Seismic response and whipping effect of a three-dimensional isolation ancient brick pagoda

Seismic response and whipping effect of a three-dimensional isolation ancient brick pagoda | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Seismic response and whipping effect of a three-dimensional isolation ancient brick pagoda Kangjie Ling, Dewen Liu, Jiayu Zhou, Yandie Zhang, Junkang He, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5452721/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Ancient brick pagodas reflect cultural exchanges, religious beliefs, historical changes and social-cultural influences. However, as a masonry building, it is composed of a typical brittle material exhibiting pronounced anisotropic properties. The material's tensile strength is significantly inferior to its compressive strength, which may result in substantial damage to the pagoda structure during seismic events. Simultaneously, the abrupt alteration in rigidity at the top of the ancient brick pagoda has resulted in a pronounced whipping effect, significantly endangering the integrity of the structure. Due to their inadequate anti-seismic protection, modern isolation technology is employed to safeguard ancient brick pagodas. The finite-element software ABAQUS is utilized to model ancient brick pagodas and perform time-history analysis. The results indicate that both horizontal and three-dimensional isolation technologies exhibit effective earthquake mitigation under the action of earthquakes. Horizontal isolation significantly reduces horizontal shear force, acceleration, and structural damage. Meanwhile, three-dimensional isolation further alleviates vertical axial force and vertical acceleration, thereby strengthening the structure's robustness. Additionally, both isolation techniques effectively mitigate the whipping effect of the pagoda spire. To sum up, isolation technology, especially three-dimensional isolation technology, can greatly improve the seismic performance of ancient brick pagodas and reduce the risk of damage and collapse during earthquakes. These studies provide a scientific basis for the anti-seismic retrofit of ancient brick pagodas and are of great significance for the protection of this type of cultural heritage. Time-history analysis Ancient brick pagoda Three-dimensional isolation ABAQUS Whipping effect Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5452721","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":381992759,"identity":"c1e47700-7acc-41aa-93d0-0ed0bcaa1375","order_by":0,"name":"Kangjie Ling","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kangjie","middleName":"","lastName":"Ling","suffix":""},{"id":381992760,"identity":"d1885363-7db1-44f4-93bb-758dfd8bb040","order_by":1,"name":"Dewen Liu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA40lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZgaGAw8YLHgYGBJAXBsGNqK0JDBIwLSkEaEFBIBaGKBaDhNWzd/OYwiyRcbgePIxiY87ztvzSTc/YPhRsQ2nFonDPAZghxmceZYmOfPM7cQ2mWMGjD1nbuPUYsDMlgDRciPH7DZv2+0ENokEA2bGNqK05H+7/bftnD2bRPoHAlqYD8BsYbvN2HaAsU0iB78tEoehWiTPPDP/2duWnAjUUnAQn1/4+w82f/jAYGPPdzz5scHPNjt7+RnpGx/8qMCtBQwY/6EJHMCvfhSMglEwCkYBIQAAgvZS0GwYXAMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dewen","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":381992761,"identity":"2f8d46d1-a91a-459d-998e-c84198f4b112","order_by":2,"name":"Jiayu Zhou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiayu","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""},{"id":381992762,"identity":"7989c1b4-48e8-4166-91a7-53072b313f62","order_by":3,"name":"Yandie Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yandie","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":381992763,"identity":"c062b5cc-6f0d-4437-aa5b-d6045e20e4e0","order_by":4,"name":"Junkang He","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Junkang","middleName":"","lastName":"He","suffix":""},{"id":381992764,"identity":"dde4cf12-aab7-42e8-8dfa-a8d6dc367151","order_by":5,"name":"Jianhua Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wenzhou Polytechnic","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jianhua","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-11-14 09:38:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5452721/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5452721/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":86784929,"identity":"cc961a23-aa24-470d-968c-f6da2bcf33ce","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-15 14:02:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1544087,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5452721/v1_covered_f60ce285-fe0a-4d97-9d04-6dfd070fc52e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Seismic response and whipping effect of a three-dimensional isolation ancient brick pagoda","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Time-history analysis, Ancient brick pagoda, Three-dimensional isolation, ABAQUS, Whipping effect","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5452721/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5452721/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAncient brick pagodas reflect cultural exchanges, religious beliefs, historical changes and social-cultural influences. However, as a masonry building, it is composed of a typical brittle material exhibiting pronounced anisotropic properties. The material's tensile strength is significantly inferior to its compressive strength, which may result in substantial damage to the pagoda structure during seismic events. Simultaneously, the abrupt alteration in rigidity at the top of the ancient brick pagoda has resulted in a pronounced whipping effect, significantly endangering the integrity of the structure. Due to their inadequate anti-seismic protection, modern isolation technology is employed to safeguard ancient brick pagodas. The finite-element software ABAQUS is utilized to model ancient brick pagodas and perform time-history analysis. The results indicate that both horizontal and three-dimensional isolation technologies exhibit effective earthquake mitigation under the action of earthquakes. Horizontal isolation significantly reduces horizontal shear force, acceleration, and structural damage. Meanwhile, three-dimensional isolation further alleviates vertical axial force and vertical acceleration, thereby strengthening the structure's robustness. Additionally, both isolation techniques effectively mitigate the whipping effect of the pagoda spire. To sum up, isolation technology, especially three-dimensional isolation technology, can greatly improve the seismic performance of ancient brick pagodas and reduce the risk of damage and collapse during earthquakes. These studies provide a scientific basis for the anti-seismic retrofit of ancient brick pagodas and are of great significance for the protection of this type of cultural heritage.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Seismic response and whipping effect of a three-dimensional isolation ancient brick pagoda","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-16 03:13:56","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5452721/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"210c701a-5cc1-4f5c-8384-370213db37a0","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 16th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-15T13:54:03+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-16 03:13:56","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5452721","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5452721","identity":"rs-5452721","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}