries 152 170 105 72 30.4% 34.0% 21.0% 14.4% Excessive worry and worrying about several things 118 176 112 94 23.6% 35.2% 22.4% 18.8% Difficult to feel relaxed 162 168 103 67 32.4% 33.6% 20.6% 13.4% Feeling so unstable it becomes difficult to stay still 247 138 71 44 49.4% 27.6% 14.2% 8.8% Easily irritated or feeling upset 135 159 105 100 27% 31.8% 21% 20% Feeling afraid as if there is something terrible might happen 258 130 54 58 51.6% 26.0% 10.8% 11.6% Table 12 presenting the results of the descriptive study on the degree of difficulties that depression creates in the daily life, work, and study of participants. Difficulty degree Frequency Percentage No difficulty 165 33.0% Medium difficulty 267 53.4% Very big difficulty 68 13.6% Total 500 100.0% (How much difficulty has this problem made it difficult for you to do work, study, home responsibility, get along with people) Table 13 presenting the results of the descriptive study of the degree of difficulty caused by general anxiety in daily life, work, home responsibilities, and harmony. Difficulty degree Frequency Percentage No difficulty 165 33.0% Medium difficulty 267 53.4% Very big difficulty 68 13.6% Total 500 100.0% Table 14 presenting the results of the descriptive study on sedentary behavior. How much time do you spend sitting each day (leisure activities, television, computer, work, etc.)? Hours Frequency Percentage 6 hours 185 37.0% Total 500 100.0% VI: Physical activities and fitness Physical activity Regarding the participants’ physical activity, the results were almost equal. 51.6% of the sample engaged in one or more physical activity, while 48.4% did not engage in any activity. Table 15 presenting the results of the descriptive study on the physical activity of the participants. Do you regularly practice one or more physical activities. Physical activity Frequency Percentage Yes 258 51.6% No 242 48.4% Total 500 100.0% Times to do physical activities The largest percentage was for those who practiced physical activities once or twice a month, at 34.8%. While those who practiced it more than 3 times a week, their percentage was 27.6%. Table 16 : presenting the results of the descriptive study on the number of times physical activity is practiced. Hours Frequency Percentage 1–2 days a month 174 34.8% 1–2 days a week 117 23.4% 3 days a week 71 14.2% > 3 days a week 138 27.6% Total 500 100.0% Duration of exercise 30.2% of the sample exercised for less than 15 minutes, while 17.6% of them exercised 16–30 minutes, and 20.4% of them exercised more than 60 minutes. Table 17 Shows the results of the descriptive study on duration of exercise. Duration of exercise Frequency Percentage 60 mins 102 20.4% Total 500 100.0% Effort expended daily The vast majority of the sample, approximately 74.4%, exert moderate effort daily, while 14.4% exert high effort, and 11.2% exert light effort. Table 18 : presenting results of the descriptive study on the amount of effort a person makes on a daily basis. Effort expended Frequency Percentage Little effort 56 11.2% Medium effort 372 74.4% Great effort 72 14.4% Total 500 100.0% Physical activity required by the occupation 67.4% of the sample's occupation requires moderate activity, while 29.8%‘s occupation requires little activity. As for 2.8%, their occupation requires a lot of activity. Table 19 : presenting results of the descriptive study on the physical activity required by the occupation. Physical activity in job Frequency Percentage A little activity 149 29.8% Moderate activity 337 67.4% Lots of activities 14 2.8% Total 500 100.0% Hours needed for household chores and others 57% of the sample spent less than two hours on household chores and other work, while 25.8% spent 3–4 hours, and only 3.8% spent more than 10 hours on household chores and other works. Table 20 presenting results of the descriptive study on the number of hours needed for other household chores. Duration of exercise Frequency Percentage 10 hours 18 3.6% Total 500 100.0% Duration of walking daily 23.2% of the sample walked less than 15 minutes, while 34.6% walked 16–30 minutes, and 17.2% walked 31–45 minutes. Only 10% walk 46–60 minutes, and 15% of them walk more than 60 minutes. Table 21 : presenting results of the descriptive study on the duration of daily walking by the sample. Duration of walking Frequency Percentage 60 mins 75 15.0% Total 500 100.0% Stairs that participants climb The majority of the sample climbed a moderate number of stairs ( 3 – 10 ), at a rate of 51.2%, while 18.2% of them climbed a small number of stairs (2 or less), and 28.6% of them climbed a large number of stairs (more than 10). Table 22 : Results of the descriptive study on number of stairs climbed by participants in the sample. Stairs climbed Frequency Percentage 10 stairs (large) 143 28.6% Total 500 100.0% B. Analytical study Study the impact of demographic indicators: Correlation between participant’s gender and commitment to sports Based on the results presented in table 23, we notice that there is a difference between the averages, and by observing the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that this difference is of importance and statistical significance, meaning that there is a correlation between the gender of the participant and his commitment to exercise . Table 23 Student Test for independent samples to study the correlation between participant’s gender and his commitment to sports. Gender Averages Probability value Male 1.39 0.000 Female 1.57 Correlation between the gender of the participant and his/her psychological state We had the questions related to the psychological state and studied them as one axis. Based on the results presented in the table 24 and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that the gender of the participant has a correlation with his general psychological state, and a significant and important effect on the psychological state . Table 24 one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between the gender of the participant and the psychological state of the participants. ANOVA Contrast Probability value Contrast intra groups 4523.84 0.000 Contrast extra groups 49684.6 Correlation between participant’s gender and depressive symptoms To study this effect, we had the questions related to the depression axis and studied them as one axis. Based on the results presented in the table 25 and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that the gender of the participant has a correlation with the symptoms of depression and their degree, meaning that the symptoms of depression and their frequency are related to gender of the participant . Table 25 A one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between the gender of the participant and the participants’ depressive symptoms. ANOVA Contrast Probability value Contrast intra groups 268.32 0.000 Contrast extra groups 19602.82 Correlation between participant gender and symptoms of the generalized anxiety disorder To study this effect, we had the questions related to the general anxiety axis and studied them as one axis. Based on the results presented in the table 26 and observing the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that the gender of the participant has a relationship with the symptoms of general anxiety, meaning that the symptoms of general anxiety and their frequency are related to the gender of the participant . Table 26 A one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between the gender of the participant and participants’ generalized anxiety disorders. ANOVA Contrast Probability value Contrast intra groups 631.08 0.000 Contrast extra groups 16383.033 Effect of sedentary behavior on the psychological state of participants Based on the results presented in the table 27 and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity have an important and significant impact on the general psychological state, that is, the psychological state is affected by lack of physical activity . Table 27 A one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on general psychological state of the participants. ANOVA Contrast Probability value Contrast intra groups 1498.85 0.000 Contrast extra groups 52709.65 Effect of sedentary behavior on depressive symptoms and their frequency in participants Based on the results presented in the table and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity have an important and significant effect on depression and its symptoms, meaning that the symptoms of depression and the frequency of their occurrence in participants are related to lack of physical activity . Table 28 A one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on depression. ANOVA Contrast Probability value Contrast intra groups 945.14 0.000 Contrast extra groups 18925.9 Effect of sedentary behavior on generalized anxiety disorders in the participants Based on the results presented in the table and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity have an important and significant impact on generalized anxiety disorders among the participants, meaning that the symptoms of anxiety and stress in participants are related to lack of physical activity . Table 29 A one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity, and generalized anxiety disorders. ANOVA Contrast Probability value Contrast intra groups 945.14 0.000 Contrast extra groups 18925.9 Effect of regular exercise on sleep quality among participants Based on the results presented in table 30 and noting the probability value equal to 0.004, we conclude that exercising regularly has an important and significant effect on the quality of sleep for the participants, that is, the quality of sleep is affected by exercising regularly . Table 30 A one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between regular exercise and sleep quality among participants. ANOVA Contrast Probability value Contrast intra groups 5.573 0.004 Contrast extra groups 323.37 Effect of regular exercise on the psychological state of participants Based on the results presented in the table and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that exercising regularly has an important and significant effect on the psychological state of the participants, meaning that the psychological state is affected by exercising regularly . Table 31 A one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between regular exercise and the psychological state of the participants. ANOVA Contrast Probability value Contrast intra groups 5199.36 0.000 Contrast extra groups 49009.14 Correlation between the regular exercise and depression in the participants Based on the results presented in the table 32 and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that exercising regularly has an important and significant effect on the symptoms of depression among the participants, meaning that depression is affected by exercising regularly . Table 32 A one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between regular exercise and depression among participants. ANOVA Contrast Probability value Contrast intra groups 2209.51 0.000 Contrast extra groups 17661.62 Correlation between the regular exercise and generalized anxiety disorder in participants Based on the results presented in the table 33 and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that exercising regularly has an important and significant effect on anxiety disorders among the participants, meaning that anxiety disorders in participants are affected by exercising regularly . Table 33 A one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between regular exercise and general anxiety disorders among participants. ANOVA Contrast Probability value Contrast intra groups 1075.85 0.000 Contrast extra groups 15938.26 Discussion We conducted a study on a sample size of 500 people. 47% of the sample were male and 53% female. Only 7.8% of the participants suffered from chronic diseases. The largest percentage of participants in the sample recorded that their parents had a university degree, as 69.4% of the sample had a father who had a university degree, while 56% of them had a mother who had a university degree. 45.2% of them weighed between 40 and 65, and only 1.2% of them weighed more than 115.8.8% of them recorded that they exercise daily, while 38.6% exercise it one day a week. 6.8% suffer from very poor sleep, while 21.2% recorded that sleep quality is very good. In this context, 87.6% of the sample confirmed that they did not take any medications to help them sleep, while 5% of them faced difficulty staying awake. Regarding the psychological state aspect, 16% of the sample constantly feel sad, and 25% of them find the morning to be the time when they always feel better, while 11% have constant crying spells; In addition, 11% of the sample suffer from difficulty sleeping at night, and 6.2% notice that they are losing weight permanently. 6.4% of the sample always had a heartbeat faster than usual, and 17.8% felt tired for no reason all the time. 11% of the sample recorded that they rarely find it easy to do usual things, and 7.4% of the sample feel disturbed and unable to remain still permanently. 18.7% confirmed that they have become more nervous than usual, 23.8% enjoy doing usual things, and 19.2% of them constantly feel more stressed and anxious than usual. 12.2% of the sample feel afraid for no reason, 17.2% of them are easily upset all the time, and 15.8% suffer from headaches and pain in the neck and back all the time.13.6% always feel weak and tired easily, 5% are constantly bothered by dizzy spells, 6.2% of the sample suffer from dry hands, while 8.6% of the sample suffer from shyness and redness of the face, and 8.8% constantly have nightmares. In the depression axis, 10.6% are disturbed on a daily basis by the lack of attention, 11% feel depressed, upset and sad on a daily basis, 11.2% of them suffer from difficulties in sleeping, and 13.6% feel a lack of activity on a daily basis; 13.4% suffer from eating and appetite disorders, and 17.6% of the sample feel dissatisfied and had sense of failure and betrayal every day. 11.6% of the sample has difficulty concentrating, 8.4% of them suffer from movement disorders every day, 6.2% want to commit suicide every day, and about 53.4% of the participants experience depression as a moderate difficulty in daily life. Regarding problems of generalized anxiety disorders, we note that 15% of the sample feels tense, anxious, and nervous daily, and 14.4% of the sample is unable to stop anxiety and worries on a daily basis. In addition, 18.8% of the sample felt anxious about several things on a daily basis, and 13.4% of the sample recorded difficulty in relaxing daily, while 8.8% felt unstable. 20% of the sample reported that they get emotional and upset easily on a daily basis, while 11.6% feel very afraid on a daily basis. 53.4% of the sample confirms that these problems cause moderate difficulty in their daily lives. 51.6% of the sample confirms that they practice regular physical activity, 27.6% of the sample exercise more than 3 days, and 20.4% of them exercise for more than 60 minutes. 74.4% recorded that they exert moderate effort on a daily basis, while 67.4% have moderate activity at work. 3.6% of the sample expressed that they need more than 10 hours for housework, about 15% spend more than 60 minutes, and 51.2% climb a moderate number of stairs. Statistics Results There is an important and significant effect of the participant’s gender on his commitment to sports, that is, commitment to sports varies according to the participant’s gender. There is an important and significant relationship between the gender of the participant and the general psychological state. There is an important and significant effect of the participant’s gender on depressive symptoms, that is, depression and its symptoms are related to the participant’s gender. There is a significant and important effect of participant gender on symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, i.e. the frequency and frequency of symptoms is related to participant gender. There is an important and significant effect of sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on the psychological state of participants. There is a significant and important effect of sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on depressive symptoms and their frequency. There is a significant and important effect of sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on the symptoms and frequency of anxiety disorders. There is a significant and important effect of sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on participants’ sleep quality. There is an important and significant effect of regular exercise on the general psychological state of participants. There is a significant and important effect of regular exercise on depressive symptoms and their frequency in participants. There is a significant and important effect of exercise on the quality of sleep among participants. There is a significant and important effect of exercise on participants’ symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Most Important Global Studies According to previous results and their correspondence with recent studies An American study in 2021 conducted on 70,000 high school students found that playing sports has a significant impact on mental health, especially team sports. In a new study recently published in the Journal of Adolescent Health, in which Australian children participated over a period of about 8 years, it included an evaluation of the relationship between playing sports and mental health among these children from the time they completed six years of age until they reached fifteen years of age. This study focused on The transitional period (adulthood) from childhood to adolescence, during which most cases witness sharp turns in the psychological levels and how to deal with feelings and emotions, is offset by a decrease in motor and sports activity in children and adolescents during this age period, which may increase the risk of developing many problems. Psychological, so it was necessary to understand the relationship between mental health and the changes that occur during puberty. The study reached the conclusion that engaging in sports, whether individual or team, had a positive impact on the mental health of participants in various aspects, with a clear superiority when practicing team sports. The results of a new study from the University of South Australia showed that exercise is one and a half times more effective in treating mild and moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety than psychological sessions, depression medications, and behavioral therapy. The research paper was published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine and is the most comprehensive study of its kind, which included 97 systematic reviews, 1,039 experiments and more than 128,000 respondents. The Australian medical system built its strategy on hundreds of research trials that studied the effect of physical activity on depression and anxiety, until an extensive analysis of current research concluded that physical activity should be viewed as the first option for treating people suffering from a psychological crisis, with a success rate greater than the effectiveness of physical activity. pharmaceutical. Another American study revealed a low rate of young people practicing exercise and sports activities, which has a negative impact on their psychological health and cognitive levels, in addition to the general health effects associated with obesity and low levels of physical fitness, which in turn also negatively affects mental health. According to the center, exercising and physical activities contribute to reducing the chances of depression and anxiety, enhance cognitive abilities such as memory, and help prevent obesity and low fitness levels with age. Conclusion Gender had an effect on adherence to exercise, general psychological state, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity also had an impact on psychological state, symptoms of depression and their frequency, symptoms of anxiety disorders and their frequency, and sleep quality. Regular exercise also affected the general psychological state, symptoms of depression and their frequency, sleep quality, and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. References Jastreboff P. J. (1990). Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): mechanisms of generation and perception. Neuroscience research, 8(4), 221–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0102(90)90031-9. Yetiser, S., Tosun, F., Satar, B., Arslanhan, M., Akcam, T., & Ozkaptan, Y. (2002). The role of zinc in management of tinnitus. Auris, nasus, larynx, 29(4), 329–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0385-8146(02)00023-8. Nondahl, D. M., Cruickshanks, K. J., Wiley, T. 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Illusory percepts from auditory adaptation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(3), 1632–1641. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2431346. Chen, G. D., & Fechter, L. D. (2003). The relationship between noise-induced hearing loss and hair cell loss in rats. Hearing research, 177(1-2), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(02)00802-x. Jastreboff, P. J., Jastreboff, M. M., & Snow, J. (2004). Tinnitus: theory and management. BC Decker, Inc, 8-15. Kaltenbach, J. A., Zhang, J., & Finlayson, P. (2005). Tinnitus as a plastic phenomenon and its possible neural underpinnings in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Hearing research, 206(1-2), 200–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2005.02.013. Kaltenbach, J. A., Zhang, J., Zacharek, M. A., & Snow, J. (2004). Tinnitus: theory and management. Levine R. A. (1999). Somatic (craniocervical) tinnitus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus hypothesis. American journal of otolaryngology, 20(6), 351–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0709(99)90074-1. Schreiner, C. E., Cheung, S. W., & Snow, J. B. (2004). Tinnitus: Theory and management. Kaltenbach, J. A., Zhang, J., & Afman, C. E. (2000). Plasticity of spontaneous neural activity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus after intense sound exposure. Hearing research, 147(1-2), 282–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(00)00138-6. Salvi, R. J., Wang, J., & Ding, D. (2000). Auditory plasticity and hyperactivity following cochlear damage. Hearing research, 147(1-2), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(00)00136-2. Lockwood, A. H., Salvi, R. J., Burkard, R. F., Galantowicz, P. J., Coad, M. L., & Wack, D. S. (1999). Neuroanatomy of tinnitus. Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum, 51, 47–52. Reyes, S. A., Salvi, R. J., Burkard, R. F., Coad, M. L., Wack, D. S., Galantowicz, P. J., & Lockwood, A. H. (2002). Brain imaging of the effects of lidocaine on tinnitus. Hearing research, 171(1-2), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(02)00346-5. Wang, J., Ding, D., & Salvi, R. J. (2002). 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The American journal of otology, 13(5), 454–464. Dobie, R. A., Sakai, C. S., Sullivan, M. D., Katon, W. J., & Russo, J. (1993). Antidepressant treatment of tinnitus patients: report of a randomized clinical trial and clinical prediction of benefit. The American journal of otology, 14(1), 18–23. Podoshin, L., Ben-David, Y., Fradis, M., Malatskey, S., & Hafner, H. (1995). Idiopathic Subjective Tinnitus Treated by Amitriptyline Hydrochloride/Biofeedback. The international tinnitus journal, 1(1), 54–60. Johnson, R. M., Brummett, R., & Schleuning, A. (1993). Use of alprazolam for relief of tinnitus. A double-blind study. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery, 119(8), 842–845. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1993.01880200042006. Lechtenberg, R., & Shulman, A. (1984). Benzodiazepines in the treatment of tinnitus. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 98(S9), 271-276. Sanchez, T. G., Balbani, A. P., Bittar, R. S., Bento, R. F., & Câmara, J. (1999). Lidocaine test in patients with tinnitus: rationale of accomplishment and relation to the treatment with carbamazepine. Auris, nasus, larynx, 26(4), 411–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0385-8146(99)00020-6. Vermeij, P., & Hulshof, J. H. (1986). Dose finding of tocainide in the treatment of tinnitus. International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology, 24(4), 207–212. Penner M. J. (1989). Aspirin abolishes tinnitus caused by spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. A case study. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery, 115(7), 871–875. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1989.01860310109034. Penner M. J. (1989). Aspirin abolishes tinnitus caused by spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. A case study. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery, 115(7), 871–875. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1989.01860310109034. Azevedo, A. A., & Figueiredo, R. R. (2005). Tinnitus treatment with acamprosate: double-blind study. Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology, 71(5), 618–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1808-8694(15)31266-0. Tyler, R. S., Noble, W., Preece, J., Dunn, C. C., Witt, S. A., & Snow, J. (2004). Tinnitus: theory and management. Andersson, G., Baguley, D. M., Baker, C., Bance, M. L., Beukes, E., Coelho, C., ... & Witt, S. A. (2022). Tinnitus treatment: clinical protocols. Thieme Medical Publishers, Incorporated. Charts Charts 1-20 are available in the Supplementary Files section. Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files Charts.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4278137","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":292052704,"identity":"917ff826-371c-4bdd-8561-928f169f00d5","order_by":0,"name":"Hussam Al-Nakri","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACgwMwFnv7wQdAioePeC08Z5INQBQb8VokEswkQDRhLTfSH3/4mcOQZ3AgIa3ya46dDBsD88NHN/Bosb+RYybZu42h2ODAwWO3ZbclAx3GZmycg9eWHDYG3m0MiRsONqTdltzGDNTCwyaNX0v6449/QVoOM5gVS26rJ0ZLgoE02JZjDGaMH7cdJkLLmTdm0rLbJBJnnuFJlmbcdpyHjZmQX44DHfZ2m01i3/3nBz/+3FZtz8/e/PAxPi1QAI4RBmYeMElYOQIw/iBF9SgYBaNgFIwYAAAGc0v+9k7WoAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hussam","middleName":"","lastName":"Al-Nakri","suffix":""},{"id":292052705,"identity":"7e3f78c4-a19c-46fe-b91a-02ce7c48a565","order_by":1,"name":"Naya Ibrahim","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Naya","middleName":"","lastName":"Ibrahim","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-16 20:47:04","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4278137/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4278137/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":54925101,"identity":"8a0d4fa5-3ea5-403e-9427-91a8b708855c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-18 16:29:10","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":986388,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4278137/v1/eb729f36-9d35-4216-af5e-def806aaf893.pdf"},{"id":54924957,"identity":"8874cc22-5f12-41bd-b4cc-ebf8dd6e1fd2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-18 16:21:09","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":450583,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Charts.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4278137/v1/f480ee74c605324ce3a24685.docx"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCorrelation of Mental Health and Physical Activity, \u003c/strong\u003eA cross-sectional study among a sample in Damascus, Syria\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI: Physical Activity and Mental Health\u003c/strong\u003e: Mental health disorders are one of the leading causes of global health burden, and are clearly a high-cost problem on both an individual and societal scale. Hundreds of research trials have been conducted measuring the effect of physical activity on depression, anxiety, and psychological distress, and many suggest that exercise may have effects similar to psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eII: The concept of physical fitness\u003c/strong\u003e: Physical activity is defined as any physical movement that results from the contraction of the body\u0026apos;s skeletal muscles and increases energy expenditure above the basal level, which means the minimum amount of energy needed to maintain vital body processes. Exercise is a planned piece of physical activity that is a structured, repetitive physical movement that improves or maintains one or more components of physical fitness. Physical fitness is a set of characteristics that people have or achieve that relate to the ability to perform physical activity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIII: Epidemiology and statistics\u003c/strong\u003e: More than 1.4\u0026nbsp;billion of the world\u0026apos;s adult population are not active enough. Worldwide, about one in three women and one in four men do not do enough physical activity to stay healthy. Levels of inactivity in high-income countries are twice as high as in low-income countries, and insufficient activity increased by 5% (from 31.6\u0026ndash;36.8%) in high-income countries between 2001 and 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec2\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eVI: Special considerations regarding physical activity:\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChildren and adolescents\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNearly half of America\u0026apos;s youth (ages 12 to 21) do not engage in vigorous physical activity on a regular basis. Physical activity declines during adolescence, as physical education and sports for young people become less available in school, and less active leisure activities become more important.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe Healthy People organization in 2010 set specific goals, considering that obesity and inactivity are broad epidemics that include both genders, regardless of the diversity and variation of risk factors. Females are less active than males, although the gender activity gap has shown a decline since 1992.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eV: Physiological mechanisms\u003c/strong\u003e: When participating in activities and exercise, the body produces opiates and endocannabinoids, which are neurostimulants associated with pleasure, and have anti-anxiety, drowsiness, and pain-reducing effects. Researchers suggest that regular physical activity improves the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, reducing cortisol secretion and rebalancing the hormones leptin and ghrelin. Regular exercise has immunomodulatory effects that improve the secretion of catecholamines, reduce cortisol levels, and reduce inflammatory events around the body.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eSignificance of the study\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eA study examining the correlation of mental health and physical activity is of great importance in understanding the complex interplay between physical and mental health. The findings of this study have significant implications for public health initiatives, clinical interventions, and guideline building, as it calls for the integration of physical activity promotion within the mental health care setting to promote well-being in populations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eObjective of the study\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study aims to evaluate the prevalence of physical activity among participants, evaluate their mental state and the prevalence of anxiety and depression rates, evaluate sleep disorders, and study the correlation of demographic variables and study elements.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStudy design, setting and participants\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of residents of Damascus, Syria. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. They were informed that all their responses were recorded anonymously, and that responding to all questions was not obligatory. The inclusion criteria included all those who responded to the questionnaire within the time period between September and December 2023, being 18 years and older. Using the questionnaire, data was collected for 500 participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), Faculty of Human Medicine, Syrian Private University.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eData collection tools\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eA self-administered and completed questionnaire in Arabic by participants, which has been used in previous studies, was published. The questionnaire consists of five sections (Demographics and social customs; Ricci-Gagnon scale for assessing physical activity; Questions related to sleep quality and its disorders; Patient Health Questionnaire - Depressive Disorder PHQ9; Patient Health Questionnaire - Generalized Anxiety Disorder PHQ-GAD7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStatistical study\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eData were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0, displaying frequencies and percentages (for categorical variables), or means and standard deviations (SD) (for continuous variables). Using the Chi-Square test of independence, the T test was also used.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eEthical considerations\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003e The research ethics committee approved the study protocol by the Syrian Private University, Faculty of Medicine. Informed consent was obtained from each participant before participation. This study did not include participants under the age of 18 years. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eA. Descriptive study\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA descriptive study was conducted on a sample of 500 people and the results of this descriptive study:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eI- Demographic variables and sample characteristics:\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eGender\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe proportion of females in the studied sample was 53%, while the proportion of males was 47%.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epresenting the results of the descriptive study regarding the gender of the participants in the sample.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e235\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eChronic diseases\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.2% of the sample did not suffer from chronic diseases, while 7.8% had suffered from chronic diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epresenting the results of the descriptive study on participants\u0026rsquo; suffering from chronic diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChronic diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e461\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eParental education\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe majority of parents\u0026rsquo; educational level was university. The percentage of the sample\u0026rsquo;s father obtaining a university degree was 69.4%, while the percentage of mother obtaining a university degree was 56%.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epresenting the results of the descriptive study on the educational level of the parents.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParental education\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efather\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMother\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCollege degree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh school diploma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eprep school degree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary certificate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eWeight\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe weight of the sample members ranged between 40 until over 115 kg. 45.2% of the sample had a weight between 40\u0026ndash;65 kg, while 45% had a weight between 66\u0026ndash;90 kg. while 8.6% of them weighted 91\u0026ndash;115 kg. Only 1.2% had over 115 kg of weight.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epresenting the results of the descriptive study on the weight of participants in the sample.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWeight\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;65 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u0026ndash;90 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91\u0026ndash;115 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;115 kg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eFrequency of exercise\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe higher percentage was for those who exercise one day per week, at 38.6%, while the percentage of those who exercise daily was only 8.8%.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5\u003c/strong\u003e: presenting the results of the descriptive study on the frequency of exercises per week.\u003c/div\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency of exercise\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edaily\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;5 days per week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3 days per week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1 days per week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eper week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e193\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eHours of using the computer and watching TV per week\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe vast majority of the sample spent less than 15 hours on the computer and television, at a rate of 81.1%, while one individual from the sample spent between 76\u0026ndash;100 hours using them, and one individual spent more than 100 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 6\u003c/strong\u003e: presenting the results of the descriptive study on the number of hours of using the computer and watching TV.\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tabb\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePCs \u0026amp; TVs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHours/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;15 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e409\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u0026ndash;30 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u0026ndash;45 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u0026ndash;60 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u0026ndash;75 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u0026ndash;100 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;100 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eII- Sleep quality and its disorders:\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSleep quality\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMost of the participants had a fairly good sleep at 53.4%, while 21.2% of them had a very good sleep. Also, 18.6% of them had somewhat bad sleep, and only 6.8% suffered from very bad sleep.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epresenting the results of the descriptive study on the participants\u0026rsquo; sleep quality in the sample.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSleep quality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003every good\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFairly good\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e267\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSomewhat bad\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVery bad\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSleep disorders\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegarding taking sleeping pills to help participants sleep (with or without a prescription), the vast majority of the sample (87.6%) hadn\u0026rsquo;t taken them during the previous month. As for having difficulty staying awake while driving, eating meals, or participating in any social activity, 59.6% did not face any difficulty during the past month.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 8\u003c/strong\u003e: presenting the results of the descriptive study on sleep disorders among participants during the past month.\u003c/div\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tabc\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSleep quality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSleep bills\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifficult to stay awake\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e438\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e298\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce per week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTwice per week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 times or more per week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eIII: Depression and anxiety\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe following tables present the results of participants\u0026apos; anxiety and depression questionnaires\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tabd\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScarcely\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eoccasionally\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efrequently\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epermanently\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efeel depressed and sad\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e214\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMorning is the time to feel best\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ecrying spells or feel like crying\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifficult to sleeping night\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoticing the weight loss\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eheart beats faster\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e251\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efeel tired for no reason\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epresenting the results of the descriptive study on the sample\u0026rsquo;s answers to some questions related to the psychological state of the participants. (How frequently have you been bothered by any of the following problems over the other two weeks)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScarcely\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eoccasionally\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efrequently\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epermanently\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eeasiness doing usual things\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeeling restless can\u0026apos;t stay still\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e309\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efeeling more nervous\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eenjoy doing usual things\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeeling more stressed anxious\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efeeling afraid for no reason\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e272\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ebeing upset easily or panic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeadache neck \u0026amp; back pain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efeeling weak and tired easily\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e215\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edizzy spells\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e373\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehands usually dry and warm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e319\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eface gets hot and blushing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e269\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esleep easily and good rest\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enightmares\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e287\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 10\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epresenting the results of the descriptive study on the sample\u0026rsquo;s answers to some questions related to the depression axis. (How frequently have you been bothered by the following problems over the last four weeks)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeveral days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMost days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEvery day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLack of interest or pleasure in doing things\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e216\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeeling upset, depressed, or hopeless\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e205\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifficult to fall asleep or stay asleep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeeling tired or inactive\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e218\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEating disorders (lack of appetite, or binge eating)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeeling dissatisfied with yourself\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e204\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifficulties focusing on things\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlowly moving and speaking or vice versa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e289\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThinking it is better to die and wanting to suicide\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e371\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 11\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epresenting the results of the descriptive study of participants\u0026rsquo; answers to some questions related to the theme of generalized anxiety disorder. (How much difficulty has this problem made it difficult for you to do work, study, home responsibility, get along with people)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeveral days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMost days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEvery day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeeling tense, nervous or anxious\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e218\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInability to stop or control anxiety and worries\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e170\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExcessive worry and worrying about several things\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e176\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifficult to feel relaxed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeeling so unstable it becomes difficult to stay still\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e247\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEasily irritated or feeling upset\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeeling afraid as if there is something terrible might happen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 12\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epresenting the results of the descriptive study on the degree of difficulties that depression creates in the daily life, work, and study of participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifficulty degree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo difficulty\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium difficulty\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e267\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVery big difficulty\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(How much difficulty has this problem made it difficult for you to do work, study, home responsibility, get along with people)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab10\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 13\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epresenting the results of the descriptive study of the degree of difficulty caused by general anxiety in daily life, work, home responsibilities, and harmony.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifficulty degree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo difficulty\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium difficulty\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e267\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVery big difficulty\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab11\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 14\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epresenting the results of the descriptive study on sedentary behavior. How much time do you spend sitting each day (leisure activities, television, computer, work, etc.)?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;4 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u0026ndash;6 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;6 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eVI: Physical activities and fitness\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003ePhysical activity\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegarding the participants\u0026rsquo; physical activity, the results were almost equal. 51.6% of the sample engaged in one or more physical activity, while 48.4% did not engage in any activity.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab12\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 15\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epresenting the results of the descriptive study on the physical activity of the participants. Do you regularly practice one or more physical activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhysical activity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e242\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eTimes to do physical activities\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe largest percentage was for those who practiced physical activities once or twice a month, at 34.8%. While those who practiced it more than 3 times a week, their percentage was 27.6%.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 16\u003c/strong\u003e: presenting the results of the descriptive study on the number of times physical activity is practiced.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabe\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2 days a month\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2 days a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 days a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 days a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eDuration of exercise\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.2% of the sample exercised for less than 15 minutes, while 17.6% of them exercised 16\u0026ndash;30 minutes, and 20.4% of them exercised more than 60 minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab13\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 17\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShows the results of the descriptive study on duration of exercise.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDuration of exercise\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;15 mins\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e151\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u0026ndash;30 minutes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u0026ndash;45 minutes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u0026ndash;60 minutes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;60 mins\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eEffort expended daily\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe vast majority of the sample, approximately 74.4%, exert moderate effort daily, while 14.4% exert high effort, and 11.2% exert light effort.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eTable 18\u003c/strong\u003e: presenting results of the descriptive study on the amount of effort a person makes on a daily basis.\u003ctable id=\"Tabf\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEffort expended\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLittle effort\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium effort\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e372\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGreat effort\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003ePhysical activity required by the occupation\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.4% of the sample\u0026apos;s occupation requires moderate activity, while 29.8%\u0026lsquo;s occupation requires little activity. As for 2.8%, their occupation requires a lot of activity.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 19\u003c/strong\u003e: presenting results of the descriptive study on the physical activity required by the occupation.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabg\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhysical activity in job\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA little activity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e149\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate activity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e337\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLots of activities\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eHours needed for household chores and others\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57% of the sample spent less than two hours on household chores and other work, while 25.8% spent 3\u0026ndash;4 hours, and only 3.8% spent more than 10 hours on household chores and other works.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab14\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 20\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epresenting results of the descriptive study on the number of hours needed for other household chores.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDuration of exercise\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e285\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;4 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u0026ndash;6 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u0026ndash;9 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eDuration of walking daily\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.2% of the sample walked less than 15 minutes, while 34.6% walked 16\u0026ndash;30 minutes, and 17.2% walked 31\u0026ndash;45 minutes. Only 10% walk 46\u0026ndash;60 minutes, and 15% of them walk more than 60 minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 21\u003c/strong\u003e: presenting results of the descriptive study on the duration of daily walking by the sample.\u003c/div\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tabh\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDuration of walking\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;15 mins\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u0026ndash;30 minutes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e173\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u0026ndash;45 minutes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u0026ndash;60 minutes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;60 mins\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec25\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStairs that participants climb\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe majority of the sample climbed a moderate number of stairs (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e), at a rate of 51.2%, while 18.2% of them climbed a small number of stairs (2 or less), and 28.6% of them climbed a large number of stairs (more than 10).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 22\u003c/strong\u003e: Results of the descriptive study on number of stairs climbed by participants in the sample.\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabi\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStairs climbed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2 stairs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(small)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;10 stairs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(moderate)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10 stairs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(large)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec26\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eB. Analytical study\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec27\" class=\"Section4\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStudy the impact of demographic indicators:\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCorrelation between participant\u0026rsquo;s gender and commitment to sports\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBased on the results presented in table 23, we notice that there is a difference between the averages, and by observing the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that this difference is of importance and statistical significance, meaning that \u003cem\u003ethere is a correlation between the gender of the participant and his commitment to exercise\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab15\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 23\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStudent Test for independent samples to study the correlation between participant\u0026rsquo;s gender and his commitment to sports.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAverages\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbability value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec28\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eCorrelation between the gender of the participant and his/her psychological state\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWe had the questions related to the psychological state and studied them as one axis. Based on the results presented in the table 24 and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that \u003cem\u003ethe gender of the participant has a correlation with his general psychological state, and a significant and important effect on the psychological state\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab16\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 24\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eone-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between the gender of the participant and the psychological state of the participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbability value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast intra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4523.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast extra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49684.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCorrelation between participant\u0026rsquo;s gender and depressive symptoms\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo study this effect, we had the questions related to the depression axis and studied them as one axis. Based on the results presented in the table 25 and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that the gender of the participant has a correlation with the symptoms of depression and their degree, meaning that \u003cem\u003ethe symptoms of depression and their frequency are related to gender of the participant\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab17\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 25\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between the gender of the participant and the participants\u0026rsquo; depressive symptoms.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbability value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast intra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e268.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast extra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19602.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec30\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eCorrelation between participant gender and symptoms of the generalized anxiety disorder\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTo study this effect, we had the questions related to the general anxiety axis and studied them as one axis. Based on the results presented in the table 26 and observing the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that the gender of the participant has a relationship with the symptoms of general anxiety, meaning that \u003cem\u003ethe symptoms of general anxiety and their frequency are related to the gender of the participant\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab18\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 26\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between the gender of the participant and participants\u0026rsquo; generalized anxiety disorders.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbability value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast intra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e631.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast extra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16383.033\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec31\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eEffect of sedentary behavior on the psychological state of participants\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBased on the results presented in the table 27 and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity have an important and significant impact on the general psychological state, that is, \u003cem\u003ethe psychological state is affected by lack of physical activity\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab19\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 27\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on general psychological state of the participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbability value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast intra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1498.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast extra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52709.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec32\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eEffect of sedentary behavior on depressive symptoms and their frequency in participants\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBased on the results presented in the table and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity have an important and significant effect on depression and its symptoms, meaning that \u003cem\u003ethe symptoms of depression and the frequency of their occurrence in participants are related to lack of physical activity\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab20\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 28\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on depression.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbability value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast intra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e945.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast extra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18925.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec33\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eEffect of sedentary behavior on generalized anxiety disorders in the participants\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBased on the results presented in the table and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity have an important and significant impact on generalized anxiety disorders among the participants, meaning that the \u003cem\u003esymptoms of anxiety and stress in participants are related to lack of physical activity\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab21\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 29\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity, and generalized anxiety disorders.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbability value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast intra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e945.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast extra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18925.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEffect of regular exercise on sleep quality among participants\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on the results presented in table 30 and noting the probability value equal to 0.004, we conclude that exercising regularly has an important and significant effect on the quality of sleep for the participants, that is, \u003cem\u003ethe quality of sleep is affected by exercising regularly\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab22\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 30\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between regular exercise and sleep quality among participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbability value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast intra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.573\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast extra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e323.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEffect of regular exercise on the psychological state of participants\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on the results presented in the table and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that exercising regularly has an important and significant effect on the psychological state of the participants, meaning that \u003cem\u003ethe psychological state is affected by exercising regularly\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab23\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 31\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between regular exercise and the psychological state of the participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbability value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast intra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5199.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast extra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49009.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec36\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eCorrelation between the regular exercise and depression in the participants\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBased on the results presented in the table 32 and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that exercising regularly has an important and significant effect on the symptoms of depression among the participants, meaning that \u003cem\u003edepression is affected by exercising regularly\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab24\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 32\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between regular exercise and depression among participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbability value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast intra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2209.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast extra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17661.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec37\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eCorrelation between the regular exercise and generalized anxiety disorder in participants\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBased on the results presented in the table 33 and noting the probability value equal to 0.000, we conclude that exercising regularly has an important and significant effect on anxiety disorders among the participants, meaning that \u003cem\u003eanxiety disorders in participants are affected by exercising regularly\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab25\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 33\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test to study the correlation between regular exercise and general anxiety disorders among participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbability value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast intra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1075.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContrast extra groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15938.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eWe conducted a study on a sample size of 500 people. 47% of the sample were male and 53% female. Only 7.8% of the participants suffered from chronic diseases. The largest percentage of participants in the sample recorded that their parents had a university degree, as 69.4% of the sample had a father who had a university degree, while 56% of them had a mother who had a university degree.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e45.2% of them weighed between 40 and 65, and only 1.2% of them weighed more than 115.8.8% of them recorded that they exercise daily, while 38.6% exercise it one day a week. 6.8% suffer from very poor sleep, while 21.2% recorded that sleep quality is very good.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this context, 87.6% of the sample confirmed that they did not take any medications to help them sleep, while 5% of them faced difficulty staying awake.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding the psychological state aspect, 16% of the sample constantly feel sad, and 25% of them find the morning to be the time when they always feel better, while 11% have constant crying spells; In addition, 11% of the sample suffer from difficulty sleeping at night, and 6.2% notice that they are losing weight permanently. 6.4% of the sample always had a heartbeat faster than usual, and 17.8% felt tired for no reason all the time. 11% of the sample recorded that they rarely find it easy to do usual things, and 7.4% of the sample feel disturbed and unable to remain still permanently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.7% confirmed that they have become more nervous than usual, 23.8% enjoy doing usual things, and 19.2% of them constantly feel more stressed and anxious than usual. 12.2% of the sample feel afraid for no reason, 17.2% of them are easily upset all the time, and 15.8% suffer from headaches and pain in the neck and back all the time.13.6% always feel weak and tired easily, 5% are constantly bothered by dizzy spells, 6.2% of the sample suffer from dry hands, while 8.6% of the sample suffer from shyness and redness of the face, and 8.8% constantly have nightmares.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the depression axis, 10.6% are disturbed on a daily basis by the lack of attention, 11% feel depressed, upset and sad on a daily basis, 11.2% of them suffer from difficulties in sleeping, and 13.6% feel a lack of activity on a daily basis; 13.4% suffer from eating and appetite disorders, and 17.6% of the sample feel dissatisfied and had sense of failure and betrayal every day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.6% of the sample has difficulty concentrating, 8.4% of them suffer from movement disorders every day, 6.2% want to commit suicide every day, and about 53.4% of the participants experience depression as a moderate difficulty in daily life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding problems of generalized anxiety disorders, we note that 15% of the sample feels tense, anxious, and nervous daily, and 14.4% of the sample is unable to stop anxiety and worries on a daily basis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, 18.8% of the sample felt anxious about several things on a daily basis, and 13.4% of the sample recorded difficulty in relaxing daily, while 8.8% felt unstable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20% of the sample reported that they get emotional and upset easily on a daily basis, while 11.6% feel very afraid on a daily basis. \u0026nbsp;53.4% of the sample confirms that these problems cause moderate difficulty in their daily lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.6% of the sample confirms that they practice regular physical activity, 27.6% of the sample exercise more than 3 days, and 20.4% of them exercise for more than 60 minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e74.4% recorded that they exert moderate effort on a daily basis, while 67.4% have moderate activity at work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.6% of the sample expressed that they need more than 10 hours for housework, about 15% spend more than 60 minutes, and 51.2% climb a moderate number of stairs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistics Results\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is an important and significant effect of the participant\u0026rsquo;s gender on his commitment to sports, that is, commitment to sports varies according to the participant\u0026rsquo;s gender.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is an important and significant relationship between the gender of the participant and the general psychological state.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is an important and significant effect of the participant\u0026rsquo;s gender on depressive symptoms, that is, depression and its symptoms are related to the participant\u0026rsquo;s gender.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is a significant and important effect of participant gender on symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, i.e. the frequency and frequency of symptoms is related to participant gender.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is an important and significant effect of sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on the psychological state of participants.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is a significant and important effect of sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on depressive symptoms and their frequency.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is a significant and important effect of sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on the symptoms and frequency of anxiety disorders.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is a significant and important effect of sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on participants\u0026rsquo; sleep quality.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is an important and significant effect of regular exercise on the general psychological state of participants.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is a significant and important effect of regular exercise on depressive symptoms and their frequency in participants.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is a significant and important effect of exercise on the quality of sleep among participants.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThere is a significant and important effect of exercise on participants\u0026rsquo; symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMost Important Global Studies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccording to previous results and their correspondence with recent studies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAn American study in 2021 conducted on 70,000 high school students found that playing sports has a significant impact on mental health, especially team sports.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eIn a new study recently published in the Journal of Adolescent Health, in which Australian children participated over a period of about 8 years, it included an evaluation of the relationship between playing sports and mental health among these children from the time they completed six years of age until they reached fifteen years of age. This study focused on The transitional period (adulthood) from childhood to adolescence, during which most cases witness sharp turns in the psychological levels and how to deal with feelings and emotions, is offset by a decrease in motor and sports activity in children and adolescents during this age period, which may increase the risk of developing many problems. Psychological, so it was necessary to understand the relationship between mental health and the changes that occur during puberty.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study reached the conclusion that engaging in sports, whether individual or team, had a positive impact on the mental health of participants in various aspects, with a clear superiority when practicing team sports.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe results of a new study from the University of South Australia showed that exercise is one and a half times more effective in treating mild and moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety than psychological sessions, depression medications, and behavioral therapy.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research paper was published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine and is the most comprehensive study of its kind, which included 97 systematic reviews, 1,039 experiments and more than 128,000 respondents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Australian medical system built its strategy on hundreds of research trials that studied the effect of physical activity on depression and anxiety, until an extensive analysis of current research concluded that physical activity should be viewed as the first option for treating people suffering from a psychological crisis, with a success rate greater than the effectiveness of physical activity. pharmaceutical.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAnother American study revealed a low rate of young people practicing exercise and sports activities, which has a negative impact on their psychological health and cognitive levels, in addition to the general health effects associated with obesity and low levels of physical fitness, which in turn also negatively affects mental health.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the center, exercising and physical activities contribute to reducing the chances of depression and anxiety, enhance cognitive abilities such as memory, and help prevent obesity and low fitness levels with age.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eGender had an effect on adherence to exercise, general psychological state, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity also had an impact on psychological state, symptoms of depression and their frequency, symptoms of anxiety disorders and their frequency, and sleep quality. Regular exercise also affected the general psychological state, symptoms of depression and their frequency, sleep quality, and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJastreboff P. J. (1990). Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): mechanisms of generation and perception. Neuroscience research, 8(4), 221\u0026ndash;254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0102(90)90031-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYetiser, S., Tosun, F., Satar, B., Arslanhan, M., Akcam, T., \u0026amp; Ozkaptan, Y. (2002). The role of zinc in management of tinnitus. Auris, nasus, larynx, 29(4), 329\u0026ndash;333. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0385-8146(02)00023-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNondahl, D. M., Cruickshanks, K. J., Wiley, T. L., Klein, R., Klein, B. E., \u0026amp; Tweed, T. S. (2002). Prevalence and 5-year incidence of tinnitus among older adults: the epidemiology of hearing loss study. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 13(6), 323\u0026ndash;331.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDaniell, W. E., Fulton-Kehoe, D., Smith-Weller, T., \u0026amp; Franklin, G. M. (1998). Occupational hearing loss in Washington state, 1984-1991: II. Morbidity and associated costs. American journal of industrial medicine, 33(6), 529\u0026ndash;536. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199806)33:6\u0026lt;529::aid-ajim2\u0026gt;3.0.co;2-l.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCoelho, C. B., Sanchez, T. G., \u0026amp; Tyler, R. S. (2007). Tinnitus in children and associated risk factors. Progress in brain research, 166, 179\u0026ndash;191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66016-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDobie, R. A. (2004). Overview: Suffering from tinnitus. I James Byron Snow (red.): Tinnitus: Theory and management, 1\u0026ndash;7. Shelton (Connecticut): People\u0026rsquo;s Medical Publishing House.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBaguley D. M. (2002). Mechanisms of tinnitus. British medical bulletin, 63, 195\u0026ndash;212. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/63.1.195.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJastreboff, P. J., \u0026amp; Hazell, J. W. (2008). Tinnitus retraining therapy: Implementing the neurophysiological model. Cambridge University Press.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJastreboff, P. J., \u0026amp; Hazell, J. W. (1993). A neurophysiological approach to tinnitus: clinical implications. British journal of audiology, 27(1), 7\u0026ndash;17. https://doi.org/10.3109/03005369309077884.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTyler, R. S. (2006). Tinnitus treatment: Clinical protocols. Thieme.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDouek, E., \u0026amp; Reid, J. (1968). The diagnostic value of tinnitus pitch. 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Neural mechanisms underlying somatic tinnitus. Progress in brain research, 166, 107\u0026ndash;123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66010-5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLevin, R. A., \u0026amp; Snow, J. B. (2004). Tinnitus: theory and management.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBradley, W. G. (Ed.). (2003). Neurology in clinical practice (Vol. 2). Butterworth-Heinemann Medical.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLevine, R. A., Nam, E. C., \u0026amp; Melcher, J. (2008). Somatosensory pulsatile tinnitus syndrome: somatic testing identifies a pulsatile tinnitus subtype that implicates the somatosensory system. Trends in amplification, 12(3), 242\u0026ndash;253. https://doi.org/10.1177/1084713808321185.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNuttal, A. L., Meikle, M. B., Trune, D. R., \u0026amp; Snow, J. B. (2004). Tinnitus: theory and management. Ontario: BCDecker.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAxelsson, A., \u0026amp; Sandh, A. (1985). Tinnitus in noise-induced hearing loss. British journal of audiology, 19(4), 271\u0026ndash;276. https://doi.org/10.3109/03005368509078983.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLuxon L. M. (1993). Tinnitus: its causes, diagnosis, and treatment. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 306(6891), 1490\u0026ndash;1491. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.306.6891.1490.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStouffer, J. L., Tyler, R. S., Kileny, P. R., \u0026amp; Dalzell, L. E. (1991). Tinnitus as a function of duration and etiology: counselling implications. The American journal of otology, 12(3), 188\u0026ndash;194.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJastreboff, P. J., Jastreboff, M. M., \u0026amp; Snow, J. (2004). Tinnitus: theory and management. BC Decker, Inc, 8-15.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKaltenbach, J. A., Zhang, J., Zacharek, M. A., \u0026amp; Snow, J. (2004). Tinnitus: theory and management.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eErlandsson, S. I., Hallberg, L. R., \u0026amp; Axelsson, A. (1992). Psychological and audiological correlates of perceived tinnitus severity. Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology, 31(3), 168\u0026ndash;179. https://doi.org/10.3109/00206099209072912.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHenry, J. A., \u0026amp; Snow, J. B. (2004). Tinnitus: theory and management. Audiologic Assessment. Ontario: BC Decker Inc, 220-36.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSanchez, T. G., Balbani, A. P., Bittar, R. S., Bento, R. F., \u0026amp; C\u0026acirc;mara, J. (1999). Lidocaine test in patients with tinnitus: rationale of accomplishment and relation to the treatment with carbamazepine. Auris, nasus, larynx, 26(4), 411\u0026ndash;417. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0385-8146(99)00020-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLockwood, A. H., Salvi, R. J., \u0026amp; Burkard, R. F. (2002). Tinnitus. The New England journal of medicine, 347(12), 904\u0026ndash;910. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra013395.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLeske M. C. (1981). Prevalence estimates of communicative disorders in the U.S. Language, hearing and vestibular disorders. ASHA, 23(3), 229\u0026ndash;237.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRen, Y. F., \u0026amp; Isberg, A. (1995). Tinnitus in patients with temporomandibular joint internal derangement. Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice, 13(2), 75\u0026ndash;80. https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.1995.11678048.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHazell, J. W., \u0026amp; Jastreboff, P. J. (1990). Tinnitus. I: Auditory mechanisms: a model for tinnitus and hearing impairment. The Journal of otolaryngology, 19(1), 1\u0026ndash;5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKemp D. T. (1978). Stimulated acoustic emissions from within the human auditory system. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 64(5), 1386\u0026ndash;1391. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.382104.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrownell W. E. (1990). Outer hair cell electromotility and otoacoustic emissions. 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Archives of otolaryngology--head \u0026amp; neck surgery, 117(6), 674\u0026ndash;676. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1991.01870180110021.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKemp D. T. (1981). Physiologically active cochlear micromechanics--one source of tinnitus. Ciba Foundation symposium, 85, 54\u0026ndash;81. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470720677.ch5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProbst, R., Lonsbury-Martin, B. L., Martin, G. K., \u0026amp; Coats, A. C. (1987). Otoacoustic emissions in ears with hearing loss. American journal of otolaryngology, 8(2), 73\u0026ndash;81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0709(87)80027-3.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePenner, M. J., \u0026amp; Burns, E. M. (1987). The dissociation of SOAEs and tinnitus. Journal of speech and hearing research, 30(3), 396\u0026ndash;403. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3003.396.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKiang, N. Y., Moxon, E. C., \u0026amp; Levine, R. A. (1970). Auditory-nerve activity in cats with normal and abnormal cochleas. In: Sensorineural hearing loss. Ciba Foundation symposium, 241\u0026ndash;273. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470719756.ch15.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCardinaal, R. M., de Groot, J. C., Huizing, E. H., Veldman, J. E., \u0026amp; Smoorenburg, G. F. (2000). Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity: morphological evidence of spontaneous outer hair cell recovery in albino guinea pigs?. Hearing research, 144(1-2), 147\u0026ndash;156. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(00)00060-5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmmerich, E., Richter, F., Reinhold, U., Linss, V., \u0026amp; Linss, W. (2000). Effects of industrial noise exposure on distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and hair cell loss of the cochlea--long term experiments in awake guinea pigs. Hearing research, 148(1-2), 9\u0026ndash;17. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(00)00101-5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParra, L. C., \u0026amp; Pearlmutter, B. A. (2007). Illusory percepts from auditory adaptation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(3), 1632\u0026ndash;1641. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2431346.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen, G. D., \u0026amp; Fechter, L. D. (2003). The relationship between noise-induced hearing loss and hair cell loss in rats. Hearing research, 177(1-2), 81\u0026ndash;90. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(02)00802-x.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJastreboff, P. J., Jastreboff, M. M., \u0026amp; Snow, J. (2004). Tinnitus: theory and management. BC Decker, Inc, 8-15.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKaltenbach, J. A., Zhang, J., \u0026amp; Finlayson, P. (2005). Tinnitus as a plastic phenomenon and its possible neural underpinnings in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Hearing research, 206(1-2), 200\u0026ndash;226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2005.02.013.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKaltenbach, J. A., Zhang, J., Zacharek, M. A., \u0026amp; Snow, J. (2004). Tinnitus: theory and management.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLevine R. A. (1999). Somatic (craniocervical) tinnitus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus hypothesis. American journal of otolaryngology, 20(6), 351\u0026ndash;362. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0709(99)90074-1.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSchreiner, C. E., Cheung, S. W., \u0026amp; Snow, J. B. (2004). Tinnitus: Theory and management.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKaltenbach, J. A., Zhang, J., \u0026amp; Afman, C. E. (2000). Plasticity of spontaneous neural activity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus after intense sound exposure. Hearing research, 147(1-2), 282\u0026ndash;292. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(00)00138-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSalvi, R. J., Wang, J., \u0026amp; Ding, D. (2000). Auditory plasticity and hyperactivity following cochlear damage. Hearing research, 147(1-2), 261\u0026ndash;274. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(00)00136-2.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLockwood, A. H., Salvi, R. 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The American journal of otology, 19(6), 785\u0026ndash;789.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eM\u0026oslash;ller A. R. (1984). Pathophysiology of tinnitus. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology, 93(1 Pt 1), 39\u0026ndash;44.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoller A. R. (2000). Similarities between severe tinnitus and chronic pain. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 11(3), 115\u0026ndash;124.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDobie R. A. (1999). A review of randomized clinical trials in tinnitus. The Laryngoscope, 109(8), 1202\u0026ndash;1211. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-199908000-00004.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTyler, R. S. (2006). Tinnitus treatment: Clinical protocols. Thieme.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMurai, K., Tyler, R. S., Harker, L. A., \u0026amp; Stouffer, J. L. (1992). Review of pharmacologic treatment of tinnitus. The American journal of otology, 13(5), 454\u0026ndash;464.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDobie, R. A., Sakai, C. S., Sullivan, M. D., Katon, W. J., \u0026amp; Russo, J. (1993). Antidepressant treatment of tinnitus patients: report of a randomized clinical trial and clinical prediction of benefit. The American journal of otology, 14(1), 18\u0026ndash;23.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePodoshin, L., Ben-David, Y., Fradis, M., Malatskey, S., \u0026amp; Hafner, H. (1995). Idiopathic Subjective Tinnitus Treated by Amitriptyline Hydrochloride/Biofeedback. The international tinnitus journal, 1(1), 54\u0026ndash;60.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJohnson, R. M., Brummett, R., \u0026amp; Schleuning, A. (1993). Use of alprazolam for relief of tinnitus. A double-blind study. Archives of otolaryngology--head \u0026amp; neck surgery, 119(8), 842\u0026ndash;845. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1993.01880200042006.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLechtenberg, R., \u0026amp; Shulman, A. (1984). Benzodiazepines in the treatment of tinnitus. The Journal of Laryngology \u0026amp; Otology, 98(S9), 271-276.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSanchez, T. G., Balbani, A. P., Bittar, R. S., Bento, R. F., \u0026amp; C\u0026acirc;mara, J. (1999). Lidocaine test in patients with tinnitus: rationale of accomplishment and relation to the treatment with carbamazepine. Auris, nasus, larynx, 26(4), 411\u0026ndash;417. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0385-8146(99)00020-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVermeij, P., \u0026amp; Hulshof, J. H. (1986). Dose finding of tocainide in the treatment of tinnitus. International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology, 24(4), 207\u0026ndash;212.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePenner M. J. (1989). Aspirin abolishes tinnitus caused by spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. A case study. Archives of otolaryngology--head \u0026amp; neck surgery, 115(7), 871\u0026ndash;875. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1989.01860310109034.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePenner M. J. (1989). Aspirin abolishes tinnitus caused by spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. A case study. Archives of otolaryngology--head \u0026amp; neck surgery, 115(7), 871\u0026ndash;875. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1989.01860310109034.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAzevedo, A. A., \u0026amp; Figueiredo, R. R. (2005). Tinnitus treatment with acamprosate: double-blind study. Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology, 71(5), 618\u0026ndash;623. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1808-8694(15)31266-0.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTyler, R. S., Noble, W., Preece, J., Dunn, C. C., Witt, S. A., \u0026amp; Snow, J. (2004). Tinnitus: theory and management.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAndersson, G., Baguley, D. M., Baker, C., Bance, M. L., Beukes, E., Coelho, C., ... \u0026amp; Witt, S. A. (2022). Tinnitus treatment: clinical protocols. Thieme Medical Publishers, Incorporated.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Charts","content":"\u003cp\u003eCharts 1-20 are available in the Supplementary Files section.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Syrian Private University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Mental health, physical activity, fitness, sleeping disorder, anxiety, depression.","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4278137/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4278137/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMental health disorders are one of the leading causes of global health burden, and are clearly a high-cost problem on both an individual and societal scale. Hundreds of research trials have been conducted measuring the effect of physical activity on depression, anxiety, and stress, many of which suggest that exercise may have effects similar to psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterials and Methods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of residents of Damascus, Syria. The inclusion criteria included all those who responded to the questionnaire within the time period between September and December 2023, being 18 years and older. Using the questionnaire, data was collected for 500 participants. The questionnaire consists of five sections (Demographic information and social customs; Ricci-Gagnon scale for evaluating physical activity; Questions related to sleep quality and its disorders; Patient Health Questionnaire - Depressive Disorder PHQ9; Patient Health Questionnaire - Generalized Anxiety Disorder PHQ-GAD7). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0, using the Chi-Square test of independence, and the T test was also used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical test results\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA study on a sample size of 500 people was conducted. 47% of the sample were male and 53% female, only 7.8% of whom suffered from chronic diseases. The largest percentage of participants in the sample recorded that their parents had a university degree, as 69.4% of the sample had a father who had a university degree, while 56% of them had a mother who had a university degree.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is an important and significant correlation between the gender of the participant and its commitment to sports, and the general psychological state, depressive symptoms, symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is an important and significant effect of sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity on the psychological state of participants, and depressive symptoms and their frequency, symptoms and frequency of anxiety disorders, its sleep quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is an important and significant effect of regular exercise on the general psychological state of participants, depressive symptoms and their frequency in participants, their quality of sleep, symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Correlation of Mental Health and Physical Activity, A cross-sectional study among a sample in Damascus, Syria","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-18 16:21:04","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4278137/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f5934cf1-8eea-451d-8cad-cb06003399f7","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 18th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-04-18T16:21:04+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-18 16:21:04","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4278137","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4278137","identity":"rs-4278137","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}