A SOC control method for reducing capacitor voltage fluctuations in MMC-BESS

A SOC control method for reducing capacitor voltage fluctuations in MMC-BESS | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A SOC control method for reducing capacitor voltage fluctuations in MMC-BESS Zhan Liu, Kai Zhang, Daopeng Ren, Junru Chen, Weiling Pu, Guifeng Wang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4579263/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The Modular Multilevel Converter-Battery Energy Storage System (MMC-BESS) possesses considerable potential for diverse applications. However, when controlling the State-of-Charge (SOC) balancing among various energy storage units, the utilization of circulating currents often leads to increased voltage fluctuations in the capacitors of individual units. To address this issue, a submodule battery SOC balancing control strategy is proposed, which does not require additional control measures on the MMC. Instead, SOC balancing is achieved through the switching control of bidirectional DC/DC converters. Initially, the power transfer relationships within the MMC-BESS are derived, and the principles of battery SOC balancing are studied based on its mathematical model. By solely adjusting the duty cycles of the bidirectional DC/DC converter switches, the achievement of SOC balance among the three phases and within the individual phase during the charging and discharging of the submodule is accomplished without any adverse impact on the capacitance of the submodule. Finally, the performance of the proposed controller is successfully validated through the construction of a main circuit on the Typhoon HIL402 Hardware-in-the-Loop experimental platform. Modular multilevel converter Battery energy storage system Bidirectional DC/DC converter SOC balancing Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4579263","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":386636565,"identity":"7bd77234-5b5f-40e7-af4f-4eb549511b89","order_by":0,"name":"Zhan Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhan","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":386636566,"identity":"f1b591b1-496c-44e6-ab03-4453a02dac0a","order_by":1,"name":"Kai Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kai","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":386636567,"identity":"fd0fa888-9a65-4c70-bc87-382d571e701f","order_by":2,"name":"Daopeng Ren","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daopeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Ren","suffix":""},{"id":386636568,"identity":"de45f190-78b1-43de-8cb3-6bee1f11729d","order_by":3,"name":"Junru Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Junru","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":386636569,"identity":"397ba6a5-fbe0-4236-8389-0b7cae38ea22","order_by":4,"name":"Weiling Pu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Weiling","middleName":"","lastName":"Pu","suffix":""},{"id":386636570,"identity":"94d13f30-9a2f-461c-a579-3f58e3d3572b","order_by":5,"name":"Guifeng Wang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAy0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC+/kP2z8kVLDV97M3EKnFgCH5GMODM3yMM3sOEK0lLY3xYZsc44YbCURqMWc4Y/Yggc2M2eDm4403GGpsoglqsWzsMTdI4Eljk7ydVmzBcCwtt4GgnsM8BhIJEsd4+G7nmEkwNhwmQssxkBaD/xIMN88QqcXgDFuaREICm4HADR4itUjOYD5skHCALUGyB+iXBGL8wi/B2Pjw5z+2BH72wxtvfKixIcIvyI6USCBFOUQLqTpGwSgYBaNgZAAAuV5BHmmljIEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu Normal University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guifeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-14 03:59:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4579263/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4579263/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":79240630,"identity":"386ed28c-b498-42cb-b15b-74cf30acb2ab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-26 05:40:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2578188,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4579263/v1_covered_bfdef772-ce63-47ed-bb54-c51d6253a1f8.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A SOC control method for reducing capacitor voltage fluctuations in MMC-BESS","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Modular multilevel converter, Battery energy storage system, Bidirectional DC/DC converter, SOC balancing","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4579263/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4579263/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe Modular Multilevel Converter-Battery Energy Storage System (MMC-BESS) possesses considerable potential for diverse applications. However, when controlling the State-of-Charge (SOC) balancing among various energy storage units, the utilization of circulating currents often leads to increased voltage fluctuations in the capacitors of individual units. To address this issue, a submodule battery SOC balancing control strategy is proposed, which does not require additional control measures on the MMC. Instead, SOC balancing is achieved through the switching control of bidirectional DC/DC converters. Initially, the power transfer relationships within the MMC-BESS are derived, and the principles of battery SOC balancing are studied based on its mathematical model. By solely adjusting the duty cycles of the bidirectional DC/DC converter switches, the achievement of SOC balance among the three phases and within the individual phase during the charging and discharging of the submodule is accomplished without any adverse impact on the capacitance of the submodule. Finally, the performance of the proposed controller is successfully validated through the construction of a main circuit on the Typhoon HIL402 Hardware-in-the-Loop experimental platform.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A SOC control method for reducing capacitor voltage fluctuations in MMC-BESS","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-17 13:58:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4579263/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f5098fa9-6671-4624-96c2-ffe1d60fae93","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 17th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-03-26T05:24:34+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-17 13:58:35","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4579263","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4579263","identity":"rs-4579263","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}