Clinical Potential of Antibody–Drug Conjugates in Early-Phase Clinical Trials for Late-Line Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors

Clinical Potential of Antibody–Drug Conjugates in Early-Phase Clinical Trials for Late-Line Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Clinical Potential of Antibody–Drug Conjugates in Early-Phase Clinical Trials for Late-Line Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors Ippei Miyamoto, Takahiro Kogawa, Kana Kurokawa, Eriko Miyawaki, and 11 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6954090/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 22 Aug, 2025 Read the published version in Investigational New Drugs → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction : Recently, comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP)-matched therapy and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have garnered increased attention. However, their response rates and prognoses in early-phase clinical trials are not yet widely appreciated in clinical practice. Methods : We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with advanced solid tumors who enrolled in clinical trials as a late-line treatment in our department between January 2020 and December 2023. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes, including overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and associated prognostic factors. Results : A total of 574 cases were referred, including 173 in the late-line setting. The ADCs group achieved the highest ORR and DCR (31.9% and 68.1%, respectively). ADCs also demonstrated a longer median progression-free survival (PFS) compared to CGP-matched and other trials (median PFS: ADCs 4.0 months vs. CGP-matched trials 1.9 months vs. others 1.7 months; p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified ADCs as significantly associated with improved PFS, while CGP-matched therapy was associated with better OS. Conclusions : The findings suggest that, even in early phase clinical trials for the late-line setting, ADCs can enhance therapeutic responses. These results underscore the need to avoid overreliance on CGP outcomes and instead prioritize early referral to Phase 1 facilities and timely intervention to achieve optimal patient outcomes. early-phase clinical trials advanced solid tumor late-line treatment genotype-matched therapy antibody-drug conjugates Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction In the development of new cancer therapies, early-phase drug development—including Phase 1 (P1) oncology trials—primarily aims to determine safety and tolerability. Until 20–30 years ago, response rates in these trials were < 10% [ 1 , 2 ]. Recently, however, novel agents with potential to reduce tumor burden and improve prognosis have emerged, even among P1 trial candidates. Moreover, a growing number of trials now assess therapeutic efficacy during the expansion phase of P1 clinical trials. Given the median prognosis for patients with late-line solid tumors is approximately 6–14 months [ 3 – 14 ], early-phase clinical trials are increasingly regarded as viable treatment options. Despite this, their clinical benefits remain underrecognized in routine practice, often leading to hesitancy among physicians to recommend P1 trial referral. Genotype-matched therapy based on comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) has gained significant attention in recent years. Following completion of standard-of-care therapies, favorable prognoses have also been reported in patients treated with CGP-guided therapy [ 15 ]. CGP is now commonly performed at the end of standard treatment, and patients with actionable mutations—but lacking approved targeted agents—are frequently referred to P1 trial centers. However, clinical trials impose strict eligibility criteria to ensure safety, including requirements related to comorbidities and organ function. Consequently, many patients with actionable mutations are deemed ineligible based on performance status or laboratory values. Additionally, numerous early-phase trials do not rely on genotype-matching but instead select participants based on cancer type, protein expression (e.g., via immunohistochemistry), or all-comer eligibility criteria. Interest in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has surged, and it remains uncertain whether CGP-matched trials consistently offer the greatest benefit. Therefore, it is essential to identify patients most likely to benefit from early-phase trials while maintaining patient safety. This study aimed to assess whether CGP-matched trials and ADCs for solid tumors in the late-line setting at our hospital were associated with improved clinical outcomes, including disease control rate (DCR), overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). We also identified prognostic factors to evaluate the benefits of early-phase clinical trials and inform appropriate patient selection. The findings are expected to provide evidence supporting the utility of early-phase clinical trials for patients with solid tumors who have completed standard-of-care therapies. Moreover, by identifying risk factors not explicitly outlined in trial protocols, this study may facilitate more refined participant selection and enhance the overall quality of future clinical trials. Methods Study population and design This retrospective chart review of electronic medical records was a single-center observational study conducted at the Department of Advanced Medical Development and the Department of Genomic Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), between January 2020 and December 2023. The study included patients with advanced solid tumors who were enrolled in late-line treatment clinical trials. Late-line treatment was defined as clinical trials in which inclusion criteria specified enrollment after completion of standard of care, with other treatment lines determined based on the definitions in Supplementary Table 1. The data cutoff date for this study was March 31, 2024. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR (approval number 2022-GB-153). Owing to the retrospective nature of this study, the requirement for informed consent was waived. Data collection We recorded participant information, including age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS), body mass index (BMI), number of prior chemotherapies, cancer type, number of metastatic sites, presence of concomitant pleural effusions or ascites, clinical trial treatment type, development phase of the investigational drug, referral source, and use of opioids. Laboratory data on serum albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were collected from pretreatment peripheral venous blood tests conducted within 14 days prior to the initiation of trial treatment. Tumor response was evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 [ 16 ]. DCR was defined as the proportion of participants achieving complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) + stable disease (SD). ORR was defined as the proportion achieving CR + PR. Participants for whom the best treatment effect could not be determined by RECIST were classified as not evaluable (NE). Comprehensive genomic profiling testing In this study, CGP testing included the four CGP tests currently covered by health insurance in Japan—Oncoguide NCC Oncopanel System, FoundationOne CDx, GenMineTOP Cancer Genome Profiling System, FoundationOne Liquid CDx, and Guardant360 CDx—as well as whole-genome analysis conducted through the AMED project "the full-scale operation of cancer whole genome analysis." CGP-matched trials were defined as clinical trials recommended at expert panel meetings in our hospital and/or clinical trials recommended at departmental conferences based on CGP test results. Prognostic score The Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) prognostic score and the Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score) were developed as prognostic biomarkers to improve participant selection in oncology phase I trials [ 17 , 18 ]. The RMH score was calculated using three objective variables: LDH level (≤ upper limit of normal [ULN: 223 U/L at our hospital]: 0, >ULN: 1), serum albumin level (≥ 3.5 g/dL: 0, 2: 1). The GRIm-Score is calculated by three factors of the RMH score, using NLR (≤ 6: 0, > 6: 1) instead of the number of metastatic sites. Scores were classified as high (2 or 3) or low (0 or 1). Statistical Analysis BMI was calculated based on height and weight before treatment and categorized as underweight (BMI < 18.5), considered a poor prognostic factor according to previous reports [ 19 – 21 ]. The number of prior chemotherapies was dichotomized using the median as the cutoff value. Cutoff values for serum albumin and LDH were determined based on the prognostic score. Pretreatment LDH values were missing for 15 participants; no other laboratory data were missing. Participants with missing LDH values but classifiable by other variables were included in the evaluation. PFS was defined as the time from initial treatment to documented disease progression or death. OS was defined as the time from initial treatment to death from any cause. PFS and OS were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and between-group comparisons were performed using the log-rank test. For three-group comparisons, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was first conducted to account for multiplicity; if the null hypothesis was rejected, paired comparisons were subsequently performed. P -values for paired comparisons were not adjusted for multiplicity when the ANOVA indicated significant differences. Univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox proportional hazards modeling were conducted to identify variables potentially associated with PFS and OS, with hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) reported. Because the GRIm-Score and RMH score share common variables, namely serum albumin level and LDH, they were analyzed separately. A p -value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed using EZR v.1.61 (Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan) [ 22 ]. Results Patient Characteristics A total of 574 cases were referred between January 2020 and December 2023. Ultimately, 234 patients were enrolled in clinical trials, with 173 participating as late-line treatment candidates (Supplementary Fig. 1). Patients were enrolled in 37 sponsor-initiated trials (SITs) approved by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) and 2 investigator-initiated trials. By the data cutoff date, 108 patients had died, 43 were confirmed alive, and 22 were lost to follow-up. Of the 173 enrolled patients, 145 participated in clinical trials requiring completion of standard care as part of the inclusion criteria, whereas 28 were enrolled based on the criteria outlined in Supplementary Table 1. The clinical characteristics of participants in the CGP-matched trials (N = 23), ADCs (N = 47), and others (N = 103) groups are presented in Table 1 . All investigational drugs in the CGP–matched trials were small-molecule inhibitors; details for the others group are provided in Supplementary Table 2. Male participants, those who had received ≤ 4 prior lines of therapy, and those referred from other hospitals were more likely to be enrolled in CGP–matched trials. Regarding the development phase, CGP-matched trials had higher enrollment in the dose-escalation phases, while ADCs had lower enrollment. CGP–matched trials exhibited a higher prevalence of low RMH scores, whereas ADCs demonstrated a greater incidence of high RMH scores. Additionally, CGP–matched trials had greater enrollment of patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers, whereas ADCs had a higher enrollment of patients with breast cancer. The median follow-up period was 8.6 months (95% CI: 4.8–16.1 months) for the CGP–matched trials group, 34.0 months (95% CI: 16.8–not reached [NR]) for the ADCs group, and 13.7 months (95% CI: 12.0–19.0 months) for the others group. Table 1 Patient Characteristics by investigational drug modality Characteristic All (N = 173), (%) CGP matched (N = 23), (%) ADCs (N = 47), (%) Others (N = 103), (%) Age, median (range), years 57 (18–77) 55 (18–77) 56 (33–75) 59 (26–77) Age, years ≥65 48 (27.7) 5 (21.7) 11 (23.4) 32 (31.1) <65 125 (72.3) 18 (78.3) 36 (76.6) 71 (68.9) Sex Male 77 (44.5) 15 (65.2) 17 (36.2) 45 (43.7) Female 96 (55.5) 8 (34.8) 30 (63.8) 58 (56.3) ECOG Performance Status 0 98 (56.6) 13 (56.5) 22 (46.8) 63 (61.2) 1 75 (43.4) 10 (43.5) 25 (53,2) 40 (38.8) Body mass index <18.5 24 (13.9) 1 (4.3) 10 (21.3) 13 (12.6) ≥18.5 149 (86.1) 22 (95.7) 37 (78.7) 90 (87.4) No. of prior chemotherapies median (range) 1–4 106 (61.3) 20 (87.0) 26 (55.3) 60 (58.3) ≥5 67 (38.7) 3 (13.0) 21 (44.7) 43 (41.7) No. of metastatic sites ≤2 103 (59.5) 14 (60.9) 30 (63.8) 59 (57.3) >2 70 (40.5) 9 (39.1) 17 (36.2) 44 (42.7) Pleural effusions or ascites Yes 46 (26.6) 7 (30.4) 14 (29.8) 25 (24.3) No 127 (73.4) 16 (69.6) 33 (70.2) 78 (75.7) Development phase dose escalation 79 (45.7) 18 (78.3) 6 (12.8) 55 (53.4) dose expansion 76(43.9) 5 (21.7) 38 (80.9) 33 (32.0) Phase Ⅱ 18 (10.4) 0 (0) 3 (6.4) 15 (14.6) Referral sources Our hospital 133 (76.9) 13 (56.5) 34 (72.3) 86 (83.5) Other hospital 40 (23.1) 10 (43.5) 13 (27.7) 17 (16.5) RMH score Low 126 (72.8) 20 (87.0) 31 (66.0) 75 (72.8) High 40 (23.1) 2 (8.7) 16 (34.0) 22 (21.4) GRIm-Score Low 155 (89.6) 20 (87.0) 41 (87.2) 94 (91.3) High 16 (9.2) 3 (13.0) 6 (12.8) 7 (6.8) Cancer type Gastrointestinal 47 (27.2) 5 (21.7) 10 (21.3) 32 (31.1) Gynecologic 39 (22.6) 5 (21.7) 9 (19.1) 25 (24.3) Breast 27 (15.6) 0 (0) 15 (31.9) 12 (11.7) Hepatobiliary and Pancreas 21 (12.1) 7 (30.4) 3 (6.4) 11 (10.7) Head and neck 10 (5.8) 1 (4.3) 4 (8.5) 5 (4.9) Urothelial 9 (5.2) 2 (8.7) 5 (10.6) 2 (1.9) Soft tissue tumor 7 (4.0) 1 (4.3) 0 (0) 6 (5.8) Lung 6 (3.5) 0 (0) 1 (2.1) 5 (4.9) Melanoma 3 (1.7) 1 (4.3) 0 (0) 2 (1.9) Neuroendocrine 3 (1.7) 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (2.9) Carcinoma of unknown primary 1 (0.6) 1 (4.3) 0 (0) 0 (0) Percentages are based on “N” values. RMH score, The Royal Marsden Hospital prognostic score; GRIm-Score, Gustave Roussy Immune score; CGP, comprehensive genomic profiling; ADCs, antibody-drug conjugates. Patients who transitioned to best supportive care (BSC) without proceeding to subsequent treatment included 8 participants (34.8%) in the CGP-matched trials group (6 unknown [26.1%], 0 ongoing treatment [0%]), 13 participants (27.7%) in the ADCs group (2 unknown [4.3%], 5 ongoing treatment [10.6%]), and 38 participants (36.9%) in the others group (8 unknown [7.8%], 2 ongoing treatment [1.9%]). Among participants unable to proceed to subsequent treatment, those with a high RMH score were more frequently observed in the ADCs group (8 cases, 61.5%) compared with the CGP-matched trials group (0 cases, 0%) and the others group (10 cases, 26.3%), indicating a higher tendency in the ADCs group. Clinical outcomes The ORR among all participants was 12.1%, and the DCR was 44.5%. Two participants were not evaluable for response. The ORR and DCR were 4.3% and 39.1% in the CGP-matched trials group, 31.9% and 68.1% in the ADCs group, and 4.9% and 35.0% in the others group, respectively (Fig. 1 ). Eight cases were not evaluable for reduction/enlargement rates. The ADCs group demonstrated encouraging ORR and DCR outcomes. The median PFS in the ADCs group was significantly longer than in the CGP-matched trials group and others group (ADCs group vs. CGP-matched trials group, median PFS: 4.0 vs. 1.9 months, p < 0.008; ADCs group vs. others group, median PFS: 4.0 vs. 1.7 months, p < 0.0006; Fig. 2 a). In contrast, no significant differences in OS were observed across treatment types (Fig. 2 b). Furthermore, participants with a high RMH score exhibited poorer OS compared to those with a low RMH score (low RMH score group vs. high RMH score group, median OS: 12.1 vs. 7.4 months, p < 0.0009; Supplementary Fig. 2a). A similar trend was observed in the high GRIm-Score group, which also had poorer OS compared to the low GRIm-Score group (low GRIm-Score group vs. high GRIm-Score group, median OS: 11.6 vs. 3.6 months, p < 0.000005; Supplementary Fig. 2b). Analysis of prognostic factors The RMH score was evaluable in 166 participants, and the GRIm-Score in 171 participants. Univariate and multivariate analyses of PFS and OS were conducted based on patient characteristics. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that a high RMH score and a high GRIm-Score were associated with poor PFS, whereas the use of ADCs was associated with favorable PFS. CGP-matched therapy was not associated with improved PFS (Table 2 ). Additionally, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that a high RMH score, a high GRIm-Score, and the presence of pleural effusions and/or ascites were associated with poor OS, whereas CGP-matched therapy was associated with favorable OS. The use of ADCs was not associated with improved OS (Table 3 ). When the analysis was restricted to participants in the ADCs group with low prognostic scores and no pleural effusions and/or ascites, no statistically significant difference in OS was observed compared to the non-ADCs group (CGP-matched trials and others); however, a trend toward improved OS was noted in the ADCs group (ADCs group vs. non-ADCs group, median OS: 13.9 vs. 10.2 months, p = 0.240; Supplementary Fig. 3). Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for progression-free survival. Characteristic Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis Multivariate analysis HR (95% CI) p value HR (95% CI) p value HR (95% CI) p value Sex Male 1.309 (0.953–1.797) 0.096 1.231 (0.739–2.052) 0.425 1.237(0.740–2.070) 0.417 Female Age ≥65 0.929 (0.650–1.328) 0.687 0.957 (0.647–1.415) 0.824 0.870 (0.582–1.299) 0.495 <65 ECOG Performance Status 0 1 1.045 (0.763–1.430) 0.785 0.907 (0.623–1.320) 0.609 0.959 (0.659–1.396) 0.827 Body mass index <18.5 1.225 (0.775–3.742) 0.385 1.187 (0.682–2.065) 0.545 1.364 (0.786–2.366) 0.269 ≥18.5 Breast cancer Yes 0.680 (0.4322–1.069) 0.094 1.495 (0.653–3.424) 0.341 1.469 (0.624–3.461) 0.379 No Hepatobiliary and Pancreas cancer Yes 1.691 (1.031–2.772) 0.037 1.698 (0.876–3.291) 0.117 1.836 (0.944–3.569) 0.073 No Gastrointestinal cancer Yes 1.268 (0.895–1.797) 0.182 1.294 (0.740–2.264) 0.366 1.448 (0.839–2.497) 0.184 No Head and neck cancer Yes 1.561 (0.820–2.974) 0.175 1.622 (0.721–3.648) 0.242 1.552 (0.664–3.628) 0.311 No Gynecologic cancer Yes 0.817 (0.563–1.187) 0.289 1.043 (0.522–2.085) 0.906 1.129 (0.556–2.294) 0.737 No No. of prior chemotherapies 1–4 ≥5 0.819 (0.595–1.126) 0.219 0.778 (0.515–1.176) 0.234 0.704 (0.465–1.067) 0.098 Pleural effusions and/or ascites Yes 1.149 (0.809–1.631) 0.439 1.362 (0.906–2.049) 0.138 1.264 (0.837–1.908) 0.266 No Development stage dose escalation 0.984 (0.680–1.423) 0.930 1.109 (0.756–1.625) 0.598 1.105 (0.747–1.634) 0.617 dose expansion, PhaseⅡ Referral sources Our hospital 0.860 (0.617-1.200) 0.376 0.846 (0.555–1.290) 0.437 0.797 (0.522–1.217) 0.293 Other hospital Use of opioids Yes 1.389 (0.908–2.124) 0.130 1.481 (0.895–2.451) 0.126 1.329 (0.795–2.220) 0.278 No ADC Yes 0.515 (0.354–0.749) < 0.0006 0.418 (0.262–0.667) < 0.0003 0.455 (0.287–0.721) < 0.0009 No CGP matched therapy Yes 1.216 (0.774–1.910) 0.396 0.685 (0.393–1.194) 0.182 0.742 (0.415–1.326) 0.313 No GRIm-Score High 2.343 (1.385–3.966) 0.002 2.716 (1.490–4.951) 0.001 Low RMH score High 1.499 (1.030–2.182) 0.034 1.645 (1.076–2.515) 0.022 Low ADCs, antibody-drug conjugates; CGP, comprehensive genomic profiling; GRIm-Score, Gustave Roussy Immune score; RMH score, The Royal Marsden Hospital prognostic score; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. Table 3 Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for overall survival Characteristic Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis Multivariate analysis HR (95% CI) p value HR (95% CI) p value HR (95% CI) p value Sex Male 1.955 (1.315–2.904) 0.001 1.456 (0.816-2.600) 0.204 1.755 (0.956–3.220) 0.070 Female Age ≥65 1.103 (0.718–1.693) 0.655 1.209 (0.751–1.948) 0.435 1.017 (0.621–1.665) 0.947 <65 ECOG Performance Status 0 1 1.395 (0.953–2.043) 0.087 1.067 (0.696–1.637) 0.765 1.093 (0.7084–1.687) 0.687 Body mass index <18.5 2.146 (1.230–3.742) 0.007 1.690 (0.862–3.316) 0.127 2.161 (1.075–4.345) 0.031 ≥18.5 Breast cancer Yes 0.413 (0.195–0.598) < 0.0002 0.382 (0.135–1.086) 0.071 0.545 (0.183–1.626) 0.276 No Hepatobiliary and Pancreas cancer Yes 2.475 (1.386–4.423) 0.002 1.502 (0.659–3.425) 0.334 1.932 (0.840–4.441) 0.121 No Gastrointestinal cancer Yes 1.428 (0.949–2.149) 0.087 0.938 (0.432–2.036) 0.872 1.156 (0.541–2.474) 0.708 No Head and neck cancer Yes 2.450 (1.269–4.732) 0.008 1.873 (0.783–4.477) 0.158 1.922 (0.774–4.770) 0.159 No Gynecologic cancer Yes 0.762 (0.453–1.281) 0.305 0.645 (0.269–1.547) 0.326 0.906 (0.367–2.240) 0.831 No No. of prior chemotherapies 1–4 ≥5 0.561 (0.378–0.833) 0.004 0.719 (0.413–1.253) 0.245 0.552 (0.321–0.949) 0.032 Pleural effusions and/or ascites Yes 1.558 (1.021–2.378) 0.040 2.401 (1.435–4.019) < 0.0009 2.281 (1.353–3.846) 0.002 No Development stage dose escalation 0.974 (0.665–1.428) 0.894 1.257 (0.794–1.989) 0.329 1.232 (0.763–1.991) 0.394 dose expansion, PhaseⅡ Referral sources Our hospital 1.236 (0.767–1.994) 0.384 1.003 (0.574–1.754) 0.991 1.011 (0.557–1.834) 0.971 Other hospital Use of opioids Yes 1.882 (1.094–3.237) 0.022 2.509 (1.322–4.761) 0.005 1.955 (0.992–3.855) 0.053 No ADC Yes 0.892 (0.588–1.354) 0.592 0.764 (0.456–1.278) 0.305 0.907 (0.546–1.507) 0.706 No CGP matched therapy Yes 0.779 (0.393–1.545) 0.475 0.389 (0.177–0.857) 0.019 0.412 (0.177–0.954) 0.039 No GRIm-Score High 3.496 (1.973–6.193) < 0.00002 3.724 (1.854–7.478) < 0.0003 Low RMH score High 2.017 (1.324–3.073) 0.001 2.012 (1.186–3.414) 0.001 Low ADCs, antibody-drug conjugates; CGP, comprehensive genomic profiling; GRIm-Score, Gustave Roussy Immune score; RMH score, The Royal Marsden Hospital prognostic score; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. ADCs, antibody-drug conjugates; CGP, comprehensive genomic profiling; ORR, objective response rate; DCR, disease control rate. PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival; CI, confidence intervals; ADCs, antibody-drug conjugates; CGP, comprehensive genomic profiling; NR, not reached. Discussion In this study, CGP-matched trials did not demonstrate favorable OS in the Kaplan–Meier analysis for patients with advanced solid tumors following completion of standard care; however, multivariate analysis indicated an association with improved prognosis. Although ADCs were not associated with prolonged OS, they were linked to favorable response rates and improved PFS. Additionally, high RMH score and GRIm-Score were associated with poor PFS and OS. While treatment response by type has been reported in Phase 1 cancer therapeutic trials [ 23 ], studies specifically including ADCs remain limited. Moreover, most clinical trials in this study were SITs, emphasizing the study’s relevance in supporting the clinical implementation of next-generation therapies based on new agents and refining patient selection strategies for such trials. In recent years, early phase clinical trials, including Phase 1 trials, have improved response rates compared to those 20–30 years ago. The response rate significantly increased over time, rising from 9.6% during 2000–2005 to 18.0% during 2013–2019 [ 23 ]. However, the report by Chihara et al. was based on National Cancer Institute–sponsored Phase 1 trials, where most responses were observed with combination therapies, while monotherapy continued to yield lower response rates. Since 2020, the clinical development of ADCs has accelerated alongside immunotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies. ADCs have demonstrated favorable responses in early-phase trials, even in patients following completion of standard care [ 24 , 25 ]. However, ADC therapy did not result in prolonged OS in this study. The ADCs group included a higher proportion of participants with high RMH scores, and a relatively large number (8 participants, 61.5%) transitioned to BSC without receiving subsequent treatment, which may have contributed to the lack of OS improvement. Additionally, CGP-matched trials in this study were associated with favorable OS in the multivariate analysis, despite no significant improvement in ORR or PFS. Although previous studies suggested genotype-matched investigational drugs improved response and prognosis [ 26 – 28 ], some reports did not specify the investigational drug development phase. Moreover, the types of agents varied widely, including small-molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, cytotoxic agents, and ADCs. In contrast, all CGP-matched trials in this study involved small-molecule inhibitors. Among 23 participants enrolled, 18 (78.3%) participated in trials conducted during the dose-escalation phase. Pancreatic cancer accounted for a relatively large proportion of cases (6 participants, 26.1%) compared to the ADCs and others groups. Response rates in Phase 1 trials for pancreatic and colorectal cancers are generally low [ 23 ], with reported response rates for pancreatic cancer being < 2%, indicating few patients benefited from investigational drugs to date. In this study, among the nine participants with pancreatic or colorectal cancer in CGP-matched trials, five had PD as the best response, and tumor shrinkage was observed in only one case. Improving response rates and survival outcomes with CGP-matched therapies will require advancing agents beyond dose-escalation phases and developing drugs with novel mechanisms of action. This study also highlighted the impact of general condition on PFS and OS. The RMH score and GRIm-Score, both reflecting systemic health, are recognized determinants of OS and PFS in clinical practice [ 29 – 32 ]. Other prognostic factors identified, such as pleural effusions and/or ascites, also reflect tumor burden and general condition. The overlap of these risk factors likely results in participants not meeting the typical trial inclusion criterion of "life expectancy ≥ 3 months." In Japan, CGP testing is currently indicated only after completion or near completion of standard care, often rendering patients with actionable mutations ineligible for trial enrollment due to rapid disease progression. This study suggests that in late-line settings for advanced solid tumors, ADCs provided the most favorable impact on response rates rather than CGP-matched trials. Furthermore, because high RMH scores and/or high GRIm-Scores negatively affected both PFS and OS, referring patients to early-phase trials while their general condition remains favorable may yield the greatest benefit. Delaying trial referral or initiation to prioritize enrollment in CGP-matched trials for patients at risk of deterioration may not be the optimal strategy. Several limitations should be noted. First, the study was conducted at a single center in Japan, limiting generalizability to other populations, and the influence of selection bias cannot be excluded. Second, the sample size was modest (n = 173) and included a heterogeneous mix of investigational agents and developmental phases (Phase 1 dose-escalation, Phase 1 dose-expansion, and Phase 2 cohorts). CGP-matched therapies were predominantly evaluated during dose-escalation, whereas ADCs were assessed more frequently during dose-expansion, resulting in developmental phase imbalance across groups. Treatment-type bias by cancer type was also observed; for example, no breast cancer participants were enrolled in CGP-matched trials, while a greater proportion were included in the ADCs and others groups. These factors may have influenced treatment outcomes. Third, among participants referred from other hospitals, 10 of 38 (26.3%) were lost to follow-up after clinical trial completion, potentially limiting the accuracy of survival time assessment. Improved collaboration among participants, their families, and referring institutions is essential to ensure accurate outcome tracking. In conclusion, this study suggests that ADCs in early-phase clinical trials can contribute to better therapeutic responses, and that CGP-matched trials may lead to favorable outcomes in advanced solid tumors during late-line treatment. High-risk prognostic scores were confirmed to adversely affect both PFS and OS. These findings underscore the importance of timely referral to Phase 1 facilities, avoiding overreliance on CGP outcomes and ensuring that patients are considered for enrollment while their overall condition remains favorable. This approach optimizes clinical outcomes and facilitates smooth drug development. Declarations Acknowledgements We thank all the patients who participated in the study, along with their families, as well as the investigators and their research staff for their contributions. We would also like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing. Funding The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript. Competing Interests S.K. has received grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Eisai, Ono Pharmaceutical, GSK, Daiichi Sankyo, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Merck KGaA, and Takeda; personal fees from Taiho, Novartis, Sumitomo Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rakuten Medical, ImmuniT Research, United Immunity, and PMDA (Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency); and grants from Astellas, Takara Bio Inc., Incyte, Eli Lilly/LOXO Oncology, AbbVie, Kyowa Kirin, and Syneos Health Clinical, outside the submitted work. Y.O. has received honoraria from Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Chugai pharma, and Kyowa Kirin, outside the submitted work. M.O. has received grants and personal fees from Pfizer, Astellas, and Chugai pharma, outside the submitted work. I.M., T.K., K.K., E.M., Y.A., S.F., M.Y. (Mayu Yunokawa), M.Y. (Masumi Yamazaki), N.H., I.F., T.U., and S.T. declare no conflicts of interest. Author Contribution Conceptualization: Ippei Miyamoto, Takahiro Kogawa, Yohei Arihara; Data curation: Ippei Miyamoto, Kana Kurokawa, Eriko Miyawaki; Formal analysis: Ippei Miyamoto; Investigation: Ippei Miyamoto, Kana Kurokawa, Eriko Miyawaki, Yohei Arihara; Methodology: Ippei Miyamoto, Takahiro Kogawa, Yohei Arihara; Project administration: Takahiro Kogawa; Resources: Takahiro Kogawa, Kana Kurokawa, Eriko Miyawaki, Yohei Arihara, Shota Fukuoka, Yukinori Ozaki, Makiko Ono, Mayu Yunokawa, Masumi Yamazaki, Naomi Hayashi, Ippei Fukada, Takayuki Ueno, Shunji Takahashi, Shigehisa Kitano; Supervision: Takahiro Kogawa, Yohei Arihara, Shigehisa Kitano; Writing – original draft: Ippei Miyamoto, Takahiro Kogawa, Shigehisa Kitano; Writing – review & editing: Ippei Miyamoto, Takahiro Kogawa, Kana Kurokawa, Eriko Miyawaki, Yohei Arihara, Shota Fukuoka, Yukinori Ozaki, Makiko Ono, Mayu Yunokawa, Masumi Yamazaki, Naomi Hayashi, Ippei Fukada, Takayuki Ueno, Shunji Takahashi, Shigehisa Kitano. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Data availability The datasets generated in this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. Ethics approval This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR (approval number 2022-GB-153). Consent to participate Owing to the retrospective nature of this study, the need for informed consent was waived. Consent to publish Not applicable. References Italiano A, Massard C, Bahleda R et al (2008) Treatment outcome and survival in participants of phase I oncology trials carried out from 2003 to 2006 at Institut Gustave Roussy. Ann Oncol 19:787–792. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdm548 Horstmann E, McCabe MS, Grochow L et al (2005) Risks and benefits of phase 1 oncology trials, 1991 through 2002. 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Cancers (Basel) 16:1444. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101835 Lenci E, Cantini L, Pecci F et al (2021) The Gustave Roussy Immune (GRIm)-Score Variation Is an Early-on-Treatment Biomarker of Outcome in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Treated with First-Line Pembrolizumab. J Clin Med 10:1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10051005 Shangguan J, Huang X, Liu X et al (2023) Gustave Roussy immune score is a prognostic marker in patients with small cell lung cancer undergoing immunotherapy: a real-world retrospective study. Front Oncol 13:1195499. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1195499 Tian S, Cao Y, Duan Y, Liu Q, Peng P (2021) Gustave Roussy Immune Score as a Novel Prognostic Scoring System for Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Front Oncol 11:737283. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.737283 Additional Declarations Competing interest reported. S.K. has received grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Eisai, Ono Pharmaceutical, GSK, Daiichi Sankyo, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Merck KGaA, and Takeda; personal fees from Taiho, Novartis, Sumitomo Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rakuten Medical, ImmuniT Research, United Immunity, and PMDA (Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency); and grants from Astellas, Takara Bio Inc., Incyte, Eli Lilly/LOXO Oncology, AbbVie, Kyowa Kirin, and Syneos Health Clinical, outside the submitted work. Y.O. has received honoraria from Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Chugai pharma, and Kyowa Kirin, outside the submitted work. M.O. has received grants and personal fees from Pfizer, Astellas, and Chugai pharma, outside the submitted work. I.M., T.K., K.K., E.M., Y.A., S.F., M.Y. (Mayu Yunokawa), M.Y. (Masumi Yamazaki), N.H., I.F., T.U., and S.T. declare no conflicts of interest. Supplementary Files Sup.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 22 Aug, 2025 Read the published version in Investigational New Drugs → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 25 Jul, 2025 Reviews received at journal 20 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Jun, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Jun, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 26 Jun, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 25 Jun, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Jun, 2025 First submitted to journal 23 Jun, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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rate.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6954090/v1/42a1b8e2596b72e35c065bf3.jpg"},{"id":85819192,"identity":"7a2e5807-1526-4107-a62a-2b29a9eec2a1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-02 06:12:51","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":53820,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eKaplan–Meier curves by treatment group. \u003cstrong\u003ea\u003c/strong\u003e Progression-free survival in patients treated with ADCs, CGP-matched therapy, and others. \u003cstrong\u003eb\u003c/strong\u003e Overall survival for the same treatment groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival; CI, confidence intervals; ADCs, antibody-drug conjugates; CGP, comprehensive genomic profiling; NR, not reached.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6954090/v1/c448696429ab472f50487cef.jpg"},{"id":89847830,"identity":"ce40effc-2bb9-4e9a-84ba-6eece45554df","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-25 16:44:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1768837,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6954090/v1/2115bf70-456b-4f1e-8e8c-ea594f8d2ac2.pdf"},{"id":85819579,"identity":"ea8fd9b0-f894-4107-a3ce-fbfc36a5dd86","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-02 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S.K. has received grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Eisai, Ono Pharmaceutical, GSK, Daiichi Sankyo, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Merck KGaA, and Takeda; personal fees from Taiho, Novartis, Sumitomo Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rakuten Medical, ImmuniT Research, United Immunity, and PMDA (Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency); and grants from Astellas, Takara Bio Inc., Incyte, Eli Lilly/LOXO Oncology, AbbVie, Kyowa Kirin, and Syneos Health Clinical, outside the submitted work. Y.O. has received honoraria from Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Chugai pharma, and Kyowa Kirin, outside the submitted work. M.O. has received grants and personal fees from Pfizer, Astellas, and Chugai pharma, outside the submitted work. I.M., T.K., K.K., E.M., Y.A., S.F., M.Y. (Mayu Yunokawa), M.Y. (Masumi Yamazaki), N.H., I.F., T.U., and S.T. declare no conflicts of interest.","formattedTitle":"Clinical Potential of Antibody–Drug Conjugates in Early-Phase Clinical Trials for Late-Line Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn the development of new cancer therapies, early-phase drug development\u0026mdash;including Phase 1 (P1) oncology trials\u0026mdash;primarily aims to determine safety and tolerability. Until 20\u0026ndash;30 years ago, response rates in these trials were \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;10% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Recently, however, novel agents with potential to reduce tumor burden and improve prognosis have emerged, even among P1 trial candidates. Moreover, a growing number of trials now assess therapeutic efficacy during the expansion phase of P1 clinical trials. Given the median prognosis for patients with late-line solid tumors is approximately 6\u0026ndash;14 months [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR4 CR5 CR6 CR7 CR8 CR9 CR10 CR11 CR12 CR13\" citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e], early-phase clinical trials are increasingly regarded as viable treatment options. Despite this, their clinical benefits remain underrecognized in routine practice, often leading to hesitancy among physicians to recommend P1 trial referral.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenotype-matched therapy based on comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) has gained significant attention in recent years. Following completion of standard-of-care therapies, favorable prognoses have also been reported in patients treated with CGP-guided therapy [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. CGP is now commonly performed at the end of standard treatment, and patients with actionable mutations\u0026mdash;but lacking approved targeted agents\u0026mdash;are frequently referred to P1 trial centers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, clinical trials impose strict eligibility criteria to ensure safety, including requirements related to comorbidities and organ function. Consequently, many patients with actionable mutations are deemed ineligible based on performance status or laboratory values. Additionally, numerous early-phase trials do not rely on genotype-matching but instead select participants based on cancer type, protein expression (e.g., via immunohistochemistry), or all-comer eligibility criteria.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterest in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has surged, and it remains uncertain whether CGP-matched trials consistently offer the greatest benefit. Therefore, it is essential to identify patients most likely to benefit from early-phase trials while maintaining patient safety.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to assess whether CGP-matched trials and ADCs for solid tumors in the late-line setting at our hospital were associated with improved clinical outcomes, including disease control rate (DCR), overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). We also identified prognostic factors to evaluate the benefits of early-phase clinical trials and inform appropriate patient selection. The findings are expected to provide evidence supporting the utility of early-phase clinical trials for patients with solid tumors who have completed standard-of-care therapies. Moreover, by identifying risk factors not explicitly outlined in trial protocols, this study may facilitate more refined participant selection and enhance the overall quality of future clinical trials.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy population and design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis retrospective chart review of electronic medical records was a single-center observational study conducted at the Department of Advanced Medical Development and the Department of Genomic Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), between January 2020 and December 2023. The study included patients with advanced solid tumors who were enrolled in late-line treatment clinical trials. Late-line treatment was defined as clinical trials in which inclusion criteria specified enrollment after completion of standard of care, with other treatment lines determined based on the definitions in Supplementary Table\u0026nbsp;1. The data cutoff date for this study was March 31, 2024. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR (approval number 2022-GB-153). Owing to the retrospective nature of this study, the requirement for informed consent was waived.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData collection\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe recorded participant information, including age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS), body mass index (BMI), number of prior chemotherapies, cancer type, number of metastatic sites, presence of concomitant pleural effusions or ascites, clinical trial treatment type, development phase of the investigational drug, referral source, and use of opioids. Laboratory data on serum albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were collected from pretreatment peripheral venous blood tests conducted within 14 days prior to the initiation of trial treatment. Tumor response was evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. DCR was defined as the proportion of participants achieving complete response (CR)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;partial response (PR)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;stable disease (SD). ORR was defined as the proportion achieving CR\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;PR. Participants for whom the best treatment effect could not be determined by RECIST were classified as not evaluable (NE).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eComprehensive genomic profiling testing\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, CGP testing included the four CGP tests currently covered by health insurance in Japan\u0026mdash;Oncoguide NCC Oncopanel System, FoundationOne CDx, GenMineTOP Cancer Genome Profiling System, FoundationOne Liquid CDx, and Guardant360 CDx\u0026mdash;as well as whole-genome analysis conducted through the AMED project \"the full-scale operation of cancer whole genome analysis.\" CGP-matched trials were defined as clinical trials recommended at expert panel meetings in our hospital and/or clinical trials recommended at departmental conferences based on CGP test results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePrognostic score\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) prognostic score and the Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score) were developed as prognostic biomarkers to improve participant selection in oncology phase I trials [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. The RMH score was calculated using three objective variables: LDH level (\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;upper limit of normal [ULN: 223 U/L at our hospital]: 0, \u0026gt;ULN: 1), serum albumin level (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3.5 g/dL: 0, \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;3.5 g/dL: 1), and number of metastatic sites (0\u0026ndash;2: 0, \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2: 1). The GRIm-Score is calculated by three factors of the RMH score, using NLR (\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;6: 0, \u0026gt; 6: 1) instead of the number of metastatic sites. Scores were classified as high (2 or 3) or low (0 or 1).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBMI was calculated based on height and weight before treatment and categorized as underweight (BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;18.5), considered a poor prognostic factor according to previous reports [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR20\" citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. The number of prior chemotherapies was dichotomized using the median as the cutoff value. Cutoff values for serum albumin and LDH were determined based on the prognostic score. Pretreatment LDH values were missing for 15 participants; no other laboratory data were missing. Participants with missing LDH values but classifiable by other variables were included in the evaluation. PFS was defined as the time from initial treatment to documented disease progression or death. OS was defined as the time from initial treatment to death from any cause. PFS and OS were evaluated using the Kaplan\u0026ndash;Meier method, and between-group comparisons were performed using the log-rank test. For three-group comparisons, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was first conducted to account for multiplicity; if the null hypothesis was rejected, paired comparisons were subsequently performed. \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e-values for paired comparisons were not adjusted for multiplicity when the ANOVA indicated significant differences. Univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox proportional hazards modeling were conducted to identify variables potentially associated with PFS and OS, with hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) reported. Because the GRIm-Score and RMH score share common variables, namely serum albumin level and LDH, they were analyzed separately. A \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed using EZR v.1.61 (Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePatient Characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 574 cases were referred between January 2020 and December 2023. Ultimately, 234 patients were enrolled in clinical trials, with 173 participating as late-line treatment candidates (Supplementary Fig.\u0026nbsp;1). Patients were enrolled in 37 sponsor-initiated trials (SITs) approved by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) and 2 investigator-initiated trials. By the data cutoff date, 108 patients had died, 43 were confirmed alive, and 22 were lost to follow-up. Of the 173 enrolled patients, 145 participated in clinical trials requiring completion of standard care as part of the inclusion criteria, whereas 28 were enrolled based on the criteria outlined in Supplementary Table\u0026nbsp;1.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe clinical characteristics of participants in the CGP-matched trials (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;23), ADCs (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47), and others (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;103) groups are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. All investigational drugs in the CGP\u0026ndash;matched trials were small-molecule inhibitors; details for the others group are provided in Supplementary Table\u0026nbsp;2. Male participants, those who had received\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;4 prior lines of therapy, and those referred from other hospitals were more likely to be enrolled in CGP\u0026ndash;matched trials. Regarding the development phase, CGP-matched trials had higher enrollment in the dose-escalation phases, while ADCs had lower enrollment. CGP\u0026ndash;matched trials exhibited a higher prevalence of low RMH scores, whereas ADCs demonstrated a greater incidence of high RMH scores. Additionally, CGP\u0026ndash;matched trials had greater enrollment of patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers, whereas ADCs had a higher enrollment of patients with breast cancer. The median follow-up period was 8.6 months (95% CI: 4.8\u0026ndash;16.1 months) for the CGP\u0026ndash;matched trials group, 34.0 months (95% CI: 16.8\u0026ndash;not reached [NR]) for the ADCs group, and 13.7 months (95% CI: 12.0\u0026ndash;19.0 months) for the others group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e Patient Characteristics by investigational drug modality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;173), (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGP matched (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;23), (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eADCs (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47), (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;103), (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge, median (range), years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57 (18\u0026ndash;77)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55 (18\u0026ndash;77)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56 (33\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59 (26\u0026ndash;77)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge, years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 (27.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (21.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (23.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (31.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e125 (72.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (78.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (76.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71 (68.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77 (44.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (65.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (36.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 (43.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96 (55.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (34.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (63.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58 (56.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eECOG Performance Status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98 (56.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (56.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (46.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63 (61.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75 (43.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (43.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (53,2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (38.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody mass index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;18.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (13.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (21.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (12.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;18.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149 (86.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (95.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37 (78.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 (87.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo. of prior chemotherapies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emedian (range)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106 (61.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (87.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (55.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (58.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67 (38.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (13.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 (44.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43 (41.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo. of metastatic sites\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103 (59.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (60.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (63.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59 (57.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (40.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (39.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (36.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (42.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePleural effusions or ascites\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (26.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (30.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (29.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (24.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e127 (73.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (69.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 (70.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78 (75.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment phase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edose escalation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79 (45.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (78.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (12.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55 (53.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edose expansion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76(43.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (21.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (80.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 (32.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhase Ⅱ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (10.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (6.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (14.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferral sources\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133 (76.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (56.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 (72.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86 (83.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (23.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (43.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (27.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (16.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRMH score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126 (72.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (87.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31 (66.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75 (72.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (23.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (8.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (34.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (21.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGRIm-Score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e155 (89.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (87.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 (87.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94 (91.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (9.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (13.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (12.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (6.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancer type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGastrointestinal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47 (27.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (21.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (21.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (31.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGynecologic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 (22.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (21.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (19.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (24.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreast\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27 (15.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (31.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (11.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHepatobiliary and Pancreas\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 (12.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (30.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (6.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (10.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHead and neck\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (5.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (8.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (4.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrothelial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (5.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (8.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (10.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoft tissue tumor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (4.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (5.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLung\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (3.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (2.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (4.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMelanoma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (1.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroendocrine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (1.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (2.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarcinoma of unknown primary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003ePercentages are based on \u0026ldquo;N\u0026rdquo; values.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eRMH score, The Royal Marsden Hospital prognostic score; GRIm-Score, Gustave Roussy Immune score; CGP, comprehensive genomic profiling; ADCs, antibody-drug conjugates.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients who transitioned to best supportive care (BSC) without proceeding to subsequent treatment included 8 participants (34.8%) in the CGP-matched trials group (6 unknown [26.1%], 0 ongoing treatment [0%]), 13 participants (27.7%) in the ADCs group (2 unknown [4.3%], 5 ongoing treatment [10.6%]), and 38 participants (36.9%) in the others group (8 unknown [7.8%], 2 ongoing treatment [1.9%]). Among participants unable to proceed to subsequent treatment, those with a high RMH score were more frequently observed in the ADCs group (8 cases, 61.5%) compared with the CGP-matched trials group (0 cases, 0%) and the others group (10 cases, 26.3%), indicating a higher tendency in the ADCs group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eClinical outcomes\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ORR among all participants was 12.1%, and the DCR was 44.5%. Two participants were not evaluable for response. The ORR and DCR were 4.3% and 39.1% in the CGP-matched trials group, 31.9% and 68.1% in the ADCs group, and 4.9% and 35.0% in the others group, respectively (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Eight cases were not evaluable for reduction/enlargement rates. The ADCs group demonstrated encouraging ORR and DCR outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe median PFS in the ADCs group was significantly longer than in the CGP-matched trials group and others group (ADCs group vs. CGP-matched trials group, median PFS: 4.0 vs. 1.9 months, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.008; ADCs group vs. others group, median PFS: 4.0 vs. 1.7 months, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0006; Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003ea). In contrast, no significant differences in OS were observed across treatment types (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eb).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurthermore, participants with a high RMH score exhibited poorer OS compared to those with a low RMH score (low RMH score group vs. high RMH score group, median OS: 12.1 vs. 7.4 months, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0009; Supplementary Fig.\u0026nbsp;2a). A similar trend was observed in the high GRIm-Score group, which also had poorer OS compared to the low GRIm-Score group (low GRIm-Score group vs. high GRIm-Score group, median OS: 11.6 vs. 3.6 months, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000005; Supplementary Fig.\u0026nbsp;2b).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAnalysis of prognostic factors\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe RMH score was evaluable in 166 participants, and the GRIm-Score in 171 participants. Univariate and multivariate analyses of PFS and OS were conducted based on patient characteristics. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that a high RMH score and a high GRIm-Score were associated with poor PFS, whereas the use of ADCs was associated with favorable PFS. CGP-matched therapy was not associated with improved PFS (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Additionally, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that a high RMH score, a high GRIm-Score, and the presence of pleural effusions and/or ascites were associated with poor OS, whereas CGP-matched therapy was associated with favorable OS. The use of ADCs was not associated with improved OS (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). When the analysis was restricted to participants in the ADCs group with low prognostic scores and no pleural effusions and/or ascites, no statistically significant difference in OS was observed compared to the non-ADCs group (CGP-matched trials and others); however, a trend toward improved OS was noted in the ADCs group (ADCs group vs. non-ADCs group, median OS: 13.9 vs. 10.2 months, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.240; Supplementary Fig.\u0026nbsp;3).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for progression-free survival.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHR (95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHR (95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHR (95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.309 (0.953\u0026ndash;1.797)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.096\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.231 (0.739\u0026ndash;2.052)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.425\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.237(0.740\u0026ndash;2.070)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.417\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.929 (0.650\u0026ndash;1.328)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.687\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.957 (0.647\u0026ndash;1.415)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.824\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.870 (0.582\u0026ndash;1.299)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.495\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eECOG Performance Status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.045 (0.763\u0026ndash;1.430)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.785\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.907 (0.623\u0026ndash;1.320)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.609\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.959 (0.659\u0026ndash;1.396)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.827\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody mass index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;18.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.225 (0.775\u0026ndash;3.742)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.385\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.187 (0.682\u0026ndash;2.065)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.545\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.364 (0.786\u0026ndash;2.366)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.269\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;18.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreast cancer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.680 (0.4322\u0026ndash;1.069)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.094\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.495 (0.653\u0026ndash;3.424)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.341\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.469 (0.624\u0026ndash;3.461)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.379\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHepatobiliary and Pancreas cancer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.691 (1.031\u0026ndash;2.772)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.037\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.698 (0.876\u0026ndash;3.291)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.117\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.836 (0.944\u0026ndash;3.569)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.073\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGastrointestinal cancer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.268 (0.895\u0026ndash;1.797)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.294 (0.740\u0026ndash;2.264)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.366\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.448 (0.839\u0026ndash;2.497)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.184\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHead and neck cancer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.561 (0.820\u0026ndash;2.974)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.175\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.622 (0.721\u0026ndash;3.648)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.242\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.552 (0.664\u0026ndash;3.628)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.311\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGynecologic cancer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.817 (0.563\u0026ndash;1.187)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.289\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.043 (0.522\u0026ndash;2.085)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.906\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.129 (0.556\u0026ndash;2.294)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.737\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo. of prior chemotherapies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.819 (0.595\u0026ndash;1.126)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.219\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.778 (0.515\u0026ndash;1.176)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.234\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.704 (0.465\u0026ndash;1.067)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.098\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePleural effusions and/or ascites\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.149 (0.809\u0026ndash;1.631)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.439\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.362 (0.906\u0026ndash;2.049)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.138\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.264 (0.837\u0026ndash;1.908)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.266\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment stage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edose escalation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.984 (0.680\u0026ndash;1.423)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.930\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.109 (0.756\u0026ndash;1.625)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.598\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.105 (0.747\u0026ndash;1.634)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.617\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edose expansion, PhaseⅡ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferral sources\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.860 (0.617-1.200)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.376\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.846 (0.555\u0026ndash;1.290)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.437\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.797 (0.522\u0026ndash;1.217)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.293\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of opioids\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.389 (0.908\u0026ndash;2.124)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.130\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.481 (0.895\u0026ndash;2.451)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.329 (0.795\u0026ndash;2.220)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.278\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eADC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.515 (0.354\u0026ndash;0.749)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.418 (0.262\u0026ndash;0.667)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.455 (0.287\u0026ndash;0.721)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGP matched therapy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.216 (0.774\u0026ndash;1.910)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.396\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.685 (0.393\u0026ndash;1.194)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.742 (0.415\u0026ndash;1.326)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.313\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGRIm-Score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.343 (1.385\u0026ndash;3.966)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.716 (1.490\u0026ndash;4.951)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRMH score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.499 (1.030\u0026ndash;2.182)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.034\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.645 (1.076\u0026ndash;2.515)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003eADCs, antibody-drug conjugates; CGP, comprehensive genomic profiling; GRIm-Score, Gustave Roussy Immune score; RMH score, The Royal Marsden Hospital prognostic score; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for overall survival\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHR (95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHR (95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHR (95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.955 (1.315\u0026ndash;2.904)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.456 (0.816-2.600)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.204\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.755 (0.956\u0026ndash;3.220)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.070\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.103 (0.718\u0026ndash;1.693)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.655\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.209 (0.751\u0026ndash;1.948)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.435\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.017 (0.621\u0026ndash;1.665)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.947\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eECOG Performance Status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.395 (0.953\u0026ndash;2.043)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.087\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.067 (0.696\u0026ndash;1.637)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.765\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.093 (0.7084\u0026ndash;1.687)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.687\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody mass index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;18.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.146 (1.230\u0026ndash;3.742)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.690 (0.862\u0026ndash;3.316)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.127\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.161 (1.075\u0026ndash;4.345)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.031\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;18.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreast cancer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.413 (0.195\u0026ndash;0.598)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.382 (0.135\u0026ndash;1.086)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.071\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.545 (0.183\u0026ndash;1.626)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.276\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHepatobiliary and Pancreas cancer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.475 (1.386\u0026ndash;4.423)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.502 (0.659\u0026ndash;3.425)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.334\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.932 (0.840\u0026ndash;4.441)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.121\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGastrointestinal cancer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.428 (0.949\u0026ndash;2.149)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.087\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.938 (0.432\u0026ndash;2.036)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.872\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.156 (0.541\u0026ndash;2.474)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.708\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHead and neck cancer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.450 (1.269\u0026ndash;4.732)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.873 (0.783\u0026ndash;4.477)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.158\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.922 (0.774\u0026ndash;4.770)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGynecologic cancer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.762 (0.453\u0026ndash;1.281)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.305\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.645 (0.269\u0026ndash;1.547)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.326\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.906 (0.367\u0026ndash;2.240)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.831\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo. of prior chemotherapies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.561 (0.378\u0026ndash;0.833)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.719 (0.413\u0026ndash;1.253)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.245\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.552 (0.321\u0026ndash;0.949)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePleural effusions and/or ascites\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.558 (1.021\u0026ndash;2.378)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.040\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.401 (1.435\u0026ndash;4.019)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.281 (1.353\u0026ndash;3.846)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment stage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edose escalation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.974 (0.665\u0026ndash;1.428)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.894\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.257 (0.794\u0026ndash;1.989)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.329\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.232 (0.763\u0026ndash;1.991)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.394\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edose expansion, PhaseⅡ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferral sources\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.236 (0.767\u0026ndash;1.994)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.384\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.003 (0.574\u0026ndash;1.754)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.991\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.011 (0.557\u0026ndash;1.834)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.971\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of opioids\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.882 (1.094\u0026ndash;3.237)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.509 (1.322\u0026ndash;4.761)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.955 (0.992\u0026ndash;3.855)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eADC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.892 (0.588\u0026ndash;1.354)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.592\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.764 (0.456\u0026ndash;1.278)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.305\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.907 (0.546\u0026ndash;1.507)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.706\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGP matched therapy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.779 (0.393\u0026ndash;1.545)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.475\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.389 (0.177\u0026ndash;0.857)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.412 (0.177\u0026ndash;0.954)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.039\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGRIm-Score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.496 (1.973\u0026ndash;6.193)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.00002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.724 (1.854\u0026ndash;7.478)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRMH score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.017 (1.324\u0026ndash;3.073)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.012 (1.186\u0026ndash;3.414)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003eADCs, antibody-drug conjugates; CGP, comprehensive genomic profiling; GRIm-Score, Gustave Roussy Immune score; RMH score, The Royal Marsden Hospital prognostic score; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003eADCs, antibody-drug conjugates; CGP, comprehensive genomic profiling; ORR, objective response rate; DCR, disease control rate.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003ePFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival; CI, confidence intervals; ADCs, antibody-drug conjugates; CGP, comprehensive genomic profiling; NR, not reached.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, CGP-matched trials did not demonstrate favorable OS in the Kaplan\u0026ndash;Meier analysis for patients with advanced solid tumors following completion of standard care; however, multivariate analysis indicated an association with improved prognosis. Although ADCs were not associated with prolonged OS, they were linked to favorable response rates and improved PFS. Additionally, high RMH score and GRIm-Score were associated with poor PFS and OS. While treatment response by type has been reported in Phase 1 cancer therapeutic trials [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e], studies specifically including ADCs remain limited. Moreover, most clinical trials in this study were SITs, emphasizing the study\u0026rsquo;s relevance in supporting the clinical implementation of next-generation therapies based on new agents and refining patient selection strategies for such trials.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn recent years, early phase clinical trials, including Phase 1 trials, have improved response rates compared to those 20\u0026ndash;30 years ago. The response rate significantly increased over time, rising from 9.6% during 2000\u0026ndash;2005 to 18.0% during 2013\u0026ndash;2019 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the report by Chihara et al. was based on National Cancer Institute\u0026ndash;sponsored Phase 1 trials, where most responses were observed with combination therapies, while monotherapy continued to yield lower response rates. Since 2020, the clinical development of ADCs has accelerated alongside immunotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies. ADCs have demonstrated favorable responses in early-phase trials, even in patients following completion of standard care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. However, ADC therapy did not result in prolonged OS in this study. The ADCs group included a higher proportion of participants with high RMH scores, and a relatively large number (8 participants, 61.5%) transitioned to BSC without receiving subsequent treatment, which may have contributed to the lack of OS improvement.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditionally, CGP-matched trials in this study were associated with favorable OS in the multivariate analysis, despite no significant improvement in ORR or PFS. Although previous studies suggested genotype-matched investigational drugs improved response and prognosis [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR27\" citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e], some reports did not specify the investigational drug development phase. Moreover, the types of agents varied widely, including small-molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, cytotoxic agents, and ADCs. In contrast, all CGP-matched trials in this study involved small-molecule inhibitors. Among 23 participants enrolled, 18 (78.3%) participated in trials conducted during the dose-escalation phase. Pancreatic cancer accounted for a relatively large proportion of cases (6 participants, 26.1%) compared to the ADCs and others groups. Response rates in Phase 1 trials for pancreatic and colorectal cancers are generally low [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e], with reported response rates for pancreatic cancer being \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2%, indicating few patients benefited from investigational drugs to date. In this study, among the nine participants with pancreatic or colorectal cancer in CGP-matched trials, five had PD as the best response, and tumor shrinkage was observed in only one case. Improving response rates and survival outcomes with CGP-matched therapies will require advancing agents beyond dose-escalation phases and developing drugs with novel mechanisms of action.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study also highlighted the impact of general condition on PFS and OS. The RMH score and GRIm-Score, both reflecting systemic health, are recognized determinants of OS and PFS in clinical practice [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR30 CR31\" citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Other prognostic factors identified, such as pleural effusions and/or ascites, also reflect tumor burden and general condition. The overlap of these risk factors likely results in participants not meeting the typical trial inclusion criterion of \"life expectancy\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3 months.\" In Japan, CGP testing is currently indicated only after completion or near completion of standard care, often rendering patients with actionable mutations ineligible for trial enrollment due to rapid disease progression.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study suggests that in late-line settings for advanced solid tumors, ADCs provided the most favorable impact on response rates rather than CGP-matched trials. Furthermore, because high RMH scores and/or high GRIm-Scores negatively affected both PFS and OS, referring patients to early-phase trials while their general condition remains favorable may yield the greatest benefit. Delaying trial referral or initiation to prioritize enrollment in CGP-matched trials for patients at risk of deterioration may not be the optimal strategy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeveral limitations should be noted. First, the study was conducted at a single center in Japan, limiting generalizability to other populations, and the influence of selection bias cannot be excluded. Second, the sample size was modest (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;173) and included a heterogeneous mix of investigational agents and developmental phases (Phase 1 dose-escalation, Phase 1 dose-expansion, and Phase 2 cohorts). CGP-matched therapies were predominantly evaluated during dose-escalation, whereas ADCs were assessed more frequently during dose-expansion, resulting in developmental phase imbalance across groups. Treatment-type bias by cancer type was also observed; for example, no breast cancer participants were enrolled in CGP-matched trials, while a greater proportion were included in the ADCs and others groups. These factors may have influenced treatment outcomes. Third, among participants referred from other hospitals, 10 of 38 (26.3%) were lost to follow-up after clinical trial completion, potentially limiting the accuracy of survival time assessment. Improved collaboration among participants, their families, and referring institutions is essential to ensure accurate outcome tracking.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, this study suggests that ADCs in early-phase clinical trials can contribute to better therapeutic responses, and that CGP-matched trials may lead to favorable outcomes in advanced solid tumors during late-line treatment. High-risk prognostic scores were confirmed to adversely affect both PFS and OS. These findings underscore the importance of timely referral to Phase 1 facilities, avoiding overreliance on CGP outcomes and ensuring that patients are considered for enrollment while their overall condition remains favorable. This approach optimizes clinical outcomes and facilitates smooth drug development.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe thank all the patients who participated in the study, along with their families, as well as the investigators and their research staff for their contributions. We would also like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eS.K. has received grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Eisai, Ono Pharmaceutical, GSK, Daiichi Sankyo, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Merck KGaA, and Takeda; personal fees from Taiho, Novartis, Sumitomo Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rakuten Medical, ImmuniT Research, United Immunity, and PMDA (Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency); and grants from Astellas, Takara Bio Inc., Incyte, Eli Lilly/LOXO Oncology, AbbVie, Kyowa Kirin, and Syneos Health Clinical, outside the submitted work. Y.O. has received honoraria from Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Chugai pharma, and Kyowa Kirin, outside the submitted work. M.O. has received grants and personal fees from Pfizer, Astellas, and Chugai pharma, outside the submitted work. I.M., T.K., K.K., E.M., Y.A., S.F., M.Y. (Mayu Yunokawa), M.Y. (Masumi Yamazaki), N.H., I.F., T.U., and S.T. declare no conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConceptualization: Ippei Miyamoto, Takahiro Kogawa, Yohei Arihara; Data curation: Ippei Miyamoto, Kana Kurokawa, Eriko Miyawaki; Formal analysis: Ippei Miyamoto; Investigation: Ippei Miyamoto, Kana Kurokawa, Eriko Miyawaki, Yohei Arihara; Methodology: Ippei Miyamoto, Takahiro Kogawa, Yohei Arihara; Project administration: Takahiro Kogawa; Resources: Takahiro Kogawa, Kana Kurokawa, Eriko Miyawaki, Yohei Arihara, Shota Fukuoka, Yukinori Ozaki, Makiko Ono, Mayu Yunokawa, Masumi Yamazaki, Naomi Hayashi, Ippei Fukada, Takayuki Ueno, Shunji Takahashi, Shigehisa Kitano; Supervision: Takahiro Kogawa, Yohei Arihara, Shigehisa Kitano; Writing – original draft: Ippei Miyamoto, Takahiro Kogawa, Shigehisa Kitano; Writing – review \u0026amp; editing: Ippei Miyamoto, Takahiro Kogawa, Kana Kurokawa, Eriko Miyawaki, Yohei Arihara, Shota Fukuoka, Yukinori Ozaki, Makiko Ono, Mayu Yunokawa, Masumi Yamazaki, Naomi Hayashi, Ippei Fukada, Takayuki Ueno, Shunji Takahashi, Shigehisa Kitano. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated in this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR (approval number 2022-GB-153).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOwing to the retrospective nature of this study, the need for informed consent was waived.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to publish\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eItaliano A, Massard C, Bahleda R et al (2008) Treatment outcome and survival in participants of phase I oncology trials carried out from 2003 to 2006 at Institut Gustave Roussy. 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Front Oncol 11:737283. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.737283\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3389/fonc.2021.737283\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"investigational-new-drugs","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"drug","sideBox":"Learn more about [Investigational New Drugs](https://www.springer.com/journal/10637)","snPcode":"10637","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10637/3","title":"Investigational New Drugs","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"early-phase clinical trials, advanced solid tumor, late-line treatment, genotype-matched therapy, antibody-drug conjugates","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6954090/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6954090/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction\u003c/strong\u003e: Recently, comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP)-matched therapy and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have garnered increased attention. However, their response rates and prognoses in early-phase clinical trials are not yet widely appreciated in clinical practice.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with advanced solid tumors who enrolled in clinical trials as a late-line treatment in our department between January 2020 and December 2023. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes, including overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and associated prognostic factors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e: A total of 574 cases were referred, including 173 in the late-line setting. The ADCs group achieved the highest ORR and DCR (31.9% and 68.1%, respectively). ADCs also demonstrated a longer median progression-free survival (PFS) compared to CGP-matched and other trials (median PFS: ADCs 4.0 months vs. CGP-matched trials 1.9 months vs. others 1.7 months; \u003cem\u003ep \u003c/em\u003e= 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified ADCs as significantly associated with improved PFS, while CGP-matched therapy was associated with better OS.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions\u003c/strong\u003e: The findings suggest that, even in early phase clinical trials for the late-line setting, ADCs can enhance therapeutic responses. These results underscore the need to avoid overreliance on CGP outcomes and instead prioritize early referral to Phase 1 facilities and timely intervention to achieve optimal patient outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Clinical Potential of Antibody–Drug Conjugates in Early-Phase Clinical Trials for Late-Line Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-02 06:12:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6954090/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-07-25T15:00:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-07-20T04:23:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"7109572172851209025937523400369843578","date":"2025-06-30T10:38:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"296539935469191272342767269192868883449","date":"2025-06-26T13:44:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-06-26T04:52:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-06-26T02:55:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-06-26T02:55:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Investigational New Drugs","date":"2025-06-23T07:38:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"investigational-new-drugs","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"drug","sideBox":"Learn more about [Investigational New Drugs](https://www.springer.com/journal/10637)","snPcode":"10637","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10637/3","title":"Investigational New Drugs","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"68aee111-da4d-4725-b9a5-aa75dbcce06a","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 2nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-25T16:40:31+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6954090","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10637-025-01576-x","journal":{"identity":"investigational-new-drugs","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Investigational New Drugs"},"publishedOn":"2025-08-22 16:29:34","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 22nd, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-02 06:12:46","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10637-025-01576-x","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10637-025-01576-x","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6954090","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6954090","identity":"rs-6954090","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}