S-scheme ZnMn2O4/V2O5 heterojunction for degradation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride under visible-light irradiation

S-scheme ZnMn2O4/V2O5 heterojunction for degradation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride under visible-light irradiation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article S-scheme ZnMn2O4/V2O5 heterojunction for degradation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride under visible-light irradiation Guangling Zuo, Hongyong Ye, Jia Du, Xin Ding This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6484314/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Nanoparticle Research → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To address the inherent limitations of V 2 O 5 (VO) photocatalysts, such as high photogenerated electron-hole pair (PEHP) recombination rate and susceptibility to photocorrosion, the S-scheme ZnMn 2 O 4 /V 2 O 5 (ZMO/VO) heterojunction materials were successfully synthesized by loading ZnMn 2 O 4 (ZMO) on the VO surface via the hydrothermal method. Through crystal structure characterization, it was found that the prepared ZMO/VO composite retained the main structure of the orthorhombic system of VO, and the introduction of ZMO did not significantly change the crystalline characteristics of VO. Microstructural characterization revealed that ZMO was uniformly and densely dispersed on the VO surface, effectively enhancing the catalyst's surface roughness and specific surface area while establishing an efficient S-scheme heterojunction structure at the interface between the two catalytic materials. This unique structural design optimizes the interfacial charge transport path while preserving highly active REDOX sites, which significantly improves the catalytic performance of the material under visible light. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) revealed that superoxide radicals (·O 2 − ) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) served as the predominant reactive oxygen species responsible for CIP decomposition. When the ZMO loading was 6 wt%, the composite showed the best catalytic performance. Under the conditions of a catalyst dosage of 0.4 g/L, an initial CIP concentration of 20 mg/L, and pH = 6, a degradation rate of 98.7% could be achieved after 100 minutes of visible light irradiation. Notably, the material also showed good stability, maintaining a degradation efficiency of 91.6% after four cycles of use. This study offers an effective strategy to address the intrinsic limitations of VO-based photocatalysts while simultaneously advancing the rational design of S-scheme heterojunction materials for practical environmental remediation applications. ZnMn2O4/V2O5 Heterojunction Photocatalysis Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files 1.png Graphical Abstract Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Nanoparticle Research → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 19 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 07 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 03 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 May, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 29 Apr, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 23 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 19 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6484314","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":451348026,"identity":"e542a7db-b584-47e3-a546-5bbd5ab191bb","order_by":0,"name":"Guangling Zuo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nanyang Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guangling","middleName":"","lastName":"Zuo","suffix":""},{"id":451348027,"identity":"9a335ac8-77b8-441a-bc9c-31c7041259d2","order_by":1,"name":"Hongyong 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Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"ZnMn2O4/V2O5, Heterojunction, Photocatalysis, Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6484314/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6484314/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo address the inherent limitations of V\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e (VO) photocatalysts, such as high photogenerated electron-hole pair (PEHP) recombination rate and susceptibility to photocorrosion, the S-scheme ZnMn\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e/V\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e (ZMO/VO) heterojunction materials were successfully synthesized by loading ZnMn\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e (ZMO) on the VO surface via the hydrothermal method. Through crystal structure characterization, it was found that the prepared ZMO/VO composite retained the main structure of the orthorhombic system of VO, and the introduction of ZMO did not significantly change the crystalline characteristics of VO. Microstructural characterization revealed that ZMO was uniformly and densely dispersed on the VO surface, effectively enhancing the catalyst's surface roughness and specific surface area while establishing an efficient S-scheme heterojunction structure at the interface between the two catalytic materials. This unique structural design optimizes the interfacial charge transport path while preserving highly active REDOX sites, which significantly improves the catalytic performance of the material under visible light. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) revealed that superoxide radicals (\u0026middot;O\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e) and hydroxyl radicals (\u0026middot;OH) served as the predominant reactive oxygen species responsible for CIP decomposition. When the ZMO loading was 6 wt%, the composite showed the best catalytic performance. Under the conditions of a catalyst dosage of 0.4 g/L, an initial CIP concentration of 20 mg/L, and pH\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6, a degradation rate of 98.7% could be achieved after 100 minutes of visible light irradiation. Notably, the material also showed good stability, maintaining a degradation efficiency of 91.6% after four cycles of use. This study offers an effective strategy to address the intrinsic limitations of VO-based photocatalysts while simultaneously advancing the rational design of S-scheme heterojunction materials for practical environmental remediation applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"S-scheme ZnMn2O4/V2O5 heterojunction for degradation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride under visible-light irradiation","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-05 14:20:34","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6484314/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-05-19T09:14:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-18T07:37:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-07T13:28:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"210049277976643890958116127380555698571","date":"2025-05-07T08:18:15+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"47439369461768494883372843419556530586","date":"2025-05-06T07:28:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-03T05:20:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"176103679061674577232371898609919554219","date":"2025-05-01T07:15:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-30T01:18:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-04-23T20:53:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-23T12:23:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","date":"2025-04-19T10:56:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-nanoparticle-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nano","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Nanoparticle Research](http://link.springer.com/journal/11051)","snPcode":"11051","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11051/3","title":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a27921d8-6a71-4f08-a46f-6ae5e955a593","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 5th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-30T16:04:17+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6484314","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-025-06377-0","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-nanoparticle-research","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research"},"publishedOn":"2025-06-23 15:57:35","publishedOnDateReadable":"June 23rd, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-05 14:20:34","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06377-0","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-025-06377-0","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6484314","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6484314","identity":"rs-6484314","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}