Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Females of Reproductive Age Group attending Gynaecology Dept of UOL Hospital

Amina Saleem, Safoora Anjum, Arjamand Mahmood, Razia Kosar, Fatima Naveed, Hazia Noor
In: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences · 2022 · vol. 16(3) , pp. 39–41 · doi:10.53350/pjmhs2216339 · W4224306362
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⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-06-13 ⓘ

This study identified fibroid uterus as the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-aged females attending the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, followed by adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia, and polyps.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-13 · read from full text ⓘ

This cross-sectional study evaluated 80 women of reproductive age with abnormal uterine bleeding at the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital between Nov 2020 and Nov 2021, assessing etiology through gynecologic examination and transabdominal ultrasonography, with inclusion based on heavy/prolonged bleeding and anemia thresholds and exclusion of those under 20 or with pubertal menorrhagia or postmenopausal bleeding. The most prevalent cause was fibroid uterus (62.5%), followed by adenomyosis (15%), endometrial polyps (10%), and endometrial hyperplasia (12.5%), and the study reported a high burden of anemia (70% moderate, 17.5% mild, 12.5% severe). A key limitation is that the work is limited to a single tertiary-care setting and does not address other potential causes beyond what was evaluated and confirmed by transabdominal scanning. This paper is centrally about endometriosis and/or adenomyosis—specifically adenomyosis as one of the quantified causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-age women.

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Abstract

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a prevalent problem that prompts a female to seek medical help. The most common symptom of abnormal uterine bleeding is heavy menstrual bleeding. The impact of abnormal uterine bleeding on one's quality of life is important. Aim: To determine the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Gyneacology University of Lahore Teaching Hospital Lahore over a period of one year from Nov 2020 to Nov 2021. Eighty females of reproductive age with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding were selected. All females were examined for the etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding. The females with menstrual blood loss lasting >8 days, passage of blood clots or haemoglobin concentration < l0 gm/dl were enrolled. The exclusion criteria includes the females less than 20 years of age, or with pubertal menorrhagia or postmenopausal females. Results: Out of total eighty females, 25% females belong to 42 years age group. The most prevalent etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding was fibroid uterus i.e. 62.5% cases, followed by adenomyosis (15%), endometrial polyp (10%) and endometrial hyperplasia (12.5%). Fifty females (50%) were multipara, 20 (25%) were grand multipara and 10(12.5%) were great grand multipara. Severe anemia was noted in almost 10 females (12.5%), moderate anemia in 56 cases (70%) and mild anemia in 14 cases (17.5%). Transabdominal scan was done to confirm the diagnosis of fibroid uterus, adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial polyp. Conclusion: Fibroid uterus was the commonest cause in females presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding to University of Lahore Teaching Hospital affecting quality of life in females and causing psychological problems. Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding, Menorrhagia, Metrorrhagia, Fibroid uterus, Endometrial polyps.
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Background

Abnormal uterine bleeding is a prevalent problem that prompts a female to seek medical help. The most common symptom of abnormal uterine bleeding is heavy menstrual bleeding. The impact of abnormal uterine bleeding on one's quality of life is important. Aim: To determine the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Gyneacology University of Lahore Teaching Hospital Lahore over a period of one year from Nov 2020 to Nov 2021. Eighty females of reproductive age with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding were selected. All females were examined for the etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding. The females with menstrual blood loss lasting >8 days, passage of blood clots or haemoglobin concentration < l0 gm/dl were enrolled. The exclusion criteria includes the females less than 20 years of age, or with pubertal menorrhagia or postmenopausal females.

Results

Out of total eighty females, 25% females belong to 42 years age group. The most prevalent etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding was fibroid uterus i.e. 62.5% cases, followed by adenomyosis (15%), endometrial polyp (10%) and endometrial hyperplasia (12.5%). Fifty females (50%) were multipara, 20 (25%) were grand multipara and 10(12.5%) were great grand multipara. Severe anemia was noted in almost 10 females (12.5%), moderate anemia in 56 cases (70%) and mild anemia in 14 cases (17.5%). Transabdominal scan was done to confirm the diagnosis of fibroid uterus, adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial polyp.

Conclusion

Fibroid uterus was the commonest cause in females presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding to University of Lahore Teaching Hospital affecting quality of life in females and causing psychological problems.

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