Effect of Fertilizer Type and Variety on Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) at South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Effect of Fertilizer Type and Variety on Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) at South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effect of Fertilizer Type and Variety on Growth and Yield of Potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) at South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia Bantayehu Muluneh Metaferia, Kumsa Dida Faye, Semu Yetaferu Ashagire This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3748647/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The main problem in Ethiopia is food insecurity. The potato has been recognized by the Ethiopian government as a strategic crop to increase food security and farmers' incomes. Potato yields are strongly influenced by agronomic practices such as crop management, fertilizer source and variety. The country's productivity is far below than of the world. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of fertilizer source and potato variety on growth and tuber yield. The field trial was carried out in a factorial design with the RCBD and repeated three times in each case. The experiment included four fertilizer sources (Control, DAP, NPS and NPSB) and four potato varieties (Local, Gudenie, Belete and Jalenie). During the experiment: data on growth and yield parameters were collected. Experimental results showed that the interaction between fertilizer source and variety was very significant in terms of physiological maturity, number of main shoots, average tuber weight, marketable tuber weight in t/ha and non-marketable tuber yield in t/ha. The interaction of NPBS mixed with the Jalenie cultivar was found to provide a maximum commercial tuber yield of 23.04 t/ha. Because of this, we were advised to use NPSB and urea fertilizer with variety Jalenie to get the maximum marketable tubers yield under condition of little rainfall and a prolonged dry period. Agronomy Horticulture Fertilizer Type Variety of Potatoes Growth Tuber Yield 1. Introduction The potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) is the most important root and tuber crop in the world. It is grown in more than 125 countries and consumed almost every day by more than a billion people. Hundreds of millions of people in developing countries depend on potatoes for their livelihoods (FAO, 2014). Their ability to produce food in large quantities per unit area and time (Israel et al ., 2012) and their ease of cultivation and nutritional content have made them a valuable crop for food security and for millions of farmers (FAO, 2014). Global and African annual production in 2018 was about 368.2 and 26 million tons, respectively (FAOSTAT, 2020). Ethiopia has one of the largest producers in East Africa due the agroecology and domestic consumption of the product (Tekalign, 2006; Brasesco et al ., 2019). According to 2015/16 census data a total area of ​​about 496,148.99 ha and 7.21 million tons of land was occupied and produced by root and tuber crops, of which about 296,578 ha (60%) and over 3.67 million tons (51%) potato, national productivity exceeds 12 t/ha, with average yields of advanced farmers well above 30 t/ha (CSA, 2016), but this performance is considered low compared to other countries. The use of fertilizers in Ethiopia for several years has mainly focused on the use and application of nitrogenous and phosphate fertilizers in the form of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea to almost all crops for commercial and food security purposes. Such imbalanced use of plant nutrients can exacerbate the depletion of other important soil nutrients such as K, Mg, Ca, S and micronutrients. In Ethiopia, nutrient deficiency is the most important yield-limiting factor in vegetable production (Alemu and Ermias, 2000). The use of sustainable fertilizers is the basis for achieving higher agricultural production from existing agricultural land (Amalfitano et al ., 2017; Caruso et al ., 2019). It improves sustainable production and provides nutrients to plants based on their physiological needs and expected yields (Ryan, 2008). Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of fertilizer source and potato variety on growth and yield of potato at Debub Ari, Southern Ethiopia. 2. Materials and methods Description of study area The experiment was conducted in 2022 during the main rainy season (“ Belg ”) in Debub Ari districts at the South Omo Zone of southern Ethiopia which is located 769 km from Addis Ababa 17 km from the city of Jinka at 5°52'N, 36°38'E and 1605m elevation (Shiferaw, 2014). The precipitation regime in the area is bimodal ( Belg : from February to April and Meher from July to September). The average annual precipitation of the district ranges from 601 to 1600 mm. The mean annual temperature is between 10 and 20°C (Dilamo et al ., 2021). Treatment and Experimental Design The experiment was performed in a factorial design using a three-replicate fully randomized block (RCBD) design. The trial included four potato varieties ( Belete, Gudenie, Jalenie and a Landrace ) and four fertilizer sources (control, DAP 195 + Urea 165 kg ha − 1 , NPS 236.05 + urea 151 kg ha − 1 and NPSB 237.93 + Urea 150 .72 kg ha − 1 ). Derived according to general national recommendations DAP 195 kg ha-1 (contains 89.7 kg P2O5 and 35.1 kg N) and urea 165 kg ha-1 (contains 79.2 kg N). Urea is used as a source of nitrogen fertilizer. The experimental course consisted of 16 treatment combinations. Experimental procedure Before sowing, the experimental field was ploughed four times by hand at intervals of 14 days. After soil preparation, tubers were planted (March 16, 2022) on well-prepared experimental plots of 9 m 2 (3 x 3 m; distance between plots and blocks 1m and 1.5m, respectively) and 40 seedlings were planted at a distance of 75cm x 30cm placed between rows and plants. There were 16 story arcs per block and a total of 48 story arc numbers. The type of fertilizer is applied at planting, using urea in particulate form (50% applied at planting and the remaining 50% before flowering 45 days after planting) as the main application method. Cultural practices such as weed control, cultivation and crop protection were consistently applied to all treatments as recommended by EIAR (2007). Soil Samples and Analysis Prior to surface seeding, a mixed soil sample was collected from the site characterization test field and the soil sample was collected in a zigzag pattern to a depth 30cm using an auger was used to collect the mixed sample. The collected sample was appropriately tagged, bagged and shipped to Hawassa Soil Laboratory and prepared for analysis according to standard procedures. The following soil test results were observed. Table 1 Physico-chemical properties of experimental field at Gazer (Philla FTC) N o . Parameter Analysis result N o . Parameter Analysis result 1 Soil class Clay 7 TN (%) 0.23 2 pH (H 2 O) 1:2.5 5.28 8 Available P (ppm) 17.65 3 EC (ds/m) 0.94 9 B (ppm) 1.24 4 CEC (meq/100g 25.17 10 S (ppm) 14.28 5 OC (%) 3.81 11 Available K (ppm) 134.23 6 OM (%) 5.49 12 Cu (ppm) 12.58 Data collection The parameters related to growth, yield and net yield components of each plot were collected using standard methods to avoid edge effects. Growth parameters included plant height, number of shoots per hill, flowering and maturity dates. Yield parameters: fresh weight and dry matter content, marketable tuber yield and non-marketable tubers as well as the total tuber yield were recorded. The tubers were harvested once (July 22, 2022) when the plants had reached physiologically matured (75% of the leaves had withered). Data Analysis The data collected for all potato parameters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS statistical software and a separation of means was performed using Duncan's multi-test range - means based on the ANOVA results. 3. Result and Discussion Effect of fertilizer source and variety on growth parameters The interaction between fertilizer source and variety had a very significant effect (p < 0.001) on the number of days to physiological maturity and number of shoots per cluster (Table 2 ). However, other growth parameters (50% flowering day, number of main shoots per hill and plant height) were not significantly affected by the interaction between fertilizer source and cultivar. Table 2 Fertilizer Source and Variety Interaction Effect on Growth Parameters Treatment Combination D50% F DPM NSpH NsSpH HP Fertilizer source Variety Control Local 64.48 cd 96.13 bc 2.17 i 32.83 f 52.13 g Gudenie 60.31 cd 87.42 g 3.13 defg 46.33 def 71.27 bcd Jalenie 71.58 ab 96.08 b 2.93 efgh 45.40 def 63.60 fg Belete 61.42 cd 91.83 def 3.80 abcd 47.20 de 76.40 abcd DAP + Urea Local 63.44 cd 92.42 def 1.82 i 37.12 ef 56.07 g Gudenie 58.83 d 90.82 ef 3.33 cdefg 44.40 def 83.13 ab Jalenie 71.58 ab 96.82 b 3.93 bcdef 55.07 bcd 68.73 cdf Belete 61.50 cd 93.84 cd 4.40 bc 66.73 ab 77.80 abc NPS + Urea Local 64.40 cd 95.37 bc 2.37 ghi 34.23 ef 58.17 fg Gudenie 63.23 cd 90.17 f 3.47 bcdfg 51.60 cd 76.13 abcd Jalenie 74.103 a 95.81 bc 3.33 cdefg 52.53 cd 64.00 dfg Belete 61.10 cd 93.96 cd 4.67 b 61.13 abc 74.60 abcd NPSB + Urea Local 65.64 bc 92.00 def 2.70 fghi 42.40 def 57.90 fg Gudenie 59.42 cd 93.50 cde 4.67 bcd 63.13 abc 85.73 a Jalenie 70.58 ab 99.62 a 6.33 a 52.27 cd 71.80 bcd Belete 61.90 cd 93.95 cd 4.07 bcde 69.00 a 74.47 abcd CV 5.21 1.60 17.88 14.55 9.48 P-Value 0.9229 0.0002 0.0001 0.2317 0.6608 D50%F = Day to 50% flower; DPM = day to physiological maturity; NSpH = Number of shoot per hill; NsSpH = Number of sub shoot per hill; HP = Height of plant in cm; CV = coefficient of variation Days to physiological maturity The maximum number of days to physiological maturity (99.62) was recorded from the interaction of the NPSB fertilizer source with the Jalenie . Consecutive days (96.62 and 96.08) were scored based on the interaction of DAP and control fertilizer sources, respectively, with the Jalenie cultivar. Minimum number of days required to reach physiological maturity (87.42) recorded from interaction of the control fertilizer source with the Gudenie variety. This showed that the interaction of NPSB fertilizer with the Jalenie cultivar tended to increase the number of days required to reach physiological maturity. The result of the study agrees with the finding of Yohanne et al ., (2021) who’s reported that the number of days to physiological maturity influenced by the main effects of NPSB and NPS with delayed N fertilization and increased time required for potato harvest to reach physiological maturity became. The longer days before maturity may be due to the synergistic effect of phosphorus with nitrogen uptake, which enhanced the vegetative stage and thus delayed physiological maturity, since its uptake increased with increased intake of these nutrients. Number of shoots per hill The maximum number of shoots (6.33) was obtained from the interaction of the fertilizer source NPSB with the cultivar Jalenie . Based on the interaction of the NPS fertilizer source with Belete , the following result was obtained (4.67). The minimum number of shoots (2.17) was obtained from control treatment with landrace. This may be because the trait is strongly influenced by potato crop heritability, although stem density is one of the most important components of potato yield; was not significantly affected by N or P fertilization (Zellem et al ., 2009; Birtukan, 2016). The result obtained does not agree with the conclusion of Getachew et al ., (2020) that the interaction between variety and fertilizer source and the main effect does not statistically reveal the variability in the number of main stems on the mound. Effect of fertilizer source and variety on yield and its components According to statistical analysis of the results, the interaction between fertilizer source and variety had a significant impact (p < 0.005) on the average number of marketable tubers per hill yield and non-marketable yield (Table 3 ). Yet, other yields and yield components parameters (average number of tubers per hill, total tuber yield and dry matter content) were not significantly affected by the interaction between fertilizer source and variety. Table 3 Fertilizer Source and Variety Interaction Effect on Yield and Yield Component Treatment Combination ATN ATW TTY MrY uMrY DM Fertilizer source Variety Control Local 4.90 g 28.31 d 9.49 e 8.57 f 1.08 bcd 25.23 b Gudenie 12.70 cdef 51.53 bcd 18.71 bc 17.75 bc 0.96 bcd 28.28 a Jalenie 10.10 defg 48.44 bcd 16.78 bc 15.99 cd 1.12 bc 28.59 a Belete 9.80 defg 41.01 bcd 15.68 cd 14.23 de 1.78 a 28.62 a DAP + Urea Local 6.77 efg 34.54 cd 12.54 de 11.30 ef 1.91 a 27.51 ab Gudenie 20.67 ab 41.54 bcd 19.49 bc 18.64 bc 0.85 cde 28.721 a Jalenie 15.60 bcd 58.92 bc 17.38 bc 17.23 bcd 0.15 f 28.83 a Belete 14.43 bcd 53.76 bc 19.26 bc 18.74 bc 0.52 ef 28.85 a NPS + Urea Local 8.58 defg 29.04 d 9.87 e 8.34 f 1.53 ab 27.23 ab Gudenie 14.97 bcd 46.87 bcd 19.84 b 18.59 bc 1.25 bc 28.88 a Jalenie 13.43 bcde 64.06 b 20.07 b 19.44 bc 0.63 de 28.3 a Belete 14.21 bcde 44.31 bcd 18.91 bc 18.28 bc 0.62 de 28.59 a NPSB + Urea Local 5.83 gf 34.84 cd 11.25 e 10.30 f 0.95 cde 26.98 ab Gudenie 18.50 bc 43.63 bcd 20.07 b 19.63 b 0.49 ef 28.94 a Jalenie 26.13 a 96.36 a 23.88 a 23.04 a 0.84 cde 27.86 ab Belete 19.21 abc 53.58 bc 18.05 bc 17.45 bcd 0.60 ef 28.60 a CV 29.57 25.62 11.96 11.61 26.08 5.27 P-Value 0.0648 0.0243 0.0670 0.0444 0.0001 0.9008 ATN = Average tuber number per hill; ATW = Average tuber weight in g/tuber; TTY = total tuber yield ton per hectare; MrY = marketable tuber yield ton per hectare; uMrY = unmarketable tuber yield ton per hectare; FW = fresh weight in g; and DM = Dry matter in %; CV = coefficient of variation , Average tuber weight (g) The interaction of fertilizer source with cultivar had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on mean tuber weight (Table 5). The mean maximum tuber weight (96.36 g) was obtained from the interaction of the NPSB fertilizer source with the Jalenie cultivar. Further (64.06 g) obtained from the interaction of the NPS fertilizer source with Jalenie. The mean minimum tuber weights (28.31 g and 29.04 g) were obtained from the interaction of the control and the NPS fertilizer source with the native variety, respectively. It was found that the average weight obtained from jalenie tubers tended to decrease significantly by (47.62 g) with the interaction of the NPSB fertilizer versus the control fertilizer source. The correlation analysis showed that the mean tuber weight correlated significantly and positively (r2 = 0.69) with the number of undergrowth on the hill. Marketable tuber yield (ton per hectare) The interaction of fertilizer source with cultivar had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on marketable potato tuber yield (Table 3 ). The highest marketable tuber yield (23.04t/h) was obtained from NPSB fertilizer source with the Jalenie variety. Further (19.63 t/h and 19.44 t/h) were recorded from the interaction of NPSB and NPS fertilizer sources with Gudenie and Jalenie cultivars, respectively. The lowest marketable tuber yields (8.34t/h and 8.57t/h) were obtained from the interaction of NPS and control source fertilizer with landrace, respectively. It was shown that the marketable yield of jalenie tubers tended to increase significantly (11.79 t/h, respectively) when treated with NPSB fertilizer compared to treating landraces with NPSB and NPS source, respectively Sommerfeld and Knutson (1965) found that shoot growth was stimulated more than tuber growth with excessive N application, which agrees with those of Egata et al .(2019), in which the management of fertilizers significantly influences the chemical and nutritional composition of plants in addition to the anatomical and morphological structure. The correlation analysis revealed that high yields of marketable tubers significantly and positively (r 2 = 0.73 and 0.995) correlated with mean tuber weight and total tuber yield. Unmarketable tubers yield (ton/hectare) The interaction between fertilizer source and variety was very significantly high (p < 0.001) affected the non-commercial yield of potato tubers (Table 3 above). The maximum yields of non-marketable tubers (1.91 and 1.78 t/h) were recorded based on the interaction of the DAP fertilizer source and control with native cultivars and belete , respectively. The lowest yield of unmarketable tubers yield (0.15 t/h) was obtained from the interaction of the DAP fertilizer source with the Jalenie variety. The result agrees with the results of Yohannes et al ., (2021). The interaction between fertilizer source and variety had effect on non-commercial tuber yield. Effect of Variety on Growth and Yield Based on statistical analysis of results, cultivar has a significant (p < 0.005) effect on mean days to 50% flowering, number of sub-shoots per hill, plant height, average tuber weight and dry matter content. This is due to the different potato cultivars, most likely related to cultivar genetics (Amenu et al., 2022). Day of 50 % flowering : The potato variety had a very high significant (p ≤ 0.001) effect on day to 50% flowering (Table 4 ). The maximum number of days required for 50% flowering (71.86) was obtained from the Jalenie variety, the closest (64.49) was obtained from the landrace. Minimum day to 50% flowering (60.45 and 61.48) were recorded from the Gudenie and Belete varieties. The study results agree with the findings of Getachew et al . (2020) who found that the variety had a significant effect on days up to 50% of flowering days and beyond (59 vs.17) Days up to 50% flowering. It also agrees with the statement (Amenu et al. , 2022) that in different potato varieties var. Menagesha reached 50% flowering first, followed by var. Belete , then Gudanie . The Menagesha variety seemed to mature earlier than the other varieties. Number of sub-shoots per hill The variation had a very large and significant (p < 0.001) on the number of sub-shoots per hill (Table 4 ). The largest number of sub-shoot in the hills (61.02) was obtained from the Belete variety. The following (51.32 and 51.37) were obtained from the cultivars Jalenie and Gudenie , respectively. The smallest number of sub-shoot in the hills (36.65) was obtained from local varieties. The study result agrees with Jemberie, (2017) who concluded that the Belete variety had the longest record, consistent with the results of his study. Table 4 Variety Effect on Growth, Yield and Yield Components Fertilizer Source D50%F NsSpH HP ATW DM Local 64.49 b 36.65 c 56.07 c 31.68 c 26.74 b Gudenie 60.45 c 51.37 b 79.07 a 45.89 b 28.58 a Jalenie 71.86 a 51.32 b 67.03 b 67.94 a 28.40 a Belete 61.48 c 61.02 a 75.82 a 48.18 b 28.50 a CV 4.71 18.48 10.13 30.91 5.20 P-Value 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0087 D50%F = Day to 50% flower; NsSpH = Number of sub-shoot per hill; HP = Height of plant in cm; ATW = Average tuber weight in gram; DM = Dry matter in %; CV = coefficient of variation , Plant height (cm) The variety had a very large and significant (p < 0.001) effect on plant height (Table 4 ). Maximum plant heights (79.07 and 75.82 cm) were recorded for the Gudenie and Belete cultivars, respectively. The following (67.03 cm) was recorded from the Jalenie varieties. The minimum plant height (56.07 cm) was recorded from the landrace. The investigation result was consistent with the finding of Mekashaw, (2016); Melkamu and Minwyelete, (2018) who’s reported that low plant heights observed in the landrace compared to other improved potato. Average tuber weight (g) variety had a very large and significant effect (p < 0.001) on average tuber weight (Table 4 ). The maximum average tuber weight (67.94 g) was obtained from the Jalenie . Further (48.18 and 45.89 g) were obtained from the varieties Belete and Gudenie , respectively. The minimum average tuber weight (31.68 g) was obtained from the local variety. The average tuber weight obtained was very low compared to other reports, which was evidenced by the occurrence of minimal rainfall and prolonged drought during the experiment. Dry matter content (%) the variety is characterized by a very high and significant (p < 0.001) variations of the dry matter content of the tubers (Table 4 ). The highest dry matter content (28.58, 28.50 and 28.40%) were registered for the Gudenie, Belete and Jalenie varieties; appropriate. The minimum dry matter content (26.74%) has been obtained from the local variety. In addition, the dry matter content of the tubers depends on the potato variety, which is consistent with the conclusions of other researchers, Tsehai, (1988); Mekashaw, (2016); Melkamu and Minwyelete, (2018); Egata et al ., (2019) where improved potato varieties generally had the highest dry matter content in tubers compared to the farmers' native varieties. 4. Conclusions and Recommendations As with other experiments performed with different sources of fertilizers and varieties, in this experiment it can be concluded that the interaction between fertilizer source and variety has a very significant influence on the day to physiological maturity, the Number of main shootss average tuber weight, marketable and unmarketable tuber yield in t/ha. It was found that the interaction of NPBS with cv Jalenie provided a maximum marketable tuber yield of 23.04 t/ha, while EIAR recommended DAP and urea for a marketable tuber yield of 17.23 t/ha under certain cultivar conditions. On the Gazer trial field, NPS achieved the maximum yield of marketable tubers of 19.44 t/ha. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that NPSB blend fertilizer for the Jalenie variety, a variety that tolerates very little rainfall and a prolonged dry spell very well. Declarations AKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors would like to thanks Jinka University office of research, community service and vice president for the financial support of this project and the Agricultural extension workers of Philla sub-district. References Abiye, Mohammed, Mohammed and Teklu E. Performance of minimum tillage with animal drawn implements on vertisol management in Ethiopia. EARO, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 115-125. Amenu,Teshome,Yemane,Derbew,Hannah,Lord . Growth and yield responses of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L .) varieties to NPS blended fertilizer at Nedjo, Western Ethiopia. International Journal of Horticulture 6(2):77-82. Brasesco, F., Asgedom, D., Casari, G. Strategic analysis and intervention plan for potatoes and potato products in the Agro-Commodities Procurement Zone of the pilot Integrated Agro-Industrial Park in Central Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, FAO. 80 pp. CSA (Central statistical agency), Agricultural sample survey, report on area, production and farm management practice of belg season crops for private peasant holdings. Volume V . Egata Shunka Tolessa, A review on water and nitrogen use efficiency of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) in relation to its yield and yield components. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science , 4(2): 119-132 Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research, Crop Technologies Guideline. Addis Ababa: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division Getachew, Mekides Melkamu Amare, Effects of Blended NPS Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties at Dessie Zuria District, Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 10(13):1-9. Israel, Z., Ali, M., & Solomon, T. Effect of different rates of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and yield components of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) at Masha district, Southwestern Ethiopia. International Journal of Soil Science , 7 ( 4 ), 146–156. Melkamu J., Long-term effect of balanced mineral fertilizer application on potato, winter rye, and oat yields; nutrient use efficiency; and soil fertility. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 56(4):421-432. MoA (Ministry of Agriculture Crop variety registration bulletin (1987-2014). Sommerfeld TG, Knutson KW Effects of nitrogen and phosphor rus on the growth and development of Russet Burbank Potatoes grown in the Southeastern Idaho. Am. Potato. J. 42: 351-360. Tekalign, T. Response of potato to paclobutrazol and manipulation of reproductive growth under tropical conditions (PhD desertation), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. Yohannes Gelaye, Dereje Ademe1, Melkamu Alemayehu. Effect of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Potato ( Solanum Tuberosum L.), Northwestern Ethiopia. Journal of Horticulture, 8(4):1-8. Zelalem A., Tekalign T. and Nigussie D. Response of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L . ) to different rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on vertisols at Debre Berhan, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. African Journal of Plant Science, 3(2):016-024. Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3748647","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":259248438,"identity":"e47647a8-cbdc-498d-a003-891424ff94d7","order_by":0,"name":"Bantayehu Muluneh Metaferia","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAyjNAyY/ADEbO2EtjA0wLYwzQFqYidQCBsxgjYS0mLOfPf6Yh6FOxrz9jOFnm1/b5PmYGRg/fMzBrcWyJy+xmYfhMI/MmRxj6dy+24ZtzAzMkjO34XHYgRxDoJYDPBIMuRukc3tuMwK1sDHz4tNy/g1ISx2PBP/bzb8te27bE9ZyA2wLM4+ERO42aYYftxMJarGc8cZw5hyDw0At779Z9jbcTm5jZmzG6xdz/hyDD28q6uwl+NOSb/z4c9t2fnvzwQ8f8WiBOg9KM7aByQZC6pHBH1IUj4JRMApGwUgBAFwSSVEzwxjmAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-7799","institution":"Jinka University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bantayehu","middleName":"Muluneh","lastName":"Metaferia","suffix":""},{"id":259248439,"identity":"78663eab-19d5-4603-898e-6ac90458f848","order_by":1,"name":"Kumsa Dida Faye","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jinka University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kumsa","middleName":"Dida","lastName":"Faye","suffix":""},{"id":259248440,"identity":"8c86fae7-5896-4e4f-9473-5923d2ce4108","order_by":2,"name":"Semu Yetaferu Ashagire","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jinka University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Semu","middleName":"Yetaferu","lastName":"Ashagire","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-12-13 13:36:37","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"coiExplicitlySet":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3748647/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3748647/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":50447880,"identity":"6a573b41-75ef-4e29-a5b1-b98af9df9ce6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-01-31 16:27:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":763786,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3748647/v1/b1f8f921-e816-4a11-94e6-8cb8330df44b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of Fertilizer Type and Variety on Growth and Yield of Potato (\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSolanum tuberosum\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e) at South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe potato (\u003cem\u003eSolanum tuberosum\u003c/em\u003e) is the most important root and tuber crop in the world. It is grown in more than 125 countries and consumed almost every day by more than a billion people. Hundreds of millions of people in developing countries depend on potatoes for their livelihoods (FAO, 2014). Their ability to produce food in large quantities per unit area and time (Israel \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2012) and their ease of cultivation and nutritional content have made them a valuable crop for food security and for millions of farmers (FAO, 2014).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal and African annual production in 2018 was about 368.2 and 26\u0026nbsp;million tons, respectively (FAOSTAT, 2020). Ethiopia has one of the largest producers in East Africa due the agroecology and domestic consumption of the product (Tekalign, 2006; Brasesco \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2019). According to 2015/16 census data a total area of ​​about 496,148.99 ha and 7.21\u0026nbsp;million tons of land was occupied and produced by root and tuber crops, of which about 296,578 ha (60%) and over 3.67\u0026nbsp;million tons (51%) potato, national productivity exceeds 12 t/ha, with average yields of advanced farmers well above 30 t/ha (CSA, 2016), but this performance is considered low compared to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe use of fertilizers in Ethiopia for several years has mainly focused on the use and application of nitrogenous and phosphate fertilizers in the form of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea to almost all crops for commercial and food security purposes. Such imbalanced use of plant nutrients can exacerbate the depletion of other important soil nutrients such as K, Mg, Ca, S and micronutrients. In Ethiopia, nutrient deficiency is the most important yield-limiting factor in vegetable production (Alemu and Ermias, 2000). The use of sustainable fertilizers is the basis for achieving higher agricultural production from existing agricultural land (Amalfitano \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2017; Caruso \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2019). It improves sustainable production and provides nutrients to plants based on their physiological needs and expected yields (Ryan, 2008). Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of fertilizer source and potato variety on growth and yield of potato at Debub Ari, Southern Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Materials and methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eDescription of study area\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiment was conducted in 2022 during the main rainy season (\u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003eBelg\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rdquo;) in Debub Ari districts at the South Omo Zone of southern Ethiopia which is located 769 km from Addis Ababa 17 km from the city of Jinka at 5\u0026deg;52'N, 36\u0026deg;38'E and 1605m elevation (Shiferaw, 2014). The precipitation regime in the area is bimodal (\u003cem\u003eBelg\u003c/em\u003e: from February to April and \u003cem\u003eMeher\u003c/em\u003e from July to September). The average annual precipitation of the district ranges from 601 to 1600 mm. The mean annual temperature is between 10 and 20\u0026deg;C (Dilamo \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2021).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eTreatment and Experimental Design\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiment was performed in a factorial design using a three-replicate fully randomized block (RCBD) design. The trial included four potato varieties (\u003cem\u003eBelete, Gudenie, Jalenie\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ea Landrace\u003c/em\u003e) and four fertilizer sources (control, DAP 195\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Urea 165 kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, NPS 236.05\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;urea 151 kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e and NPSB 237.93\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Urea 150 .72 kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e). Derived according to general national recommendations DAP 195 kg ha-1 (contains 89.7 kg P2O5 and 35.1 kg N) and urea 165 kg ha-1 (contains 79.2 kg N). Urea is used as a source of nitrogen fertilizer. The experimental course consisted of 16 treatment combinations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eExperimental procedure\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore sowing, the experimental field was ploughed four times by hand at intervals of 14 days. After soil preparation, tubers were planted (March 16, 2022) on well-prepared experimental plots of 9 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e (3 x 3 m; distance between plots and blocks 1m and 1.5m, respectively) and 40 seedlings were planted at a distance of 75cm x 30cm placed between rows and plants. There were 16 story arcs per block and a total of 48 story arc numbers. The type of fertilizer is applied at planting, using urea in particulate form (50% applied at planting and the remaining 50% before flowering 45 days after planting) as the main application method. Cultural practices such as weed control, cultivation and crop protection were consistently applied to all treatments as recommended by EIAR (2007).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eSoil Samples and Analysis\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrior to surface seeding, a mixed soil sample was collected from the site characterization test field and the soil sample was collected in a zigzag pattern to a depth 30cm using an auger was used to collect the mixed sample. The collected sample was appropriately tagged, bagged and shipped to Hawassa Soil Laboratory and prepared for analysis according to standard procedures. The following soil test results were observed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysico-chemical properties of experimental field at Gazer (Philla FTC)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eo\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameter\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnalysis result\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eo\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameter\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnalysis result\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil class\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClay\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTN (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epH (H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO) 1:2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvailable P (ppm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC (ds/m)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB (ppm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCEC (meq/100g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS (ppm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOC (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvailable K (ppm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOM (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCu (ppm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eData collection\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe parameters related to growth, yield and net yield components of each plot were collected using standard methods to avoid edge effects. Growth parameters included plant height, number of shoots per hill, flowering and maturity dates. Yield parameters: fresh weight and dry matter content, marketable tuber yield and non-marketable tubers as well as the total tuber yield were recorded. The tubers were harvested once (July 22, 2022) when the plants had reached physiologically matured (75% of the leaves had withered).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eData Analysis\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data collected for all potato parameters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS statistical software and a separation of means was performed using Duncan's multi-test range - means based on the ANOVA results.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Result and Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eEffect of fertilizer source and variety on growth parameters\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe interaction between fertilizer source and variety had a very significant effect (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) on the number of days to physiological maturity and number of shoots per cluster (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). However, other growth parameters (50% flowering day, number of main shoots per hill and plant height) were not significantly affected by the interaction between fertilizer source and cultivar.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFertilizer Source and Variety Interaction Effect on Growth Parameters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment Combination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD50% F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDPM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNSpH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNsSpH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFertilizer source\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariety\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.48\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96.13\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e 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colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.33\u003csup\u003ecdefg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.53\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.00\u003csup\u003edfg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelete\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.10\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.96\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.67\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.13\u003csup\u003eabc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e 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colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.58\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.62\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.33\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.27\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71.80\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelete\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.90\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.95\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.07\u003csup\u003ebcde\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.00\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.47\u003csup\u003eabcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9229\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2317\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6608\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eD50%F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Day to 50% flower; DPM\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;day to physiological maturity; NSpH\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Number of shoot per hill; NsSpH\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Number of sub shoot per hill; HP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Height of plant in cm; CV\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;coefficient of variation\u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eDays to physiological maturity\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe maximum number of days to physiological maturity (99.62) was recorded from the interaction of the NPSB fertilizer source with the \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e. Consecutive days (96.62 and 96.08) were scored based on the interaction of DAP and control fertilizer sources, respectively, with the \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e cultivar. Minimum number of days required to reach physiological maturity (87.42) recorded from interaction of the control fertilizer source with the \u003cem\u003eGudenie\u003c/em\u003e variety. This showed that the interaction of NPSB fertilizer with the \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e cultivar tended to increase the number of days required to reach physiological maturity. The result of the study agrees with the finding of Yohanne \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., (2021) who\u0026rsquo;s reported that the number of days to physiological maturity influenced by the main effects of NPSB and NPS with delayed N fertilization and increased time required for potato harvest to reach physiological maturity became. The longer days before maturity may be due to the synergistic effect of phosphorus with nitrogen uptake, which enhanced the vegetative stage and thus delayed physiological maturity, since its uptake increased with increased intake of these nutrients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eNumber of shoots per hill\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe maximum number of shoots (6.33) was obtained from the interaction of the fertilizer source NPSB with the cultivar \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e. Based on the interaction of the NPS fertilizer source with \u003cem\u003eBelete\u003c/em\u003e, the following result was obtained (4.67). The minimum number of shoots (2.17) was obtained from control treatment with landrace. This may be because the trait is strongly influenced by potato crop heritability, although stem density is one of the most important components of potato yield; was not significantly affected by N or P fertilization (Zellem \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2009; Birtukan, 2016). The result obtained does not agree with the conclusion of Getachew \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., (2020) that the interaction between variety and fertilizer source and the main effect does not statistically reveal the variability in the number of main stems on the mound.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eEffect of fertilizer source and variety on yield and its components\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to statistical analysis of the results, the interaction between fertilizer source and variety had a significant impact (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.005) on the average number of marketable tubers per hill yield and non-marketable yield (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Yet, other yields and yield components parameters (average number of tubers per hill, total tuber yield and dry matter content) were not significantly affected by the interaction between fertilizer source and variety.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFertilizer Source and Variety Interaction Effect on Yield and Yield Component\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment Combination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTTY\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMrY\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003euMrY\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFertilizer source\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariety\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.90\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.31\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.49\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.57\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.23\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGudenie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.70\u003csup\u003ecdef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.53\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.71\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.75\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.28\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJalenie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10\u003csup\u003edefg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.44\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.78\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.99\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.59\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelete\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.80\u003csup\u003edefg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.01\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.68\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.23\u003csup\u003ede\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.62\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDAP\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Urea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.77\u003csup\u003eefg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.54\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.54\u003csup\u003ede\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.30\u003csup\u003eef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.91\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.51\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGudenie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.67\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.54\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.49\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.64\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003csup\u003ecde\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.721\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJalenie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.60\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.92\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.38\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.23\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.83\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelete\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.43\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.76\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.26\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.74\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003csup\u003eef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.85\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNPS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Urea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.58\u003csup\u003edefg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.04\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.87\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.34\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.53\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.23\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGudenie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.97\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.87\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.84\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.59\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.25\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.88\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJalenie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.43\u003csup\u003ebcde\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.06\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.07\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.44\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003csup\u003ede\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.3\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelete\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.21\u003csup\u003ebcde\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.31\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.91\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.28\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003csup\u003ede\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.59\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNPSB\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Urea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.83\u003csup\u003egf\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.84\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.25\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.30\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003csup\u003ecde\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.98\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGudenie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.50\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.63\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.07\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.63\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003csup\u003eef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.94\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJalenie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.13\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96.36\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.88\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.04\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003csup\u003ecde\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.86\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelete\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.21\u003csup\u003eabc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.58\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.05\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.45\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003csup\u003eef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.60\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCV\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29.57\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25.62\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.96\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.61\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26.08\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.27\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP-Value\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.0648\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.0243\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.0670\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.0444\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.0001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.9008\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eATN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Average tuber number per hill; ATW\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Average tuber weight in g/tuber; TTY\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;total tuber yield ton per hectare; MrY\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;marketable tuber yield ton per hectare; uMrY\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;unmarketable tuber yield ton per hectare; FW\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;fresh weight in g; and DM\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Dry matter in %; CV\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;coefficient of variation\u003c/em\u003e,\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eAverage tuber weight (g)\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe interaction of fertilizer source with cultivar had a significant effect (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) on mean tuber weight (Table\u0026nbsp;5). The mean maximum tuber weight (96.36 g) was obtained from the interaction of the NPSB fertilizer source with the Jalenie cultivar. Further (64.06 g) obtained from the interaction of the NPS fertilizer source with Jalenie. The mean minimum tuber weights (28.31 g and 29.04 g) were obtained from the interaction of the control and the NPS fertilizer source with the native variety, respectively. It was found that the average weight obtained from jalenie tubers tended to decrease significantly by (47.62 g) with the interaction of the NPSB fertilizer versus the control fertilizer source. The correlation analysis showed that the mean tuber weight correlated significantly and positively (r2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.69) with the number of undergrowth on the hill.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eMarketable tuber yield (ton per hectare)\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe interaction of fertilizer source with cultivar had a significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) effect on marketable potato tuber yield (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The highest marketable tuber yield (23.04t/h) was obtained from NPSB fertilizer source with the \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e variety. Further (19.63 t/h and 19.44 t/h) were recorded from the interaction of NPSB and NPS fertilizer sources with \u003cem\u003eGudenie\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e cultivars, respectively. The lowest marketable tuber yields (8.34t/h and 8.57t/h) were obtained from the interaction of NPS and control source fertilizer with landrace, respectively. It was shown that the marketable yield of \u003cem\u003ejalenie\u003c/em\u003e tubers tended to increase significantly (11.79 t/h, respectively) when treated with NPSB fertilizer compared to treating landraces with NPSB and NPS source, respectively Sommerfeld and Knutson (1965) found that shoot growth was stimulated more than tuber growth with excessive N application, which agrees with those of Egata \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e.(2019), in which the management of fertilizers significantly influences the chemical and nutritional composition of plants in addition to the anatomical and morphological structure. The correlation analysis revealed that high yields of marketable tubers significantly and positively (r\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.73 and 0.995) correlated with mean tuber weight and total tuber yield.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eUnmarketable tubers yield (ton/hectare)\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe interaction between fertilizer source and variety was very significantly high (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) affected the non-commercial yield of potato tubers (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e above). The maximum yields of non-marketable tubers (1.91 and 1.78 t/h) were recorded based on the interaction of the DAP fertilizer source and control with native cultivars and \u003cem\u003ebelete\u003c/em\u003e, respectively. The lowest yield of unmarketable tubers yield (0.15 t/h) was obtained from the interaction of the DAP fertilizer source with the \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e variety. The result agrees with the results of Yohannes \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., (2021). The interaction between fertilizer source and variety had effect on non-commercial tuber yield.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eEffect of Variety on Growth and Yield\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on statistical analysis of results, cultivar has a significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.005) effect on mean days to 50% flowering, number of sub-shoots per hill, plant height, average tuber weight and dry matter content. This is due to the different potato cultivars, most likely related to cultivar genetics (Amenu et al., 2022).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eDay of 50\u003c/b\u003e% \u003cb\u003eflowering\u003c/b\u003e: The potato variety had a very high significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.001) effect on day to 50% flowering (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The maximum number of days required for 50% flowering (71.86) was obtained from the \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e variety, the closest (64.49) was obtained from the landrace. Minimum day to 50% flowering (60.45 and 61.48) were recorded from the \u003cem\u003eGudenie\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eBelete\u003c/em\u003e varieties. The study results agree with the findings of Getachew \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (2020) who found that the variety had a significant effect on days up to 50% of flowering days and beyond (59 vs.17) Days up to 50% flowering. It also agrees with the statement (Amenu \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2022) that in different potato varieties var. \u003cem\u003eMenagesha\u003c/em\u003e reached 50% flowering first, followed by var. \u003cem\u003eBelete\u003c/em\u003e, then \u003cem\u003eGudanie\u003c/em\u003e. The \u003cem\u003eMenagesha\u003c/em\u003e variety seemed to mature earlier than the other varieties.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eNumber of sub-shoots per hill\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe variation had a very large and significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) on the number of sub-shoots per hill (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The largest number of sub-shoot in the hills (61.02) was obtained from the \u003cem\u003eBelete\u003c/em\u003e variety. The following (51.32 and 51.37) were obtained from the cultivars \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eGudenie\u003c/em\u003e, respectively. The smallest number of sub-shoot in the hills (36.65) was obtained from local varieties. The study result agrees with Jemberie, (2017) who concluded that the \u003cem\u003eBelete\u003c/em\u003e variety had the longest record, consistent with the results of his study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVariety Effect on Growth, Yield and Yield Components\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFertilizer Source\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD50%F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNsSpH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.49\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.65\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.07\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.68\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.74\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGudenie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.45\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.37\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.07\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.89\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.58\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJalenie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71.86\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.32\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.03\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.94\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelete\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.48\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.02\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.82\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.18\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCV\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP-Value\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0087\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eD50%F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Day to 50% flower; NsSpH\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Number of sub-shoot per hill; HP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Height of plant in cm; ATW\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Average tuber weight in gram; DM\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Dry matter in %; CV\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;coefficient of variation\u003c/em\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003ePlant height (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe variety had a very large and significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) effect on plant height (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Maximum plant heights (79.07 and 75.82 cm) were recorded for the \u003cem\u003eGudenie\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eBelete\u003c/em\u003e cultivars, respectively. The following (67.03 cm) was recorded from the \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e varieties. The minimum plant height (56.07 cm) was recorded from the landrace. The investigation result was consistent with the finding of Mekashaw, (2016); Melkamu and Minwyelete, (2018) who\u0026rsquo;s reported that low plant heights observed in the landrace compared to other improved potato.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eAverage tuber weight (g)\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003evariety had a very large and significant effect (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) on average tuber weight (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The maximum average tuber weight (67.94 g) was obtained from the \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e. Further (48.18 and 45.89 g) were obtained from the varieties \u003cem\u003eBelete\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eGudenie\u003c/em\u003e, respectively. The minimum average tuber weight (31.68 g) was obtained from the local variety. The average tuber weight obtained was very low compared to other reports, which was evidenced by the occurrence of minimal rainfall and prolonged drought during the experiment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eDry matter content (%)\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003ethe variety is characterized by a very high and significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) variations of the dry matter content of the tubers (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The highest dry matter content (28.58, 28.50 and 28.40%) were registered for the \u003cem\u003eGudenie, Belete\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e varieties; appropriate. The minimum dry matter content (26.74%) has been obtained from the local variety. In addition, the dry matter content of the tubers depends on the potato variety, which is consistent with the conclusions of other researchers, Tsehai, (1988); Mekashaw, (2016); Melkamu and Minwyelete, (2018); Egata \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., (2019) where improved potato varieties generally had the highest dry matter content in tubers compared to the farmers' native varieties.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Conclusions and Recommendations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAs with other experiments performed with different sources of fertilizers and varieties, in this experiment it can be concluded that the interaction between fertilizer source and variety has a very significant influence on the day to physiological maturity, the Number of main shootss average tuber weight, marketable and unmarketable tuber yield in t/ha. It was found that the interaction of NPBS with cv \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e provided a maximum marketable tuber yield of 23.04 t/ha, while EIAR recommended DAP and urea for a marketable tuber yield of 17.23 t/ha under certain cultivar conditions. On the Gazer trial field, NPS achieved the maximum yield of marketable tubers of 19.44 t/ha. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that NPSB blend fertilizer for the \u003cem\u003eJalenie\u003c/em\u003e variety, a variety that tolerates very little rainfall and a prolonged dry spell very well.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAKNOWLEDGEMENT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to thanks Jinka University office of research, community service and vice president for the financial support of this project and the Agricultural extension workers of \u003cem\u003ePhilla\u003c/em\u003e sub-district.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbiye, Mohammed, Mohammed and Teklu E. Performance of minimum tillage with animal drawn implements on vertisol management in Ethiopia. EARO, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 115-125.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmenu,Teshome,Yemane,Derbew,Hannah,Lord\u003cstrong\u003e. \u003c/strong\u003eGrowth and yield responses of potato (\u003cem\u003eSolanum tuberosum L\u003c/em\u003e.) varieties to NPS blended fertilizer at Nedjo, Western Ethiopia. International Journal of Horticulture 6(2):77-82.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrasesco, F., Asgedom, D., Casari, G. Strategic analysis and intervention plan for potatoes and potato products in the Agro-Commodities Procurement Zone of the pilot Integrated Agro-Industrial Park in Central Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, FAO. 80 pp. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCSA (Central statistical agency), Agricultural sample survey, report on area, production and farm management practice of belg season crops for private peasant holdings. Volume \u003cstrong\u003eV\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEgata Shunka Tolessa, A review on water and nitrogen use efficiency of potato (\u003cem\u003eSolanum tuberosum \u003c/em\u003eL.) in relation to its yield and yield components. \u003cem\u003eArchives of Agriculture and Environmental Science\u003c/em\u003e, 4(2): 119-132\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEthiopia Institute of Agricultural Research, Crop Technologies Guideline. Addis Ababa: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGetachew, Mekides Melkamu Amare, Effects of Blended NPS Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties at Dessie Zuria District, Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 10(13):1-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIsrael, Z., Ali, M., \u0026amp; Solomon, T. Effect of different rates of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and yield components of potato (\u003cem\u003eSolanum tuberosum \u003c/em\u003eL.) at Masha district, Southwestern Ethiopia. \u003cem\u003eInternational\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eJournal of Soil Science\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e7\u003c/em\u003e(\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e), 146\u0026ndash;156.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMelkamu J., Long-term effect of balanced mineral fertilizer application on potato, winter rye, and oat yields; nutrient use efficiency; and soil fertility. \u003cem\u003eArchives of Agronomy and Soil Science\u003c/em\u003e 56(4):421-432.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoA (Ministry of Agriculture Crop variety registration bulletin (1987-2014).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSommerfeld TG, Knutson KW Effects of nitrogen and phosphor rus on the growth and development of Russet Burbank Potatoes grown in the Southeastern Idaho. Am. Potato. J. 42: 351-360.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTekalign, T. Response of potato to paclobutrazol and manipulation of reproductive growth under tropical conditions (PhD desertation), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYohannes Gelaye, Dereje Ademe1, Melkamu Alemayehu. Effect of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Potato (\u003cem\u003eSolanum Tuberosum\u003c/em\u003e L.), Northwestern Ethiopia. Journal of Horticulture, 8(4):1-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZelalem A., Tekalign T. and Nigussie D. Response of potato (\u003cem\u003eSolanum tuberosum \u003c/em\u003eL\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e) to different rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on vertisols at Debre Berhan, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. African Journal of Plant Science, 3(2):016-024. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Jinka University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Fertilizer Type, Variety of Potatoes, Growth, Tuber Yield","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3748647/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3748647/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe main problem in Ethiopia is food insecurity. The potato has been recognized by the Ethiopian government as a strategic crop to increase food security and farmers' incomes. Potato yields are strongly influenced by agronomic practices such as crop management, fertilizer source and variety. The country's productivity is far below than of the world. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of fertilizer source and potato variety on growth and tuber yield. The field trial was carried out in a factorial design with the RCBD and repeated three times in each case. The experiment included four fertilizer sources (Control, DAP, NPS and NPSB) and four potato varieties (Local, Gudenie, Belete and Jalenie). During the experiment: data on growth and yield parameters were collected. Experimental results showed that the interaction between fertilizer source and variety was very significant in terms of physiological maturity, number of main shoots, average tuber weight, marketable tuber weight in t/ha and non-marketable tuber yield in t/ha. The interaction of NPBS mixed with the Jalenie cultivar was found to provide a maximum commercial tuber yield of 23.04 t/ha. Because of this, we were advised to use NPSB and urea fertilizer with variety Jalenie to get the maximum marketable tubers yield under condition of little rainfall and a prolonged dry period.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effect of Fertilizer Type and Variety on Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) at South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-12-14 08:51:48","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3748647/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":2}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4e536051-a855-4a72-acd0-19b4d5d35484","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 14th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":27377392,"name":"Agronomy"},{"id":27377393,"name":"Horticulture"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-12-14T08:51:48+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2023-12-14 08:51:48","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3748647","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3748647","identity":"rs-3748647","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"oE6Zbj460LM0Up2FdVbMZ","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}