Evaluation of meniscal and articular cartilage lesions in femoral and tibial condyles in dogs without cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency: cadaveric study

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Meniscal injuries can lead to the development of osteoarthritis, with the medial meniscus being the most frequently affected in dogs, usually associated with cranial cruciate ligament instability. Although lateral meniscal injuries are described as less common, studies report a high incidence in cases of cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency, suggesting that their prevalence may be underestimated. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of medial or lateral meniscal injuries and cartilage lesions on the tibial and femoral condyles in cadaveric dogs with intact cranial cruciate ligaments, and to correlate the meniscal injuries with the tibial plateau angle and the presence of condylar lesions. Methods 192 canine stifles joints were evaluated. All limbs underwent radiographic evaluation to exclude musculoskeletal abnormalities and to calculate the tibial plateau angle. All stifles were dissected, and the menisci, tibial and femoral condyles were stained with 20% India ink. Results Lesions were found in 29 medial menisci and 28 lateral menisci. Cartilage lesions were identified in 52 medial femoral condyles and 46 lateral femoral condyles. In the tibia, lesions were found in 94 medial condyles and 63 lateral condyles. A significant association was identified when comparing lesions in the femoral and tibial condyles (both lateral and medial) with lesions in the medial and lateral menisci. There was no statistical difference in the average tibial plateau angle between limbs with and without meniscal lesions. Conclusions There are lesions in medial and lateral menisci even with intact cranial cruciate ligaments. It was possible to identify lesions in the cartilage of lateral and medial femoral and tibial condyles using India ink, and those are correlated with menisci lesions. Osteoarthritis joint cranial cruciate ligament canine Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Background The menisci fulfill important roles in load support and transmission, impact absorption, lubrication, and joint stability [ 1 ]. Functional menisci are important for joint health, as patients with meniscal injury may develop signs of osteoarthritis, such as articular cartilage fibrillation, fissure formation, and narrowing of the joint space [ 2 ]. In medicine, meniscal injuries without cruciate ligaments lesion are common among young athletes, especially in contact sports such as soccer and rugby [ 3 ]. However, there is very limited evidence that stifle pain is directly attributable to a meniscal injury, even if the injury is considered unstable [ 4 ]. In dogs, the injury is often associated with cranial cruciate ligament instability [ 5 ] as well as the progression of osteoarthritis [ 6 ]. The medial meniscus is reported to be the most affected in dogs, with a prevalence ranging from 51.3–60.6% [ 5 ]. Lateral meniscal injuries, whether isolated or associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture, are less frequently described [ 7 , 8 ]. However, Ralphs and Whitney9 reported a 77% incidence of lateral meniscal involvement in dogs affected by cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency, raising questions about the true prevalence of meniscal lesions in dogs. Medial meniscal injuries associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture are well-documented, but there are no studies demonstrating meniscal and femoral and tibial condyle injuries in the absence of cranial cruciate ligament injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of medial and lateral meniscal injuries, as well as femoral and tibial condyle lesions, in cadaveric dogs with intact cruciate ligaments. Additionally, we aimed to correlate meniscal injuries with the tibial plateau angle, as well as with femoral condyle lesions. The hypothesis of this study was that stifles with intact cranial cruciate ligaments would exhibit meniscal and femoral and tibial condyle injuries, while another hypothesis was that higher tibial plateau angles would correlate with more meniscal injuries. Results 192 canine cadaver stifle without musculoskeletal alterations were evaluated. 96 mixed-breed canine cadavers were evaluated, consisting of 54 male dogs and 42 females. Meniscal lesions were found in 45 (23.44%) stifle, with 29 in medial menisci and 28 in lateral menisci (Table 1 ). Lesions were identified in 52 medial femoral condyles and 46 lateral condyles (Table 1 ), with 72.4% of patients with medial meniscal lesions also having medial condyle lesions, and 55.2% having lateral condyle lesions. Additionally, 60.7% of stifles with lateral meniscal lesions had lateral condyle lesions, and 53.6% had alterations in the medial condyle. During the evaluation of the tibial condyles, lesions were found in 94 medial condyles and 63 lateral condyles (Table 1 ), with 73.9% of stifles with medial meniscal alterations also having medial tibial condyle lesions, and 58.6% having lateral tibial condyle lesions. Furthermore, 82.1% of joints with lateral meniscal lesions had medial tibial condyle lesions, and 57.1% had lateral tibial condyle lesions. Table 1 Frequency of lesions in the menisci, articular cartilage of the femoral and tibial condyles, medial and lateral, in the pelvic limbs of dogs with intact cranial cruciate ligament (n = 192). Severity of the lesion Medial meniscus - n (%) Lateral meniscus - n (%) Normal 163 (84,9) 164 (85,4) Minimal fibrillation 20 (10,4) 20 (10,4) Moderate superficial fibrillation, but without rupture 5 (2,6) 5 (2,6) Severe fibrillation, incomplete ruptures 2 (1,0) 2 (1,0) Complete ruptures, bucket handle tears, or multiple incomplete ruptures 2 (1,0) 1 (0,5) Severity of the lesion Medial femoral condyle – n (%) Lateral femoral condyle – n (%) Intact surface 140 (72,9) 146 (76,0) Minimal fibrillation 44 (22,9) 41 (21,4) Overt fibrillation 4 (2,1) 4 (2,1) Erosion - - Erosion ≤ 2 mm 0 0 2 mm < erosion ≤ 5 mm 1 (0,5) 1 (0,5) 5 mm < erosion 3 (1,6) 0 Severity of the lesion Medial tibial condyle – n (%) Lateral tibial condyle – n (%) Intact surface 98 (51,0) 129 (67,2) Minimal fibrillation 88 (45,8) 55 (28,6) Overt fibrillation 5 (2,6) 6 (3,1) Erosion - - Erosion ≤ 2 mm 0 0 2 mm < erosion ≤ 5 mm 0 1 (0,5) 5 mm < erosion 1 (0,5) 1 (0,5) When comparing medial menisci with and without lesions, it was observed that injured menisci are significantly associated with lesions in the femoral and tibial condyles (both medial and lateral) (Table 2 ). This same association was observed in the presence of lateral meniscal lesions (Table 3 ). Table 2 Comparative table of the presence of lesions on the tibial and femoral condyles in dogs with and without lesions in the medial meniscus. With lesion in the medial meniscus (n = 29) Without lesion in the medial meniscus (n = 163) P Lesion in the medial femoral condyle 21 (72,4%) 31 (19,0%) < 0,001 Lesion in the lateral femoral condyle 16 (55,2%) 30 (18,4%) < 0,001 Lesion in the medial tibial condyle 23 (73,9%) 71 (43,6%) < 0,001 Lesion in the lateral tibial condyle 17 (58,6%) 46 (28,2%) 0,003 Data compared using the Chi-square test with Yates' correction Table 3 Comparative table of the presence of lesions on the tibial and femoral condyles in dogs with and without lesions in the lateral meniscus. With lesion in the lateral meniscus (n = 28) Without lesion in the medial meniscus (n = 164) P Lesion in the medial femoral condyle 15 (53,6%) 37 (22,6%) 0,001 Lesion in the lateral femoral condyle 17 (60,7%) 29 (17,7%) < 0,001 Lesion in the medial tibial condyle 23 (82,1%) 71 (43,3%) < 0,001 Lesion in the lateral tibial condyle 16 (57,1%) 47 (28,7%) 0,006 Data compared using the Chi-square test with Yates' correction The mean TPA values were compared between limbs with medial meniscal lesions (23.9°±4.2°) and without lesions (25.1°±4.2°), and between limbs with lateral meniscal lesions (TPA 24.9°±5.8°) and without lesions (24.9°±3.9°). No statistically significant differences were found (P = 0.186 and P = 0.995, respectively) (Table 4 ). A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to assess the optimal cutoff point for TPA between limbs with and without meniscal lesions. The area under the curve (AUC) for TPA in relation to medial meniscal lesion presence was 0.43 (P = 0.300), and for lateral meniscal lesion presence was 0.54 (P = 0.502). Neither of the curves showed an acceptable area under the curve. Therefore, there was no TPA cutoff point that reliably differentiated between limbs with higher or lower likelihood of medial or lateral meniscal lesions. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study to present findings on medial and lateral meniscal lesions, as well as cartilage lesions on the femoral and tibial condyles, in a large cohort of canine stifle joints with intact cranial cruciate ligaments, evaluated macroscopically with the aid of Indian ink staining. These findings supported our initial hypothesis by demonstrating that meniscal and condylar cartilage lesions in the femur and tibia can occur in the absence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. However, we did not find an association between meniscal lesions and tibial plateau angle, which refutes our second hypothesis. In veterinary, canine meniscal injuries, particularly in the medial meniscus, are typically associated with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries [ 10 ]. However, we identified a high prevalence of medial and lateral meniscal lesions in canine stifles without CCL injuries. Therefore, we believe that meniscal injuries have a multifactorial nature, where other factors such as biomechanical, anatomical, inflammatory, and degenerative factors may play a predominant role in meniscal lesions, as observed in human medicine [ 11 , 12 ]. Studies investigating the frequency and correlation of lateral meniscus injuries with other stifle pathologies are scarce [ 7 – 9 , 13 ]. Additionally, lateral meniscus injuries can occur in isolation [ 8 ]. Although medial meniscus injuries are more commonly reported, lateral meniscus injuries also constitute a significant portion of meniscal injuries as identified in this study. Therefore, it is crucial for the surgeon to evaluate and pay attention to both menisci during surgical procedures. In none of the stifles did we identify bucket handle lesions in the medial menisci, which is the alteration most frequently reported in association with cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs [ 14 ]. With these novel findings, we believe that bucket handle lesions may be secondary to cranial cruciate ligament disease, due to joint instability, which contributes to increased abnormal forces at the caudal pole of the medial meniscos [ 15 ]. Excessive tibial plateau angle (TPA) has been theorized as a factor increasing the risk of medial meniscal injuries in animals with cranial cruciate ligament disease [ 15 ]. However, other studies have shown that tibial plateau angle (TPA) is not directly related to medial meniscal injuries [ 14 , 16 ]. In our study, angles were measured in joints without cranial cruciate ligament disease, and the mean TPA values for limbs with medial and lateral meniscal injuries did not differ significantly from those without injuries. Additionally, ROC analysis indicated a low capacity of TPA to discriminate between stifles with and without meniscal lesions. While TPA is an important parameter in assessing joint biomechanics and has sparked intense debate and ambiguity regarding its impact on meniscal injuries, our results suggest that it cannot be used as an effective predictor of meniscal injuries in dogs. In the limbs analyzed in this study, we observed a significant relationship between the presence of lesions in the femoral and tibial condylar cartilages and meniscal injuries in stifles with intact cranial cruciate ligaments (CCL). Cartilage lesions associated with meniscal injury have been previously described in joints with intact CCL, albeit with a small sample size [ 8 ]. Although the pathogenesis and chronological order of these lesions still require further investigation, we believe that meniscal injuries may precede others, as alterations in the menisci promote a redistribution of load within the stifle, increasing femorotibial contact and potentially causing injuries to the articular cartilagem [ 17 ]. All stifles underwent radiographs, which did not reveal suggestive changes of joint disease. However, it is important to note that radiographic examination is not sensitive enough to assess intra-articular structures such as menisci and articular cartilagem [ 18 ]. We believe that although radiographs are routinely used in veterinary practice, injuries to the menisci and articular cartilage often go unnoticed, compromising clinical management of the patient. Therefore, we suggest that when dealing with a patient with stifle joint pain, complementary imaging studies such as arthroscopy [ 6 , 9 ] and ultrasound [ 19 ] be recommended for a more accurate evaluation of the joint structures. This study has several limitations, including challenges in achieving a homogeneous sample in terms of age, breed, and weight, which could have influenced the results regarding meniscal and condylar lesions. Additionally, the use of cadavers precluded the assessment of weight bearing, which is crucial for correlating meniscal and condylar cartilage injuries with clinical implications. This limitation prevented us from determining whether these lesions have a significant clinical impact in dogs with joint disease. Conclusion Medial and lateral meniscal lesions can be present in dogs without cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency. Dogs with meniscal injuries may exhibit cartilage lesions on the femoral and tibial condyles. Additionally, the tibial plateau angle is not associated with the presence or absence of meniscal lesions. Methods Experimental design and animals. This study was conducted in accordance with the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines (2020). Data were prospectively collected between march 2017 and february 2019. A total of 192 pelvic limbs from adult canine cadavers, paired and of various breeds, were obtained from the Veterinary Pathology Sector of the University and the Special Secretariat for Animal Rights, with death due to reasons unrelated to the project. Limbs with musculoskeletal alterations in the stifle, detectable radiographically or upon inspection of the limb, such as previous surgery, neoplasms, cranial cruciate ligament rupture, or patellar luxation, were excluded. Radiographic examination The limbs were disarticulated at the level of the coxofemoral joint, and then orthogonal radiographs were taken to measure the tibial plateau angle (TPA). The TPA was obtained and measured from the mediolateral projection as described by Aulakh et al. (2011) [ 20 ]. The examinations were conducted using a conventional X-ray machine (Siemens Multix B − 500mA, Joinville, Brazil), and the images were obtained using imaging plates sized 35cm x 43cm (AGFA, Antwerp, Belgium), and a digital scanner (AGFA, model CR-30). All limbs were positioned, and the TPA’s were calculated consistently by the same evaluator. After radiographic examination, the limbs were forwarded for stifle arthrotomy surgery to evaluate the intra-articular structures. Surgery procedure The arthrotomy began with a longitudinal incision in the skin, cranial to the stifle joint. Subsequently, the skin and subcutaneous tissue were reflected around the joint. The patellar ligament was cut, and the joint capsule was incised, followed by the sectioning of the lateral collateral ligament, medial collateral ligament, and the long digital extensor tendon. Inspection of the cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments was performed, and upon confirmation of their integrity, they were incised along with the meniscofemoral ligament. At the end of the arthrotomy, a complete view of the menisci and femoral condyles was obtained. The femoral condyles (Fig. 1) and menisci (Fig. 2) were stained using a 20% dilution of India ink (Parker, Quink) in saline solution, applied with a Vision size 0 brush (reference 512, Chinese bristles). After 15 seconds, excess ink was removed with a damp paper towel. Subsequently, the menisci were dissected from their anatomical position using a surgical blade no. 23, and the tibial condyles were visualized and stained using the ink in the same manner as described previously (Fig. 3). The lesions on the condyles were measured in millimeters using a digital caliper and classified according to the proposal by Laverty et al. (2010) [ 21 ], based on the Outerbridge scale and its modifications (Table 5 ). Similarly, meniscal lesions were measured and classified (Table 6 ). Table 5 Classification system for changes in articular cartilage using India ink. 1 Intact surface Normal in appearance and does not retain the ink 2 Minimal fibrillation The surface retains the ink as elongated streaks or light blue spots. 3 Overt fibrillation Areas with a velvety appearance and ink retention as intense blue spots. 4 a b c Erosion 0 mm < erosion ≤ 2 mm 2 mm < erosion ≤ 5 mm 5 mm < erosion Loss of cartilage exposing the underlying bone. Source: Adapted from Laverty et al., 2010 Table 6 Score for macroscopic meniscal changes 1 Normal 2 Minimal fibrillation 3 Moderate surface fibrillation but no tears 4 Severe fibrillation, incomplete tears 5 Complete tears, bucket-handle tears or multiple incomplete tears Source: Adapted from Laverty et al., 2010 Statistical analysis The data were entered into Excel and subsequently exported to SPSS v. 20.0 for statistical analysis. Categorical variables were described using frequencies and percentages. The symmetry of variables was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Quantitative variables with symmetric distribution were described using mean and standard deviation, while those with asymmetric distribution were described using median and interquartile range. Associations between categorical variables were evaluated using the chi-square test with Yates' correction. Quantitative variables with symmetric distribution were compared between groups with and without meniscal lesions using independent samples t-test, and variables with asymmetric distribution were compared across severity categories of lesions using the Kruskal-Wallis test. A ROC curve was generated to establish a cutoff point for discriminating between presence and absence of meniscal lesions. A significance level of 5% was used for all comparisons. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate All experimental protocols in this study were approved by the Animal Use Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) (Protocol No. 33329). All methods comply with the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal experiments. Furthermore, all reported methods were conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA). Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests The authors declare having no competing interests. Funding The authors declare lack of funds. Author’s contributions MJS, RKC, MMA and MPF designed the experimental design. MJS and RKC performed the surgical and radiographic procedures on the cadavers. RKC performed the statistical analysis. MJS, RKC, MMA and MPF were responsible for writing and translating the manuscript. RKC and MPF reviewed the writing of the paper. All authors approved the final version of this article. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the “Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel” (CAPES). References Carter CW, Kocher MS. Meniscus repair in children. Clin Sports Med. 2012; 31(1):135-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2011.09.002. Wyland DJ, Guilak F, Elliott DM, Setton LA, Vail TP. Chondropathy after meniscal tear or partial meniscectomy in a canine model. J Orthop Res. 2002; 20(5):996-1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-0266(02)00022-0. Masini BD, Dickens JF, Tucker CJ, Cameron KL, Svoboda SJ et al. Epidemiology of isolated meniscus tears in young athletes. Ortho J Sports Med. 2015; 3(7):2325967115S00107. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967115S00107. Beaufils P, Becker R, Kopf S, Englund M, Verdonk R et al. 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Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 19 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Veterinary Research → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 15 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 14 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 11 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Sep, 2025 Editor invited by journal 03 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 02 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 02 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 29 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7489520","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":512349664,"identity":"477d9358-baa1-4e5c-bd98-8a2aa94a8e32","order_by":0,"name":"Mariana de Jesus de Souza","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mariana","middleName":"de Jesus","lastName":"de Souza","suffix":""},{"id":512349665,"identity":"d6ece25c-c1b4-4f85-bf9c-be9cee21bf8c","order_by":1,"name":"Rafael Kretzer Carneiro","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Santa Catarina State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rafael","middleName":"Kretzer","lastName":"Carneiro","suffix":""},{"id":512349666,"identity":"c099a8c7-179e-4efd-a5ca-63f9ccc56108","order_by":2,"name":"Marcelo Meller Alievi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marcelo","middleName":"Meller","lastName":"Alievi","suffix":""},{"id":512349667,"identity":"acdcb68c-57c9-40bb-8eda-aec4976f5654","order_by":3,"name":"Márcio Poletto Ferreira","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/klEQVRIie2PMUvDQBiGXzn4usRm/Yqgv0C4EiiIon/litBMxbUgtJnqUrr7L/IDHA4Kcbni6lAwQThwq1tGz9oOFpLoJnLP9NzBw3sHeDx/FQWEOzmG0J+qG5NOspUIpH6QYJc4+klTcnq3LNb5CBweLYu8eLiM0+zw9a3E6qYq6Zk4YmXAnXkcSWWvh2nW6p0HsGdJVaIHhP4UY2mIWGkxTF+mFAELWbnyZDcJXxlqlUpPYpkRdcu65PlrhWVABKUXyiUiD2oTK9xfmNmQE/3YvXcrIpC25mGDg/dydMHhjJzo25O2W3E3q8pkC387EaMp2Eesfxl4PB7P/+YDXr9S2NrG9+wAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Márcio","middleName":"Poletto","lastName":"Ferreira","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-29 14:38:19","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7489520/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7489520/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05114-y","type":"published","date":"2025-12-19T15:58:12+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":91071314,"identity":"f8e91917-ffe2-464c-be66-5269a2e6bb56","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-11 10:51:38","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":7768318,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAssessment of the surface of femoral condyles from canine cadavers stained with India ink (Parker, Quink). A) Healthy femoral condyles with no fibrillations or erosions. B) Femoral condyles classified as grade 2. Minimal fibrillations observed in the lateral condyle (white arrow) and medial condyle (black arrow). C) Femoral condyles classified as grade 3. Evident fibrillations in the lateral condyle (white arrow) and medial condyle (black arrows). D) Medial femoral condyle classified as grade 4. Erosion with exposure of subchondral bone (black arrow).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7489520/v1/b6f3367e4e514c096a6e987e.png"},{"id":91073566,"identity":"1da1ac34-ba9e-4396-86c2-3c251a8dac5f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-11 10:59:38","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":7660105,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEvaluation of canine menisci stained with India ink (Parker, Quink). A) Menisci with no alterations. B) Grade 2 meniscus showing minimal fibrillation (pin tip). C) Grade 3 menisci. Identification of moderate superficial fibrillations, but without meniscal rupture (black arrows). D) Grade 4 menisci. Severe fibrillations and incomplete ruptures are observed (yellow arrows). E) Grade 5 meniscus. Presence of a complete rupture, where the pin enters the lesion area.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7489520/v1/e5a5818e10c87861cb4d288a.png"},{"id":91071319,"identity":"655c89bc-2df4-4e87-8807-aa63c873a073","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-11 10:51:38","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":10410684,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEvaluation of canine tibial condyles stained with India ink (Parker, Quink). A) Healthy condyles with an intact surface. B) Grade 2 tibial condyles. Minimal fibrillations present (white arrows). C) Grade 3 tibial condyles. More evident fibrillations are observed (red arrows). D) Grade 4 and 3 tibial condyles. The black arrow shows erosion associated with exposed subchondral bone (Grade 4). Meanwhile, the red arrow indicates an area of evident fibrillation (Grade 3).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7489520/v1/8ff0b307ddf12c638cecb51e.png"},{"id":98813986,"identity":"f143f059-0664-407d-b5d8-38a7b89fbb2c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-22 16:09:06","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":24805162,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7489520/v1/614368b1-4e79-417a-bc26-85ca039b7217.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Evaluation of meniscal and articular cartilage lesions in femoral and tibial condyles in dogs without cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency: cadaveric study","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe menisci fulfill important roles in load support and transmission, impact absorption, lubrication, and joint stability [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Functional menisci are important for joint health, as patients with meniscal injury may develop signs of osteoarthritis, such as articular cartilage fibrillation, fissure formation, and narrowing of the joint space [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn medicine, meniscal injuries without cruciate ligaments lesion are common among young athletes, especially in contact sports such as soccer and rugby [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. However, there is very limited evidence that stifle pain is directly attributable to a meniscal injury, even if the injury is considered unstable [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. In dogs, the injury is often associated with cranial cruciate ligament instability [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e] as well as the progression of osteoarthritis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. The medial meniscus is reported to be the most affected in dogs, with a prevalence ranging from 51.3\u0026ndash;60.6% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLateral meniscal injuries, whether isolated or associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture, are less frequently described [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. However, Ralphs and Whitney9 reported a 77% incidence of lateral meniscal involvement in dogs affected by cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency, raising questions about the true prevalence of meniscal lesions in dogs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedial meniscal injuries associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture are well-documented, but there are no studies demonstrating meniscal and femoral and tibial condyle injuries in the absence of cranial cruciate ligament injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of medial and lateral meniscal injuries, as well as femoral and tibial condyle lesions, in cadaveric dogs with intact cruciate ligaments. Additionally, we aimed to correlate meniscal injuries with the tibial plateau angle, as well as with femoral condyle lesions. The hypothesis of this study was that stifles with intact cranial cruciate ligaments would exhibit meniscal and femoral and tibial condyle injuries, while another hypothesis was that higher tibial plateau angles would correlate with more meniscal injuries.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e192 canine cadaver stifle without musculoskeletal alterations were evaluated. 96 mixed-breed canine cadavers were evaluated, consisting of 54 male dogs and 42 females. Meniscal lesions were found in 45 (23.44%) stifle, with 29 in medial menisci and 28 in lateral menisci (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLesions were identified in 52 medial femoral condyles and 46 lateral condyles (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), with 72.4% of patients with medial meniscal lesions also having medial condyle lesions, and 55.2% having lateral condyle lesions. Additionally, 60.7% of stifles with lateral meniscal lesions had lateral condyle lesions, and 53.6% had alterations in the medial condyle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the evaluation of the tibial condyles, lesions were found in 94 medial condyles and 63 lateral condyles (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), with 73.9% of stifles with medial meniscal alterations also having medial tibial condyle lesions, and 58.6% having lateral tibial condyle lesions. Furthermore, 82.1% of joints with lateral meniscal lesions had medial tibial condyle lesions, and 57.1% had lateral tibial condyle lesions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency of lesions in the menisci, articular cartilage of the femoral and tibial condyles, medial and lateral, in the pelvic limbs of dogs with intact cranial cruciate ligament (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;192).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeverity of the lesion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedial meniscus - n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLateral meniscus - n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e163 (84,9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e164 (85,4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimal fibrillation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (10,4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (10,4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate superficial fibrillation, but without rupture\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (2,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (2,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere fibrillation, incomplete ruptures\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1,0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1,0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComplete ruptures, bucket handle tears, or multiple incomplete ruptures\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1,0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeverity of the lesion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedial femoral condyle \u0026ndash; n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLateral femoral condyle \u0026ndash; n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntact surface\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140 (72,9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146 (76,0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimal fibrillation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44 (22,9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41 (21,4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOvert fibrillation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eErosion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eErosion\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;2 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 mm\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;erosion\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 mm\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;erosion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeverity of the lesion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedial tibial condyle \u0026ndash; n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLateral tibial condyle \u0026ndash; n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntact surface\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98 (51,0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129 (67,2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimal fibrillation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88 (45,8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55 (28,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOvert fibrillation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (2,6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eErosion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eErosion\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;2 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 mm\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;erosion\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 mm\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;erosion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0,5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen comparing medial menisci with and without lesions, it was observed that injured menisci are significantly associated with lesions in the femoral and tibial condyles (both medial and lateral) (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). This same association was observed in the presence of lateral meniscal lesions (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComparative table of the presence of lesions on the tibial and femoral condyles in dogs with and without lesions in the medial meniscus.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWith lesion in the medial meniscus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWithout lesion in the medial meniscus (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;163)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLesion in the medial femoral condyle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (72,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (19,0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLesion in the lateral femoral condyle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (55,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (18,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLesion in the medial tibial condyle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (73,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71 (43,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLesion in the lateral tibial condyle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (58,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46 (28,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eData compared using the Chi-square test with Yates\u0026apos; correction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComparative table of the presence of lesions on the tibial and femoral condyles in dogs with and without lesions in the lateral meniscus.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWith lesion in the lateral meniscus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;28)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWithout lesion in the medial meniscus (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;164)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLesion in the medial femoral condyle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (53,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (22,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLesion in the lateral femoral condyle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (60,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (17,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLesion in the medial tibial condyle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (82,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71 (43,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLesion in the lateral tibial condyle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (57,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (28,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eData compared using the Chi-square test with Yates\u0026apos; correction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mean TPA values were compared between limbs with medial meniscal lesions (23.9\u0026deg;\u0026plusmn;4.2\u0026deg;) and without lesions (25.1\u0026deg;\u0026plusmn;4.2\u0026deg;), and between limbs with lateral meniscal lesions (TPA 24.9\u0026deg;\u0026plusmn;5.8\u0026deg;) and without lesions (24.9\u0026deg;\u0026plusmn;3.9\u0026deg;). No statistically significant differences were found (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.186 and P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.995, respectively) (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to assess the optimal cutoff point for TPA between limbs with and without meniscal lesions. The area under the curve (AUC) for TPA in relation to medial meniscal lesion presence was 0.43 (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.300), and for lateral meniscal lesion presence was 0.54 (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.502). Neither of the curves showed an acceptable area under the curve. Therefore, there was no TPA cutoff point that reliably differentiated between limbs with higher or lower likelihood of medial or lateral meniscal lesions.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eTo our knowledge, this is the first study to present findings on medial and lateral meniscal lesions, as well as cartilage lesions on the femoral and tibial condyles, in a large cohort of canine stifle joints with intact cranial cruciate ligaments, evaluated macroscopically with the aid of Indian ink staining. These findings supported our initial hypothesis by demonstrating that meniscal and condylar cartilage lesions in the femur and tibia can occur in the absence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. However, we did not find an association between meniscal lesions and tibial plateau angle, which refutes our second hypothesis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn veterinary, canine meniscal injuries, particularly in the medial meniscus, are typically associated with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. However, we identified a high prevalence of medial and lateral meniscal lesions in canine stifles without CCL injuries. Therefore, we believe that meniscal injuries have a multifactorial nature, where other factors such as biomechanical, anatomical, inflammatory, and degenerative factors may play a predominant role in meniscal lesions, as observed in human medicine [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudies investigating the frequency and correlation of lateral meniscus injuries with other stifle pathologies are scarce [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR8\" citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, lateral meniscus injuries can occur in isolation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Although medial meniscus injuries are more commonly reported, lateral meniscus injuries also constitute a significant portion of meniscal injuries as identified in this study. Therefore, it is crucial for the surgeon to evaluate and pay attention to both menisci during surgical procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn none of the stifles did we identify bucket handle lesions in the medial menisci, which is the alteration most frequently reported in association with cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. With these novel findings, we believe that bucket handle lesions may be secondary to cranial cruciate ligament disease, due to joint instability, which contributes to increased abnormal forces at the caudal pole of the medial meniscos [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExcessive tibial plateau angle (TPA) has been theorized as a factor increasing the risk of medial meniscal injuries in animals with cranial cruciate ligament disease [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. However, other studies have shown that tibial plateau angle (TPA) is not directly related to medial meniscal injuries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. In our study, angles were measured in joints without cranial cruciate ligament disease, and the mean TPA values for limbs with medial and lateral meniscal injuries did not differ significantly from those without injuries. Additionally, ROC analysis indicated a low capacity of TPA to discriminate between stifles with and without meniscal lesions. While TPA is an important parameter in assessing joint biomechanics and has sparked intense debate and ambiguity regarding its impact on meniscal injuries, our results suggest that it cannot be used as an effective predictor of meniscal injuries in dogs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the limbs analyzed in this study, we observed a significant relationship between the presence of lesions in the femoral and tibial condylar cartilages and meniscal injuries in stifles with intact cranial cruciate ligaments (CCL). Cartilage lesions associated with meniscal injury have been previously described in joints with intact CCL, albeit with a small sample size [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Although the pathogenesis and chronological order of these lesions still require further investigation, we believe that meniscal injuries may precede others, as alterations in the menisci promote a redistribution of load within the stifle, increasing femorotibial contact and potentially causing injuries to the articular cartilagem [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll stifles underwent radiographs, which did not reveal suggestive changes of joint disease. However, it is important to note that radiographic examination is not sensitive enough to assess intra-articular structures such as menisci and articular cartilagem [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. We believe that although radiographs are routinely used in veterinary practice, injuries to the menisci and articular cartilage often go unnoticed, compromising clinical management of the patient. Therefore, we suggest that when dealing with a patient with stifle joint pain, complementary imaging studies such as arthroscopy [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e] and ultrasound [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e] be recommended for a more accurate evaluation of the joint structures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study has several limitations, including challenges in achieving a homogeneous sample in terms of age, breed, and weight, which could have influenced the results regarding meniscal and condylar lesions. Additionally, the use of cadavers precluded the assessment of weight bearing, which is crucial for correlating meniscal and condylar cartilage injuries with clinical implications. This limitation prevented us from determining whether these lesions have a significant clinical impact in dogs with joint disease.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eMedial and lateral meniscal lesions can be present in dogs without cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency. Dogs with meniscal injuries may exhibit cartilage lesions on the femoral and tibial condyles. Additionally, the tibial plateau angle is not associated with the presence or absence of meniscal lesions.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExperimental design and animals.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted in accordance with the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines (2020). Data were prospectively collected between march 2017 and february 2019. A total of 192 pelvic limbs from adult canine cadavers, paired and of various breeds, were obtained from the Veterinary Pathology Sector of the University and the Special Secretariat for Animal Rights, with death due to reasons unrelated to the project. Limbs with musculoskeletal alterations in the stifle, detectable radiographically or upon inspection of the limb, such as previous surgery, neoplasms, cranial cruciate ligament rupture, or patellar luxation, were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRadiographic examination\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe limbs were disarticulated at the level of the coxofemoral joint, and then orthogonal radiographs were taken to measure the tibial plateau angle (TPA). The TPA was obtained and measured from the mediolateral projection as described by Aulakh et al. (2011) [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. The examinations were conducted using a conventional X-ray machine (Siemens Multix B \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;500mA, Joinville, Brazil), and the images were obtained using imaging plates sized 35cm x 43cm (AGFA, Antwerp, Belgium), and a digital scanner (AGFA, model CR-30). All limbs were positioned, and the TPA\u0026rsquo;s were calculated consistently by the same evaluator. After radiographic examination, the limbs were forwarded for stifle arthrotomy surgery to evaluate the intra-articular structures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSurgery procedure\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe arthrotomy began with a longitudinal incision in the skin, cranial to the stifle joint. Subsequently, the skin and subcutaneous tissue were reflected around the joint. The patellar ligament was cut, and the joint capsule was incised, followed by the sectioning of the lateral collateral ligament, medial collateral ligament, and the long digital extensor tendon. Inspection of the cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments was performed, and upon confirmation of their integrity, they were incised along with the meniscofemoral ligament. At the end of the arthrotomy, a complete view of the menisci and femoral condyles was obtained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe femoral condyles (Fig.\u0026nbsp;1) and menisci (Fig.\u0026nbsp;2) were stained using a 20% dilution of India ink (Parker, Quink) in saline solution, applied with a Vision size 0 brush (reference 512, Chinese bristles). After 15 seconds, excess ink was removed with a damp paper towel. Subsequently, the menisci were dissected from their anatomical position using a surgical blade no. 23, and the tibial condyles were visualized and stained using the ink in the same manner as described previously (Fig.\u0026nbsp;3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe lesions on the condyles were measured in millimeters using a digital caliper and classified according to the proposal by Laverty et al. (2010) [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e], based on the Outerbridge scale and its modifications (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, meniscal lesions were measured and classified (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClassification system for changes in articular cartilage using India ink.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntact surface\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal in appearance and does not retain the ink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimal fibrillation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe surface retains the ink as elongated streaks or light blue spots.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOvert fibrillation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAreas with a velvety appearance and ink retention as intense blue spots.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eb\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eErosion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 mm\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;erosion\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;2 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 mm\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;erosion\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 mm\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;erosion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoss of cartilage exposing the underlying bone.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource: Adapted from Laverty et al., 2010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScore for macroscopic meniscal changes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimal fibrillation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate surface fibrillation but no tears\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere fibrillation, incomplete tears\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComplete tears, bucket-handle tears or multiple incomplete tears\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource: Adapted from Laverty et al., 2010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe data were entered into Excel and subsequently exported to SPSS v. 20.0 for statistical analysis. Categorical variables were described using frequencies and percentages. The symmetry of variables was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Quantitative variables with symmetric distribution were described using mean and standard deviation, while those with asymmetric distribution were described using median and interquartile range. Associations between categorical variables were evaluated using the chi-square test with Yates\u0026apos; correction. Quantitative variables with symmetric distribution were compared between groups with and without meniscal lesions using independent samples t-test, and variables with asymmetric distribution were compared across severity categories of lesions using the Kruskal-Wallis test. A ROC curve was generated to establish a cutoff point for discriminating between presence and absence of meniscal lesions. A significance level of 5% was used for all comparisons.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll experimental protocols in this study were approved by the Animal Use Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) (Protocol No. 33329). All methods comply with the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal experiments. Furthermore, all reported methods were conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"_Toc120474078\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"_Toc120474079\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare having no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare lack of funds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor’s contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMJS, RKC, MMA and MPF designed the experimental design. MJS and RKC performed the surgical and radiographic procedures on the cadavers. RKC performed the statistical analysis. MJS, RKC, MMA and MPF were responsible for writing and translating the manuscript. RKC and MPF reviewed the writing of the paper. All authors approved the final version of this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to thank the “Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel” (CAPES).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarter CW, Kocher MS. Meniscus repair in children. Clin Sports Med. 2012; 31(1):135-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2011.09.002.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWyland DJ, Guilak F, Elliott DM, Setton LA, Vail TP. Chondropathy after meniscal tear or partial meniscectomy in a canine model. J Orthop Res. 2002; 20(5):996-1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-0266(02)00022-0.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMasini BD, Dickens JF, Tucker CJ, Cameron KL, Svoboda SJ et al. Epidemiology of isolated meniscus tears in young athletes. Ortho J Sports Med. 2015; 3(7):2325967115S00107. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967115S00107.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBeaufils P, Becker R, Kopf S, Englund M, Verdonk R et al. Surgical management of degenerative meniscus lesions: the 2016 ESSKA meniscus consensus. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol. 2017; 25(2):335-346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-016-4407-4.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoore EV, Weeren R, Paek M. Extended long-term radiographic and functional comparison of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy vs tibial tuberosity advancement for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the dog. Vet Surg. 2020; 49(1):146-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13277.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKaufman K, Beale BS, Thames HD, Saunders WB. Articular cartilage scores in cranial cruciate ligament-deficient dogs with or without bucket handle tears of the medial meniscus. Vet Surg. 2017; 46(1):120-129. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.12584.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWilliams RA. Isolated lateral meniscus tear in a boxer. Vet Rec. 2010; 167(11):419-420. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.c4479.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKrier EM, Johnson TA, Breiteneicher AH, Peycke LE, Hulse DA. Articular cartilage lesions associated with complete lateral meniscal tears in the dog. Vet Surg 2018;47(7):958-962. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.12961.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRalphs SC, Whitney WO. Arthroscopic evaluation of menisci in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament injuries: 100 cases (1999-2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002; 221(11):1601-1604. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.221.1601.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCosta M, Craig D, Cambridge T, Sebestyen P, Su Y et al. Major complications of tibial tuberosity advancement in 1613 dogs. Vet Surg. 2017; 46(4):494-500. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.12649.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLohmander LS, Englund PM, Dahl LL, Roos EM. The long-term consequence of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries: osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med. 2007; 35(10):1756-1769. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507307396.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChastain KS, Stoker AM, Bozynski CC, Leary EV, Cook JL. Metabolic responses of meniscal tissue to focal collagenase degeneration. Connect Tissue Res. 2020; 61(3-4):349-359. https://doi.org/10.1080/03008207.2019.1666112.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFung C, Ficklin M, Okafor CC. Associations between meniscal tears and various degrees of osteoarthritis among dogs undergoing TPLO for cranial cruciate ligament rupture. BMC Res Notes. 2023; 16(1):36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06307-0.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eColthurst SMM, Simcock JO, Cashmore RG. Comparison of incidence of medial meniscal injury in small dogs (\u0026le;15 kg) and medium-to-large dogs (\u0026gt;15 kg) with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament disease undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: 580 stifles (2015 - 2019). J Small Anim Pract. 2022; 63(9):686-691. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13523.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDillon DE, Gordon-Evans WJ, Griffon DJ, Knap KM, Bubb CL et al. Risk factors and diagnostic accuracy of clinical findings for meniscal disease in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease. Vet Surg. 2014; 43(4):446-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12103.x.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGatineau M, Dupuis J, Plant\u0026eacute; J, Moreau M. Retrospective study of 476 tibial plateau levelling osteotomy procedures. Rate of subsequent \u0026apos;pivot shift\u0026apos;, meniscal tear and other complications. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2011; 24(5):333-341. https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-10-07-0109.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePozzi A, Tonks CA, Ling HY. Femorotibial contact mechanics and meniscal strain after serial meniscectomy. Vet Surg. 2010; 39(4):482-488. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2010.00668.x.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVan der Vekens E, de Bakker E, Bogaerts E, Broeckx BJG, Ducatelle R et al. High-frequency ultrasound, computed tomography and computed tomography arthrography of the cranial cruciate ligament, menisci and cranial meniscotibial ligaments in 10 radiographically normal canine cadaver stifles. BMC Vet Res. 2019; 15(1):146. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1892-y.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGomes LFF, Bregadioli T, Hagen SCF. Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Dogs with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture Undergoing to Arthrotomy. Acta Sci Vet. 2019; 47(1686):1-8. https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.93776.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAulakh KS, Harper TA, Lanz OI, Daniel GB, Werre SR. Effect of stifle angle on the magnitude of the tibial plateau angle measurement in dogs with intact and transected cranial cruciate ligament. A cadaveric study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2011; 24(4):272-8. https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-10-09-0131.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaverty S, Girard CA, Williams JM, Hunziker EB, Pritzker KP. The OARSI histopathology initiative - recommendations for histological assessments of osteoarthritis in the rabbit. OARS. 2010; 18(3):S53-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2010.05.029\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-veterinary-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Veterinary Research](http://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12917","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12917/3?","title":"BMC Veterinary Research","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Osteoarthritis, joint, cranial cruciate ligament, canine","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7489520/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7489520/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe menisci have essential functions, such as impact absorption, joint stability, lubrication, and load support. Meniscal injuries can lead to the development of osteoarthritis, with the medial meniscus being the most frequently affected in dogs, usually associated with cranial cruciate ligament instability. Although lateral meniscal injuries are described as less common, studies report a high incidence in cases of cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency, suggesting that their prevalence may be underestimated. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of medial or lateral meniscal injuries and cartilage lesions on the tibial and femoral condyles in cadaveric dogs with intact cranial cruciate ligaments, and to correlate the meniscal injuries with the tibial plateau angle and the presence of condylar lesions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e192 canine stifles joints were evaluated. All limbs underwent radiographic evaluation to exclude musculoskeletal abnormalities and to calculate the tibial plateau angle. All stifles were dissected, and the menisci, tibial and femoral condyles were stained with 20% India ink.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eLesions were found in 29 medial menisci and 28 lateral menisci. Cartilage lesions were identified in 52 medial femoral condyles and 46 lateral femoral condyles. In the tibia, lesions were found in 94 medial condyles and 63 lateral condyles. A significant association was identified when comparing lesions in the femoral and tibial condyles (both lateral and medial) with lesions in the medial and lateral menisci. There was no statistical difference in the average tibial plateau angle between limbs with and without meniscal lesions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere are lesions in medial and lateral menisci even with intact cranial cruciate ligaments. It was possible to identify lesions in the cartilage of lateral and medial femoral and tibial condyles using India ink, and those are correlated with menisci lesions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Evaluation of meniscal and articular cartilage lesions in femoral and tibial condyles in dogs without cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency: cadaveric study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-11 10:51:33","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7489520/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-09-15T09:44:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-14T14:40:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-11T10:01:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"201579040335664520094716494411858968452","date":"2025-09-06T11:40:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"57442257555226960260030733048489604510","date":"2025-09-05T19:32:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"210070875580365998265203323225443537669","date":"2025-09-05T18:06:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"137616890601529021143666961973480476943","date":"2025-09-05T01:12:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"123962356152961567719767211774612746372","date":"2025-09-04T02:34:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-03T16:54:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-03T10:18:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-02T06:32:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-02T06:31:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Veterinary Research","date":"2025-08-29T14:29:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-veterinary-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Veterinary Research](http://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12917","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12917/3?","title":"BMC Veterinary Research","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c08bef52-62d6-4ebf-b41a-789f5c5a9922","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-22T16:02:22+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7489520","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05114-y","journal":{"identity":"bmc-veterinary-research","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},"publishedOn":"2025-12-19 15:58:12","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 19th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-11 10:51:33","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12917-025-05114-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05114-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7489520","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7489520","identity":"rs-7489520","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}