Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

In: Gynecological Imaging · 2013 · pp. 759–783 · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31012-6_33 · W2913349334
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AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06+body, 2026-06-14

This chapter discusses pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and references various imaging modalities and diagnostic techniques, including laparoscopy, ultrasound, CT, and MRI, for its evaluation and management.

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This chapter provides an overview of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and the diagnostic imaging approaches used to evaluate suspected acute PID and related tubo-ovarian infections, drawing on studies that compare laparoscopy with clinical tests and evaluate transvaginal ultrasound, Doppler, CT, and MRI findings. It reports that imaging features such as sonographic demonstration of salpingitis and dilated fallopian tubes, Doppler changes, and CT/MR/MRI appearances of tubo-ovarian abscesses can be correlated with laparoscopic or proven diagnoses, while noting potential diagnostic confusion (e.g., salpingitis vs appendicitis) and limits of specific test modalities. A stated caveat across the cited literature is the variability in diagnostic accuracy and the dependence on correlation with reference standards rather than imaging alone. Relevance to endometriosis: endometriosis is not explicitly discussed in the provided text of this PID imaging chapter; it was included in the corpus via keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

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References

Molander P et al (2000) Laparoscopic management of suspected acute pelvic inflammatory disease. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 7(1):107–110 Paavonen J et al (1985) Comparison of endometrial biopsy and peritoneal fluid cytologic testing with laparoscopy in the diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 151(5):645–650 Sellors J et al (1991) The accuracy of clinical findings and laparoscopy in pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164(1 Pt 1):113–120 Patten RM et al (1990) Pelvic inflammatory disease. Endovaginal sonography with laparoscopic correlation. J Ultrasound Med 9(12):681–689 Rowling SE, Ramchandani P (1996) Imaging of the fallopian tubes. Semin Roentgenol 31(4):299–311 Terry J, Forrest T (1989) Sonographic demonstration of salpingitis. Potential confusion with appendicitis. J Ultrasound Med 8(1):39–41 Puylaert JB (1986) Acute appendicitis: US evaluation using graded compression. Radiology 158(2):355–360 Jeffrey RB Jr, Laing FC, Lewis FR (1987) Acute appendicitis: high-resolution real-time US findings. Radiology 163(1):11–14 Deutsch A, Leopold GR (1981) Ultrasonic demonstration of the inflamed appendix: case report. Radiology 140(1):163–164 Molander P et al (2001) Transvaginal power Doppler findings in laparoscopically proven acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 17(3):233–238 Tinkanen H, Kujansuu E (1993) Doppler ultrasound findings in tubo-ovarian infectious complex. J Clin Ultrasound 21(3):175–178 Orlandi C, Dunn CJ, Cutshaw LG (1988) Evaluation of angiogenesis in chronic inflammation by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Clin Sci (Lond) 74(2):119–121 Tessler FN et al (1989) Endovaginal sonographic diagnosis of dilated fallopian tubes. AJR Am J Roentgenol 153(3):523–525 Timor-Tritsch IE, Rottem S (1987) Transvaginal ultrasonographic study of the fallopian tube. Obstet Gynecol 70(3 Pt 1):424–428 Timor-Tritsch IE et al (1998) Transvaginal sonographic markers of tubal inflammatory disease. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 12(1):56–66 Sam JW, Jacobs JE, Birnbaum BA (2002) Spectrum of CT findings in acute pyogenic pelvic inflammatory disease. Radiographics 22(6):1327–1334 Outwater EK et al (1998) Dilated fallopian tubes: MR imaging characteristics. Radiology 208(2):463–469 Clement PB (2002) Nonneoplastic lesions of the ovary. In: Kurman RJ (ed) Blaustein’s pathology of the female genital tract. Springer, New-York, pp 675–727 Ha HK et al (1995) MR imaging of tubo-ovarian abscess. Acta Radiol 36(5):510–514 Teisala K, Heinonen PK, Punnonen R (1990) Transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of tubo-ovarian abscess. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 97(2):178–180 Callen PW (1979) Computed tomographic evaluation of abdominal and pelvic abscesses. Radiology 131(1):171–175 Wilbur AC, Aizenstein RI, Napp TE (1992) CT findings in tuboovarian abscess. AJR Am J Roentgenol 158(3):575–579 Ellis JH et al (1991) CT findings in tuboovarian abscess. J Comput Assist Tomogr 15(4):589–592 Mitchell DG et al (1987) Adnexal masses: MR imaging observations at 1.5T, with US and CT correlation. Radiology 162(2):319–324 Pace EH, Voet RL, Melancon JT (1984) Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis: an inflammatory pseudotumor of the ovary. Int J Gynecol Pathol 3(4):398–402 Quan A, Charles D, Craig JM (1963) Histologic and functional consequences of periovarian adhesions. Obstet Gynecol 22:96–101 Bulas DI et al (1992) Pelvic inflammatory disease in the adolescent: comparison of transabdominal and transvaginal sonographic evaluation. Radiology 183(2):435–439 Phillips JC (1974) A spectrum of radiologic abnormalities due to tubo-ovarian abscess. Radiology 110(2):307–311 Martin DC, Khare VK, Miller BE (1995) Association of Chlamydia trachomatis immunoglobulin gamma titers with dystrophic peritoneal calcification, psammoma bodies, adhesions, and hydrosalpinges. Fertil Steril 63(1):39–44 Author information Authors and Affiliations Rights and permissions Copyright information © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg About this chapter Cite this chapter Buy, J.N., Ghossain, M. (2013). Pelvic Inflammatory Disease . In: Gynecological Imaging. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31012-6_33 Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31012-6_33 Published: Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg Print ISBN: 978-3-642-31011-9 Online ISBN: 978-3-642-31012-6 eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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