Investigating the contributors to female infertility: A comprehensive study

Background: Female infertility is a multifactorial condition with variable etiological patterns that differ across populations. Identifying specific causes is essential for accurate diagnosis and targeted management.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 infertile women attending a tertiary-care gynaecology outpatient department. Detailed clinical evaluation, hormonal profiling, ultrasonography and diagnostic hystero-laparoscopy were performed to determine etiological factors.Results: Ovarian causes were most prevalent (50%), followed by tubal (22.5%), uterine (20%), peritoneal (18.3%) and unexplained infertility (20%). Laparoscopic evaluation enhanced diagnostic clarity, revealing a high burden of ovarian abnormalities, tubal blockages and peritoneal pathology including endometriosis and pelvic adhesions.Conclusion: Infertility in this population demonstrated a heterogeneous etiological distribution dominated by ovarian, tubal and peritoneal factors. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is essential for individualized management and improved reproductive outcomes.