Output of Significant Others in the Promotion and Sustainability of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Nursing Mothers In Ikeduru LGA, Imo State Nigeria:: A Quasi - Experimental Study

Output of Significant Others in the Promotion and Sustainability of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Nursing Mothers In Ikeduru LGA, Imo State Nigeria:: A Quasi - Experimental Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Output of Significant Others in the Promotion and Sustainability of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Nursing Mothers In Ikeduru LGA, Imo State Nigeria:: A Quasi - Experimental Study Mary Ulumma Udeh, Sally Nkechinyere Onyeka Ibe, Evangeline Tochi Oparaocha, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6239139/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 30 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Public Health → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) practice has remained a challenge globally despite its numerous potential health and economic benefits on both the mother and child. Methods This quasi experimental study determined the output of significant others in the promotion and sustenance of Exclusive breastfeeding practice among nursing mothers in Imo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling was adopted to select the participants who were 200 pregnant/nursing mothers and 200 significant others selected in 10 primary health care centers in Imo State. 100 significant others and 100 pregnant/nursing mothers were in each arm of the study and control group, The target population were significant others but the outcome of the intervention were assessed on the nursing mothers. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, the significance were tested using chi square (ꭓ 2 ), logistic regression and odds ratio were at p-value of 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results Results of the study revealed that on the socio-demographic variables of pregnant/ nursing mothers, the average age ± standard deviation is 25.8 ± 4.2 (control group: 26. ± 4.2; intervention group: 25.6 ± 4.2).Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding by significant others had strong significant associations among the intervention against control group; (P = < 0.000, ꭓ 2 =48.57, d.f. =2), initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of birth (control = 37.4%, 58.6% and 4% initiated 1–3 and 4–6 hours after birth respectively; intervention = (85.7%) initiated within one hour, 13.3% and 1% respectively initiated 1–3 and 4–6 hours after birth ). skin to skin contact (SSC) 92.9% & 46.5%; feeding of colostrums 95(96.9%) & 89(89.9% ) (P = 0.047, ꭓ 2 =3.96, d.f = 1; OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.048–1.15), rooming in (98.9%) & (72.7%), no water/infant formula/medicinal herb till after six months 85(86.7%) & 7(7.1%) respectively for both intervention and control groups. Conclusions The study concluded that significant others are key stakeholders in matters concerning infant nutrition and feeding choices including exclusive breastfeeding practice. It is therefore recommended that significant others are used as facilitators in programs concerning infant nutrition and maternal and child health in Sub Saharan Africa. Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Exclusive Breastfeeding practice is an important public health strategy for enhancing positive health outcome for both mother and infant by its ability of reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, it also helps in controlling cost of healthcare and infant feeding [ 1 ]. The practice of EBF has remained a challenge globally despite its numerous potential health and economic benefits. Less than 1 in 2 (48 percent) infants 0–5 months of age and about (44%) 0–6 months are exclusively breastfed globally [ 2 ]. EBF has been proven to be complete and adequate in terms of quality and quantity of infant developmental nutrients notwithstanding if mother is healthy or undernourished [ 3 ]. Breastfeeding is the only single, simplest, healthiest, most nutritious, accessible and cheapest life giving gift a mother can give to her newborn at birth and beyond. Breast milk contains all essential nutrients including carbohydrates, essential fats, proteins, minerals, water, colostrums and immunological factors required for the optimal growth of physical, social and mental development of infants [ 4 ]. The health benefits of Breastfeeding on both child and mother includes reduced infant gastrointestinal and respiratory infections which has a positive influence on the reduction of the number of hospital admissions, improved development and educational outcomes [ 5 ]. Breastfeeding also aids proper mandible, dental and speech development [ 6 ], and a reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancers, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia in adulthood and type 11 diabetics on the part of the mother [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Breastfeeding enhances mother’s wellbeing, through child spacing, boosts household and National resources, secures feeding and promotes environmental safety [ 12 ]. Reports have shown that obesity rates have 15–30 percent lower incidence in breastfed babies when compared to formula fed babies [ 13 ]. Women ought to practice EBF but it has remained a challenge globally despite its numerous potential health and economic benefits and the efforts of governmental and non-governmental agencies to encourage and support the practice. Only 23 countries globally has achieved the WHO and UNICEF recommended EBF of 60% for infants 0-6months and younger, [ 14 ] nearly 2 out of 3 infants are not exclusively breastfed for the recommended six months[ 15 ]. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding still remained low globally with EBF global prevalence rate for infants aged zero to six months at only 38 percent [ 16 ], Sub Saharan Africa with a magnitude of 35 percent and 22–33 percent, respectively [ 17 ], and Nigeria having rate of EBF at (29%) [ 18 ]. these indices are below the WHO global collective target for EBF in 2025 (50%) and at 2030 (80%). The poor rate of EBF practice can be attributed to challenges in the context and social environment in which infant feeding is situated because the social network and behavioral norms have a strong influence on infant’s feeding choices, outcomes and feeding efficacy [ 19 ]. Although breastfeeding remains the exclusive sphere of women, evidences have also demonstrated that the perception of significant others, particularly the fathers (husbands), mother in laws, and grandmothers is an essential tool to successful breastfeeding, as their perception will enhance the mother’s confidence and assist her to maintain sufficient milk supply [,20,21,22]. Significant others refer to those persons who influence one's opinion or action, and in this case, they are relatives of the nursing mothers whose opinion influenced their ability and preparedness to adopt EBF. They include mainly her mother, mother-in-law, husband and very close family members and extended family members [ 21 ]. In Sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria these group of people play significant role in a woman’s decision making abilities regarding pregnancy, child rearing and infant feeding practices like EBF despite the woman’s level of education, age and socio economic context. Strategies that have had great impact on promoting breastfeeding rate, especially in developing countries include breastfeeding education and support. Breastfeeding support programs in Africa and globally has focused more on women and ignoring key stake holders in infant feeding practices. significant others have shown significant influence to EBF practice through other studies [ 20 , 21 ] and have indicated positive perception and readiness to promote EBF [ 23 ] but no study In Imo state and Nigeria attempted to adopt significant others as promoters for EBF. This study determined the output of significant others in the promotion, practice and sustainability of Exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers in the selected LGA in Imo State using a prospective cohort quasi -experimental study design. Methodology Study Setting The area of study was Ikeduru local government Area Imo State Nigeria and it is one of the 27 LGAs that make up the state. Imo is one of the 36 States of Nigeria and is located in the south east region of Nigeria. Owerri is its capital and among the largest town in the State. It is divided into three geopolitical zones, namely Owerri, Orlu and Okigwe zones. The state occupies the area between the lower River Niger and the upper and middle Imo River. The state lies within latitudes 4°45'N and 7°15'N, and longitude 6°50'E and 7°25'E with an area of around 5,100 sq km. The economy of the state depends primarily on agriculture and commerce. Its total population as at 2016 is 5,408,756 as projected by National Bureau of Statistics, [24]. Christianity is the predominant religion. In addition to English being the official language, Imo state is a predominantly Igbo speaking state, with Igbo people constituting a majority of 98 percent. Ikeduru Local Government Area is one of the 27 LGAs in Imo state, it is a semi urban/ rural area in the Imo East senatorial district (Owerri zone) of Imo state, it is made up of 12 INEC wards/ enumeration areas and 29 ISIEC wards with its headquarter at Iho, it is also made up of 29 autonomous communities. The people of this locality are predominantly farmers. The major occupants of this local government are mainly Igbos. The population are homogenous in terms of culture, language and religion, they are predominantly Christians but with different faith beliefs. According to 2006 census, Ikeduru LGA has a population of 208,100 of which 51% (75, 025) are male and 49% (74,715) are female [25]. There are 84 health facilities in Ikeduru LGA which comprises of 53 primary health care centers (PHC) and 31 secondary healthcare centers of which among the primary health care centers 15 are public owned while 38 are private owned There’s only one public owned secondary health facility in Ikeduru LGA and 30 private health facilities[26]. Study design and eligible participants The study adopted a prospective cohort quasi experimental study design. The study design being a prospective cohort quasi experimental study involved two groups, the intervention group and the control group, and also a pre and posttest. The intervention groups (significant others) are the cohort of husbands, mothers and grandmothers that received the intervention package (capacity building program on EBF) while the control group were the cohorts of husbands, mothers and grandmothers that were recruited also but did not receive the intervention package but a placebo package. Pregnant mothers who were at their third trimester of gestation were recruited at the Primary health care centre’s during antenatal visits and their husbands, mothers and mother in-laws were also recruited at the same period of time through the pregnant mothers. The intervention group were trained over a period of two to three months and within this period, these significant others are assigned the role of stepping down to retrain and promote EBF to their prospective nursing mothers by supporting and encouraging them to make informed decisions towards EBF practice. After delivery, the nursing mothers were followed up to assess their practice of EBF which was expected to occur as a result of the outcome of the EBF training and capacity building program embarked upon by their significant others. The study target population includes significant others living in Ikeduru LGA Imo State as at the time of this study. The pregnant mothers in their third trimester gestation served as a spring board to recruit their significant others. The husbands and grandmothers (Mothers and mother in-laws) (Significant others) were the target population for intervention (EBF promotion training and capacity building) but their actions are expected to affect the Nursing mother’s decision to adopt exclusive breastfeeding practice. Inclusion criteria: The study participants included only pregnant women in their third trimester of gestation and resident in any of the randomly selected communities in Ikeduru Imo state and are either first time moms (Primigravida) or multiparous women who have not practiced exclusive breastfeeding before, their husbands, mothers and mother in-laws must be resident in Ikeduru LGA, Imo State. Only married pregnant women were included in the study. Those excluded from the study were pregnant women who were in their third trimester gestation and qualifies all the criteria for inclusion but their husbands /mothers/mother in-law were not reachable or not resident in the LGA as at the time of the study or did not give consent to participate in the study or were booked for caesarian section. Sample size calculation Cochrane Formular: \(\:{Z}^{2}\) P ( 1 – P ) $$\:{e}^{2}$$ Z = Z score which depends on the confidence level, Z score for a human population is at 95% Confidence level = 1.96 P = Estimated proportion of an attribute present in the population or the expected percentage of the population with the desired attribute, it can also be represented by standard deviation, P = 0.5 when dealing with human population E = margin of error or confidence interval, which means the margin of error one can tolerate while dealing with choosing samples and it ranges from 1–10% with human population Applying the fomular, To account for loss to follow up, 5% was added to the sample size 5% = 13.35 ꞊≈ 13, 267 + 13 = 280. Sampling process A multi stage sampling technique was adopted for this study Stage One: Selection of healthcare centers : Six out of the 15 public owned primary healthcare centers and four out of the 38 private primary healthcare centers were purposively selected due to the nature of the research and activeness of the primary healthcare centers selected in terms of patients population. The public healthcare centers selected are Iho Basic PHC, Amaimo PHC, Atta ward 1 and 11 PHCs, Uzoagba PHC, Okwu PHC, while the Private PHCs were Mids Maternity Eke Atta, Chinwe maternity, St Judes maternity Owalla Avuvu, St Anthonys maternity Amakohia. A total of ten healthcare centers were selected in all. Iho basic, Amaimo, Atta 1, Mids maternity, St judes maternity PHCs were for intervention groups while Atta 11, Uzoagba, okwu, st Anthonys and chinwe maternity were used as control groups. Stage Two Selection of Pregnant mothers Pregnant mothers who are the springboard for selection of their significant others and met the criteria for inclusion into the study were selected; the sample size for the study was 280 but a total of 258 pregnant women gave their consent to enroll into the study. Stage Three Selection of Significant Others Significant others who were the major target population for the study were recruited through their pregnant mothers, in this study, significant others comprised of husbands, mothers and mother in-laws of the pregnant mother. Among each pregnant mother, the available significant others were exposed to the highlight of the study and their consent was sought verbally either through phone calls or physical meeting. Out of 258 pregnant mothers who gave consent and were selected, only 202 significant others gave their consent and accepted to enroll in the study but 200 significant others were enrolled after random selection of two persons who were removed. This was done to ensure effective communication and a manageable population for the capacity building exercise since it was grouped in twenty persons per group. In all, the control group had, 29 mothers, 40 mother in-laws and 31 husbands while in the intervention group, 47 mothers, 31 mother in-laws and 22 husbands enrolled into the study. Instruments for Data Collection The instruments for data collection (questionnaire and checklist) were developed solely for this study and has not been used elsewhere. They were categorized into three types; category one was questionnaire for pregnant mothers which served as a pretest instrument for collection of socio-demographic and other important variables, category two; questionnaire for significant others which served as a pretest instrument for collection of baseline data and also as a posttest instrument, category three was, a checklist for nursing mothers which served as a post test instrument for pregnant mothers who are now nursing mothers. These instruments were issued to both the intervention and control groups. A training manual scientifically prepared by the researcher including instructional materials like charts, pictures, toy baby dummies were used for teaching and capacity building for the significant others. The intervention package/training manual were written in English but was translated in Igbo language as the training was going on for better understanding. The study instruments were carefully prepared by the researcher and were given to two other experts in the field of Public health, health education and promotion. These experts reviewed the instruments to ensure its appropriateness and coherence in terms of face, content and construct validity; it was also vetted in relation to clarity of language and the ability of instrument capturing the scope, objectives and hypothesis of the study. Crombach’s Alpha coefficient reliability test was used to calculate the reliability of the instrument. The r value = 0.72, the instrument was accepted as being reliable. Intervention Procedures The intervention process of the capacity building for significant others involved four stages; the development stage, the enrolment stage, the Delivery/implementation stage and the follow up stage. Stage One (Development of Manual for Training of Significant others) this stage involved a careful and scientific preparation of the training manual in line with the topics chosen for the promotion of EBF by significant others. A lesson plan was prepared for each topic and the lesson plan for each topic contained Title, sub titles, objectives, method of delivery, materials for delivery, duration of delivery for each topic, evaluation of lecture (question and answer session) and assignments/ stepping down projects. The second stage of the development process was the training of four research assistants that helped in the capacity building. Four research assistants who were knowledgeable and certified in the area of public health were trained specially in area of exclusive breastfeeding to assist in the capacity building. The intervention package/training manual were written in English but was taught in English and Igbo language (Engligbo) during the capacity building program as the training was going on for better understanding. Stage Two (Enrolment of Significant Others) : Enrollment into the study commenced after verbal informed consent was sought and acceptance to be part of the program. In all, 203 significant others consented to be part of the study, but 200 were enrolled for the study after random selection of 2 persons that were removed, 100 were enrolled for the capacity building (intervention group) while 100 were for the control group to ensure uniformity. A 1:1 allocation ratio was adopted to enroll participants to either intervention group or control group; this is to ensure that the difference between intervention and control group in potential confounders and level of other important variables are evenly distributed among groups. Stage Three (Delivery Stage/Training of Significant others) This stage involved the scientific method of delivery or building of the capacity of the significant others towards the promotion of Exclusive Breastfeeding. The capacity building program (intervention group) had one hundred (100) participants, twenty (20) participants in each of the five selected community and twenty (20) sessions in all, each of the five selected community for the intervention had four (4) sessions in all, one session each day/meeting. The capacity building program lasted for two months, two sessions in a month for each community, One week on one week off for stepping down. Each class had a maximum of twenty (20) Participants and the duration for each class was two and half (2 ½) hours to avoid loss of interest among significant others, 2 hours for lectures and 30 minutes for interactive sessions. The two hours for lecture were further divided into 20 minutes, 25 minutes, etc. depending on the number of subtopics for the day. There were follow ups also, through phone calls, chats, posts on the group whatsaap platform for those who had android phones and are on whatsapp. The capacity building program had four major topics and subtopics which were discussed in four different physical meetings. Stage Four this stage involves post intervention continuous follow up and feedbacks from the significant others in the intervention group to assess their efforts towards ensuring that the training was well disseminated to their expectant mothers, findings on questions and challenges encountered in the course of passing on the training information’s to the expectant mothers. This was achieved through phone calls and whatsapp chats to reiterate the importance of ensuring that the training objectives were well disseminated to their prospective nursing mothers before delivery. The follow up continued from delivery to six months after delivery. Illustration of the research activities on Fig. 1 below. Method of Data Collection The research instruments were questionnaire and checklist. (supplementary file one and two) The questionnaire was divided into two parts; the first was targeted towards the pregnant mothers while the second was for the significant others. The checklist was targeted towards the Nursing mothers The questionnaires and checklist were written in English but the questions were also transcribed to Igbo Language for those who are not literate. Each questionnaire took about 5–10 minutes to be completed. Pregnant Mothers Questionnaire (Prenatal) The study questionnaire for pregnant mothers (prenatal) was distributed immediately after recruitment and enrolment into the study to ascertain their socio demographic and other relevant data. The information collected served as pretest/baseline information for the pregnant mothers. For the literate participants data were obtained by the researcher and the research assistants using a self-administered structured questionnaire after obtaining informed consent from the respondents although the researcher guided the responses of the participants, and was present for any clarification required by the participants. For the non-literate participants, the content of the questionnaire was translated and explained to them verbally and they were allowed to give their responses and it was recorded. Check list (Post Natal) The checklist was used as a post -test instrument for the pregnant women who are now nursing mothers. Data’s were collected immediately after delivery in batches pending on dates of delivery, significant others of pregnant mothers were told to call the researcher immediately after delivery of their pregnant mothers. Upon receiving the call, the midwife or nurse that took the delivery was put on call to record time of delivery, time of initiation and time of skin to skin contact and these were recorded by the researcher. Data’s given by the midwife were also later cross checked with the hospital records by the researcher. This was made possible because all the head nurses (officer in charge OIC) of the ten PHC centers were given highlights about the study. The data’s collected cuts across both the intervention and control group and continued till six months of exclusive breastfeeding to assess their practice of acts that promotes and enhances EBF like rooming in, feeding on demand, feeding only breast milk to baby without addition of water etc. Significant others: Questionnaire (Pre and Post Test) The questionnaire for significant others were distributed in two batches, pre and post intervention. The pretest questionnaires were distributed and collected immediately after consent approval and enrolment into the study for both the intervention and control groups. The post intervention data were collected only from significant others in the intervention study group after the capacity building exercise. The literate significant others were asked to fill their responses themselves upon supervision while the non- literate ones were translated theirs in igbo language and their responses were recorded by the researcher. Method of Data Analysis Data from both the intervention and control groups were initially edited, arranged, collated and keyed into statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) software version 26 for easy presentation. Presentation Results from both groups were presented into descriptive statistics which includes tables and bar charts and the mean score, standard deviation for both groups were determined. Independent and dependent variables Based on subject-matter, scope and the availability of data, the independent variables selected for the pregnant mothers included mother’s age at last birthday, marital status, occupation, income per month, education level, parity, religion, persons living with you in the house, postpartum care, and family type. Dependent variable was the practice of Skin to skin contact, Initiation of breastfeeding, feeding baby colostrums, breastfeeding on demand, rooming in, feeding baby at night, gave baby water, gave baby infant formula, fed baby with spoon, gave baby medicinal herbs, type of feeding the baby received from birth to six months. This variable included two categories: exclusive breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding. Main variables definition Breastfeeding practices during hospital stay were reported by mothers. Exclusive breastfeeding was determined when an infant received only breast milk, no other liquids or solids are given not- even water, with the exception of oral rehydration solution, or drops/syrups of vitamins, minerals or medicines from 0-6months according to the WHO definition [ 11 ]. In this study, initiation of first breastfeeding was defined as the initiation of the first breastfeeding within one hour of birth, SSC practice was defined as placing the baby SSC with mother right after birth for at least 60–90 minutes or more, a recent WHO study found that at least 90 min of uninterrupted SSC maximize the chance of early and exclusive breastfeeding [ 27 ].giving of colostrum was defined as breastfeeding baby the first breast milk between 1st to 3rd day of birth, breastfeeding on demand as giving the baby breast milk or nursing the baby whenever they show signs of hunger rather than on a fixed schedule. Analysis For descriptive analysis, categorical variables were presented with frequency and percentage, while continuous variables were presented with mean and standard deviation (SD) if the distribution was not normal. Chi square (ꭓ 2 ) and binary logistic regression with complete case analysis was used to check for the difference in each independent variable among the intervention and control groups, and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was expressed. A p value of < 0.05 was considered as statistical significance. RESULTS Table 1 : Socioeconomic characteristics of nursing mothers and the practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF ) A total of 200 pregnant women were studied which comprised of 100 each for the study group and for the intervention group. The average age ± standard deviation is 25.8 ± 4.2 (control group: 26. ± 4.2; intervention group: 25.6 ± 4.2).The youngest persons in both groups were 16 years old while the oldest among them were 39 years old at both groups. the table shows that characteristics between the two groups did not differ significantly except on the relatives that offer help. The 20 − 24 contained the largest proportion of the participants at 34.5% (control = 31%, Intervention = 38%) while about one quarter (25.5%) were between 30–34 years % (control = 31%, Intervention = 38%). All the participants were married (100%), and majority 76.5% (control = 76%, intervention = 77%) had secondary education level while 21% in each group had tertiary education level. Many of them (40%) were involved in trading or business (41% in control and 39% in the intervention), followed by artisans at 21.5% (control = 21%, intervention = 22%). As large as 72.5% (control = 72%, intervention = 73%) earn a monthly income of less than thirty thousand naira (#), while only 4.5% (control = 4%, intervention = 5%) earn up to # 50,000 monthly. Table 1 ; Socio-economic characteristics of nursing mothers and the practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) in Imo state Nigeria Socio demographic characteristics Control Intervention Total ꭓ 2 P value Freq % Freq % Freq % Age (years): Mean ± SD 26.1 ± 4.2 25.6 ± 4.2 25.8 ± 4.2 Age Group 15–19 3 3.0 3 3.0 6 3.0 20–24 31 31.0 38 38.0 69 34.5 25–29 23 23.0 20 20.0 43 21.5 30–34 27 27.0 24 24.0 51 25.5 35–39 16 16.0 15 15.0 31 15.5 Total 100 100 100 100 200 100 1.128 0.890 Marital Status Married 100 100 100 100 200 100 Total 100 100 100 100 200 100 Education Level Primary education 3 3.0 2 2.0 5 2.5 Secondary education 76 76.0 77 77.0 153 76.5 Tertiary education 21 21.0 21 21.0 42 21.0 Total 100 100 100 100 200 100 0.207 0.902 Occupation Farming 7 7.0 4 4.0 11 5.5 Public servant 13 13.0 16 16.0 29 14.5 Company industry worker 3 3.0 4 4.0 7 3.5 Trading/Business 41 41.0 39 39.0 80 40.0 Artisan 21 21.0 22 22.0 43 21.5 Others 15 15.0 15 15.0 30 15.0 Total 100 100 100 100 200 100 1.345 0.930 Monthly Income in Naira(#) Below 30,000 72 72.0 73 73.0 145 72.5 30,000–49,000 24 24.0 22 22.0 46 23.0 50,000–69,000 4 4.0 5 5.0 9 4.5 Total 100 100 100 100 200 100 0.205 0.905 Religion Christianity 98 98.0 99 99.0 197 98.5 African traditional religion 2 2.0 1 1.0 3 1.5 Total 100 100 100 100 200 100 0.338 0.561 Family Type Monogamous 98 98.0 98 98.0 196 98.0 Polygamous 1 1.0 1 1.0 2 1.0 Not stated 1 1.0 1 1.0 2 1.0 Total 100 100 100 100 200 100 0.000 1.000 Table 1 continued Socio demographic characteristics Control Intervention Total ꭓ 2 P value Freq % Freq % Freq % Relativeleaving with Husband 55 55.0 40 40.0 95 47.5 Mother inlaw 17 17.0 19 19.0 36 18.0 Husband and mother inlaw 10 10.0 1 1.0 11 5.5 Mother 8 8.0 17 17.0 25 12.5 Mother and sister 1 1.0 23 23.0 24 12.0 Husband, mother inlaw and sister inlaw 9 9.0 0 0.0 9 4.5 Total 100 100 100 100 200 100 42.25 0.000 Postpartum care person Who will take care of the baby and the mother after delivery Husband 19 19.0 16 16.0 35 17.5 Mother inlaw 37 37.0 48 48.0 85 42.5 Mother 40 40.0 36 36.0 76 38.0 Sister inlaw 4 4.0 0 0.0 4 2.0 Total 100 100 100 100 200 100 5.891 0.117 Number of child birth before the pregnancy None 71 71.0 68 68.0 139 69.5 1–2 17 17.0 19 19.0 36 18.0 3–4 11 11.0 13 13.0 24 12.0 5–7 1 1.0 0 0.0 1 0.5 Total 100 100 100 100 200 100 1.343 0.719 Duration of Pregnancy 7–9 100 100 100 100 200 100 Total 100 100 100 100 200 100 EDD (Month/ Year) January 2024 53 53.5 54 54.0 107 53.8 February 2024 16 16.2 16 16.0 32 16.1 March 2024 30 30.3 30 30.0 60 30.2 Total 99 100 100 100 199 100 1.085 0.298 Intend to breast the baby exclusively Yes 76 76.8 0 0.0 76 38.6 No 14 14.1 80 81.6 94 47.7 Not sure 9 9.1 18 18.4 27 13.7 Total 99 100 98 100 197 100 3.836 0.147 Table 2 : Timely initiation of EBF by initiating breastfeeding (BF) within one hour of birth Table 2 , represents the distribution for timely initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of delivery among the study groups. It shows that a total of 121 (61.4%) in both group initiated breastfeeding within the first one hour of delivery. For the control group, only 37.4% initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth while 58.6% and 4% initiated breastfeeding respectively between 1–3 hours of birth and 4–6 hours. However, the result seems to differ in the intervention group with clear majority (85.7%) who initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth while only 13.3% and 1% respectively initiated breastfeeding after 1-3hours and after 4–6 hours. However, the difference in timely initiation of breastfeeding between the two study groups was found significant (P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =48.57, d.f. =2). It therefore implies that the intervention showed significant effects on timely initiation to breastfeeding among mothers of new born babies. The odds for non -timely initiation of EBF by after 1–3 hours of birth was found to be 90.2% (ie 1-0.098)% significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group, and also 89% lower in the intervention group on non -timely initiation of EBF by 4–6 hours after birth. Table 2 Distribution for Timely initiation of EBF by initiating breastfeeding (BF) at control and intervention groups Fed the baby breastmilk within the first one hour after birth Control Intervention Total ꭓ 2 d.f P Value OR 95% CI Freq % Freq % Freq % Lower Upper (Yes) if breastfeeding was initiated within one hour of birth 37 37.4 84 85.7 121 61.4 After 1–3 hours of birth 58 58.6 13 13.3 71 36.0 0.000 0.098 0.44 0.21 4–6 hours after birth 4 4.0 1 1.0 5 2.5 0.021 0.110 0.002 1.18 Total 99 100 98 100 197 100 48.57 2 0.000 Figure 2 : Practice of Skin to Skin among control and Intervention group Figure 2 also showed that overwhelming proportion (92.9%) in the intervention group placed the baby on mother’s chest on bare body after birth for at least 60–90 minutes or more (skin-to-skin) to regulate the baby’s temperature and probably elicit breastfeeding, against 46.5% found among the control group. Table 3 : Feeding of the First Breastmilk after delivery (Colostrum) to the Baby In Table 3 below, the distribution for colostrum in the control and intervention group indicates that the practice of colostrum was high in both groups 93.4% (183 study participants) but was higher among the intervention group (89.9% in control, 96.9% in intervention). The difference in both groups was found to be slightly significant at 5% level (P = 0.047, ꭓ 2 =3.96, d.f = 1), which is an indication that the intervention has some effects on the study group. It therefore implies that the intervention showed significant effects on timely initiation to breastfeeding among mothers of new born babies. The odds for non-feed of baby with the breast milk that comes out of the mother’s breast after delivery (colostrum) was 72% lower among the intervention group compared to the control group (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.048–1.15). Table 3 Distribution for Feeding of the First Breastmilk after delivery (Colostrum) to the Baby at control and intervention groups Fed the baby the first breastmilk that comes out of the mother's breast after delivery Control Intervention Total ꭓ 2 d.f P value 95%CI Freq % Freq % Freq % Lower Upper Yes 89 89.9 95 96.9 184 93.4 No 10 10.1 3 3.1 13 6.6 0.281 0.048 1.15 Total 99 100 98 100 197 100 3,960 1 0.047 Table 4 : Rooming in from Delivery to Six Months In Table 4 , a total of 167 (84.8%) study participants engaged in rooming in from delivery to six months. This was higher among the intervention group (98.9%) compared to the control group (72.7%). Statistical test indicates that the difference found between the two groups was significant (P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =22.36). Therefore, significant effects of the study intervention was found on rooming in this study. The odds for non-rooming among the mothers was found to be was 92% lower among the intervention group compared to the control group (OR = 0.084, 95% CI = 0.016–0.203). Table 4 Distribution for Rooming in from Delivery to Six Months at control and intervention groups Engage in rooming in from delivery to six months Control Intervention Total ꭓ 2 d.f P value OR 95%CI Freq % Freq % Freq % Lower Upper Yes 72 72.7 95 96.9 167 84.8 No 27 27.3 3 3.1 30 15.2 0.084 0.016 0.293 Total 99 100 98 100 197 100 22.36 1 < 0.000 Table 5 : Distribution for Exclusive Breastfeeding of infants on Demand for the first six month of delivery (including day and Night) Table 5 shows that clear majority of the study group (161: 81.7%) responded that they practiced breastfeeding of the infants on demand for breast milk. This comprised of 67 (67.7%) in the control group and 96 (95.9%) in the intervention group. Thus the practice was higher among the intervention group by 28.2%. this difference was found to be highly significant (P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =26.30), indicating that the study intervention has an effect on frequency of breastfeeding of the infants exclusively and as may be demanded by the infants The table also shows that though many in the control group were giving their babies breast milk at night, yet greater proportion of the intervention group did so (96.6%) compared to the control group (85.9%). The difference between the two groups in that respect was found significant (P = 0.006, ꭓ 2 =7.668), indicating that the intervention facilitated greater breastfeeding of infants at night. The odds for non practice of breastfeeding on demand for six months among the mothers was found to be was 91% lower among the intervention group compared to the control group (OR = 0.089, 95% CI = 0.022–0.271), while the odds for non practice of breastfeeding at nigbt among the mothers was found to be was 81% lower among the intervention group compared to the control group (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.034–0.725), Table 5 Distribution for Exclusive Breastfeeding of infants on Demand for the first six month of delivery (including day and Night) EBF feeding practices Control Intervention Total ꭓ 2 d.f P value OR 95% CI % Freq % Freq % Lower Upper Baby fed breastmilk on demand for six months Yes 67 67.7 94 95.9 161 81.7 No 32 32.3 4 4.1 36 18.3 0.089 0.022 0.271 Total 99 100 98 100 197 100 26.30 1 0.000 Gave baby breast milk at night Yes 85 85.9 95 96.9 180 91.4 No 14 14.1 3 3.1 17 8.6 0.192 0.034 0.725 Total 99 100 98 100 197 100 7.668 1 0.006 Table 6 : Non administration of Water or use infant formulas or any other additives for the first six months of birth In Table 6 , significant differences were found between the control group and the intervention group on feeding of baby with breast milk and water (P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =137.49), feeding of baby with infant formula (P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =132.45), giving baby any medicinal herb (P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =133.49), using feeding bottle to feed the baby (P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =128.83) and feeding the baby with spoon or plate (P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =120.28), Among the control group, only 7 (7.1%) responded that the fed baby with no water till after six month, against 85 (86.7%) recorded in the intervention group. similarly only 8 (8.1%) in the control group did not apply baby formula against 85 (86.7%) in the intervention group, and the same proportion abstained from giving any medical herbs to the baby till after six months. There were just 8 (8.1)% mothers who responded that their baby was not fed with feeding bottle till after six months period in the control group compared to 81 (82.7%) found in the intervention group. Those who never fed the baby with spoon or plate till after six months were 12 (12.1)% among the control group but 81 (82.7%) among the intervention group. Therefore, there were clear intervention effects to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding activities in the study group through non administration of water or use of infant formulas or any other additives during the first six months of birth. The odds of feeding baby with breast milk and water against no water till six months was found to be 19 times more in the control group compared to the intervention group (OR = 19.0, 95% CI = 4.11–94.09),Also compared to the intervention group, the odds in the control group, were found to 18 times more to feed baby with infant formula (OR = 18.59, 95% CI = 3.69–101.45), 16 times more on giving baby medical herbs (OR = 15.97, 95% CI = 2.92–85.89), 12 times more on feeding baby with feeding bottle (OR = 12.15 95% CI = 2.38–60.97) and 8 times come (OR = 8.1, 95% CI = 1.7–38.26), Table 6 Distribution for Non administration of water or use infant formulas or any other additives for the first six months of birth among the study groups Fed baby with breast milk and water Control Intervention Total ꭓ 2 d.f P value 95% CI Freq % Freq % Freq % OR Lower Upper Yes 8 8.1 5 5.1 13 6.6 No water from 0–1 month 8 8.1 0 0.0 8 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.94 No water from 0–2 months 34 34.3 0 0.0 34 17.3 0.0 0.0 0.207 No water from 0–3 months 19 19.2 0 0.0 19 9.6 0.0 0.0 0.378 No water from 0–4 months 7 7.1 0 0.0 7 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.109 No water from 0–5 months 16 16.2 8 8.2 24 12.2 0.8 0.16 4.22 No water till after six months 7 7.1 85 86.7 92 46.7 19 4.11 94.09 Total 99 100 98 100 197 100 137.49 6 0.000 Feed baby with infant formula Yes 7 7.1 4 4.1 11 5.6 None from 0–1 month 8 8.1 0 0.0 8 4.1 0.0 0.0 1.05 None from 0–2 months 34 34.3 0 0.0 34 17.3 0.0 0.0 0.230 None from 0–3 months 18 18.2 1 1.0 19 9.6 0.097 0.002 1.309 None from 0–4 months 8 8.1 0 0.0 8 4.1 0.0 0.0 1.05 None from 0–5 months 16 16.2 8 8.2 24 12.2 0.88 0.16 5.36 None till after six months 8 8.1 85 86.7 93 47.2 18.59 3.61 101.45 Total 99 100 98 100 197 100 132.45 6 0.000 Table 6 CONTINUED Fed baby with breast milk and water Control Intervention Total p 95% CI Freq % Freq % Freq % ꭓ 2 d.f value OR Lower Upper Give baby any medicinal herb Yes 6 6.1 4 4.1 10 5.1 None from 0–1 month 10 10.1 0 0.0 10 5.1 0 0 0.722 None from 0–2 months 34 34.3 0 0.0 34 17.3 0 0 0.201 None from 0–3 months 18 18.2 1 1.0 19 9.6 0.083 0.002 1.160 None from 0–4 months 8 8.1 0 0.0 8 4.1 0 0 0.918 None from 0–5 months 15 15.2 8 8.2 23 11.7 0.8 0.138 5.09 None till after six months 8 8.1 85 86.7 93 47.2 15.97 2.92 85.89 Total 99 100 98 100 197 100 133.49 6 0.000 Feed baby with feeding bottle Yes 6 6.1 5 5.1 11 5.6 None from 0–1 month 8 8.1 0 0.0 8 4.1 0 0 0.729 None from 0–2 months 34 34.3 0 0.0 34 17.3 0 0 0.164 None from 0–3 months 16 16.2 0 0.0 16 8.1 0 0 0.350 None from 0–4 months 10 10.1 0 0.0 10 5.1 0 0 0.575 None from 0–5 months 17 17.2 12 12.2 29 14.7 0.85 0.169 4.420 None till after six months 8 8.1 81 82.7 89 45.2 12.15 2.38 60.97 Total 99 100% 98 100 197 100 128.83 6 0.000 Feed the baby with spoon or plate Yes 6 6.1 5 5.1 11 5.6 None from 0–1 month 8 8.1 0 0.0 8 4.1 0 0 0.729 None from 0–2 months 34 34.3 0 0.0 34 17.3 0 0 0.161 None from 0–3 months 17 17.2 0 0.0 17 8.6 0 0 0.329 None from 0–4 months 10 10.1 0 0.0 10 5.1 0 0 0.575 None from 0–5 months 12 12.1 12 12.2 24 12.2 1.2 0.23 6.46 None till after six months 12 12.1 81 82.7 93 47.2 8.1 1.7 38.26 Total 99 100 98 100 197 100 120.28 6 0.000 Figure 3 : Proportion of nursing mothers supported by significant other (Intervention group) and those in the control group who successfully completed and practiced EBF without any addition (not even water) for the specified six months duration In Fig. 3 , it can be observed that only 7 (7.1%) of the mothers successfully completed exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the control group compared to the intervention group where 85 (86,7%) completed exclusive breastfeeding successfully without any addition (not even water) for the specified six months duration. For the control group (not supported by significant other) clear majority (92.3%) had breastfeeding practices for breastmilk feeding interrupted combined with other substances such as water. Only 3% of the mother supported by significant other could not successfully complete six months baby breast feeding with breast milk only (P = 0.000). The difference between the two group was found to be highly significant in relation to the practice of EBF. The odds of not likely to complete EBF was 99.7% in found among the intervention group compared to the control group [OR = 0.003 (95% CI: 0.0005, 0.0119)]. Discussions The result for this study also shows that the mean age for both the intervention and control for pregnant mothers were not much different at (The average age ± standard deviation is 25.8 ± 4.2 (control group: 26. ± 4.2; intervention group: 25.6 ± 4.2). Therefore not much difference was observed among the socioeconomic characteristics of pregnant mothers in both the control and intervention group as observed in Table 1 above. The table shows that characteristics between the two groups did not differ significantly except on the relatives that offer help during delivery. The age 20 − 24 contained the largest proportion of the participants at 34.5% (control = 31%, Intervention = 38%) while about one quarter (25.5%) were between 30–34 years (control = 31%, Intervention = 38%). All the participants were married (100%), Many of them (40%) were involved in trading or business (41% in control and 39% in the intervention), followed by artisans at 21.5% (control = 21%, intervention = 22%). As large as 72.5% (control = 72%, intervention = 73%) earn a monthly income of less than thirty thousand naira (#), while only 4.5% (control = 4%, intervention = 5%) earn up to # 50,000 monthly. Several studies has recorded significant association between socioeconomic characteristics of mothers (level of education [ 28], occupation [ 29 , 30 ], Income level [ 29]) and the practice of EBF. The result from this study show that there were no statistically significant association between educational level, occupation and income level when compared between the control and intervention group at p-value [0.902, 0.930, 0.905] respectively. But considering the independent variables especially among the intervention group where all the variables studied had a significant association, it can be argued that educational level (76.5% (control = 76%, intervention = 77% secondary education level; 21% in each group - tertiary education level) in combination with capacity building had a significant association in the practice of EBF thereby aligning with previous study [ 28].Again, income level at (below #30,000) and occupation had strong association in the intervention group but didn’t in the control group, indicating that income level and occupation has no impact if there are no interventions and follow ups. The participants were predominantly Christians (overall = 98.5%, control = 98%, intervention = 99%), who were dominated by monogamous family type (98%).While 57.5% (control = 55%, intervention group = 40%) live with their husbands, 18% (control = 17%, intervention = 19) live with their mother in-law while 12.5% (control = 8%, intervention = 17%) live with their mother. In terms of postpartum care person, 42.5% (control = 37%, Intervention = 48%) responded that their expected care person is their mother-in-law, 38% (control = 40%, Intervention = 36%) responded for their mother while 17.5% responses were for their husbands (control = 19%, Intervention = 16%). Majority 69.5% are expectant of their first baby (nulliparity) (control = 71%, Intervention = 68%), in this study, socio-demographic characteristics like age, parity and religion of pregnant mothers had no significant association with exclusive breastfeeding practice. This may be due to the fact that the study being a quasi- experimental cohort was not randomized and the variables were almost the same within the two groups. Table 2 above shows that Result from this study had a significant difference towards timely initiation of breastfeeding among the two groups where a total of 121 (61.4%) in both group initiated breastfeeding within the first one hour of delivery. For the control group, only 37.4% initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth while 58.6% and 4% initiated breastfeeding respectively between 1–3 hours of birth and 4–6 hours while the intervention group with clear majority (85.7%) initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth while only 13.3% and 1% respectively initiated breastfeeding after 1-3hours and after 4–6 hours. However the control arm of this study agrees with the study conducted by [ 31 ] which had only (37%) of mothers initiating breastfeeding within the first hour of birth. This study is also quite higher than the study by [ 32 ] which had nursing mothers who initiated breastfeeding within 1–6 hours at (19.7%), 6 to 11 h in (4.8%), 11 to 16 h in (4.8%) and after 16 h in (28.5%) of the deliveries. The difference observed in these studies could be attributed to the fact that this study adopted a quasi- experimental study approach and the capacity building for significant others had a good outcome on the nursing mothers who were in the intervention group while the other studies were cross sectional studies. Again, the result for practice of skin to skin showed a significant difference among the intervention and control group at (92.9%) and (46.5%) respectively as shown in Fig. 1above. This study closely aligns with a study conducted by [ 33 ] which had a skin to skin contact with their infants after birth at (88.7%). This study is also similar to a study by [ 34 ] which had (77%) of the participants practicing skin to skin contact. The slight difference noticed among these studies might be due to the nature of the design of this study although the later was an educational intervention research but the designs differ. This study has shown that early skin to skin contact is a predictor to initiation of breastfeeding and hence the practice of EBF. Table 4 shows that the practice of feeding baby colostrums was found to be high in both the control and intervention groups at 93.4% (183 study participants) but was higher among the intervention group (89.9% in control, 96.9% in intervention). The difference in both groups was found to be slightly significant at 5% level (P = 0.047, ꭓ 2 =3.96, d.f = 1), which is an indication that the intervention has some effects on the study group. It therefore implies that the intervention showed significant effects on timely initiation to breastfeeding among mothers of new born babies. This study is not consistent with the study by [ 35 ] which revealed that overall proportion of mothers who fed colostrum to their neonate within an hour to five days was low at (64%.), but this study is also slightly consistent with the study done by [ 36 ] with colostrum fed to 305 newborns (87.14%) (83.63–90.65 at 95% Confidence Interval). The slight difference observed might be due to the fact that this study was an intervention study which had direct and intensive capacity building on significant others while the other studies were cross sectional. This study found a positive significance among the two groups in terms of rooming in as shown in Table 4 with a total of 167 (84.8%) study participants engaged in rooming in from delivery to six months. This was higher among the intervention group (98.9%) compared to the control group (72.7%). Statistical test indicates that the difference found between the two groups was significant (P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =22.36). Therefore, a significant effect of the study intervention was found on rooming in this study. However, this study also conforms to the study [ 31 ] which had infant rooming-in with mother at (AOR: 31.67, 95%CI: 5.59–179.43, p < 0.001) were significantly and independently associated with Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIBF). Rooming in with baby has consistently been associated with initiation and continuous breastfeeding hence the practice of EBF. On breastfeeding on demand, this study also found a significant association in both groups (Table 5 ) It shows that clear majority of the study group (161: 81.7%) responded that they practiced breastfeeding on demand but with a slight higher difference among the intervention group (98.9%) compared to the control group (72.7%). On breastfeeding at night by the mothers, this study also shows that though many in the control group were giving their babies breast milk at night, yet greater proportion of the intervention group did so (96.6%) compared to the control group (85.9%). The odds for non- practice of breastfeeding on demand for six months among the mothers was found to be was 91% lower among the intervention group compared to the control group (OR = 0.089, 95% CI = 0.022–0.271), while the odds for non-practice of breastfeeding at night among the mothers was found to be 81% lower among the intervention group compared to the control group (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.034–0.725), The difference between the two groups in that respect was found significant (P = 0.006, ꭓ 2 =7.668), indicating that the intervention facilitated greater breastfeeding of infants at night. This study is slightly higher than the study of [ 37 ] where breastfeeding on demand was 58.2%. This study found significant differences between the control group and the intervention group on feeding of baby with breast milk and water (P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =137.49) as shown in table .6, feeding of baby with infant formula (P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =132.45), giving baby any medicinal herb(P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =133.49), using feeding bottle to feed the baby (P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =128.83) and feeding the baby with spoon or plate (P = 0.000, ꭓ 2 =120.28), Among the control group, only 7 (7.1%) responded that the fed baby with no water till after six months, against 85 (86.7%) recorded in the intervention group. similarly only 8 (8.1%) in the control group did not apply baby formula against 85 (86.7%) in the intervention group, and the same proportion abstained from giving any medical herbs to the baby till after six months. There were just 8 (8.1)% mothers who responded that their baby was not fed with feeding bottle till after six months period in the control group compared to 81 (82.7%) found in the intervention group. Those who never fed the baby with spoon or plate till after six months were 12 (12.1%) among the control group but 81 (82.7%) among the intervention group. Therefore, there were clear intervention effects to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding activities in the study group through non administration of water or use of infant formulas or any other additives during the first six months of birth. In all the variables for EBF, this study did agree with the report of the study by [ 38 ] Out of 140 women, 139 (99.3%) breastfed her last child, 83 (59.3%) started breastfeeding within 1 hr after delivery, 77 (55%) breastfed on demand of baby, 91 (65%) had not given anything before initiating breastfeeding, 25 (17.9%) had given plain water before breast milk after delivery, 107 (76.4%) had given breast milk only starting from birth to six months of age. However, the study didn’t agree with that of [ 39 ] which had only (10%) of the respondents breastfeeding exclusively for the first six months of infants' life. The other respondents introduced one supplements or the other at different ages before the infant was six months. This study also disagree with the study by [ 40 ] which had 13% of children below six months being exclusively breastfed while (87%) of Nigerian infants below six months receive complementary liquid or foods. (91.5%) of the respondents practice exclusive breastfeeding while (8.5%) did not. The clear difference noticed in this could be attributed to the type of study utilized and the impact of the capacity building on the target population (significant others). Conclusion Prospective cohort study of significant others and the promotion of Exclusive breastfeeding in Ikeduru LGA, Imo State was determined with 200 significant others and 200 pregnant/nursing mothers with 100 participants in each arm of the study (control and intervention). 400 pre (questionnaire) and 200 post intervention questionnaire and 200 checklist capturing important information's of both the significant others and pregnant mothers and variables that promote exclusive breastfeeding were used to assess the outcome of study among nursing mothers in ten PHC facilities in Ikeduru LGA, Imo State The result of the study showed statistically significant association in almost all the variables studied among the two study groups ranging from timely initiation of breast feeding, skin to skin contact, rooming in, breast feeding on demand and at night to giving of colostrums and giving of only breast milk without addition of any fluid including water. Therefore the results from this study on prospective cohort study of significant others and the promotion of EBF in Ikeduru LGA, Imo State have shown positive outcome that Significant others may be good promoters of EBF especially in Nigeria. Contribution to Knowledge To my knowledge, No study in Nigeria has adopted a quasi- experimental approach to assess the output of significant others in the promotion of Exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers by taking into account of most important variables that promotes practice of EBF. However the recommendations from this study are very strong and will serve as a reference for similar studies. Again, the strong associations that emanated from this study is an indication that this approach would help in improving the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers since all other approach adopted by government and non government organizations have tried but haven't achieved the desired target for EBF practice for over two decades now as reported by WHO this may be because significant others are part of the family and are resident with the nursing mothers and therefore has the power to influence their decision even after a facilitator or counselor must have educated the nursing mother and left, but in this case, the significant others played the role of counselors and facilitators and thus wouldn’t influence the nursing mothers negatively since they are the initiators. Limitations of the Study The study was constrained by finance since it was self -sponsored. Again, challenges of poor road networks and time constraints, the significant others were always in a hurry to leave to attend to their business since there were no monetary gains attached to the program.but these were circumvented with good human, capital and time management skills. Recommendations It is recommended that this study should be replicated in a similar setting with larger target populations and sufficient funding so that generalization would be enhanced. It is recommended that the capacity building should be extended to the PHC nurses especially in areas of skin to skin contact and timely initiation of breastfeeding and it should be made a priority during antenatal visits by healthcare workers. It is recommended that significant others are included as facilitators in matters of maternal and child health and infant feeding programs because the play very sensitive and significant roles in influencing the choices mothers make in these areas hence these special groups are involved in the mothers day to day life. The study recommends that comprehensive breastfeeding education programs and counseling targeting significant others and pregnant mothers need to be scaled up at the health institutional levels and community levels. It is recommended that health policy makers, government and non -government agencies should include in their plans, ways or strategies to help support the significant others by providing little incentives in form of money or otherwise in order to compliment and support their efforts in attaining optimal nutrition and breastfeeding for their nursing mothers. Further Research There’s need for further research especially in the area of sustainability of EBF, because there’s always intention and early initiation of breastfeeding which is a good indicator to exclusively breastfeed but sustainability beyond initiation is the problem as shown in this research work by the control group, hence there’s need to find modalities to close up the gap. Abbreviations EBF Exclusive Breastfeeding SSC Skin to Skin Contact BF Breastfeeding LGA local Government Area Declarations Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with ethical standards of the institutional and/ or national research committee and with the1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standard s. This research followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Before beginning the research, a letter of introduction and ethical clearance were obtained from the Department of Public Health, School of Health Ethical Clearance Committee board of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. FUTO (Registration No: 00010/FUTO/PUHEC/P00170) and Ikeduru Local Government Area council health department. The purpose of the research was explained to each respondent, and verbal informed consent was obtained from all the study participants (both from the pregnant mothers and significant others) before inclusion into the study. Also, the anonymity of the respondents was assured, the confidentiality of the information’s provided was also protected and assured that the information’s provided were solely for research purpose and nothing else. Consent for Publication Not Applicable Data Availaibility All needed data or materials generated or analyzed during this study are included in this manuscript Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the research work reported in this paper. Funding: This research was self sponsored, there was no funding from the school or any other agency. Authors Contributions M.U.U wrote and prepared the main manuscript; S.N.O.I, E.T.O, U.W.D, U.M.C and C.C.I reviewed the research; G.I performed the analysis and prepared the tables and figures, V.N.A and O.G.A validated the instrument s Acknowledgements The research team would like to thank the Head Nurses/ midwifes and their staffs in all the ten PHC centers used , the head of the mother-child department, the visiting doctors of the PHC centers, the Head of department, Health, Ikeduru LGA and her staffs, and all the participants for their cooperation during the data collection process and capacity building. References Al-Binali, AM. Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and practice among school teachers in Abha female educational district, southwestern Saudi Arabia. International Breastfeed Journal; 2012, 7:10. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. 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NBS-ILO-FMLE 2022 National Child and Forced Labour Survey. 2022 https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng Federal Ministry of Health. List of coded health facilities in Imo State. 2012 http://library.procurementmonitor.org Mekebo, G.G., Argawu, A.S., Likassa, H.T. et al. Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding practice among under-six months infants in Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth (2022). 22, 630. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04955-x Likhite, N., Adossi, D., Oot, L., Dain, A. S. L, Tharaney, M., Nanama, S. (2022).Factors Influencing the Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding in West and Central Africa, Current Developments in Nutrition , (2022).6, 850. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac065.034 Tadesse, F., Alemayehu, Y., Shine, S., Asresahegn, H.,Tadesse, T. Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal employment among mothers of infants from three to five months old in the Fafan zone, Somali regional state of Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health , (2019) 1015 (19). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7345-5 UNICEF, (2020). World Health Organization/Nutrition Breastfeeding Index-24824. Faraj Khalid, Bouchefra Said, El GouddanySafouane, Elbaraka Yassine & our Abdellati. Early Breastfeeding Initiation: Exploring rates and determinants among postpartum women in East Morocco. Scientific African. (2023) ( 21) e01883. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01883 Boakye-Yiadom Adwoa Pokua, Nguah BlaySamuel, Ameyaw Emmanuel, Enimil Anthony, Wobil Priscillia Naa Lomle and Plange-Rhule Gyikua (2021). BMC pregnancy and childbirth 21: 468. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03943-x Giang Hoang Thi Nam, Duy1v Do Thi Thuy , Nguyen Lam Vuong , Nguyen Thi Tu Ngoc, Thu Thi Pham , Le Quang Tuan1 et al.,. Prevalence of early skin-to- skin contact and its impact on exclusive breastfeeding during the maternity hospitalization. BMC Pediatrics. (2022 ) 22:395. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-02203455-3 Sanchez-Espino LF, Zuniga-Villanueva G, Ramirez-GarciaLuna JL. An educational intervention to implement skin-to-skin contact and early breastfeeding in a rural hospital in Mexico. Int Breastfeed J. 2019; 14 (1):8. doi: 10.1186/s13006-019-0202-4. Kebede N, Alemu G & Cherie N Clostrum Feeding Practice and its associated factors among postnatal mothers who attend at health facility, Ethiopia. Journal of Neonatal Nursing. (2023). 29 (6) 875-880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2023.03.006 Acharya Sharda, Thapa Bibechan, Dhakal Ajaya Kumar, & Singh Suarav Kumar (2023). Colostrum feeding among newborns visiting the outpatient Department of pediatrics of a tertiary care centre. A descriptive cross sectional study. Journal of Nepal medical Association. 61(259):204-207 . doi: 10.31729/jnma.8062 Sultana, M., Dhar, S., Hasan, T., Shill, L. C., Purba, N. H., Chowdhury, A, I., Shuvo, S. D.. Knowledge, attitudes, and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding practice among lactating mothers in Noakhali, Bangladesh. Heliyon (2022) 10 (8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11069 Gurung, R., Silwal, M., Gurung, A., Sah, I., Koirala, D., Paudel, S., Upadhayaya, S..Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers in Pokhara-Lekhnath. Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepa: .2018 1(11), 40-45 Nwosu, N (2021). Knowledge, Attitudes And Practice Of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Women In Mbaitoli Local Government Area, Imo State. Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Jan 30, 2023. Samuel OA, Oluwaseun OO. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Nursing Mother in Saki West Local Government. Journal of Community & Public Health Nursing (2020) 6: 257. https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000257 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6239139","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":455862300,"identity":"639547c0-a9f2-4a53-b357-7ab141a4c483","order_by":0,"name":"Mary Ulumma Udeh","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAuUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFCCBDYQKQciDjwgRYsxWEsCKVoSG8BsYjQYHE8+9rgwxy59ftjhh0Bb7OR0GwhpOfMs3XjmtuTcjbfTDIBako3NDhDSciPHTJp3G3PuxtkJIC0HErcR1pL/DailPt1wdvoHYrXksAG1HE6Ql84h0hbJM89ADjtuuEE6p+BAggERfuE7nvwMqKVaXn52+uYPHyrs5AhqQbgQrNKAWOUgIN9AiupRMApGwSgYUQAA89VGAKvmVYoAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo State","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mary","middleName":"Ulumma","lastName":"Udeh","suffix":""},{"id":455862302,"identity":"7807d36d-878d-415a-8406-89edf67176ff","order_by":1,"name":"Sally Nkechinyere Onyeka Ibe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo State","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sally","middleName":"Nkechinyere Onyeka","lastName":"Ibe","suffix":""},{"id":455862304,"identity":"2d3bb07d-f970-407e-904a-9521d8099670","order_by":2,"name":"Evangeline Tochi Oparaocha","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo State","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Evangeline","middleName":"Tochi","lastName":"Oparaocha","suffix":""},{"id":455862305,"identity":"5c60878a-4d10-45a1-8172-afe139ba298f","order_by":3,"name":"Chimezie Christian Iwuala","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo State","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chimezie","middleName":"Christian","lastName":"Iwuala","suffix":""},{"id":455862306,"identity":"7358dec7-b784-49f9-9005-924315fb1100","order_by":4,"name":"Uchechukwu Madukaku Chukwuocha","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo 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State","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Victoria","middleName":"Ngozi","lastName":"Akam","suffix":""},{"id":455862312,"identity":"d74a773d-d520-405b-99b8-ca0318d3dab2","order_by":8,"name":"Oluchi Goodness Asinobi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Imo State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Oluchi","middleName":"Goodness","lastName":"Asinobi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-16 18:53:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6239139/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6239139/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24505-2","type":"published","date":"2025-09-30T15:57:38+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":82797856,"identity":"964b698e-a64d-47ab-b2d1-8927e147681f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-15 10:47:04","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":157336,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6239139/v1/ea485a0783b7942624302de0.jpg"},{"id":82799231,"identity":"67a9db90-1dde-4dcb-98a9-18b30d7b3f9d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-15 10:55:04","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":46107,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBar Chart for distribution of mothers that placed the baby on bare body after birth (skin-to-skin) at control and intervention groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6239139/v1/e650fa36577ab159eae6c1f3.jpg"},{"id":82797855,"identity":"3d884bc7-a2e5-4a21-9e94-78cd1a8f3ca4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-15 10:47:04","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":45972,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eBar chart of Proportion of nursing mothers who successfully completed and practiced EBF among mothers supported by significant others (Intervention group) and those without such support (control group) (P= 0.000, OR= 0.003 (95% CI: 0.0005, 0.0119).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6239139/v1/01eaaa00951c5305ae7b44a3.jpg"},{"id":92883772,"identity":"d8dfbd61-d3ff-4953-8a70-30774e692a2a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 16:09:16","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3192020,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6239139/v1/19fdd910-6cc1-4277-a1a0-aecd3338f13f.pdf"},{"id":82797884,"identity":"4100b083-738b-444d-9ec9-fe9db8fb2893","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-15 10:47:08","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":119403,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SUPPLEMENTARYMATERIALONE.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6239139/v1/574d7babf4c58194c677eaf6.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eOutput of Significant Others in the Promotion and Sustainability of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Nursing Mothers In Ikeduru LGA, Imo State Nigeria:: A Quasi - Experimental Study \u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExclusive Breastfeeding practice is an important public health strategy for enhancing positive health outcome for both mother and infant by its ability of reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, it also helps in controlling cost of healthcare and infant feeding [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. The practice of EBF has remained a challenge globally despite its numerous potential health and economic benefits. Less than 1 in 2 (48 percent) infants 0\u0026ndash;5 months of age and about (44%) 0\u0026ndash;6 months are exclusively breastfed globally [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. EBF has been proven to be complete and adequate in terms of quality and quantity of infant developmental nutrients notwithstanding if mother is healthy or undernourished [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Breastfeeding is the only single, simplest, healthiest, most nutritious, accessible and cheapest life giving gift a mother can give to her newborn at birth and beyond. Breast milk contains all essential nutrients including carbohydrates, essential fats, proteins, minerals, water, colostrums and immunological factors required for the optimal growth of physical, social and mental development of infants [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. The health benefits of Breastfeeding on both child and mother includes reduced infant gastrointestinal and respiratory infections which has a positive influence on the reduction of the number of hospital admissions, improved development and educational outcomes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Breastfeeding also aids proper mandible, dental and speech development [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e], and a reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancers, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia in adulthood and type 11 diabetics on the part of the mother [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Breastfeeding enhances mother\u0026rsquo;s wellbeing, through child spacing, boosts household and National resources, secures feeding and promotes environmental safety [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. Reports have shown that obesity rates have 15\u0026ndash;30 percent lower incidence in breastfed babies when compared to formula fed babies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWomen ought to practice EBF but it has remained a challenge globally despite its numerous potential health and economic benefits and the efforts of governmental and non-governmental agencies to encourage and support the practice. Only 23 countries globally has achieved the WHO and UNICEF recommended EBF of 60% for infants 0-6months and younger, [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e] nearly 2 out of 3 infants are not exclusively breastfed for the recommended six months[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding still remained low globally with EBF global prevalence rate for infants aged zero to six months at only 38 percent [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e], Sub Saharan Africa with a magnitude of 35 percent and 22\u0026ndash;33 percent, respectively [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e], and Nigeria having rate of EBF at (29%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. these indices are below the WHO global collective target for EBF in 2025 (50%) and at 2030 (80%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe poor rate of EBF practice can be attributed to challenges in the context and social environment in which infant feeding is situated because the social network and behavioral norms have a strong influence on infant\u0026rsquo;s feeding choices, outcomes and feeding efficacy [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Although breastfeeding remains the exclusive sphere of women, evidences have also demonstrated that the perception of significant others, particularly the fathers (husbands), mother in laws, and grandmothers is an essential tool to successful breastfeeding, as their perception will enhance the mother\u0026rsquo;s confidence and assist her to maintain sufficient milk supply [,20,21,22]. Significant others refer to those persons who influence one's opinion or action, and in this case, they are relatives of the nursing mothers whose opinion influenced their ability and preparedness to adopt EBF. They include mainly her mother, mother-in-law, husband and very close family members and extended family members [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. In Sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria these group of people play significant role in a woman\u0026rsquo;s decision making abilities regarding pregnancy, child rearing and infant feeding practices like EBF despite the woman\u0026rsquo;s level of education, age and socio economic context.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrategies that have had great impact on promoting breastfeeding rate, especially in developing countries include breastfeeding education and support. Breastfeeding support programs in Africa and globally has focused more on women and ignoring key stake holders in infant feeding practices. significant others have shown significant influence to EBF practice through other studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e] and have indicated positive perception and readiness to promote EBF [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e] but no study In Imo state and Nigeria attempted to adopt significant others as promoters for EBF. This study determined the output of significant others in the promotion, practice and sustainability of Exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers in the selected LGA in Imo State using a prospective cohort quasi -experimental study design.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methodology","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Setting\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe area of study was Ikeduru local government Area Imo State Nigeria and it is one of the 27 LGAs that make up the state. Imo is one of the 36 States of Nigeria and is located in the south east region of Nigeria. Owerri is its capital and among the largest town in the State. It is divided into three geopolitical zones, namely Owerri, Orlu and Okigwe zones. The state occupies the area between the lower River Niger and the upper and middle Imo River. The state lies within latitudes 4\u0026deg;45\u0026apos;N and 7\u0026deg;15\u0026apos;N, and longitude 6\u0026deg;50\u0026apos;E and 7\u0026deg;25\u0026apos;E with an area of around 5,100 sq km. The economy of the state depends primarily on agriculture and commerce. Its total population as at 2016 is 5,408,756 as projected by National Bureau of Statistics, [24]. Christianity is the predominant religion. In addition to English being the official language, Imo state is a predominantly Igbo speaking state, with Igbo people constituting a majority of 98 percent. Ikeduru Local Government Area is one of the 27 LGAs in Imo state, it is a semi urban/ rural area in the Imo East senatorial district (Owerri zone) of \u0026nbsp;Imo state, it is made up of 12 INEC wards/ enumeration areas and 29 ISIEC wards with its headquarter at Iho, it is also made up of 29 autonomous communities. \u0026nbsp;The people of this locality are predominantly farmers. The major occupants of this local government are mainly Igbos. The population are homogenous in terms of culture, language and religion, they are predominantly Christians but with different faith beliefs. According to 2006 census, Ikeduru LGA has a population of 208,100 of which 51% (75, 025) are male and 49% (74,715) are female [25]. There are 84 health facilities in Ikeduru LGA which comprises of 53 primary health care centers (PHC) and 31 secondary healthcare centers of which among the primary health care centers 15 are public owned while 38 are private owned There\u0026rsquo;s only one public owned secondary health facility in Ikeduru LGA and 30 private health facilities[26].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy design and eligible participants\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study adopted a prospective cohort quasi experimental study design. The study design being a prospective cohort quasi experimental study involved two groups, the intervention group and the control group, and also a pre and posttest. The intervention groups (significant others) are the cohort of husbands, mothers and grandmothers that received the intervention package (capacity building program on EBF) while the control group were the cohorts of husbands, mothers and grandmothers that were recruited also but did not receive the intervention package but a placebo package.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePregnant mothers who were at their third trimester of gestation were recruited at the Primary health care centre\u0026rsquo;s during antenatal visits and their husbands, mothers and mother in-laws were also recruited at the same period of time through the pregnant mothers. The intervention group were trained over a period of two to three months and within this period, these significant others are assigned the role of stepping down to retrain and promote EBF to their prospective nursing mothers by supporting and encouraging them to make informed decisions towards EBF practice.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter delivery, the nursing mothers were followed up to assess their practice of EBF which was expected to occur as a result of the outcome of the EBF training and capacity building program embarked upon by their significant others.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study target population includes significant others living in Ikeduru LGA Imo State as at the time of this study. The pregnant mothers in their third trimester gestation served as a spring board to recruit their significant others. The husbands and grandmothers (Mothers and mother in-laws) (Significant others) were the target population for intervention (EBF promotion training and capacity building) but their actions are expected to affect the Nursing mother\u0026rsquo;s decision to adopt exclusive breastfeeding practice.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInclusion criteria: The study participants included only pregnant women in their third trimester of gestation and resident in any of the randomly selected communities in Ikeduru Imo state and are either first time moms (Primigravida) or multiparous women who have not practiced exclusive breastfeeding before, their husbands, mothers and mother in-laws must be resident in Ikeduru LGA, Imo State. Only married pregnant women were included in the study. Those excluded from the study were pregnant women who were in their third trimester gestation and qualifies all the criteria for inclusion but their husbands /mothers/mother in-law were not reachable or not resident in the LGA as at the time of the study or did not give consent to participate in the study or were booked for caesarian section.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSample size calculation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCochrane Formular: \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{Z}^{2}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e P \u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e( 1 \u0026ndash; P )\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Equa\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equa\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:{e}^{2}$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Z score which depends on the confidence level, Z score for a human population is at 95% Confidence level\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Estimated proportion of an attribute present in the population or the expected percentage of the population with the desired attribute, it can also be represented by standard deviation,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.5 when dealing with human population\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;margin of error or confidence interval, which means the margin of error one can tolerate while dealing with choosing samples and it ranges from 1\u0026ndash;10% with human population\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplying the fomular,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"373\" height=\"41\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo account for loss to follow up, 5% was added to the sample size\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5% = 13.35 ꞊\u0026asymp; 13, 267\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;13\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;280.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eSampling process\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eA multi stage sampling technique was adopted for this study\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eStage One: Selection of healthcare centers\u003c/b\u003e: Six out of the 15 public owned primary healthcare centers and four out of the 38 private primary healthcare centers were purposively selected due to the nature of the research and activeness of the primary healthcare centers selected in terms of patients population. The public healthcare centers selected are Iho Basic PHC, Amaimo PHC, Atta ward 1 and 11 PHCs, Uzoagba PHC, Okwu PHC, while the Private PHCs were Mids Maternity Eke Atta, Chinwe maternity, St Judes maternity Owalla Avuvu, St Anthonys maternity Amakohia. A total of ten healthcare centers were selected in all. Iho basic, Amaimo, Atta 1, Mids maternity, St judes maternity PHCs were for intervention groups while Atta 11, Uzoagba, okwu, st Anthonys and chinwe maternity were used as control groups.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStage Two\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection of Pregnant mothers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePregnant mothers who are the springboard for selection of their significant others and met the criteria for inclusion into the study were selected; the sample size for the study was 280 but a total of 258 pregnant women gave their consent to enroll into the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStage Three\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection of Significant Others\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignificant others who were the major target population for the study were recruited through their pregnant mothers, in this study, significant others comprised of husbands, mothers and mother in-laws of the pregnant mother. Among each pregnant mother, the available significant others were exposed to the highlight of the study and their consent was sought verbally either through phone calls or physical meeting. Out of 258 pregnant mothers who gave consent and were selected, only 202 significant others gave their consent and accepted to enroll in the study but 200 significant others were enrolled after random selection of two persons who were removed. This was done to ensure effective communication and a manageable population for the capacity building exercise since it was grouped in twenty persons per group. In all, the control group had, 29 mothers, 40 mother in-laws and 31 husbands while in the intervention group, 47 mothers, 31 mother in-laws and 22 husbands enrolled into the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eInstruments for Data Collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe instruments for data collection (questionnaire and checklist) were developed solely for this study and has not been used elsewhere. They were categorized into three types; category one was questionnaire for pregnant mothers which served as a pretest instrument for collection of socio-demographic and other important variables, category two; questionnaire for significant others which served as a pretest instrument for collection of baseline data and also as a posttest instrument, category three was, a checklist for nursing mothers which served as a post test instrument for pregnant mothers who are now nursing mothers. These instruments were issued to both the intervention and control groups.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA training manual scientifically prepared by the researcher including instructional materials like charts, pictures, toy baby dummies were used for teaching and capacity building for the significant others. The intervention package/training manual were written in English but was translated in Igbo language as the training was going on for better understanding.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study instruments were carefully prepared by the researcher and were given to two other experts in the field of Public health, health education and promotion. These experts reviewed the instruments to ensure its appropriateness and coherence in terms of face, content and construct validity; it was also vetted in relation to clarity of language and the ability of instrument capturing the scope, objectives and hypothesis of the study. Crombach\u0026rsquo;s Alpha coefficient reliability test was used to calculate the reliability of the instrument. The r value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.72, the instrument was accepted as being reliable.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIntervention Procedures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe intervention process of the capacity building for significant others involved four stages; the development stage, the enrolment stage, the Delivery/implementation stage and the follow up stage.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStage One (Development of Manual for Training of Significant others)\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003ethis stage involved a careful and scientific preparation of the training manual in line with the topics chosen for the promotion of EBF by significant others. A lesson plan was prepared for each topic and the lesson plan for each topic contained Title, sub titles, objectives, method of delivery, materials for delivery, duration of delivery for each topic, evaluation of lecture (question and answer session) and assignments/ stepping down projects. The second stage of the development process was the training of four research assistants that helped in the capacity building. Four research assistants who were knowledgeable and certified in the area of public health were trained specially in area of exclusive breastfeeding to assist in the capacity building. The intervention package/training manual were written in English but was taught in English and Igbo language (Engligbo) during the capacity building program as the training was going on for better understanding.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eStage Two (Enrolment of Significant Others)\u003c/b\u003e: Enrollment into the study commenced after verbal informed consent was sought and acceptance to be part of the program. In all, 203 significant others consented to be part of the study, but 200 were enrolled for the study after random selection of 2 persons that were removed, 100 were enrolled for the capacity building (intervention group) while 100 were for the control group to ensure uniformity. A 1:1 allocation ratio was adopted to enroll participants to either intervention group or control group; this is to ensure that the difference between intervention and control group in potential confounders and level of other important variables are evenly distributed among groups.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStage Three (Delivery Stage/Training of Significant others)\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis stage involved the scientific method of delivery or building of the capacity of the significant others towards the promotion of Exclusive Breastfeeding. The capacity building program (intervention group) had one hundred (100) participants, twenty (20) participants in each of the five selected community and twenty (20) sessions in all, each of the five selected community for the intervention had four (4) sessions in all, one session each day/meeting. The capacity building program lasted for two months, two sessions in a month for each community, One week on one week off for stepping down. Each class had a maximum of twenty (20) Participants and the duration for each class was two and half (2 \u0026frac12;) hours to avoid loss of interest among significant others, 2 hours for lectures and 30 minutes for interactive sessions. The two hours for lecture were further divided into 20 minutes, 25 minutes, etc. depending on the number of subtopics for the day. There were follow ups also, through phone calls, chats, posts on the group whatsaap platform for those who had android phones and are on whatsapp. The capacity building program had four major topics and subtopics which were discussed in four different physical meetings.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStage Four\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003ethis stage involves post intervention continuous follow up and feedbacks from the significant others in the intervention group to assess their efforts towards ensuring that the training was well disseminated to their expectant mothers, findings on questions and challenges encountered in the course of passing on the training information\u0026rsquo;s to the expectant mothers. This was achieved through phone calls and whatsapp chats to reiterate the importance of ensuring that the training objectives were well disseminated to their prospective nursing mothers before delivery. The follow up continued from delivery to six months after delivery.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIllustration of the research activities on Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e below.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMethod of Data Collection\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research instruments were questionnaire and checklist. (supplementary file one and two)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire was divided into two parts; the first was targeted towards the pregnant mothers while the second was for the significant others. The checklist was targeted towards the Nursing mothers\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe questionnaires and checklist were written in English but the questions were also transcribed to Igbo Language for those who are not literate. Each questionnaire took about 5\u0026ndash;10 minutes to be completed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePregnant Mothers\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eQuestionnaire (Prenatal)\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study questionnaire for pregnant mothers (prenatal) was distributed immediately after recruitment and enrolment into the study to ascertain their socio demographic and other relevant data. The information collected served as pretest/baseline information for the pregnant mothers. For the literate participants data were obtained by the researcher and the research assistants using a self-administered structured questionnaire after obtaining informed consent from the respondents although the researcher guided the responses of the participants, and was present for any clarification required by the participants. For the non-literate participants, the content of the questionnaire was translated and explained to them verbally and they were allowed to give their responses and it was recorded.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eCheck list (Post Natal)\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe checklist was used as a post -test instrument for the pregnant women who are now nursing mothers. Data\u0026rsquo;s were collected immediately after delivery in batches pending on dates of delivery, significant others of pregnant mothers were told to call the researcher immediately after delivery of their pregnant mothers. Upon receiving the call, the midwife or nurse that took the delivery was put on call to record time of delivery, time of initiation and time of skin to skin contact and these were recorded by the researcher. Data\u0026rsquo;s given by the midwife were also later cross checked with the hospital records by the researcher. This was made possible because all the head nurses (officer in charge OIC) of the ten PHC centers were given highlights about the study. The data\u0026rsquo;s collected cuts across both the intervention and control group and continued till six months of exclusive breastfeeding to assess their practice of acts that promotes and enhances EBF like rooming in, feeding on demand, feeding only breast milk to baby without addition of water etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSignificant others: Questionnaire (Pre and Post Test)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire for significant others were distributed in two batches, pre and post intervention. The pretest questionnaires were distributed and collected immediately after consent approval and enrolment into the study for both the intervention and control groups. The post intervention data were collected only from significant others in the intervention study group after the capacity building exercise. The literate significant others were asked to fill their responses themselves upon supervision while the non- literate ones were translated theirs in igbo language and their responses were recorded by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMethod of Data Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eData from both the intervention and control groups were initially edited, arranged, collated and keyed into statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) software version 26 for easy presentation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePresentation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults from both groups were presented into descriptive statistics which includes tables and bar charts and the mean score, standard deviation for both groups were determined.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eIndependent and dependent variables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on subject-matter, scope and the availability of data, the independent variables selected for the pregnant mothers included mother\u0026rsquo;s age at last birthday, marital status, occupation, income per month, education level, parity, religion, persons living with you in the house, postpartum care, and family type. Dependent variable was the practice of Skin to skin contact, Initiation of breastfeeding, feeding baby colostrums, breastfeeding on demand, rooming in, feeding baby at night, gave baby water, gave baby infant formula, fed baby with spoon, gave baby medicinal herbs, type of feeding the baby received from birth to six months. This variable included two categories: exclusive breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMain variables definition\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreastfeeding practices during hospital stay were reported by mothers. Exclusive breastfeeding was determined when an infant received only breast milk, no other liquids or solids are given not- even water, with the exception of oral rehydration solution, or drops/syrups of vitamins, minerals or medicines from 0-6months according to the WHO definition [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. In this study, initiation of first breastfeeding was defined as the initiation of the first breastfeeding within one hour of birth, SSC practice was defined as placing the baby SSC with mother right after birth for at least 60\u0026ndash;90 minutes or more, a recent WHO study found that at least 90 min of uninterrupted SSC maximize the chance of early and exclusive breastfeeding [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e].giving of colostrum was defined as breastfeeding baby the first breast milk between 1st to 3rd day of birth, breastfeeding on demand as giving the baby breast milk or nursing the baby whenever they show signs of hunger rather than on a fixed schedule.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAnalysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor descriptive analysis, categorical variables were presented with frequency and percentage, while continuous variables were presented with mean and standard deviation (SD) if the distribution was not normal. Chi square (ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) and binary logistic regression with complete case analysis was used to check for the difference in each independent variable among the intervention and control groups, and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was expressed. A p value of \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered as statistical significance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cb\u003eSocioeconomic characteristics of nursing mothers and the practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF\u003c/b\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 200 pregnant women were studied which comprised of 100 each for the study group and for the intervention group. The average age\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation is 25.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.2 (control group: 26. \u0026plusmn; 4.2; intervention group: 25.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.2).The youngest persons in both groups were 16 years old while the oldest among them were 39 years old at both groups. the table shows that characteristics between the two groups did not differ significantly except on the relatives that offer help. The 20 \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;24 contained the largest proportion of the participants at 34.5% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;31%, Intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38%) while about one quarter (25.5%) were between 30\u0026ndash;34 years % (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;31%, Intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38%). All the participants were married (100%), and majority 76.5% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;76%, intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;77%) had secondary education level while 21% in each group had tertiary education level. Many of them (40%) were involved in trading or business (41% in control and 39% in the intervention), followed by artisans at 21.5% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;21%, intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;22%). As large as 72.5% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;72%, intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;73%) earn a monthly income of less than thirty thousand naira (#), while only 4.5% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4%, intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5%) earn up to # 50,000 monthly.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e; Socio-economic characteristics of nursing mothers and the practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) in Imo state Nigeria\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocio demographic characteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge (years): Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.8 \u0026plusmn; 4.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge Group\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u0026ndash;19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u0026ndash;39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.128\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.890\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital Status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducation Level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTertiary education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.207\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.902\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFarming\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic servant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompany industry worker\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrading/Business\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArtisan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.345\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.930\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMonthly Income in Naira(#)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelow 30,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30,000\u0026ndash;49,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50,000\u0026ndash;69,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.205\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.905\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChristianity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfrican traditional religion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.338\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.561\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFamily Type\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonogamous\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolygamous\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot stated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003econtinued\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocio demographic characteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelativeleaving with\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHusband\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMother inlaw\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHusband and mother inlaw\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMother\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMother and sister\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHusband, mother inlaw and sister inlaw\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePostpartum care person\u003c/b\u003eWho will take care of the baby and the mother after delivery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHusband\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMother inlaw\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMother\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSister inlaw\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.891\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.117\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNumber of child birth before the pregnancy\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026ndash;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.343\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.719\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDuration of Pregnancy\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u0026ndash;9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEDD (Month/ Year)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJanuary 2024\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 2024\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarch 2024\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.085\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.298\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntend to breast the baby exclusively\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot sure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.836\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.147\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cb\u003eTimely initiation of EBF by initiating breastfeeding (BF) within one hour of birth\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, represents the distribution for timely initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of delivery among the study groups. It shows that a total of 121 (61.4%) in both group initiated breastfeeding within the first one hour of delivery. For the control group, only 37.4% initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth while 58.6% and 4% initiated breastfeeding respectively between 1\u0026ndash;3 hours of birth and 4\u0026ndash;6 hours. However, the result seems to differ in the intervention group with clear majority (85.7%) who initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth while only 13.3% and 1% respectively initiated breastfeeding after 1-3hours and after 4\u0026ndash;6 hours.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, the difference in timely initiation of breastfeeding between the two study groups was found significant (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, \u003cb\u003eꭓ\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e=48.57, d.f. =2). It therefore implies that the intervention showed significant effects on timely initiation to breastfeeding among mothers of new born babies. The odds for non -timely initiation of EBF by after 1\u0026ndash;3 hours of birth was found to be 90.2% (ie 1-0.098)% significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group, and also 89% lower in the intervention group on non -timely initiation of EBF by 4\u0026ndash;6 hours after birth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution for Timely initiation of EBF by initiating breastfeeding (BF) at control and intervention groups\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFed the baby breastmilk within the first one hour after birth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed.f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95% CI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Yes) if breastfeeding was initiated within one hour of birth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter 1\u0026ndash;3 hours of birth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.098\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026ndash;6 hours after birth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cb\u003ePractice of Skin to Skin among control and Intervention group\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e also showed that overwhelming proportion (92.9%) in the intervention group placed the baby on mother\u0026rsquo;s chest on bare body after birth for at least 60\u0026ndash;90 minutes or more (skin-to-skin) to regulate the baby\u0026rsquo;s temperature and probably elicit breastfeeding, against 46.5% found among the control group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cb\u003eFeeding of the First Breastmilk after delivery (Colostrum) to the Baby\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e below, the distribution for colostrum in the control and intervention group indicates that the practice of colostrum was high in both groups 93.4% (183 study participants) but was higher among the intervention group (89.9% in control, 96.9% in intervention). The difference in both groups was found to be slightly significant at 5% level (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.047, \u003cb\u003eꭓ\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e=3.96, d.f\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1), which is an indication that the intervention has some effects on the study group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt therefore implies that the intervention showed significant effects on timely initiation to breastfeeding among mothers of new born babies. The odds for non-feed of baby with the breast milk that comes out of the mother\u0026rsquo;s breast after delivery (colostrum) was 72% lower among the intervention group compared to the control group (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.28, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.048\u0026ndash;1.15).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution for Feeding of the First Breastmilk after delivery (Colostrum) to the Baby at control and intervention groups\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFed the baby the first breastmilk that comes out of the mother's breast after delivery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed.f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95%CI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.281\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.048\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,960\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cb\u003eRooming in from Delivery to Six Months\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, a total of 167 (84.8%) study participants engaged in rooming in from delivery to six months. This was higher among the intervention group (98.9%) compared to the control group (72.7%). Statistical test indicates that the difference found between the two groups was significant (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=22.36). Therefore, significant effects of the study intervention was found on rooming in this study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe odds for non-rooming among the mothers was found to be was 92% lower among the intervention group compared to the control group (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.084, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.016\u0026ndash;0.203).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution for Rooming in from Delivery to Six Months at control and intervention groups\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEngage in rooming in from delivery to six months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed.f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95%CI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e167\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.084\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.293\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cb\u003eDistribution for Exclusive Breastfeeding of infants on Demand for the first six month of delivery (including day and Night)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e shows that clear majority of the study group (161: 81.7%) responded that they practiced breastfeeding of the infants on demand for breast milk. This comprised of 67 (67.7%) in the control group and 96 (95.9%) in the intervention group. Thus the practice was higher among the intervention group by 28.2%. this difference was found to be highly significant (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=26.30), indicating that the study intervention has an effect on frequency of breastfeeding of the infants exclusively and as may be demanded by the infants\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe table also shows that though many in the control group were giving their babies breast milk at night, yet greater proportion of the intervention group did so (96.6%) compared to the control group (85.9%). The difference between the two groups in that respect was found significant (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=7.668), indicating that the intervention facilitated greater breastfeeding of infants at night.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe odds for non practice of breastfeeding on demand for six months among the mothers was found to be was 91% lower among the intervention group compared to the control group (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.089, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.022\u0026ndash;0.271), while the odds for non practice of breastfeeding at nigbt among the mothers was found to be was 81% lower among the intervention group compared to the control group (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.19, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.034\u0026ndash;0.725),\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution for Exclusive Breastfeeding of infants on Demand for the first six month of delivery (including day and Night)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEBF feeding practices\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed.f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95% CI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBaby fed breastmilk on demand for six months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e161\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.089\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.271\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGave baby breast milk at night\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.192\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.034\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.725\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.668\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cb\u003eNon administration of Water or use infant formulas or any other additives for the first six months of birth\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, significant differences were found between the control group and the intervention group on feeding of baby with breast milk and water (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=137.49), feeding of baby with infant formula (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=132.45), giving baby any medicinal herb (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=133.49), using feeding bottle to feed the baby (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=128.83) and feeding the baby with spoon or plate (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=120.28),\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong the control group, only 7 (7.1%) responded that the fed baby with no water till after six month, against 85 (86.7%) recorded in the intervention group. similarly only 8 (8.1%) in the control group did not apply baby formula against 85 (86.7%) in the intervention group, and the same proportion abstained from giving any medical herbs to the baby till after six months. There were just 8 (8.1)% mothers who responded that their baby was not fed with feeding bottle till after six months period in the control group compared to 81 (82.7%) found in the intervention group. Those who never fed the baby with spoon or plate till after six months were 12 (12.1)% among the control group but 81 (82.7%) among the intervention group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, there were clear intervention effects to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding activities in the study group through non administration of water or use of infant formulas or any other additives during the first six months of birth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe odds of feeding baby with breast milk and water against no water till six months was found to be 19 times more in the control group compared to the intervention group (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;19.0, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.11\u0026ndash;94.09),Also compared to the intervention group, the odds in the control group, were found to 18 times more to feed baby with infant formula (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;18.59, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.69\u0026ndash;101.45), 16 times more on giving baby medical herbs (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15.97, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.92\u0026ndash;85.89), 12 times more on feeding baby with feeding bottle (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12.15 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.38\u0026ndash;60.97) and 8 times come (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.1, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.7\u0026ndash;38.26),\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution for Non administration of water or use infant formulas or any other additives for the first six months of birth among the study groups\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFed baby with breast milk and water\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed.f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo water from 0\u0026ndash;1 month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo water from 0\u0026ndash;2 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.207\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo water from 0\u0026ndash;3 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.378\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo water from 0\u0026ndash;4 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo water from 0\u0026ndash;5 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo water till after six months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e137.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFeed baby with infant formula\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;1 month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;2 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.230\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;3 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.097\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.309\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;4 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;5 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone till after six months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONTINUED\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFed baby with breast milk and water\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed.f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGive baby any medicinal herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;1 month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.722\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;2 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.201\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;3 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.083\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.160\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;4 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.918\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;5 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.138\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone till after six months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFeed baby with feeding bottle\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;1 month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.729\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;2 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.164\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;3 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.350\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;4 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.575\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;5 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.169\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.420\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone till after six months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e128.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFeed the baby with spoon or plate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;1 month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.729\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;2 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.161\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;3 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.329\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;4 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.575\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone from 0\u0026ndash;5 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone till after six months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cb\u003eProportion of nursing mothers supported by significant other (Intervention group) and those in the control group who successfully completed and practiced EBF without any addition (not even water) for the specified six months duration\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, it can be observed that only 7 (7.1%) of the mothers successfully completed exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the control group compared to the intervention group where 85 (86,7%) completed exclusive breastfeeding successfully without any addition (not even water) for the specified six months duration. For the control group (not supported by significant other) clear majority (92.3%) had breastfeeding practices for breastmilk feeding interrupted combined with other substances such as water. Only 3% of the mother supported by significant other could not successfully complete six months baby breast feeding with breast milk only (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe difference between the two group was found to be highly significant in relation to the practice of EBF. The odds of not likely to complete EBF was 99.7% in found among the intervention group compared to the control group [OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003 (95% CI: 0.0005, 0.0119)].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe result for this study also shows that the mean age for both the intervention and control for pregnant mothers were not much different at (The average age\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation is 25.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.2 (control group: 26. \u0026plusmn; 4.2; intervention group: 25.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.2). Therefore not much difference was observed among the socioeconomic characteristics of pregnant mothers in both the control and intervention group as observed in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e above. The table shows that characteristics between the two groups did not differ significantly except on the relatives that offer help during delivery. The age 20 \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;24 contained the largest proportion of the participants at 34.5% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;31%, Intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38%) while about one quarter (25.5%) were between 30\u0026ndash;34 years (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;31%, Intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38%). All the participants were married (100%), Many of them (40%) were involved in trading or business (41% in control and 39% in the intervention), followed by artisans at 21.5% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;21%, intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;22%). As large as 72.5% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;72%, intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;73%) earn a monthly income of less than thirty thousand naira (#), while only 4.5% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4%, intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5%) earn up to # 50,000 monthly. Several studies has recorded significant association between socioeconomic characteristics of mothers (level of education [ 28], occupation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e], Income level [ 29]) and the practice of EBF. The result from this study show that there were no statistically significant association between educational level, occupation and income level when compared between the control and intervention group at p-value [0.902, 0.930, 0.905] respectively. But considering the independent variables especially among the intervention group where all the variables studied had a significant association, it can be argued that educational level (76.5% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;76%, intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;77% secondary education level; 21% in each group - tertiary education level) in combination with capacity building had a significant association in the practice of EBF thereby aligning with previous study [ 28].Again, income level at (below #30,000) and occupation had strong association in the intervention group but didn\u0026rsquo;t in the control group, indicating that income level and occupation has no impact if there are no interventions and follow ups.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe participants were predominantly Christians (overall\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;98.5%, control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;98%, intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;99%), who were dominated by monogamous family type (98%).While 57.5% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;55%, intervention group\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40%) live with their husbands, 18% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;17%, intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;19) live with their mother in-law while 12.5% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8%, intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;17%) live with their mother.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn terms of postpartum care person, 42.5% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37%, Intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;48%) responded that their expected care person is their mother-in-law, 38% (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40%, Intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36%) responded for their mother while 17.5% responses were for their husbands (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;19%, Intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;16%). Majority 69.5% are expectant of their first baby (nulliparity) (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;71%, Intervention\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;68%), in this study, socio-demographic characteristics like age, parity and religion of pregnant mothers had no significant association with exclusive breastfeeding practice. This may be due to the fact that the study being a quasi- experimental cohort was not randomized and the variables were almost the same within the two groups.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e above shows that Result from this study had a significant difference towards timely initiation of breastfeeding among the two groups where a total of 121 (61.4%) in both group initiated breastfeeding within the first one hour of delivery. For the control group, only 37.4% initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth while 58.6% and 4% initiated breastfeeding respectively between 1\u0026ndash;3 hours of birth and 4\u0026ndash;6 hours while the intervention group with clear majority (85.7%) initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth while only 13.3% and 1% respectively initiated breastfeeding after 1-3hours and after 4\u0026ndash;6 hours. However the control arm of this study agrees with the study conducted by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e] which had only (37%) of mothers initiating breastfeeding within the first hour of birth. This study is also quite higher than the study by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e] which had nursing mothers who initiated breastfeeding within 1\u0026ndash;6 hours at (19.7%), 6 to 11 h in (4.8%), 11 to 16 h in (4.8%) and after 16 h in (28.5%) of the deliveries. The difference observed in these studies could be attributed to the fact that this study adopted a quasi- experimental study approach and the capacity building for significant others had a good outcome on the nursing mothers who were in the intervention group while the other studies were cross sectional studies. Again, the result for practice of skin to skin showed a significant difference among the intervention and control group at (92.9%) and (46.5%) respectively as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;1above. This study closely\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ealigns with a study conducted by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e] which had a skin to skin contact with their infants after birth at (88.7%). This study is also similar to a study by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e] which had (77%) of the participants practicing skin to skin contact. The slight difference noticed among these studies might be due to the nature of the design of this study although the later was an educational intervention research but the designs differ. This study has shown that early skin to skin contact is a predictor to initiation of breastfeeding and hence the practice of EBF.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e shows that the practice of feeding baby colostrums was found to be high in both the control and intervention groups at 93.4% (183 study participants) but was higher among the intervention group (89.9% in control, 96.9% in intervention). The difference in both groups was found to be slightly significant at 5% level (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.047, \u003cb\u003eꭓ\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e=3.96, d.f\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1), which is an indication that the intervention has some effects on the study group. It therefore implies that the intervention showed significant effects on timely initiation to breastfeeding among mothers of new born babies. This study is not consistent with the study by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e] which revealed that overall proportion of mothers who fed colostrum to their neonate within an hour to five days was low at (64%.), but this study is also slightly consistent with the study done by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e] with colostrum fed to 305 newborns (87.14%) (83.63\u0026ndash;90.65 at 95% Confidence Interval). The slight difference observed might be due to the fact that this study was an intervention study which had direct and intensive capacity building on significant others while the other studies were cross sectional.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study found a positive significance among the two groups in terms of rooming in as shown in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e with a total of 167 (84.8%) study participants engaged in rooming in from delivery to six months. This was higher among the intervention group (98.9%) compared to the control group (72.7%). Statistical test indicates that the difference found between the two groups was significant (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=22.36). Therefore, a significant effect of the study intervention was found on rooming in this study. However, this study also conforms to the study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e] which had infant rooming-in with mother at (AOR: 31.67, 95%CI: 5.59\u0026ndash;179.43, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) were significantly and independently associated with Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIBF). Rooming in with baby has consistently been associated with initiation and continuous breastfeeding hence the practice of EBF.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn breastfeeding on demand, this study also found a significant association in both groups (Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e) It shows that clear majority of the study group (161: 81.7%) responded that they practiced breastfeeding on demand but with a slight higher difference among the intervention group (98.9%) compared to the control group (72.7%). On breastfeeding at night by the mothers, this study also shows that though many in the control group were giving their babies breast milk at night, yet greater proportion of the intervention group did so (96.6%) compared to the control group (85.9%). The odds for non- practice of breastfeeding on demand for six months among the mothers was found to be was 91% lower among the intervention group compared to the control group (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.089, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.022\u0026ndash;0.271), while the odds for non-practice of breastfeeding at night among the mothers was found to be 81% lower among the intervention group compared to the control group (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.19, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.034\u0026ndash;0.725), The difference between the two groups in that respect was found significant (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=7.668), indicating that the intervention facilitated greater breastfeeding of infants at night. This study is slightly higher than the study of [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e] where breastfeeding on demand was 58.2%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study found significant differences between the control group and the intervention group on feeding of baby with breast milk and water (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=137.49) as shown in table .6, feeding of baby with infant formula (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=132.45), giving baby any medicinal herb(P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=133.49), using feeding bottle to feed the baby (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=128.83) and feeding the baby with spoon or plate (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=120.28),\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong the control group, only 7 (7.1%) responded that the fed baby with no water till after six months, against 85 (86.7%) recorded in the intervention group. similarly only 8 (8.1%) in the control group did not apply baby formula against 85 (86.7%) in the intervention group, and the same proportion abstained from giving any medical herbs to the baby till after six months.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere were just 8 (8.1)% mothers who responded that their baby was not fed with feeding bottle till after six months period in the control group compared to 81 (82.7%) found in the intervention group. Those who never fed the baby with spoon or plate till after six months were 12 (12.1%) among the control group but 81 (82.7%) among the intervention group. Therefore, there were clear intervention effects to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding activities in the study group through non administration of water or use of infant formulas or any other additives during the first six months of birth. In all the variables for EBF, this study did agree with the report of the study by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e] Out of 140 women, 139 (99.3%) breastfed her last child, 83 (59.3%) started breastfeeding within 1 hr after delivery, 77 (55%) breastfed on demand of baby, 91 (65%) had not given anything before initiating breastfeeding, 25 (17.9%) had given plain water before breast milk after delivery, 107 (76.4%) had given breast milk only starting from birth to six months of age. However, the study didn\u0026rsquo;t agree with that of [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e] which had only (10%) of the respondents breastfeeding exclusively for the first six months of infants' life. The other respondents introduced one supplements or the other at different ages before the infant was six months. This study also disagree with the study by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e] which had 13% of children below six months being exclusively breastfed while (87%) of Nigerian infants below six months receive complementary liquid or foods. (91.5%) of the respondents practice exclusive breastfeeding while (8.5%) did not. The clear difference noticed in this could be attributed to the type of study utilized and the impact of the capacity building on the target population (significant others).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study of significant others and the promotion of Exclusive breastfeeding in Ikeduru LGA, Imo State was determined with 200 significant others and 200 pregnant/nursing mothers with 100 participants in each arm of the study (control and intervention). 400 pre (questionnaire) and 200 post intervention questionnaire and 200 checklist capturing important information's of both the significant others and pregnant mothers and variables that promote exclusive breastfeeding were used to assess the outcome of study among nursing mothers in ten PHC facilities in Ikeduru LGA, Imo State\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe result of the study showed statistically significant association in almost all the variables studied among the two study groups ranging from timely initiation of breast feeding, skin to skin contact, rooming in, breast feeding on demand and at night to giving of colostrums and giving of only breast milk without addition of any fluid including water.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore the results from this study on prospective cohort study of significant others and the promotion of EBF in Ikeduru LGA, Imo State have shown positive outcome that Significant others may be good promoters of EBF especially in Nigeria.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eContribution to Knowledge\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo my knowledge, No study in Nigeria has adopted a quasi- experimental approach to assess the output of significant others in the promotion of Exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers by taking into account of most important variables that promotes practice of EBF. However the recommendations from this study are very strong and will serve as a reference for similar studies. Again, the strong associations that emanated from this study is an indication that this approach would help in improving the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers since all other approach adopted by government and non government organizations have tried but haven't achieved the desired target for EBF practice for over two decades now as reported by WHO this may be because significant others are part of the family and are resident with the nursing mothers and therefore has the power to influence their decision even after a facilitator or counselor must have educated the nursing mother and left, but in this case, the significant others played the role of counselors and facilitators and thus wouldn\u0026rsquo;t influence the nursing mothers negatively since they are the initiators.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLimitations of the Study\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study was constrained by finance since it was self -sponsored. Again, challenges of poor road networks and time constraints, the significant others were always in a hurry to leave to attend to their business since there were no monetary gains attached to the program.but these were circumvented with good human, capital and time management skills.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eRecommendations\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003col\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is recommended that this study should be replicated in a similar setting with larger target populations and sufficient funding so that generalization would be enhanced.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is recommended that the capacity building should be extended to the PHC nurses especially in areas of skin to skin contact and timely initiation of breastfeeding and it should be made a priority during antenatal visits by healthcare workers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is recommended that significant others are included as facilitators in matters of maternal and child health and infant feeding programs because the play very sensitive and significant roles in influencing the choices mothers make in these areas hence these special groups are involved in the mothers day to day life.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study recommends that comprehensive breastfeeding education programs and counseling targeting significant others and pregnant mothers need to be scaled up at the health institutional levels and community levels.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is recommended that health policy makers, government and non -government agencies should include in their plans, ways or strategies to help support the significant others by providing little incentives in form of money or otherwise in order to compliment and support their efforts in attaining optimal nutrition and breastfeeding for their nursing mothers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/ol\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eFurther Research\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere\u0026rsquo;s need for further research especially in the area of sustainability of EBF, because there\u0026rsquo;s always intention and early initiation of breastfeeding which is a good indicator to exclusively breastfeed but sustainability beyond initiation is the problem as shown in this research work by the control group, hence there\u0026rsquo;s need to find modalities to close up the gap.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eEBF\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExclusive Breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eSSC\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin to Skin Contact\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eBF\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eLGA\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003elocal Government Area\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Approval and Consent to Participate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with ethical standards of the institutional and/ or national research committee and with the1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standard\u003cstrong\u003es.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Before beginning the research, a letter of introduction and ethical clearance were obtained from the Department of Public Health, School of Health Ethical Clearance Committee board of \u0026nbsp;the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. FUTO (Registration No: 00010/FUTO/PUHEC/P00170) and Ikeduru Local Government Area \u0026nbsp;council health department.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of the research was explained to each respondent, and verbal informed consent was obtained from all the study participants (both from the pregnant mothers and significant others) before inclusion into the study. Also, the anonymity of the respondents was assured, the confidentiality of the information’s provided was also protected and assured that the information’s provided were solely for research purpose and nothing else.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for Publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot Applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availaibility\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll needed data or materials \u0026nbsp;generated or \u0026nbsp; analyzed during this study are included in this manuscript\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Competing Interest\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the research work reported in this paper.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Funding:\u003c/strong\u003e This research was self sponsored, there was no funding from the school or any other agency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors Contributions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eM.U.U wrote \u0026nbsp;and prepared the main manuscript; S.N.O.I, E.T.O, U.W.D, U.M.C and C.C.I reviewed the research; G.I performed the analysis and prepared the tables and figures, V.N.A and O.G.A validated the instrument\u003cstrong\u003es\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team would like to thank the Head Nurses/ midwifes \u0026nbsp;and their staffs in all the ten PHC centers used , the head of the mother-child department, the visiting doctors of the PHC centers, the Head of department, Health, Ikeduru LGA and her staffs, and all the participants for their cooperation during the data collection process and capacity building.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAl-Binali, AM. 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From the first hour of life: making the case for improved infant and young child feeding everywhere. New York: 2016. UNICEF p. 8. http://www.unicef.org/press-releases/who-unicef-issue-new-guidance- \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization. Reducing stunting in children: equity considerations for achieving the global targets 2025. 2018a. https://www.who.int\u0026gt;health-topics \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFederal Ministry of Health. The press briefing of the Honorable Minister of health Dr Osagie E. Ehanire, MD, FWACS on the celebration of the 2020 World breastfeeding week at the FMOH. 2020. Retrieved from: http://www.site.health.gov.ng \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnited Nations Children\u0026rsquo;s Fund (UNICEF), World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Breastfeeding Scorecard, 2017; Tracking Progress for Breastfeeding policies and Programmes. New York. 2017.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUNICEF/WHO (2021). Breastfeeding: Too few children benefit from recommended breastfeeding practices. http://data.unicef.org\u0026gt;nutrition\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWake, G.E., Mittiku, Y.M. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice and its association with maternal employment in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. \u003cem\u003eInternational Breastfeed Journal,\u003c/em\u003e (2021)16 (86). \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHunegnaw, M. T., Gezie, L. D. \u0026amp; Teferra, A. S. (2017). Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers in Gozamin district northwest Ethiopia: a community base cross-sectional studying. \u003cem\u003eInternational Breastfeeding Journal; \u003c/em\u003e12:30 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNigeria Demographic and Health Survey Key Indicators Report. National Population Commission Abuja, Nigeria. (2018). https://www.dhsprogram.com\u0026gt;pdf \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMclnnes R.J., Chambers J.A. (2008). Supporting Breastfeeding Mothers: Qualitative Synthesis. \u003cem\u003eJournal of advanced Nursing\u003c/em\u003e 62, 407-427. Doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04618.x \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElenwa C.O. Ishikaku, E. A., and Isife, B.I. Rural Men Attitude Towards Exclusive Breastfeeding in Rural Communities of Rivers State, Nigeria. \u003cem\u003eInternational journal of Agriculture, management \u0026amp; technology\u003c/em\u003e. 2022; Vol. (6) no 1. Pg 37-50. www.ijamt.com.ng\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIbe, S. N. O., Obasi, O., Nwoke, E. A., Nwufo, C. R., Osuala, E. O., \u0026hellip; Ebirim, C. I. C. Role of Significant Others and Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding by Nursing Mothers in Imo State, Nigeria. The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences, 2017, 3(11), 4-11]. (P-ISSN 2412- 9763) - (e-ISSN 2412-8937).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNegin Joel, Coffman Jenna, Pavle Vizintin \u0026amp; Camille Raynes-Greenow . The influence of grandmothers on breastfeeding rates: a systematic review. \u003cem\u003eBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth \u003c/em\u003e201\u003cem\u003e6,\u003c/em\u003e 16:91. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-0880-5 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDouglas O.I, Ibe S.N.O, Nwufor C.R Perception and Intent to Promote Exclusive Breastfeeding by Significant Others in Umuokanne community imo State Nigeria. \u003cem\u003eJournal of advances in medicine and medical research\u003c/em\u003e. (2019). 31 (10): 1-18\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNational Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and United Nations Children\u0026rsquo;s Fund (UNICEF). Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2016-17, Survey Findings Report. Abuja, Nigeria: National Bureau of Statistics and United Nations Children\u0026rsquo;s Fund. 2017. http:// www.unicef.org\u0026gt;Nigeria-MICS-2019-17 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNational Bureau of Statistics (NBS). NBS-ILO-FMLE 2022 National Child and Forced Labour Survey. 2022 https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFederal Ministry of Health. List of coded health facilities in Imo State. 2012 http://library.procurementmonitor.org\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMekebo, G.G., Argawu, A.S., Likassa, H.T. et al. Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding practice among under-six months infants in Ethiopia. \u003cem\u003eBMC Pregnancy Childbirth\u003c/em\u003e (2022). 22, 630. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04955-x\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLikhite, N., Adossi, D., Oot, L., Dain, A. S. L, Tharaney, M., Nanama, S. (2022).Factors Influencing the Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding in West and Central Africa, \u003cem\u003eCurrent Developments in Nutrition\u003c/em\u003e, (2022).6, 850. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac065.034\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTadesse, F., Alemayehu, Y., Shine, S., Asresahegn, H.,Tadesse, T. Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal employment among mothers of infants from three to five months old in the Fafan zone, Somali regional state of Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study. \u003cem\u003eBMC Public Health\u003c/em\u003e, (2019) 1015 (19). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7345-5\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUNICEF, (2020). World Health Organization/Nutrition Breastfeeding Index-24824.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFaraj Khalid, Bouchefra Said, El GouddanySafouane, Elbaraka Yassine \u0026amp; our Abdellati. Early Breastfeeding Initiation: Exploring rates and determinants among postpartum women in East Morocco. \u003cem\u003eScientific African. \u003c/em\u003e(2023)\u003cem\u003e (\u003c/em\u003e21) e01883. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01883\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoakye-Yiadom Adwoa Pokua, Nguah BlaySamuel, Ameyaw Emmanuel, Enimil Anthony, Wobil Priscillia Naa Lomle and Plange-Rhule Gyikua (2021). \u003cem\u003eBMC pregnancy and childbirth\u003c/em\u003e 21: 468. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03943-x \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGiang Hoang Thi Nam, Duy1v Do Thi Thuy , Nguyen Lam Vuong , Nguyen Thi Tu Ngoc, Thu Thi Pham , Le Quang Tuan1 et al.,. Prevalence of early skin-to- skin contact and its impact on exclusive breastfeeding during the maternity hospitalization. \u003cem\u003e BMC Pediatrics. \u003c/em\u003e(2022\u003cem\u003e) 22:395. \u003c/em\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-02203455-3\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSanchez-Espino LF, Zuniga-Villanueva G, Ramirez-GarciaLuna JL. An educational intervention to implement skin-to-skin contact and early breastfeeding in a rural hospital in Mexico. \u003cem\u003eInt Breastfeed J. \u003c/em\u003e2019; \u003cstrong\u003e14\u003c/strong\u003e(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s13006-019-0202-4.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKebede N, Alemu G \u0026amp; Cherie N Clostrum Feeding Practice and its associated factors among postnatal mothers who attend at health facility, Ethiopia. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Neonatal Nursing.\u003c/em\u003e (2023). 29 (6) 875-880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2023.03.006\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcharya Sharda, Thapa Bibechan, Dhakal Ajaya Kumar, \u0026amp; Singh Suarav Kumar (2023). Colostrum feeding among newborns visiting the outpatient Department of pediatrics of a tertiary care centre. A descriptive cross sectional study. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Nepal medical Association. \u003c/em\u003e61(259):204-207\u003cem\u003e. \u003c/em\u003edoi: 10.31729/jnma.8062\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSultana, M., Dhar, S., Hasan, T., Shill, L. C., Purba, N. H., Chowdhury, A, I., Shuvo, S. D.. Knowledge, attitudes, and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding practice among lactating mothers in Noakhali, Bangladesh.\u003cem\u003eHeliyon\u003c/em\u003e (2022) 10 (8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11069 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGurung, R., Silwal, M., Gurung, A., Sah, I., Koirala, D., Paudel, S., Upadhayaya, S..Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers in Pokhara-Lekhnath. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepa: .2018\u003c/em\u003e 1(11), 40-45\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNwosu, N (2021). Knowledge, Attitudes And Practice Of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Women In Mbaitoli Local Government Area, Imo State. Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Jan 30, 2023.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSamuel OA, Oluwaseun OO. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Nursing Mother in Saki West Local Government.\u003cem\u003eJournal of Community \u0026amp; Public Health Nursing\u003c/em\u003e (2020) 6: 257. https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000257\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6239139/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6239139/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eExclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) practice has remained a challenge globally despite its numerous potential health and economic benefits on both the mother and child.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis quasi experimental study determined the output of significant others in the promotion and sustenance of Exclusive breastfeeding practice among nursing mothers in Imo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling was adopted to select the participants who were 200 pregnant/nursing mothers and 200 significant others selected in 10 primary health care centers in Imo State. 100 significant others and 100 pregnant/nursing mothers were in each arm of the study and control group, The target population were significant others but the outcome of the intervention were assessed on the nursing mothers. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, the significance were tested using chi square (ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e), logistic regression and odds ratio were at p-value of 0.05 and 95% confidence interval.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults of the study revealed that on the socio-demographic variables of pregnant/ nursing mothers, the average age\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation is 25.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.2 (control group: 26. \u0026plusmn; 4.2; intervention group: 25.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.2).Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding by significant others had strong significant associations among the intervention against control group; (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000, \u003cb\u003eꭓ\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e=48.57, d.f. =2), initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of birth (control\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37.4%, 58.6% and 4% initiated 1\u0026ndash;3 and 4\u0026ndash;6 hours after birth respectively; intervention = (85.7%) initiated within one hour, 13.3% and 1% respectively initiated 1\u0026ndash;3 and 4\u0026ndash;6 hours after birth ). skin to skin contact (SSC) 92.9% \u0026amp; 46.5%; feeding of colostrums 95(96.9%) \u0026amp; 89(89.9% ) (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.047, \u003cb\u003eꭓ\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e =3.96, d.f\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1; OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.28, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.048\u0026ndash;1.15), rooming in (98.9%) \u0026amp; (72.7%), no water/infant formula/medicinal herb till after six months 85(86.7%) \u0026amp; 7(7.1%) respectively for both intervention and control groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study concluded that significant others are key stakeholders in matters concerning infant nutrition and feeding choices including exclusive breastfeeding practice. It is therefore recommended that significant others are used as facilitators in programs concerning infant nutrition and maternal and child health in Sub Saharan Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Output of Significant Others in the Promotion and Sustainability of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Nursing Mothers In Ikeduru LGA, Imo State Nigeria:: A Quasi - Experimental Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-15 10:46:59","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6239139/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-05-23T11:20:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"301572059654702734258826161489583592799","date":"2025-05-21T14:17:20+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-21T11:37:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-18T10:10:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"268475176849547625759840051853646810856","date":"2025-05-15T04:59:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"166488604689718757474673437827837551230","date":"2025-05-13T09:33:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-13T04:17:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-21T12:16:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-04-21T12:03:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-17T08:27:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Public Health","date":"2025-04-17T08:26:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9ecc132b-17a2-4159-bebc-928911bdd8ad","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 15th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-06T16:02:27+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6239139","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24505-2","journal":{"identity":"bmc-public-health","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Public Health"},"publishedOn":"2025-09-30 15:57:38","publishedOnDateReadable":"September 30th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-15 10:46:59","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12889-025-24505-2","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24505-2","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6239139","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6239139","identity":"rs-6239139","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}