Associations between breastfeeding and self-reported experience of the ‘10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding’: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of maternity clinic practices in Cyprus

Associations between breastfeeding and self-reported experience of the ‘10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding’: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of maternity clinic practices in Cyprus | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Associations between breastfeeding and self-reported experience of the ‘10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding’: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of maternity clinic practices in Cyprus Mary Economou, Ourania Kolokotroni, Irene Paphiti-Demetriou, Christiana Kouta, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4131690/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Even though the beneficial effect of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative’s (BFHI) 10 Steps on breastfeeding initiation, continuation and exclusivity is well established, implementation in maternity care services remains suboptimal. Objective To assess the implementation of the “10 Steps for Successful Breastfeeding” and explore associations with any Breastfeeding (BF) and Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) initiation and continuation. Methods Implementation of the 10 Steps was assessed on the basis of a consecutive sample of 568 mothers’ self-reported experience across all public (N = 5) and 29 (of 35) private maternity clinics using the WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative questionnaire (Section 4) within the first 24–48 hours after birth. BF and EBF were estimated within 48 hours after birth as well as at 1st, 4th and 6th month based on a self-reported current status method. Associations with initiation and continuation of any (BF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to the 6th month were explored in logistic regression after adjusting for potential confounders, including maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. Associations were explored with individual steps as well as the overall experience, operationalized as the sum score of full, partial or no implementation of each self-assessment questionnaire item, with the exclusion of Step 6 (exclusivity). Results At mean score 6.2 (SD = 2.7), the overall 10 steps experience, was low (theoretical range 0–14), even among those who breastfed exclusively (M = 7.7, SD = 2.0). EBF and BF initiation and continuation showed a stepwise association with self-reported experience of the 10 steps. Across quartiles of increasing scores within 48 hours after birth, the prevalence of EBF was 7.5%, 14.4%, 19.0% and 34.2%. Mothers who experienced full or partial implementation of Step 4 (timely initiation with skin-to-skin) were more likely to initiate and continue BF and EBF up to the 4th month, while use of pacifiers was more likely to have an adverse effect on breastfeeding continuation and exclusivity. Conclusion The Baby Friendly hospital’s “10 Steps” are associated with BF initiation while certain practices seem to be more strongly associated with exclusivity and continuation of breastfeeding up to the sixth month While breastfeed intention may determine the actual experience of the 10 steps, this also suggests that maternity care practices can have a supportive role for mothers to succeed their intentions to BF and EBF. Certain practices appeared suboptimal across maternity clinics in Cyprus. Breastfeeding 10 Steps of Successful Breastfeeding maternity practices Breastfeeding exclusivity Introduction Exclusive Breastfeeding is the optimal source of nourishment for infants during the first six months of their life providing immediate as well as life-lasting positive effects ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). A set of recommendations, known as the “10 Steps for Successful Breastfeeding” are described as the optimal maternity healthcare practices for supporting mothers to initiate breastfeeding. Since the launch of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) in 1991, a global program established by WHO and UNICEF, the “ Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding ” ( 4 )” have served as a fundamental component of both national and of national and international strategies for several decades. The BFHI aims to enhance maternity care services by emphasizing on the adherence of maternity care facilities to good practices to support and safeguard breastfeeding. Initially, the development of the 10 steps relied on clinical experience rather than research evidence regarding on their impact in influencing breastfeeding behavior and outcomes. However,, subsequent studies, employing observational and intervention study designs since then, several studies have evaluated the impact of the “10 Steps” and have consistently shown higher rates of breastfeeding initiation and longer breastfeeding duration ( 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). Nevertheless, suboptimal implementation the “10 Steps” has been documented in many countries worldwide ( 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ). In commemorating the 25th Anniversary of the initiative's launch, the WHO (2017) published an analysis of the current status of the BFHI worldwide. The overall estimate indicated that approximately 10% of births took place in hospitals designated as Baby-Friendly, with variations from less than 5% in Africa and Southeast Asia to 36% in the European region. Furthermore, notable disparities were noted between countries, even within the European region. Only twelve out of 47 countries in the WHO European region reported that over 50% of births occurred in baby-friendly designated hospitals, while 16 countries reported having no designated facilities ( 15 ). In Cyprus, even though initiation of breastfeeding appears high at 84% within the first 48 hours after birth, only 1 in 5 mothers initiate exclusive breastfeeding. ( 16 ). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding drops considerably after the first month and, by the sixth month, only 5% of new mothers are exclusively breastfeeding, falling short of the WHO target of at least 50% of infants aged under six months being exclusively breastfed ( 17 ). Despite the National Breastfeeding Committee of the Ministry of Health in Cyprus releasing a National Strategy (2011), identifying breastfeeding as Public Health priority, followed by a National Policy (2015) for Breastfeeding, largely based on promoting the implementation of the “10 steps”, breastfeeding rates remain low while maternity clinics’ practices are neither standardized nor monitored. This considerable heterogeneity in practices across maternity clinics in Cyprus causes insecurity and confusion for the mother with an increased chance of failure to breastfeed ( 18 ). In the absence of a national BFHI accreditation programme, there are no Baby Friendly maternity hospitals or clinics in Cyprus. In recent years, the Cyprus National Committee for Breastfeeding has embarked on the first BFHI accreditation of maternity clinics, which was nevertheless stalled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to several anecdotal reports of suboptimal practices, there is evidence of fragmented and suboptimal implementation of the “Ten Steps” in a sample of maternity units in the capital city Nicosia, as part of the “BrEaST start in life” program ( 19 ). The study showed that the highest degree of implementation was for Step 5 (practical assistance by the healthcare staff). On the contrary, almost none of the mothers experienced Step 9 (no pacifiers or soothers to infants), whilst there appeared to be poor implementation of Step 7 (Rooming-in) and Step 10 (Community support after discharge). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the maternal self-reported implementation of the “10 steps” with initiation, exclusivity and continuation of breastfeeding among women giving birth across a nationwide sample of maternity clinics in Cyprus. Methods Study Design A cross-sectional and longitudinal descriptive study, conducted in two phases between April 2014 and June 2015, involved a two phase approach. This research was part of the wider research program “BrEaST start in life: addressing social inequalities and supporting breastfeeding through inclusion activities ”. In the initial phase, a consecutive nationwide sample of mother-infant dyads participated at the baseline. Their recruitment took place during their stay at maternity clinics over a period of 6–8 weeks from all public hospitals (5 in total) and 29 of 35 private clinics. During the second phase, mothers who provided conduct details (phone and/or email) were followed-up prospectively with a telephone interview at the first, fourth and six months postpartum. Mothers were asked to answer of questionnaire packs that included the tools described below. More information about the study design, was described in detail in previous publications ( 16 , 20 ). Sample Size We conducted precision analysis with finite population correction (as annual number of births is around 10000). According to the analysis, the minimum required sample size to estimate the prevalence of breastfeeding with 95% confidence interval not wider that ± 5% was 370 participants. More information about the calculation of the sample size was described in detail in previous publications ( 16 , 20 ). Eligibility Criteria Eligibility criteria for the selection of mothers who participated in the study are described in detail elsewhere ( 16 , 20 ) Data Collection and tools At baseline, mothers completed a questionnaire pack which included the self-administered WHO/ UNICEF questionnaire - Section 4 ( 21 ) and the Perceived Breastfeeding Self-efficacy scale – short-form (BSES-SF) ( 22 ). Information on infant feeding practices was, also, collected at each time point of follow up. Estimation of BF and EBF Indicators The question “Have you breastfed your newborn baby in the first 48 hours?”, which was included in the baseline questionnaire, was used to estimate breastfeeding initiation. The estimation of exclusivity in breastfeeding was based on a set of questions referring to Step 7 “Implementation of Exclusive Breastfeeding”, as phrased in Section 4 of the BFHI (Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative) questionnaire for mothers’ self-assessment of maternity unit practices were used ( 20 ). This included: • A negative response to the question: “ Did your baby receive any supplement ? “which had to be also confirmed by • A negative response to the question: “ Did your baby receive any of the following?” referring to any supplementation (formula, water or sugar water, other fluids). At first month, mothers were asked about the type, time of introduction and frequency of supplemental feeding including formula, other liquids, solids, medication, vitamin or mineral drops and Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) with the use of the self-reported current status and the 24hr recall method. At fourth and sixth month, additional information was requested in relation with the time of introduction, the type and the frequency of solids. Infant feeding practices at fourth and sixth months were assessed on the basis of self-reported current status, a 24-hour recall as well as a retrospective event calendar method. The latter included the following questions: ‘ Until today has your baby ever had (a) Fruit cream/puree (b) Other creams (e.g farin lactee, rice cream) and (c) Mashed or solid food? ‘ and ’How often does your baby have (a) fruit cream/puree, (b) other creams (e.g farin lactee, rice cream) and (c) Mashed or solid fo od?’ Estimation of BF and EBF indicators is described in detail elsewhere ( 16 ). Assessment of Implementation of Ten Steps The first questionnaire used was the WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative package (Section 4) for self-assessment and monitoring of Baby Friendly Hospitals which is designed to be directed at breastfeeding mothers while at the clinic. “ The 10 Steps for Successful Breastfeeding ” self-assessment and monitoring questionnaire was developed and has been used as practical tool for receiving feedback from mothers with regards to their perceived maternal experience for BFHI’s “ 10 Steps ”. It enables the maternity clinic to make an initial evaluation of the degree of adherence to the maternity practices ( 23 ). The tool covers Steps 3 to 10 as well as the International Code for Breastfeeding Substitutes (ICBS). Steps 1 and 2 are not included since they refer to the clinic's policy and the training of the staff, both of which refer to topics that the services users would not necessarily be aware of or able to comment. The tool consists of 24 multiple choice questions and related sub-questions, based on the “ 10 Steps ”. Definition of the 10 Steps Variables In order to determine the proportion of mothers who experienced each of 10 Steps, both each individual component of a step (where that applies) as well as the full implementation of the step were assessed. The decision was taken in order for the data to provide a more detailed depiction as to which practices are sub-optimally implemented as well as to allow comparisons with other studies that may have looked at certain components separately. Some are operationalized with a single question (Step 9 - no use of pacifier -was considered to be implemented if mothers responded negatively to the question “Has your baby sucked on a pacifier (dummy or soother), as far as you know, while you’ve been in the maternity unit?”), while others need the combination of items to be operationalized. For most questions, if a positive answer is given, then it is considered a positive experience of that particular good maternity practice. Permission to translate and use this scale was provided by the developers. Table 1 S presents a detailed description of the operonalization of the questions of the implementation of the 10 Steps. Estimation of the Sum Score of the 10 Steps To investigate the association of the 10 Steps with BF and EBF status, we categorized participating mothers based on their 10 Steps scores during the first 48 hours into quartiles, with the lowest quartile (range: 0.00–4.00) representing the quartile of mothers with the lowest sum scores. The upper quartile represents the quartile of mothers with the highest sum scores (range: 7.00–14.00). The second quartile ranged between 4.00–5.00 and the third quartile between 5.00–7.00. For binary variables, no implementation was given a score of zero while full implementation was given a score of two. Similarly, no implementation was scored with zero, while partial and full implementation were scored with one and two, respectively, for categorical variables. Ethical Considerations Before commencing the study, all required approvals were obtained including approval from the Cyprus National Bioethics Committee, the Research Promotion Committee of the Ministry of Health. Furthermore, notification was sent to the Commissioner of Personal Data Protection. Permission to utilize all study tools was granted by the developers. Written informed consent was acquired from all mothers for their participation for each phase of the study. Confidentiality and anonymity was guaranteed. Mothers were informed that their participation was on volunteer basis and that they could withdraw their participation at any time point of the study. Statistical Analysis Summary statistics were used for the description of the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants at baseline. The difference in the prevalence of BF and EBF within the first 48 hours after birth by the self-reported experience of the “10 Steps” as measured at baseline, at follow up and the 10 Steps Sum Scores, was assessed using chi-square tests. Logistic regression models were performed to examine the association of the self-reported experience of the “10 steps” (independent variables) with BF/EBF initiation and continuation as dependent variables. Stepwise regression models were used in order to identify the association of the 10 steps with each of the study outcomes of interest before and after mutually adjusting for each other. Results Participant characteristics Out of the total of 1006 women initially approached, only 797 met the eligibility criteria. The final sample included 586 women resulting in a response rate of 73·5%. Amongst the 586 participants at the baseline phase of the study, 372 (response rate: 63.5%) were contacted by telephone at first month, 383 at fourth month and 340 sixth month. More information on the process of participant selection is described in detail elsewhere ( 16 ). Figure 1S shows a flow diagram of participation of mothers at each stage of the study. Table 1 also presents the socio-demographic profile of participants that gave birth in the public and private sector, respectively. About 1 in 3 mothers that gave birth to the public sector were aged 18–24 years, in comparison to 20.9% of those that selected the private sector in the same age group (p-value < 0.001). The majority of mothers that gave birth at the private sector had a full time employment status, significantly higher than those that chose the public sector (68.2% vs 47.2%; p < 0.001). In contrast, the proportion of unemployed mothers that gave birth at the public sector was about three times higher than those that chose the private sector. There was evidence of a social gradient in favor of mothers of higher socioeconomic position. Mothers with higher educational attainment or with higher family income were more likely give birth at the private sector. Similarly, mothers with college/ undergraduate education and postgraduate education were more likely to give birth in the private than in the public sector (32.1% and 25.1% vs 25.5% and 14.2%, respectively). Mothers that reported of monthly family net income lower than 1500 euro were about twice more likely to give birth at the public than the private sector, while the proportion of mothers with monthly net family income 1500–3000 and 3000–4500 euro that gave birth to the private sector was about two and a half times higher than the public section with 41.2% vs 17.9% (p-value < 0.001). With regards of country of origin, 76.2% of Cypriot mothers gave birth to the private sector in comparison with 16.0% of non-Cypriot mothers. About half of the mothers that gave birth in the public sector have a vaginal birth, in comparison with 36.9% of mothers that selected the private sector. Primiparous were more likely to choose the private sector than multiparous (51.6% vs 44.7%). Mean sum score for the 10 Steps was 6.2 (SD = 2.7) with mothers giving birth at the public sector having a higher mean score than those that gave birth in the private sector (7.1; SD = 2.7 vs 5.7; SD = 2.6; p-value < 0.001). Mothers that reported that they breastfed exclusively and gave birth in the public sector had a mean score of 8.5 (SD = 2.0) in comparison those that EBF and gave birth in the private sector (7.1; SD = 2.8). Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics and mean sum score of the 10 Steps at (a) baseline and (b) between the public and private sector Baseline Public Private N = 586 % % (N) % (N) p-value Age (years)* 18–24 145 24.7 31.6 (67) 20.9 (78) 0.022 25–29 258 44.0 41.5 (88) 45.5 (170) 30–34 117 20.0 18.4 ( 39 ) 20.9 (78) 35–39 28 4.8 3.3 ( 7 ) 5.6 ( 21 ) ≥ 40 9 1.5 2.4 ( 5 ) 1.1 ( 4 ) Not stated 29 4.9 2.8 ( 6 ) 6.1 ( 23 ) Education* Primary school 4 0.7 0.5 ( 1 ) 0.8 ( 3 ) < 0.001 Secondary school 234 39.9 53.8 (114) 32.1 (120) College/ Undergraduate 183 31.2 25.5 (54) 34.5 (129) Postgraduate Degree 124 21.2 14.2 ( 30 ) 25.1 (94) Not stated 41 7.0 6.1 ( 13 ) 7.5 ( 28 ) Marital Status* Married/ Cohabiting 543 92.7 91.1 (193) 93.6 (350) 0.006 Single 12 2.0 4.2 ( 9 ) 0.8 ( 3 ) Divorced/ Separated 2 0.3 0.9 ( 2 ) 0.0 (0) Not stated 29 4.9 3.8 ( 8 ) 5.6 ( 21 ) Employment Status* Full Time 355 60.6 47.2 (100) 68.2 (255) < 0.001 Part Time 65 11.1 12.3 ( 26 ) 10.4 ( 39 ) Unemployed 134 22.9 38.2 (81) 14.2 (53) Not stated 32 5.5 2.4 ( 5 ) 7.2 ( 27 ) Monthly Family Net Income* <= €1500 230 39.2 57.5 (122) 28.9 (108) €1501- €3000 192 32.8 17.9 ( 38 ) 41.2 (154) €4501 17 2.9 1.9 ( 4 ) 3.5 ( 13 ) Not stated 93 15.9 18.9 ( 40 ) 14.2 (53) Country of Origin* Cypriot 419 71.5 63.2 (134) 76.2 (85) < 0.001 Not Cypriot 129 22.0 32.5 (69) 16.0 (60) Not stated 38 6.5 4.2 ( 9 ) 7.8 ( 29 ) Type Of Birth* Vaginal 249 42.5 52.4 (111) 36.9 (138) < 0.001 Caesarian section 320 54.6 46.7 (99) 59.1 (221) Not stated 17 2.9 0.9 ( 9 ) 4.0 ( 15 ) Parity* Primiparous 278 47.4 40.1 (85) 51.6 (193) 0.001 Multiparous 292 49.8 59.0 (125) 44.7 (167) Not stated 16 2.7 0.9 ( 2 ) 3.7 ( 14 ) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean Score of the 10 Steps 6.2 (2.7) 7.1(2.7) 5.7 (2.6) < 0.001 Mean Score of the 10 Steps for EBF within 48 hours after birth 7.7 (2.5) 8.5 (2.0) 7.1 (2.8) 0.003 *p-value of Chi-square was used for categorical variables; p-value of independed variables was used for continuous variables BF and Implementation of the Steps Table 2 presents the prevalence of breastfeeding initiation and continuation up to the 6th month according to the self-reported experience of the 10 Steps for Successful Breastfeeding. Table 2 Prevalence of any breastfeeding initiation and continuation up to the 6th month according to self-reported experience of the “10 steps”. WHO steps for Successful Breastfeeding N 48hours % BF (N) p-value N 1st month % BF (N) p-value N 4th month % BF (N) p-value N 6th month % BF (N) p-value N = 494 N = 274 N = 169 N = 122 Step 3: Information on BF prenatally Not Implemented 339 82.9 (281) 0.143 219 78.1 (171) 0.080 228 46.9 (107) 0.134 215 35.3 (76) 0.283 Partially Implemented 164 83.5 (137) 103 67.0 (69) 110 35.5 ( 39 ) 109 26.6 ( 29 ) Fully Implemented 83 91.7 (76) 49 69.4 ( 34 ) 55 41.8 ( 23 ) 52 32.7 ( 17 ) Step 4: Early initiation of BF (a) Held the baby within 5 mins Not implemented 266 75.6 (201) < 0.001 170 68.2 (116) 0.025 188 34.5 (61) 0.002 192 27.0 ( 47 ) 0.024 Implemented 320 91.6 (293) 201 78.6 (158) 227 50.5 (109) 225 37.1 (75) (b) Skin to Skin Not implemented 433 81.5 (353) 0.002 273 72.5 (198) 0.332 288 37.2 (107) < 0.001 276 29.3 (81) 0.033 Implemented 153 92.2 (141) 92 77.5 (76) 105 59.0 (62) 100 41.0 ( 41 ) (c) Both Not implemented 464 81.5 (378) < 0.001 294 72.4(213) 0.247 310 37.7 (117) < 0.001 299 29.4 (88) 0.020 Implemented 122 95.1 (116) 77 79.2 (61) 83 63.9 (53) 77 44.2 ( 34 ) Step 5: Help provided on BF (a) Help provided on BF Not implemented 90 44.4 ( 40 ) < 0.001 60 39 (65.0) 0.088 63 28 (44.4) 0.801 57 29.8( 17 ) 0.646 Implemented 496 91.5 (454) 311 75.6 (235) 330 141 (42.7) 319 32.9 (105) (b) Help provided on Baby positioning and attaching for BF Not implemented 86 44.2 ( 38 ) < 0.001 53 62.3 ( 33 ) 0.038 56 32.1 ( 18 ) 0.076 52 25.0 ( 13 ) 0.217 Implemented 500 91.2 (456) 318 75.8 (241) 337 44.8 (151) 324 33.6 (109) (c) Both Not implemented 122 54.1 (66) < 0.001 78 65.4 ( 51 ) 0.055 81 39.5 ( 32 ) 0.476 76 26.3 ( 20 ) 0.201 Implemented 464 92.2 (428) 293 76.1 (223) 312 43.9 (137) 300 34.0 (102) Step 7: Rooming In Not implemented 389 80.7 (314) 0.001 236 74.2 (175) 0.863 251 41.0 (103) 0.295 243 30.0 (73) 0.178 Implemented 197 91.4 (180) 135 73.3 (99) 142 46.5 (66) 133 36.8 ( 49 ) Step 8: Feeding on demand (a) Feeding every time the baby is hungry Not implemented 338 76.9 (260) 223 70.0 (156) 229 36.2 (83) 221 27.1 (60) Implemented 248 94.4 (234) < 0.001 148 79.7 (118) 0.036 164 52.4 (86) 0.001 155 40.0 (62) 0.009 (b) Feeding as long as the baby wants to Not implemented 273 75.8 (207) 168 72.6 (122) 181 42.5 (77) 170 30.0 ( 51 ) Implemented 313 91.7 (287) < 0.001 203 74.9 (152) 0.622 212 43.4 (92) 0.865 206 34.5 (71) 0.357 (c) Both Not implemented 413 80.4 (332) 263 70.7 (186) 273 38.5 (105) 294 83.7 (246) 0.676 Implemented 173 93.6 (162) < 0.001 108 81.5 (88) 0.032 120 53.3 (64) 0.006 114 43.0 ( 49 ) 0.004 Step 9: No use of pacifier Not implemented 294 83.7 (246) 0.676 188 127 (67.6) 0.005 195 36.9 (72) 0.016 188 25.0 ( 47 ) 0.002 Implemented 292 84.9 (248) 183 147 (80.3) 198 49.0 (97) 188 39.9 (75) Step 10: Guidance for seeking support Not implemented 442 81.4 (360) 0.001 279 72.8 (203) 0.403 289 40.1 (116) 0.056 273 30.0 (82) 0.104 Implemented 144 93.1 (134) 92 77.2 (71) 104 51.0 (53) 103 38.8 ( 40 ) ICBS Not implemented 145 69.7 (101) < 0.001 91 68.1 (62) 0.153 102 42.2 ( 43 ) 0.841 94 30.9 ( 29 ) 0.703 Implemented 441 89.1 (393) 280 75.7 (212) 291 43.3 (126) 282 33.0 (93) P-value of chi square analysis for categorical variables Implementation of Step 4, either partial or full, appeared to be the most influential on breastfeeding initiation and continuation up to the sixth month. Over 90% of the mothers who either held their newborn within 5 mins after birth and/or experienced skin to skin reported of BF initiation during hospital stay. Significantly lower was the proportion of mothers who initiated BF among those who first held their newborn after 5 mins , at 75.6% (p-value: <0.001) or did not practice skin to skin at 81.5% (p-value = 0.002) or did not experience full implementation of step 4 (early initiation with skin-to-skin) at 81.5% (p-value < 0.001). These differences according to whether Step 4 was practiced were evident with BF continuation up to the sixth month. About half of the mothers who held their newborn within the first 5 mins after birth reported breastfeeding at the fourth month compared to 34.5% of those who did not (p-value = 0.002). A striking difference in the prevalence of BF was also recorded at the fourth month with mothers who experienced skin-to-skin being more likely to breastfeed (59.0%) compared to those who did not experienced skin-to-skin at 37.2% (p-value < 0.001). Even larger was the difference in the prevalence of BF between mothers who experienced a full implementation of Step 4 (early initiation and skin-to-skin) compared to those who did not report experiencing any of the two components. Specifically, 63.9% of mothers who initiated breastfeeding within 5 mins with skin-to-skin contact were breastfeeding at the fourth month, which was nearly twice higher than the equivalent figure (37.7%) among those who did not fully experienced step 4 (p-value < 0.001). At the sixth month, the prevalence of BF fell to 44.2% among mothers who experienced full implementation of Step 4, but this was still much higher than the 29.8% estimated among those who did not (p-value = 0.020). Among mothers who received help on BF or practical assistance on baby positioning and attaching (step 5) , 91.5% and 91.2% initiated BF. This was about two times higher than those who did not experienced either of the two components of Step 5 with 44.4% and 44.2%, respectively (p-value < 0.001). Differences in the prevalence of BF initiation appeared slightly smaller when both components were considered together. More than 90% of those experienced full implementation of step 5, in comparison to 54.1% among those who did report any of the two components of Step 5 (p-value < 0.001). Again, the association is more likely to be bi-directional as to some extent mothers who intent to breastfeed are more likely to request assistance compared to mothers who decided they would not breastfeed their infants. At the first month, the prevalence of any BF among mothers who experienced either partial or full implementation of step 5 still appeared higher (Full implementation: 76.1% vs 65.4%, p-value = 0.055; help on positioning and attaching on BF : 75.8% vs 62.3%, p-value = 0.038; help on BF : 75.6% vs 65.0%, p-value = 0.088) At the fourth month, differences in the prevalence of BF persisted only for those who reported receiving practical assistance on BF positioning and attaching (44.8% vs 32.1%; p-value = 0.078). Differences were no longer evident at the sixth month. The majority of mothers (91.4%) who experienced rooming-in initiated BF during hospital stay. This proportion was higher by comparison to those who did report rooming-in (80.7%). The difference was statistically significant (p-value = 0.001), even though in terms of its clinical significance, it corresponds to a difference of only one additional mother initiating breastfeeding for every ten mothers rooming-in. This suggests that while mothers who room-in are more likely to breastfeed, the prevalence of breastfeeding initiation was relatively high even among mothers who did not room-in with their infants. In contrast, while implementation of Step 9 ( no use of pacifier ) did not appear to relate to initiation of breastfeeding while in the clinic (p-value = 0.676), it was associated with the likelihood of longer breastfeeding duration (80.3% vs 67.7% at first month, value = 0.005; 49.0% vs 36.4% at the fourth month, p-value = 0.016 and 39.9% vs 25.0% at the sixth month, p-value = 0.002). Implementation of Step 8 ( advice to breastfeed on demand ), either partial or full, was found to be significantly associated with BF initiation with 94.4% versus 76.9% comparing women who do and do not report receiving correct information about feeding frequency (p-value < 0.001), 91.7% versus 75.8% comparing women who do and do not report receiving correct information about feeding duration (p-value < 0.001) and 93.6% versus 80.4% (p-value < 0.001) comparing women who report receiving correct information about both aspects of “on demand” feeding compared to none. Interestingly, differences in the prevalence of BF within the first six months persisted for women who reported full implementation of step 8, or at least among those reporting receiving the correct advice in terms of feeding frequency ( whenever the baby want to ), but not in terms of feeding duration ( for as long as the baby needs ). An association was also observed between the implementation of the ICMBS as well as Step 10 (advice about seeking help after discharge) with in-hospital BF initiation. Neither of these two aspects, however, seem to be associated with the prevalence of breastfeeding in the longer term. Finally, no association was found between BF initiation and the implementation of Step 3 (information on BF in the prenatal period). While women who reported receiving information about the benefits and management of BF in the prenatal period appeared slightly more likely to initiate BF while at the clinic, the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the prevalence of breastfeeding in the longer term did not seem to differ according to whether women received information prenatally. In fact, and somewhat paradoxically, women who did not report receiving information, were slightly more likely to continue to breastfeed at the first, fourth and sixth month, even though the observed differences were not statistically significant. EBF and Implementation of the Steps The prevalence of EBF initiation and continuation to the sixth month on the basis of the self-reported experience of the 10 Steps while at the clinic are presented in Table 3 . In general, the pattern of association between each of the “10 steps” and the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding observed is similar to that described above in the case of any breastfeeding. However, in the case of exclusive breastfeeding even fewer aspects of the “good maternity” practices were found to be associated with EBF initiation and continuation up to the sixth month. Table 3 Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding initiation and continuation up to the 6th month according to self-reported experience of the “10 steps”. WHO steps for Successful Breastfeeding N 48hours % (N) p-value§ N 1st month % (N) p-value§ N 4th month % (N) p-value§ N 6th month % (N) p-value§ N = 110 N = 64 N = 51 N = 21 Step 3: Information on BF prenatally Not Implemented 339 18.3 (63) 0.252 219 19.6 ( 43 ) 0.343 244 13.4 ( 34 ) 0.465 256 5.7 ( 14 ) 0.735 Partially Implemented 164 22.0 ( 36 ) 103 13.6 ( 14 ) 115 9.6 ( 11 ) 116 4.3 ( 5 ) Fully Implemented 83 13.3 ( 12 ) 49 14.3 ( 7 ) 56 10.7 ( 6 ) 56 3.6 ( 2 ) Step 4: Early initiation of BF (a) Held the baby within 5 minutes Not Implemented 266 12.4 ( 33 ) < 0.001 170 12.9 ( 22 ) 0.053 188 8.5 ( 16 ) 0.036 192 4.2 ( 8 ) 0.507 Implemented 320 24.1 |(77) 201 20.9 ( 42 ) 227 15.4 ( 35 ) 225 5.8 ( 13 ) (b) Skin to Skin Not Implemented 433 13.9 (60) < 0.001 273 13.2 ( 36 ) 0.001 304 8.6 ( 26 ) < 0.001 307 3.3 ( 10 ) 0.006 Implemented 153 32.7 ( 50 ) 98 28.6 ( 28 ) 111 22.5 ( 25 ) 110 10.0 ( 11 ) (c) Both Not Implemented 464 13.8 (64) < 0.001 294 12.9 ( 38 ) < 0.001 328 8.5 ( 28 ) < 0.001 332 3.6 ( 12 ) 0.005 Implemented 122 37.7 ( 46 ) 77 33.8 ( 26 ) 8 26.4 ( 23 ) 85 10.6 ( 10 ) Step 5: Help provided on BF (a) Help provided on BF Not Implemented 90 21.1 ( 19 ) 0.537 60 18.3 ( 11 ) 0.808 67 17.9 ( 12 ) 0.126 67 4.5 ( 3 ) 0.820 Implemented 496 18.3 (91) 311 17.0 (53) 348 11.2 ( 39 ) 350 5.1 ( 18 ) (b) Help provided on Baby positioning and attaching for BF Not Implemented 86 16.3 ( 14 ) 0.522 53 20.8 ( 11 ) 0.466 60 16.7 ( 10 ) 0.264 60 6.7 ( 4 ) 0.532 Implemented 500 19.2 (96) 318 16.7 (53) 355 41 (11.5) 357 7.8 ( 17 ) (c) Both Not Implemented 122 20.5 ( 25 ) 0.584 78 17.9 ( 14 ) 0.854 87 14.9 ( 13 ) 0.396 87 4.6 ( 4 ) 0.834 Implemented 464 18.3 (85) 293 17.1 ( 50 ) 328 11.6 ( 38 ) 330 5.2 ( 17 ) Step 7: Rooming In Not Implemented 389 43 (11.1) < 0.001 236 16.5 ( 39 ) 0.625 267 11.6 ( 31 ) 0.572 270 4.1 ( 11 ) 0.223 Implemented 197 67 (34.0) 135 18.5 ( 25 ) 148 13.5 ( 20 ) 147 6.8 ( 10 ) Step 8: Feeding on demand (a) Feeding every time the baby is hungry Not Implemented 338 15.4 (52) 0.014 223 13.5 ( 30 ) 0.017 247 10.1 ( 25 ) 0.103 249 5.2 ( 13 ) 0.834 Implemented 248 23.4 (58) 148 23.0 ( 34 ) 168 15.5 ( 26 ) 168 4.8 ( 8 ) (b) Feeding as long as the baby wants to Not Implemented 273 16.1 ( 44 ) 0.124 168 16.1 ( 27 ) 0.584 189 21 (11.1) 0.504 189 3.7 ( 7 ) 0.257 Implemented 313 21.1 (66) 203 18.2 ( 37 ) 226 13.3 ( 30 ) 228 6.1 ( 14 ) (c) Both Not Implemented 413 15.5 (64) 0.002 263 14.4 ( 38 ) 0.026 293 10.9 ( 32 ) 0.188 294 4.8 ( 14 ) 0.692 Implemented 173 26.6 ( 46 ) 108 24.1 ( 26 ) 122 15.6 ( 19 ) 123 5.7 ( 7 ) Step 9: No use of pacifiers Not Implemented 294 10.2 ( 30 ) < 0.001 188 8.0 ( 15 ) < 0.001 209 8.6 ( 18 ) 0.022 210 2.4 ( 5 ) 0.013 Implemented 292 27.4 (80) 183 26.8 ( 49 ) 206 33 (16.0) 207 7.7 ( 16 ) Step 10: Guidance for seeking support Not Implemented 442 18.1 (80) 0.466 279 18.6 (52) 0.218 304 12.2 ( 37 ) 0.903 304 5.6 ( 17 ) 0.394 Implemented 144 20.8 ( 30 ) 92 13.0 ( 12 ) 111 12.6 ( 14 ) 113 3.5 ( 4 ) ICBS Not Implemented 145 14.5 ( 21 ) 0.127 91 17.6 ( 16 ) 0.923 109 13.8 ( 15 ) 0.586 111 7.2 ( 8 ) 0.222 Implemented 441 20.2 (89) 280 17.1 ( 48 ) 306 11.8 ( 36 ) 306 4.2 ( 13 ) §p-value of Chi square analysis The prevalence of EBF initiation was significantly higher among mothers who experienced partial or complete implementation of Step 4 (early contact with baby with skin-to-skin) The proportion of mothers who initiated EBF within the first 48 hours was about 2 times higher among those who held their infant within the first 5 mins after birth (24.1%) in comparison to those that did not (12.4%; p-value < 0.001). In relation of skin-to-skin, 32.7% among those who report holding their baby skin-to-skin, breastfeeding their baby exclusively in the clinic, which was about 2 times higher than those who did not (13.9%; p-value < 0.001). The difference was more striking for full implementation of Step 4 since as many as 37.7% versus 13.8% of women reported breastfeeding their baby exclusively while at the clinic (p-value < 0.001). This difference in the likelihood to be breastfeeding exclusively persisted in the case of skin-to-skin and in the case of full implementation of Step 4 up to the sixth month. Mothers who experienced skin-to-skin were consistently about two to three times as likely to be breastfeeding exclusively in the longer term compared to those who did not (1st month: 28.6% vs 13.2%, p-value < 0.001; 4th month:22.5% vs 8.6%, p-value < 0.001; 6th month: 10.0% vs 3.3% p-value = 0.006). The differences were even stronger when full implementation of step 4 was considered (1st month: 33.8% vs 12.9%, p-value < 0.001; 4th month:26.4% vs 8.5%, p-value < 0.001; 6th month: 10.6% vs 3.6% p-value = 0.005). EBF initiation was also associated with good advice in terms of Feeding Frequency (“ any time the baby wants to” ) and full implementation of Step 8 ( Feeding on Demand ), but not with good advice with regards to Feeding Duration alone (“ as long as the baby wants to” ). Any effect on “good advice” with regards to feeding on demand was evident only at the first month. Beyond that, the prevalence of women exclusively feeding their infants at fourth and sixth month did not differ according to whether the reported being given advice on feeding on demand while at the clinic. In relation to rooming-in, women who practiced it were three times more likely to be exclusively breastfeeding while at the clinic (34.0% vs 11.1%; p-value < 0.001). However, any association between rooming-in and exclusive breastfeeding was restricted to the first 48 hours, as was the case with any breastfeeding. The likelihood of women exclusively breastfeeding in the longer term did not differ according to whether they roomed-in with their infants while at the clinic. In contrast, and again similarly to the case of any breastfeeding, Step 9 (no use of pacifiers) appears to have a positive association with EBF initiation as well as its continuation up to the sixth month. While at the clinic, women who did not report using pacifiers, were nearly three times more likely to exclusively breastfeed (27.4% Vs 10.2; p-value < 0.001). Similarly, women who did not report using pacifiers while at the clinic, were at least twice as likely to be exclusively breastfeeding at the first, fourth and sixth month (in all cases p-value < 0.01). Finally, no association was found between exclusive breastfeeding and Step 3 (information on breastfeeding in the prenatal period), Step 5 (offered practical assistance), Step 10 (advice on seeking help in the community) and the implementation of the ICMBS. Prevalence of EBF by the Sum Score of the 10 Steps As shown in Table 4 , both EBF initiation as well as continuation up to the sixth month showed a clear stepwise increasing pattern across quartiles of mothers with increasing 10 Steps sum score. For instance, the quartile of mothers with highest sum scores were more likely to breastfeeding exclusively during their staying in the maternity clinic (34.2%). In contrast, among the quartile of mothers with the lowest BSES scores only 7.5% initiated EBF (p-value < 0.001). The prevalence of EBF for the two middle groups (2nd and 3rd quartiles) appeared in-between with 14.4% and 19.0%, respectively. Table 4 Prevalence of Breastfeeding and Exclusive Breastfeeding at the first 48 hours as well as at the first, fourth and sixth month according to quartiles of increasing levels of the sum score of implementing of the 10 steps for successful breastfeeding as experienced by mothers within 48 hours after birth 24hours 1st month 4th month 6th month No BF Mixed BF EBF No BF Mixed BF EBF No BF Mixed BF EBF No BF Mixed BF EBF N % (N) % (N) % (N) N % (N) % (N) N % (N) % (N) % (N) N % (N) % (N) % (N) Lower Quartile (range:0.00–4.00) 147 40.8 (60) 51.7 (76) 7.5 ( 11 ) 90 33.3 ( 30 ) 54.4 ( 49 ) 11.0 (12.2) 93 62.4 (58) 23.7 ( 22 ) 14.0 ( 13 ) 89 71.9 (64) 24.7 ( 22 ) 3.4 ( 3 ) 2nd Quartile (range: 4.00–5.00) 146 10.3 ( 15 ) 75.3 (110) 14.4 ( 21 ) 97 27.8 ( 27 ) 58. (57) 13.4 ( 13 ) 95 63.2 (60) 27.4 ( 26 ) 9.5 ( 9 ) 90 71.9(64) 24.7 ( 22 ) 3.4 ( 3 ) 3rd Quartile (range: 5.00–7.00) 147 7.5 ( 11 ) 75.3 (108) 19.0 ( 28 ) 88 22.7 ( 20 ) 54.5 ( 48 ) 22.7 ( 20 ) 98 58.7 (57) 28.6 ( 28 ) 13.3 ( 13 ) 95 74.4 (67) 1.9 ( 17 ) 6.7 ( 6 ) Upper Quartile (range: 7.00–14.00) 146 4.1 ( 6 ) 61.6 (90) 34.2 ( 50 ) 94 20.8 (20.8) 58.3 (56) 20.8 ( 20 ) 106 44.3 ( 47 ) 40.6 ( 47 ) 15.1 ( 16 ) 101 53.5 (54) 40.6 ( 41 ) 5.9 ( 6 ) P-value < 0.001 0.240 0.093 0.014 p-value for trend < 0.001 0.011 0.034 0.015 Sum Score min-max: 0 (implementation of no step) -14 (all steps experienced); Scores of binary variables: 0 (no implementation) and 2 (full implementation); Scores of categorical variables: 0 ( no implementation), 1 ( partial implementation) and 2 ( full implementation); Sample Size at each time point: Ν = 586 during the first 48 hours, Ν = 372 at 1st month, Ν = 415 at 4th month and Ν = 417 at 6th month; p-values of Chi-square test of independence and chi-square test for trend (Linear-by-Linear) is reported At the first month, among mothers at the upper quartile of sum scores were almost two times as many as those in the lower quartile were exclusively breastfeeding (20.8% vs 11.0%, p-value = 0.240). Differences in the prevalence of EBF at the fourth month were narrower, as 15.1% of mothers at the upper quartile of the scores were more likely to be exclusively breastfeeding compared to 14.0% of women at the lower quartile (p-value = 0.093). Fewer than 10% of the mothers at the upper quartile were exclusively breastfeeding at the sixth month, in comparison to those at the lowest quartile (3.4%; p-value = 0.014). Association of the 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding with breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding EBF Full implementation of both components of Step 4 appeared to have a strong association with EBF initiation with adjOR = 3.75 (95% CI:2.09, 6.72; p-value = < 0.001), but this was not apparent for partial implementation of Step 4 (adjOR = 1.19 (95% CI:0.68, 2.08; p-value = 0.537) However, a decrease in the odds was observed, and the association was statistically significant only for full implementation with adjOR = 2.87 (95% CI: 1.44, 5.71; p-value = 0.003), but not for partial implementation (adjOR = 0.945, 95% CI: 0.47, 1.90; p-value = 0.880). The association with full, but not partial, implementation, of Step 4 was still evident at the first month (adjOR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.44, 5.71, p-value = 0.003) and at the fourth month. Specifically, women who reported full implementation of step 4 were about 5-times more likely to be exclusively breastfeeding at the fourth month (adjOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.27, 10.88; p-value < 0.001) ( Table 5 ) . Table 5 Stepwise Logistic Binary Regression Analysis of EBF at 48 hours and up to the sixth month with regards to the implementation of the 10 Steps 48 hours 1st month 4th month 6th month AdjOR (95% CI) p-value AdjOR(95% CI) p-value AdjOR (95% CI) p-value AdjOR (95% CI) p-value Step 3: Information on BF prenatally None 1.00 Partial 1.15 (0.69, 1.90) 0.597 Full 0.37 (0.17, 0.81) 0.012 Step 4: Early initiation of BF None 1.00 1.00 1.00 Partial 1.19 (0.68, 2.08) 0.537 0.945 (0.47, 1.90) 0.874 1.22 (0.55, 2.75) 0.624 Full 3.75 (2.09, 6.72) < 0.001 2.87 (1.44, 5.71) 0.003 4.97 (2.27, 10.88) < 0.001 Step 5: Help provided on BF None 1.00 Partial 0.24 (0.06, 0.88) 0.032 Full 0.30 (0.12, 0.72) 0.008 Step 7: Rooming In No 1.00 Yes 3.47 (2.18, 5.51) < 0.001 Step 8: None Partial Full Step 9: No Use of a Pacifier No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 2.50 (1.54, 4.07) < 0.001 3.79 (2.02, 7.13) < 0.001 3.44 (1.23, 9.56) 0.018 Similarly, the implementation of Step 9 (no use of pacifiers) was positively associated with EBF initiation, as well as continuation of exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers who practiced Step 9 during hospital stay appear about two times more likely to initiate exclusive breastfeeding and about 3–4 times more likely to continue EBF in the longer term. For instance, mothers who did not use pacifiers while at the clinic were 3.44-times (95% 1.23, 9.56) more likely to be exclusively breastfeeding at the sixth month. On the other hand, rooming-in appears to be associated with EBF initiation (adjOR: 3.47, 95% CI: 2.18, 5.51; p-value < 0.001), but not with the likelihood that a mother will continue exclusively breastfeeding in the longer term. Interestingly, while an association was observed between Step 3 (information on the benefits and management of breastfeeding in the prenatal period) and EBF initiation [adjOR = 2.24, 95% CI 0.98, 5.11; p-value = 0.055 (data not shown)] before considering the other variables, this association reversed in the adjusted models (which retain step4: early contact with skin-to-skin, step 7: rooming-in and step 9: no use of pacifiers as the most predictive of EBF initiation). It is not entirely clear what might explain the reversal of the association (adjOR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.17, 0.81) once the most predictive variables are included in the model. Since the variable refers to information being given in the prenatal period, it may suggest that among women who practiced skin-to-skin, rooming-in and use no pacifiers, it is the ones who did not attend prenatal classes (where such information is more likely to have been provided) who were more likely to initiate exclusively breastfeeding. BF Table 6 shows the stepwise regression models for the association between BF at 48 hours as well as at the first, fourth and sixth months with self-reported experience of the “10 steps”. Implementation of Step 5 (practical assistance with breastfeeding) appeared to have the greatest effect on BF initiation than any other step both after considering all others in a stepwise model. Mother who experienced either partial, or even more so full, implementation of this step were 8–22 times more likely to initiate BF (adjOR: 8.61, 95% CI: 3.29, 22.52, p-value < 0.001 at partial and adjOR: 21.72, 95% CI: 9.69, 48.69, p-value < 0.001 at full implementation). Nevertheless, this is not surprising, since it only suggests that women who decided they would not breastfeed at all, were simply not offered assistance by the maternity clinic staff. Based on the findings reported in the previous section, practical assistance with BF by the maternity clinic staff was only predicting that a woman will initiate breastfeeding, and not whether she will exclusively breastfeed, as no association was observed between step 5 and EBF. Table 6 Stepwise Logistic Binary Regression Analysis of BF at 48 hours and up to the sixth month with regards to the implementation of the 10 Steps 48 hours 1st month 4th month 6th month AdjOR (95% CI) p-value AdjOR (95% CI) p-value AdjOR (95% CI) p-value AdjOR (95% CI) p-value Step 3 None 1.00 Partial 0.54 (0.31, 0.92) 0.023 Full 0.56 (0.28, 1.14) 0.107 Step 4: Early initiation of BF None 1.00 1.00 Partial 1.831 (0.998, 3.360) 0.051 1.52 (0.953, 2.401) 0.079 Full 4.227 (1.624, 11.00) 0.003 3.603 (2.059. 6.302) < 0.001 Step 5: Help provided on BF None 1.00 1.00 Partial 8.606 (3.288, 22.524) < 0.001 2.01 (0.757, 5.328) 0.161 Full 21.721 (9.690, 48.688) < 0.001 2.857 (1.321, 6.178) 0.008 Step 8: Feeding on demand None 1.00 1.00 Partial 2.876 (1.491, 5.547) 0.002 0.82 (0.47, 1.42) 0.479 Full 3.623 (1.687, 7.779) 0.001 1.77 (1.03, 3.03) 0.038 Step 9: No use of pacifier No 1.00 1.00 Yes 2.091 (1.281, 3.412) 0.003 2.01 (1.28, 3.14) 0.002 ICBS No 1.00 Yes 2.845 (1.570, 5.155) 0.001 On the other hand, as with the case of exclusive breastfeeding, implementation of Step 4 (partial or full) was positively associated with BF initiation as well as continuation. Mothers who experienced one of the two components of Step 4 were about two times more likely to initiate BF (adjOR: 1.83 (95% CI: 0.998, 3.360, p-value = 0.051). Mothers who experienced any (but not both) of the two components were 1.52-times more likely to breastfeed (95% CI: 1.39, 4.74, p-value = 0.003). Full implementation of Step 4 (i.e. holding baby within 5 mins and practicing skin-to- skin) was one of the most predictive variables of the likelihood a mother would breastfeed in the longer term. Mothers who reported skin-to-skin within the first 5 mins were at least 3 times to breastfeed at the fourth month (adjOR: 3.603 95% 2.059. 6.302, p-value < 0.001), even though no association was observed at the first and sixth month. Implementation of Step 8 ( advice on how to breastfeed on demand ), whether reported as partially or fully implemented by the participating mothers, also appeared to be associated with BF initiation with adjOR: 2.876 (95% CI: 1.491, 5.5470.002) and adjOR: 3.623 (95% CI: 1.687, 7.779); p-value = 0.001) respectively. While being advised to BF on demand did not seem to predict whether a woman would be breastfeeding at the first and fourth month, it appears that this was more predictive whether a woman would be breastfeeding at the sixth month, even more so than step 4 (which was more predictive of breastfeeding behaviour at the first and fourth month). Specifically, the only variables that were predictive of breastfeeding at the sixth month were step 8 along with step 9 (no pacifiers). Women who reported full implementation being more likely to be breastfeeding at the sixth month (adjOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.03, p-value = 0.038). In relation to Step 9 (no pacifiers), mothers who did not report using them were about two times more likely to breastfeed at first and sixth month. In fact, similarly, to breastfeeding on demand, the use of pacifiers was more predictive than other variables of whether a woman would be still breastfeeding at the sixth month. No significant differences in the ORs were observed before and after adjusting for the other steps, which suggests that the practice of not using pacifiers is an independent predictor of BF continuation (data not shown). Finally, a positive association was found between the implementation of ICBS and BF initiation (adjOR: 2.845 2.95 95% CI: 1.570, 5.155, p-value = 0.001). Nevertheless, this did not predict whether a woman would be breastfeeding in the longer term. Overall, it appears that steps 4 (early contact with skin-to-skin), 8 (advice by the staff to BF on demand), 9 (no use of pacifiers) are more predictive of whether a woman will initiate breastfeeding. Step 5 (practical assistance) is added to this list of strong predictors, even though, as discussed above, this is more likely to be an artefact as a result of the fact that no assistance would be expected to be provided to women who express the wish not to breastfeed. Furthermore, the implementation of the Code appears to be an independent predictor of breastfeeding initiation, however this does not seem to be predictive of longer-term breastfeeding behaviour. Among these variables, only three steps ( 4 , 8 and 9 ) in some combination appeared to be more consistently predictive of the likelihood a mother would be breastfeeding at the first, fourth and sixth month. Discussion Main Findings The objective of the present study was to assess the effect maternity practices on BF initiation, continuation and exclusivity up to the sixth month. Overall, it seems that the only two variables which more consistently predict the likelihood of a mother to exclusively breastfeed in the longer term, are step 4 (and especially skin-to-skin) and step 9 (no use of pacifiers). The association of Step 4 with BF and EBF initiation appears to be stronger when it is fully implemented, suggesting a cumulative effect of both components of Step 4. In contrast, Step 8 (feeding on demand) and Step 7 (rooming-in) only appear to independently predict EBF initiation, and not continuation. In relation with the association of the other steps and BF/ EBF, a mixed pattern was observed. The Implementation of the 10 Steps and BF and EBF initiation Implementation of Step 5 (assistance by maternity clinic staff) appears to have the greatest effect on BF initiation, whereas no association was found with EBF initiation. This seemingly paradoxical result might be due to the fact that mothers who initiated BF (but are not breastfeeding exclusively) might have actually experienced problems and requested for maternity staff support. Thus, practical support and encouragement provided by the maternity clinic staff might helped them to overcome the potential problems during BF initiation. In fact, this assistance might not necessarily pertain to breastfeeding support, but assistance with formula feeding. It is of note that 82.6% of the mothers who did not breastfeed exclusively within the first 48 hours reported introducing formula supplementation. Of those, 84.2% reported receiving help from the maternity staff. Furthermore, Step 8 (breastfeeding on demand) and ICMBS were also associated with BF initiation, and not EBF. In relation to Step 8, it has been previously suggested that breastfeeding on demand might contribute to fewer formula feedings and thus might contribute to successful BF establishment ( 24 ). With regards to the ICMBS, it should be noted that a high proportion of mothers in this study reported not receiving any breast milk substitute at least up to the point of the interview i.e. 24–48 hours after birth. While this suggests a high level of implementation of the ICMBS, it might be an overestimation as a result of the study design. Commonly free samples of breast milk substitutes and other may be given at discharge (usually the third day as per current practices in Cyprus). In contrast to the above, rooming-in appears to be positively associated with exclusivity. In other words, mothers who roomed-in are not necessarily more likely to have breastfed, but if they did they breastfed exclusively. Continuous mother-infant cohabitation may facilitate the implementation of other maternity practices, and in particular BF on demand. Among mothers who reported experiencing full implementation of Step 8 ( advice for BF on demand – whenever and for as long as the baby wants ), 42.2% also experienced rooming-in, while among those who experienced none of the two components of Step 8, the majority (73.7%) did not experience rooming-in (p-value = 0.005; data not shown). The implementation of Step 8 (i.e. truly unrestricted feeding) is only feasible with rooming-in ( 26 ). This association is suggestive of the interrelation between the steps. Furthermore, it is suggestive of a reverse causality i.e. women who intent to breastfeed exclusively may be more likely to both room-in with their infant and breatfeed on demand. Existing evidence in the literature with regards to the role of rooming-in is conflicting on BF initiation. While some studies confirmed of a positive association between rooming-in and BF ( 26 ), others failed to show this association ( 9 ). Evidence suggests that rooming-in through, the support of the implementation of Step 8 ( 25 ) is associated with longer feeding duration ( 27 ), more frequent feedings ( 28 ), earlier breast milk production and exclusivity ( 27 ) Infants that stay with their mothers are less likely to cry and more likely to soothe easier and sleep longer ( 27 ). Thereafter, it might reduce the risk of pacifier use for infant soothing/crying due to fewer BF difficulties and unaffected BF production ( 27 ). The effect of rooming-in did not persist on BF continuation, which is supported by other studies as well ( 9 , 30 ). This might be due to the fact that other BF determinants might have stronger effect on BF continuation, such as the BF difficulties encountered after discharge, provision of social support, insufficiency of BM production etc. Existing evidence mainly focuses on the investigation of the individual effect of each component ‘ skin to skin’ ( 31 – 36 ) and ‘ initiation of BF within one hour after birth ’ ( 37 – 38 ) confirming their individual beneficial effect to BF and EBF initiation. In particular, with regards to skin-to-skin, a dose-response relationship has been suggested, whereby longer duration of skin-to-skin contact is more strongly associated with the likelihood of initiating exclusive breastfeeding ( 34 – 35 ). Similarly, previous studies have suggested that shorter duration of skin-to-skin contact at birth is associated with increased risk of early introduction of formula feeding ( 39 ). Mothers who experienced skin-to-skin are more likely to initiate BF early ( 40 ), which in turn will result to active suckling success, increasing the likelihood to achieve successful initiation of BF without any assistance ( 41 ). Delivery by C/S is a known determinant of the successful implementation of step 4, and in particular skin-to-skin. The high rate of C/S in our sample would explain to some extent the low proportion of mothers reporting practicing skin-to-skin. Nevertheless, even among mothers who gave birth vaginally, only 36.5% reported experiencing skin to skin, compared to 19.4% who delivered by C/S. A more striking difference by mode of delivery was observed in terms of early initiation, since 93.2% of mothers who gave birth vaginally reported holding the baby within the first one hour (35.7% experienced full implementation of step 4) in comparison with 58.1% of the mothers (13.4% experienced full implementation of step 4) who delivered by cesarean section. The implementation of the 10 Steps and BF and EBF duration The association of Step 9 (no use of pacifiers) with BF does not seem to be restricted to the first 48 hours, but appears to persist with for the first six months. In other words, women who reported not using pacifiers while at the clinic were not only more likely to initiate exclusive breastfeeding, but they were also more likely to continue EBF in the longer term. This association has been confirmed by other studies ( 9 , 42 – 47 ). It has been suggested that mothers who introduce pacifiers early after birth are more likely to perform infrequent ( 43 ) and shorter feedings ( 42 ) which, in turn, might result to insufficient production of breast milk ( 43 ). Other studies suggested that pacifier use may be an independent determinant of BF discontinuation, over and above the existence of BF problems or incorrect BF techniques ( 45 ). Alternatively, it has been suggested by O’ Connor et al . (2009) that the association between BF and pacifier use can be attributed to residual confounding and reverse causality ( 48 ). For example, intention to breastfeed exclusively might influence mothers to avoid pacifier use in general, including for infant calming and soothing. At the same time, use of a pacifier might be a marker for the presence of BF problems or the beginning of weaning (i.e. reverse causality). In fact, they describe pacifiers as “ an implicit form of weaning when mothers are ambivalent about breastfeeding ” ( 48 ). Pacifier use might also be regarded by mothers as a positive behavior associated with longer intervals between feedings and taking the babies of their breast increasing the risk of insufficient milk production (residual confounding) ( 48 ). Relevant randomized controlled trials revealed no difference in BF duration between different pacifier interventions (i.e. delayed introduction of pacifiers, educational programme for alternative methods of soothing) supporting that pacifier use might be an indicative maker of more complex behaviors ( 48 ). Similarly, with other studies ( 42 – 43 ), implementation of Step 9 was associated with longer duration of EBF. Findings of the present study show that the positive impact of Step 9 observed at baseline and at first month, is not maintained at fourth and sixth month. This observation might come into agreement with the potential explanation suggested that pacifier use does not have a direct effect on early BF discontinuation rather than it is an indicator of a number of factors and behaviors that are might influence BF outcomes ( 29 ). For example, mothers that experience breastfeeding difficulties and decide to discontinue BF or EBF, might initiate pacifier use to facilitate the introduction of bottle feeding ( 49 ). On the contrary, mothers overcome BF difficulties and decide to continue EBF, pacifier use is less likely to influence duration. Other studies, however, showed of no association ( 50 ). Only full implementation of Step 4 was associated with BF and EBF continuation. This observation suggests the importance of successful BF initiation by the implementation of early skin to skin to the successful BF and EBF establishment and continuation ( 35 , 47 ). Early skin to skin was associated with the experience of fewer BF difficulties such as breast engorgement ( 35 ), and thus with reduced risk of formula introduction or early weaning ( 25 ). The effect of Step 8 on BF duration was also confirmed by other studies (9; 47). It should be noted that the association between BF initiation and exclusivity and the experience of any of the Steps is likely to be bi-directional. Mothers who are more knowledgeable on breastfeeding issues and those who intent to breastfeed, and even more so exclusively, might be more likely to request the implementation of the steps ( 51 ), indicating a bi-directional association between BF and the 10 Steps. In this case, maternity practices might be used as facilitators in successful BF initiation, continuation and exclusivity with the reduction of the risk of BF difficulties and, the development of maternal skills in infant care and enhancement of BFSE. Strengths and Limitations A clear strength of the study is its prospective design which facilitated the assessment of infant feeding practices over the period of the first six months, avoiding the recall bias of a retrospective design. It should be acknowledged that the present study measured the individual association of each of the 10 Steps on BF outcomes and on breastfeeding self-efficacy, but not the cumulative effect of all maternity practices as a pack on BF outcomes. This was not deemed useful since only 1% of the sample reported experiencing all the Steps, even when not including Step 6 – Exclusive Breastfeeding. The study applied stepwise regression models in order to identify the set of practices which are more predictive of BF outcomes and breastfeeding self-efficacy. This approach was preferred to a multivariable model (which would include all variables) due to collinearity between the variables. Recognizing the potential bi-directional association between experiencing the 10 steps, breastfeeding self-efficacy and BF behavior/outcomes, the study avoided hypothesizing a causal relationship between the experience of “good practices” and positive BF outcomes mediated by breastfeeding self-efficacy. Also, the study described the magnitude of the observed associations, and avoided any inferences about a causal nature. It is, thus, recognized that while the experience of “good practices” may positively impact maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, at the same time, mothers with higher breastfeeding self-efficacy may be more likely to request and demand the implementation of certain "good practices”. Similarly, while the experience of “good practices” may positively impact on BF outcomes, both short-term as well as long-term, at the same time, intention to breastfeed (measured here only with a single-item) or other potential covariates related to motivation for BF (e.g. beliefs and attitudes related to breastfeeding and child-rearing, maternal personality characteristics etc) may actually be driving both the likelihood that a mother will breastfeed and/or breastfeed exclusively as well as the likelihood that she will implement or demand the implementation of certain "good practices”. Finally, the study used only quantitative methods since the aim was to provide first-time estimates of breastfeeding in Cyprus beyond the 48 hours and explore the extent to which the implementation of the 10 steps are associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding outcomes. However, an in-depth exploration of the perceptions and attitudes of women in Cyprus with regards to breastfeeding, and perceived reasons for premature discontinuation using qualitative methods would have enriched the study findings Conclusions The findings of the present study prove the importance of the “10 Steps” to support successful BF initiation, continuation and exclusivity. Even though, the National Breastfeeding Committee of the Cyprus Ministry of Health has developed a national strategy for breastfeeding (2011) and Policy (2015) which includes a call to launch the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative, to date, no maternity clinic in Cyprus has been certified as baby-friendly. The scattered implementation of the ten steps and the effect on breastfeeding rates during the first 6 months of life highlight the importance of prioritizing implementation of the BFHI in the maternity practices of Cyprus to facilitate the protection, support and promotion of breastfeeding. Declarations Acknowledgements The authors wish to express their appreciation and gratitude to all mothers who participated in the study and to the fieldworkers for their essential contribution in the recruitment of participants at the maternity clinics and data collection at the baseline phase of the study. Furthermore, they would like to acknowledge the National Breastfeeding Committee for its support. Financial support: The study was part of the research programme ‘The BrEaST start in life: addressing social inequalities and supporting breastfeeding through inclusion activities’, which was funded by Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Financial Mechanism and the Republic of Cyprus. The funders had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflict of interest: The authors declare of no conflict of interest. Authorship N.M., I.P.-D., O.K., C.K., E.L. and E.H. conceived and designed the study and secured the funding. I.P.-D. was the project leader and N.M. was the scientific coordinator of the BrEaST start in life programme. M.E. was the study’s research coordinator and the study forms part of her doctoral dissertation. N.M. was the main PhD advisor of the first author (M.E.) and C.K. and E.L. were members of the PhD advisory committee, and were all involved in the overall supervision of the study. N.M., V. H., E.P. and M.E. trained the fieldworkers and monitored the data collection at phase I. V.H. performed data collection at phase I of the study and contributed to data management and analysis and the editing of the manuscript. M.E. conducted the telephone follow-up data collection at phase II, managed the data set, performed the statistical analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. N.M. guided the statistical analysis and N.M. and O.K. assisted in drafting and editing the first draft of the manuscript. All authors assisted in interpreting the data and critically revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Ethics approval and consent to participate Written informed consent was acquired from all mothers for the participation for each phase of the study. This study was approved by the Cyprus National Bioethics Committee, the Research Promotion Committee of the Ministry of Health, and the administration of all participating clinics. Notification was sent to the Commissioner of Personal Data Protection. Written consent was obtained from mothers for each phase of their participation. Consent for Publication Not Applicable Data Availability Statement The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests Funding The study was part of the research program “ The BrEaST start in life: addressing social inequalities and supporting breastfeeding through inclusion activities ”, which was funded by Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway through the EEA Financial Mechanism and the Republic of Cyprus. The funders played no part in any of the stages of the study including study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript. Authors’ contribution NM, IPD, OK, CK, EL and EH conceived and designed the study and secured the funding. IPD was the project leader and NM was the scientific coordinator of the BrEaST start in life programme. ME was the study’s research coordinator and the study forms part of her doctoral dissertation. NM was the main PhD advisor of the first author (ME) and CK and EL were members of the PhD advisory committee and were all involved in the overall supervision of the study. NM, VH and ME trained the field workers and monitored the data collection at phase I. VH performed data collection at phase I of the study and contributed to data management and analysis and to the editing of the manuscript. ME conducted the telephone follow-up data collection at phase II, managed the dataset, performed the statistical analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. NM guided the statistical analysis and NM and OK assisted in drafting and editing the first draft of the manuscript. All authors assisted in interpreting the data and critically revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Acknowledgements We would to express our appreciation and gratitude to all mothers who participated in the study and well as to the field workers for their essential contribution for the recruitment of participants at the maternity clinics and data collection at the baseline phase of the study. Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge the National Breastfeeding Committee for their support. References Meek JY, Noble L, & Section on Breastfeeding. Policy statement: breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 2022; 150(1), e2022057988. Horta BL & Victora CG Long-term effects of breastfeeding: a systematic Review. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2013 Horta BL Loret de Mola C, Victora, CG. Long‐term consequences of breastfeeding on cholesterol, obesity, systolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Acta Paediatrica 2015; 104(S467): 30-37. WHO/UNICEF, Innocenti declaration on the protection, promotion, and support of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding in the 1990's: A global initiative meeting in Florence, Italy and New York. Author, Geneva, Switzerland.1989 Philipp BL, Merewood, A, Miller LW, Chawla N, Murphy-Smith MM, Gomes JS, Cimo S, Cook JT. Baby-friendly hospital initiative improves breastfeeding initiation rates in a US hospital setting. Pediatrics 2001; 108(3): 677-681. Broadfoot M, Britten J, Tappin DM, MacKenzie JM. The baby friendly hospital initiative and breast feeding rates in Scotland. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition 2005; 90(2): F114-F116. Brodribb W, Kruske S, Miller YD. Baby-friendly hospital accreditation, in-hospital care practices, and breastfeeding. Pediatrics 2013; peds-2012. Lok, K. Y., Chow, C. L., Fan, H. S., Chan, V. H., & Tarrant, M. Exposure to baby-friendly hospital practices and mothers’ achievement of their planned duration of breastfeeding. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth , 2020: 20 , 1-8. DiGirolamo AM, Grummer‐Strawn LM, Fein S. Maternity care practices: implications for breastfeeding. Birth 2001; 28 (2), pp.94-100. Theofilogiannakou M, Skouroliakou M, Gounaris A, Panagiotakos D, Markantonis, S.L. Breast-feeding in Athens, Greece: factors associated with its initiation and duration. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2006; 43(3): 379-384. Chien LY, Tai, CJ, Chu KH, Ko YL, Chiu YC. The number of Baby Friendly hospital practices experienced by mothers is positively associated with breastfeeding: a questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2007; 44(7): 1138-1146. Pincombe J, Baghurst P, Antoniou G, Peat B, Henderson A, Reddin E. Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative practices and breast feeding duration in a cohort of first-time mothers in Adelaide, Australia. Midwifery, 2008; 24(1): 55-61. Chalmers B, Levitt C, Heaman M, O'brien B, Sauve R, Kaczorowski J, Maternity Experiences Study Group of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System, Public Health Agency of Canada. Breastfeeding rates and hospital breastfeeding practices in Canada: a national survey of women. Birth 2009; 36(2), pp.122-132. Zakarija-Grković I, Boban M, Janković S, Ćuže A, Burmaz T. Compliance with WHO/UNICEF BFHI Standards in Croatia After Implementation of the BFHI. J Hum Lact. 2018;34(1):106-115. doi:10.1177/0890334417703367 WHO, 2017. National Hospital Initiative of the Baby-friendly Implementation 2017. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/255197/1/9789241512381-eng.pdf?ua=1.- accessed March 2017] Economou M, Kolokotroni O, Paphiti-Demetriou I, Kouta C, Lambrinou E, Hadjigeorgiou E, Hadjiona V, Tryfonos F, Philippou E, Middleton N. Prevalence of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding at 48 h after birth and up to the sixth month in Cyprus: the BrEaST start in life project. Public health nutrition 2018; 21(5), 967-980. Resolution WHA65.6. (2012) Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition. 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BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2021; 21(1), 1-16. WHO, 2009. Section 4: hospital self-appraisal and monitoring. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised, Updated and Expanded for Integrated Care. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. [available at https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/BFHI_2009_s4.pdf - accessed May 2023] Dennis CL. The breastfeeding self‐efficacy scale: Psychometric assessment of the short form. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 2003; 32(6), 734-744. UNICEF/WHO BFHI. Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. Revised version updated and expanded for integrated care. Chapter 4-Self Assessment and Monitoring of the Hospital. 2006. [available at https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/BFHI_2009_s4.pdf - accessed March 2023] Declercq E, Labbok MH, Sakala C, O'hara M. Hospital practices and women's likelihood of fulfilling their intention to exclusively breastfeed. American Journal of Public Health 2009; 99(5), pp.929-935. WHO. ‘Evidence for the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding’, Report, pp. 1–110. doi: 9241591544. Geneva: Switzerland. 1998 [available at http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43633/9241591544_eng.pdf?sequence=1 - accessed October 2023] Murray EK, Ricketts S, Dellaport J. Hospital practices that increase breastfeeding duration: Results from a population‐based study. Birth 2007; 34(3), 202-211. Crenshaw J. Care practice# 6: No separation of mother and baby, with unlimited opportunities for breastfeeding. The Journal of Perinatal Education 2007; 16(3), 39. Bystrova K, Ivanova V, Edhborg M, Matthiesen AS, Ransjö‐Arvidson AB, Mukhamedrakhimov R, Uvnäs‐Moberg K, Widström AM. Early contact versus separation: effects on mother–infant interaction one year later. Birth, 2009; 36(2), pp.97-109. Kramer MS, Barr RG, Dagenais S, Yang H, Jones P, Ciofani L, Jané F. Pacifier use, early weaning, and cry/fuss behavior: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2001; 286(3), 322-326. Tarrant M, Wu KM, Fong DY, Lee IL, Wong EM, Sham A, Lam C, Dodgson JE.. Impact of Baby‐Friendly hospital practices on breastfeeding in Hong Kong. Birth, 2011; 38(3), 238-245. Tomori C, Hernández‐Cordero S, Busath N, Menon P, Pérez‐Escamilla R. What works to protect, promote and support breastfeeding on a large scale: A review of reviews. Maternal & Child Nutrition 2022; 18, e13344. Sandhi A, Lee GT, Chipojola R, Huda MH, Kuo SY. The relationship between perceived milk supply and exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months postpartum: a cross-sectional study. International Breastfeeding Journal, 2020; 15(1), 1-11. Karimi FZ, Sadeghi R, Maleki-Saghooni N, Khadivzadeh T. The effect of mother-infant skin to skin contact on success and duration of first breastfeeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019; 58(1), 1-9. Bramson L, Lee JW, Moore E, Montgomery S, Neish C, Bahjri K, Melcher CL. Effect of early skin-to-skin mother—Infant contact during the first 3 hours following birth on exclusive breastfeeding during the maternity hospital stay. Journal of Human Lactation, 2010; 26(2), 130-137. Moore ER, Bergman N, Anderson G, Medley N.. Early skin‐to‐skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. The Cochrane Library. 2016 Mikiel‐Kostyra, K., Mazur, J. and Boltruszko, I.,. Effect of early skin‐to‐skin contact after delivery on duration of breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study. Acta Paediatrica, 2002 91(12), 1301-1306. Nakao, Y., Moji, K., Honda, S. and Oishi, K.,. Initiation of breastfeeding within 120 minutes after birth is associated with breastfeeding at four months among Japanese women: a self-administered questionnaire survey. International Breastfeeding Journal, 2008; 3(1), =1. Hernández-Cordero, S., Lozada-Tequeanes, A. L., Fernández-Gaxiola, A. C., Shamah-Levy, T., Sachse, M., Veliz, P., & Cosío-Barroso, I. Barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding during the immediate and one month postpartum periods, among Mexican women: a mixed methods approach. International breastfeeding journal, 2020; 15(1), 1-12. Kalmakoff S, Gray A, Baddock S. Predictors of supplementation for breastfed babies in a Baby-Friendly hospital. Women and Birth. 2017 Aghdas K, Talat K, Sepideh B. Effect of immediate and continuous mother–infant skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women: A randomised control trial. Women and Birth, 2014; 27(1), 37-40. İnal S, Aydin Y, Canbulat N. Factors associated with breastfeeding initiation time in a baby-friendly hospital in Istanbul. Applied Nursing Research, 2016; 32, 26-29. Aarts C, Hörnell A, Kylberg E, Hofvander Y, Gebre-Medhin M. Breastfeeding patterns in relation to thumb sucking and pacifier use. Pediatrics, 1999; 104(4), e50-e50. Howard CR, Howard FM, Lanphear B, Eberly S, Lawrence RA. The effects of early pacifier use on breastfeeding duration. Pediatrics, 1999; 103(3), e33-e33. Vogel AM, Hutchison BL, Mitchell EA. The impact of pacifier use on breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2001; 37(1), 58-63. Kronborg H, Væth M. How are effective breastfeeding technique and pacifier use related to breastfeeding problems and breastfeeding duration?. Birth, 2009; 36(1), 34-42. Mauch CE, Scott JA, Magarey AM, Daniels LA. Predictors of and reasons for pacifier use in first-time mothers: an observational study. BMC pediatrics, 2012; 12(1), 7. Zhang Y, Yang J, Li W, Wang N, Ye Y, Yan S, Wang S, Zeng T, Huang Z, Zhang F, Li Y, Yao S, Wang H, Rozelle S, Xu T, Jin, X. Effects of baby-friendly practices on breastfeeding duration in China: a case-control study. International Breastfeeding Journal 2020; 15, 1-10. O’Connor NR, Tanabe KO, Siadaty MS, Hauck FR, Pacifiers and breastfeeding: a systematic review. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 2009; 163(4), pp.378-382. Jaafar SH, Jahanfar S, Angolkar M, Ho JJ. Pacifier use versus no pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 3. Pincombe J, Baghurst P, Antoniou G, Peat B, Henderson A, Reddin E. Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative practices and breast feeding duration in a cohort of first-time mothers in Adelaide, Australia. Midwifery 2008; 24(1), pp.55-61. Merten S, Dratva J, Ackermann-Liebrich U. Do baby-friendly hospitals influence breastfeeding duration on a national level?. Pediatrics 2005; 116(5), e702-e708. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4131690","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":286188403,"identity":"c6e0acb3-95e3-404f-9070-c6ea11e3db5f","order_by":0,"name":"Mary Economou","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAw0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFAD9gYgYWBBihaeAyAtEqRokUgAk4QV8rMfPvbgY45N4tqZz69u+FEgwcDf3p2AV4tkT1q64cxtaYnbbueU3ewBOkzizNkNeLUY3OAxk+bddhikJe0GD1CLgUQufi32cC03z6Td/EOMFgMJmJYb7MduE2WLxJm0NEmgX4y3nclhuy0DNIGgX/jbDx+T+LjNRnbb8ePPbr75YyPH396LXwsS4DEAk8QqBwH2B6SoHgWjYBSMghEEAGOeSCIr93rDAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Cyprus University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mary","middleName":"","lastName":"Economou","suffix":""},{"id":286188404,"identity":"cc574b59-802e-4a83-9b8c-9bfc88790ace","order_by":1,"name":"Ourania Kolokotroni","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Cyprus University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ourania","middleName":"","lastName":"Kolokotroni","suffix":""},{"id":286188405,"identity":"f7e9fa63-8306-46c5-8a4c-5f9b878df634","order_by":2,"name":"Irene 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19:59:42","extension":"docx","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":31558,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"S1Figure.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4131690/v1/76be6abc49c29c2d30febac6.docx"},{"id":54047649,"identity":"1d2963fd-32b6-46cf-9097-0d2d543160c4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-03 19:59:43","extension":"docx","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":20180,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table1S.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4131690/v1/af4264fd10446d7d9f188fdb.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Associations between breastfeeding and self-reported experience of the ‘10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding’: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of maternity clinic practices in Cyprus","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eExclusive Breastfeeding is the optimal source of nourishment for infants during the first six months of their life providing immediate as well as life-lasting positive effects (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). A set of recommendations, known as the \u0026ldquo;10 Steps for Successful Breastfeeding\u0026rdquo; are described as the optimal maternity healthcare practices for supporting mothers to initiate breastfeeding. Since the launch of the \u003cem\u003eBaby Friendly Hospital Initiative\u003c/em\u003e (BFHI) in 1991, a global program established by WHO and UNICEF, the \u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003eTen Steps to Successful Breastfeeding\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rdquo; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u0026rdquo; have served as a fundamental component of both national and of national and international strategies for several decades. The BFHI aims to enhance maternity care services by emphasizing on the adherence of maternity care facilities to good practices to support and safeguard breastfeeding. Initially, the development of the 10 steps relied on clinical experience rather than research evidence regarding on their impact in influencing breastfeeding behavior and outcomes. However,, subsequent studies, employing observational and intervention study designs since then, several studies have evaluated the impact of the \u0026ldquo;10 Steps\u0026rdquo; and have consistently shown higher rates of breastfeeding initiation and longer breastfeeding duration (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNevertheless, suboptimal implementation the \u0026ldquo;10 Steps\u0026rdquo; has been documented in many countries worldwide (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e). In commemorating the 25th Anniversary of the initiative's launch, the WHO (2017) published an analysis of the current status of the BFHI worldwide. The overall estimate indicated that approximately 10% of births took place in hospitals designated as Baby-Friendly, with variations from less than 5% in Africa and Southeast Asia to 36% in the European region. Furthermore, notable disparities were noted between countries, even within the European region. Only twelve out of 47 countries in the WHO European region reported that over 50% of births occurred in baby-friendly designated hospitals, while 16 countries reported having no designated facilities (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Cyprus, even though initiation of breastfeeding appears high at 84% within the first 48 hours after birth, only 1 in 5 mothers initiate exclusive breastfeeding. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding drops considerably after the first month and, by the sixth month, only 5% of new mothers are exclusively breastfeeding, falling short of the WHO target of at least 50% of infants aged under six months being exclusively breastfed (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e). Despite the National Breastfeeding Committee of the Ministry of Health in Cyprus releasing a National Strategy (2011), identifying breastfeeding as Public Health priority, followed by a National Policy (2015) for Breastfeeding, largely based on promoting the implementation of the \u0026ldquo;10 steps\u0026rdquo;, breastfeeding rates remain low while maternity clinics\u0026rsquo; practices are neither standardized nor monitored. This considerable heterogeneity in practices across maternity clinics in Cyprus causes insecurity and confusion for the mother with an increased chance of failure to breastfeed (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e). In the absence of a national BFHI accreditation programme, there are no Baby Friendly maternity hospitals or clinics in Cyprus. In recent years, the Cyprus National Committee for Breastfeeding has embarked on the first BFHI accreditation of maternity clinics, which was nevertheless stalled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to several anecdotal reports of suboptimal practices, there is evidence of fragmented and suboptimal implementation of the \u0026ldquo;Ten Steps\u0026rdquo; in a sample of maternity units in the capital city Nicosia, as part of the \u0026ldquo;BrEaST start in life\u0026rdquo; program (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e). The study showed that the highest degree of implementation was for Step 5 (practical assistance by the healthcare staff). On the contrary, almost none of the mothers experienced Step 9 (no pacifiers or soothers to infants), whilst there appeared to be poor implementation of Step 7 (Rooming-in) and Step 10 (Community support after discharge).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the maternal self-reported implementation of the \u0026ldquo;10 steps\u0026rdquo; with initiation, exclusivity and continuation of breastfeeding among women giving birth across a nationwide sample of maternity clinics in Cyprus.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional and longitudinal descriptive study, conducted in two phases between April 2014 and June 2015, involved a two phase approach. This research was part of the wider research program \u0026ldquo;BrEaST start in life: \u003cem\u003eaddressing social inequalities and supporting breastfeeding through inclusion activities\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rdquo;. In the initial phase, a consecutive nationwide sample of mother-infant dyads participated at the baseline. Their recruitment took place during their stay at maternity clinics over a period of 6\u0026ndash;8 weeks from all public hospitals (5 in total) and 29 of 35 private clinics. During the second phase, mothers who provided conduct details (phone and/or email) were followed-up prospectively with a telephone interview at the first, fourth and six months postpartum. Mothers were asked to answer of questionnaire packs that included the tools described below. More information about the study design, was described in detail in previous publications (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSample Size\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe conducted precision analysis with finite population correction (as annual number of births is around 10000). According to the analysis, the minimum required sample size to estimate the prevalence of breastfeeding with 95% confidence interval not wider that \u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5% was 370 participants. More information about the calculation of the sample size was described in detail in previous publications (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEligibility Criteria\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEligibility criteria for the selection of mothers who participated in the study are described in detail elsewhere (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Collection and tools\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt baseline, mothers completed a questionnaire pack which included the self-administered WHO/ UNICEF questionnaire - Section 4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e) and the Perceived Breastfeeding Self-efficacy scale \u0026ndash; short-form (BSES-SF) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e). Information on infant feeding practices was, also, collected at each time point of follow up.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEstimation of BF and EBF Indicators\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe question \u0026ldquo;Have you breastfed your newborn baby in the first 48 hours?\u0026rdquo;, which was included in the baseline questionnaire, was used to estimate breastfeeding initiation. The estimation of exclusivity in breastfeeding was based on a set of questions referring to Step 7 \u0026ldquo;Implementation of Exclusive Breastfeeding\u0026rdquo;, as phrased in Section 4 of the BFHI (Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative) questionnaire for mothers\u0026rsquo; self-assessment of maternity unit practices were used (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e). This included:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; A negative response to the question: \u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003eDid your baby receive any supplement\u003c/em\u003e? \u0026ldquo;which had to be also confirmed by\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; A negative response to the question: \u0026ldquo; \u003cem\u003eDid your baby receive any of the following?\u0026rdquo; referring to any supplementation (formula, water or sugar water, other fluids).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt first month, mothers were asked about the type, time of introduction and frequency of supplemental feeding including formula, other liquids, solids, medication, vitamin or mineral drops and Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) with the use of the self-reported current status and the 24hr recall method. At fourth and sixth month, additional information was requested in relation with the time of introduction, the type and the frequency of solids. Infant feeding practices at fourth and sixth months were assessed on the basis of self-reported current status, a 24-hour recall as well as a retrospective event calendar method. The latter included the following questions: \u0026lsquo;\u003cem\u003eUntil today has your baby ever had (a) Fruit cream/puree (b) Other creams (e.g farin lactee, rice cream) and (c) Mashed or solid food? \u0026lsquo; and \u0026rsquo;How often does your baby have (a) fruit cream/puree, (b) other creams (e.g farin lactee, rice cream) and (c) Mashed or solid fo\u003c/em\u003eod?\u0026rsquo; Estimation of BF and EBF indicators is described in detail elsewhere (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAssessment of Implementation of Ten Steps\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe first questionnaire used was the WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative package (Section 4) for self-assessment and monitoring of Baby Friendly Hospitals which is designed to be directed at breastfeeding mothers while at the clinic. \u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003eThe 10 Steps for Successful Breastfeeding\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rdquo; self-assessment and monitoring questionnaire was developed and has been used as practical tool for receiving feedback from mothers with regards to their perceived maternal experience for BFHI\u0026rsquo;s \u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003e10 Steps\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rdquo;. It enables the maternity clinic to make an initial evaluation of the degree of adherence to the maternity practices (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e). The tool covers Steps 3 to 10 as well as the International Code for Breastfeeding Substitutes (ICBS). Steps 1 and 2 are not included since they refer to the clinic's policy and the training of the staff, both of which refer to topics that the services users would not necessarily be aware of or able to comment. The tool consists of 24 multiple choice questions and related sub-questions, based on the \u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003e10 Steps\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDefinition of the 10 Steps Variables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn order to determine the proportion of mothers who experienced each of 10 Steps, both each individual component of a step (where that applies) as well as the full implementation of the step were assessed. The decision was taken in order for the data to provide a more detailed depiction as to which practices are sub-optimally implemented as well as to allow comparisons with other studies that may have looked at certain components separately. Some are operationalized with a single question (Step 9 -\u003cem\u003eno use of pacifier\u003c/em\u003e-was considered to be implemented if mothers responded negatively to the question \u0026ldquo;Has your baby sucked on a pacifier (dummy or soother), as far as you know, while you\u0026rsquo;ve been in the maternity unit?\u0026rdquo;), while others need the combination of items to be operationalized. For most questions, if a positive answer is given, then it is considered a positive experience of that particular good maternity practice. Permission to translate and use this scale was provided by the developers. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eS presents a detailed description of the operonalization of the questions of the implementation of the 10 Steps.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEstimation of the Sum Score of the 10 Steps\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo investigate the association of the 10 Steps with BF and EBF status, we categorized participating mothers based on their 10 Steps scores during the first 48 hours into quartiles, with the lowest quartile (range: 0.00\u0026ndash;4.00) representing the quartile of mothers with the lowest sum scores. The upper quartile represents the quartile of mothers with the highest sum scores (range: 7.00\u0026ndash;14.00). The second quartile ranged between 4.00\u0026ndash;5.00 and the third quartile between 5.00\u0026ndash;7.00. For binary variables, no implementation was given a score of zero while full implementation was given a score of two. Similarly, no implementation was scored with zero, while partial and full implementation were scored with one and two, respectively, for categorical variables.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthical Considerations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e Before commencing the study, all required approvals were obtained including approval from the Cyprus National Bioethics Committee, the Research Promotion Committee of the Ministry of Health. Furthermore, notification was sent to the Commissioner of Personal Data Protection. Permission to utilize all study tools was granted by the developers. Written informed consent was acquired from all mothers for their participation for each phase of the study. Confidentiality and anonymity was guaranteed. Mothers were informed that their participation was on volunteer basis and that they could withdraw their participation at any time point of the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary statistics were used for the description of the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants at baseline. The difference in the prevalence of BF and EBF within the first 48 hours after birth by the self-reported experience of the \u0026ldquo;10 Steps\u0026rdquo; as measured at baseline, at follow up and the 10 Steps Sum Scores, was assessed using chi-square tests. Logistic regression models were performed to examine the association of the self-reported experience of the \u0026ldquo;10 steps\u0026rdquo; (independent variables) with BF/EBF initiation and continuation as dependent variables. Stepwise regression models were used in order to identify the association of the 10 steps with each of the study outcomes of interest before and after mutually adjusting for each other.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eParticipant characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOut of the total of 1006 women initially approached, only 797 met the eligibility criteria. The final sample included 586 women resulting in a response rate of 73\u0026middot;5%. Amongst the 586 participants at the baseline phase of the study, 372 (response rate: 63.5%) were contacted by telephone at first month, 383 at fourth month and 340 sixth month. More information on the process of participant selection is described in detail elsewhere (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e). Figure\u0026nbsp;1S shows a flow diagram of participation of mothers at each stage of the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e also presents the socio-demographic profile of participants that gave birth in the public and private sector, respectively. About 1 in 3 mothers that gave birth to the public sector were aged 18\u0026ndash;24 years, in comparison to 20.9% of those that selected the private sector in the same age group (p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The majority of mothers that gave birth at the private sector had a full time employment status, significantly higher than those that chose the public sector (68.2% vs 47.2%; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). In contrast, the proportion of unemployed mothers that gave birth at the public sector was about three times higher than those that chose the private sector. There was evidence of a social gradient in favor of mothers of higher socioeconomic position. Mothers with higher educational attainment or with higher family income were more likely give birth at the private sector. Similarly, mothers with college/ undergraduate education and postgraduate education were more likely to give birth in the private than in the public sector (32.1% and 25.1% vs 25.5% and 14.2%, respectively). Mothers that reported of monthly family net income lower than 1500 euro were about twice more likely to give birth at the public than the private sector, while the proportion of mothers with monthly net family income 1500\u0026ndash;3000 and 3000\u0026ndash;4500 euro that gave birth to the private sector was about two and a half times higher than the public section with 41.2% vs 17.9% (p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). With regards of country of origin, 76.2% of Cypriot mothers gave birth to the private sector in comparison with 16.0% of non-Cypriot mothers. About half of the mothers that gave birth in the public sector have a vaginal birth, in comparison with 36.9% of mothers that selected the private sector. Primiparous were more likely to choose the private sector than multiparous (51.6% vs 44.7%). Mean sum score for the 10 Steps was 6.2 (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.7) with mothers giving birth at the public sector having a higher mean score than those that gave birth in the private sector (7.1; SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.7 vs 5.7; SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.6; p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Mothers that reported that they breastfed exclusively and gave birth in the public sector had a mean score of 8.5 (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.0) in comparison those that EBF and gave birth in the private sector (7.1; SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.8).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics and mean sum score of the 10 Steps at (a) baseline and (b) between the public and private sector\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBaseline\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePublic\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrivate\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;586\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e% (N)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e% (N)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge (years)*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e145\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24.7\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.6 (67)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9 (78)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e258\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e44.0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.5 (88)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.5 (170)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e117\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20.0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9 (78)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u0026ndash;39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.8\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot stated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducation*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.7\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e234\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e39.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.8 (114)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.1 (120)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollege/ Undergraduate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e183\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e31.2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 (54)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.5 (129)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostgraduate Degree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e124\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21.2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 (94)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot stated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e41\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarital Status*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried/ Cohabiting\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e543\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e92.7\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.1 (193)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.6 (350)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivorced/ Separated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot stated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployment Status*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull Time\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e355\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e60.6\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.2 (100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.2 (255)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart Time\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e65\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnemployed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e134\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.2 (81)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 (53)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot stated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e32\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonthly Family Net Income*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;= \u0026euro;1500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e230\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e39.2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.5 (122)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.9 (108)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026euro;1501- \u0026euro;3000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e192\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e32.8\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.2 (154)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026euro;3001- \u0026euro;4500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e54\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; \u0026euro;4501\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot stated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e93\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 (53)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCountry of Origin*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCypriot\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e419\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e71.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.2 (134)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.2 (85)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Cypriot\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e129\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22.0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.5 (69)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0 (60)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot stated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e38\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eType Of Birth*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaginal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e249\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e42.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.4 (111)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.9 (138)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaesarian section\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e320\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e54.6\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.7 (99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.1 (221)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot stated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.0 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParity*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimiparous\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e278\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e47.4\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.1 (85)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.6 (193)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e292\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e49.8\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.0 (125)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.7 (167)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot stated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.7\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean (SD)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean (SD)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean (SD)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean Score of the 10 Steps\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 (2.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1(2.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 (2.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean Score of the 10 Steps for EBF within 48 hours after birth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 (2.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 (2.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e*p-value of Chi-square was used for categorical variables; p-value of independed variables was used for continuous variables\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBF and Implementation of the Steps\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e presents the prevalence of breastfeeding initiation and continuation up to the 6th month according to the self-reported experience of the 10 Steps for Successful Breastfeeding.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrevalence of any breastfeeding initiation and continuation up to the 6th month according to self-reported experience of the \u0026ldquo;10 steps\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"26\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c18\" colnum=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c19\" colnum=\"19\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c20\" colnum=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c21\" colnum=\"21\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c22\" colnum=\"22\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c23\" colnum=\"23\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c24\" colnum=\"24\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c25\" colnum=\"25\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c26\" colnum=\"26\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWHO steps for Successful Breastfeeding\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e48hours\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e% BF (N)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1st month\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e% BF (N)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e4th month\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e% BF (N)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e6th month\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e% BF (N)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;494\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;274\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;169\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;122\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"15\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 3: Information on BF prenatally\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"10\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e339\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82.9 (281)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e219\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.1 (171)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.080\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e228\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.9 (107)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.134\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e215\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.3 (76)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.283\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartially Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e164\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.5 (137)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.0 (69)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFully Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.7 (76)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.7 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"25\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 4: Early initiation of BF\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"25\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(a) \u003cem\u003eHeld the baby within 5 mins\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e266\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.6 (201)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.2 (116)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.025\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.5 (61)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e192\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c24\" namest=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.0 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.024\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e320\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.6 (293)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e201\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.6 (158)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e227\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.5 (109)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.1 (75)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(b) \u003cem\u003eSkin to Skin\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e433\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.5 (353)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.5 (198)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.332\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e288\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.2 (107)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e276\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3 (81)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.033\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92.2 (141)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.5 (76)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.0 (62)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.0 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(c) \u003cem\u003eBoth\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e464\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.5 (378)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e294\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.4(213)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.247\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e310\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.7 (117)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e299\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.4 (88)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.020\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95.1 (116)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.2 (61)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.9 (53)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"25\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 5: Help provided on BF\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"25\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(a) \u003cem\u003eHelp provided on BF\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 (65.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.088\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (44.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.801\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.8(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.646\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e496\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.5 (454)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e311\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.6 (235)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e330\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e141 (42.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e319\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.9 (105)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"25\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(b) \u003cem\u003eHelp provided on Baby positioning and attaching for BF\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.038\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.076\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.0 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.217\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.2 (456)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e318\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.8 (241)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e337\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.8 (151)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e324\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.6 (109)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(c) \u003cem\u003eBoth\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.1 (66)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.055\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.476\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.201\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e464\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92.2 (428)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e293\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.1 (223)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e312\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.9 (137)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.0 (102)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"25\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 7: Rooming In\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e389\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80.7 (314)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e236\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.2 (175)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.863\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e251\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.0 (103)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.295\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e243\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.0 (73)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.178\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.4 (180)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.3 (99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.5 (66)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"25\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 8: Feeding on demand\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"25\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(a) \u003cem\u003eFeeding every time the baby is hungry\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e338\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.9 (260)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e223\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.0 (156)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e229\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.2 (83)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 (60)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e248\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.4 (234)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.7 (118)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.036\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e164\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.4 (86)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e155\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.0 (62)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.009\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"25\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(b) \u003cem\u003eFeeding as long as the baby wants to\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.8 (207)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.6 (122)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e181\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.5 (77)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.0 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e313\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.7 (287)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.9 (152)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.622\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e212\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.4 (92)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.865\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e206\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.5 (71)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.357\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(c) \u003cem\u003eBoth\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e413\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80.4 (332)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e263\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.7 (186)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.5 (105)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e294\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.7 (246)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.676\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e173\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.6 (162)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.5 (88)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.032\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.3 (64)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.006\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.0 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"25\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 9: No use of pacifier\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e294\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.7 (246)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.676\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e127 (67.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.005\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e195\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.9 (72)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.016\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.0 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e292\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84.9 (248)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147 (80.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.0 (97)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.9 (75)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 10: Guidance for seeking support\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e442\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.4 (360)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e279\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.8 (203)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.403\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e289\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.1 (116)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.056\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.0 (82)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.104\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e144\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.1 (134)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.2 (71)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.0 (53)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eICBS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.7 (101)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.1 (62)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.153\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.841\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.703\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e441\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.1 (393)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e280\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.7 (212)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e291\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.3 (126)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e282\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c23\" namest=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.0 (93)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c24\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c26\" namest=\"c26\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"26\"\u003eP-value of chi square analysis for categorical variables\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplementation of Step 4, either partial or full, appeared to be the most influential on breastfeeding initiation and continuation up to the sixth month. Over 90% of the mothers who either \u003cem\u003eheld their newborn within 5 mins after birth and/or experienced skin to skin\u003c/em\u003e reported of BF initiation during hospital stay. Significantly lower was the proportion of mothers who initiated BF among those who first held their newborn after \u003cem\u003e5 mins\u003c/em\u003e, at 75.6% (p-value: \u0026lt;0.001) or did not practice skin to skin at 81.5% (p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002) or did not experience full implementation of step 4 (early initiation with skin-to-skin) at 81.5% (p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). These differences according to whether Step 4 was practiced were evident with BF continuation up to the sixth month. About half of the mothers who \u003cem\u003eheld their newborn within the first 5 mins after birth\u003c/em\u003e reported breastfeeding at the fourth month compared to 34.5% of those who did not (p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA striking difference in the prevalence of BF was also recorded at the fourth month with mothers who experienced \u003cem\u003eskin-to-skin\u003c/em\u003e being more likely to breastfeed (59.0%) compared to those who did not experienced skin-to-skin at 37.2% (p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Even larger was the difference in the prevalence of BF between mothers who experienced a full implementation of Step 4 (early initiation and skin-to-skin) compared to those who did not report experiencing any of the two components. Specifically, 63.9% of mothers who initiated breastfeeding within 5 mins with skin-to-skin contact were breastfeeding at the fourth month, which was nearly twice higher than the equivalent figure (37.7%) among those who did not fully experienced step 4 (p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). At the sixth month, the prevalence of BF fell to 44.2% among mothers who experienced full implementation of Step 4, but this was still much higher than the 29.8% estimated among those who did not (p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.020).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong mothers who received \u003cem\u003ehelp on BF\u003c/em\u003e or practical assistance on \u003cem\u003ebaby positioning and attaching (step 5)\u003c/em\u003e, 91.5% and 91.2% initiated BF. This was about two times higher than those who did not experienced either of the two components of Step 5 with 44.4% and 44.2%, respectively (p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Differences in the prevalence of BF initiation appeared slightly smaller when both components were considered together. More than 90% of those experienced full implementation of step 5, in comparison to 54.1% among those who did report any of the two components of Step 5 (p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Again, the association is more likely to be bi-directional as to some extent mothers who intent to breastfeed are more likely to request assistance compared to mothers who decided they would not breastfeed their infants.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the first month, the prevalence of any BF among mothers who experienced either partial or full implementation of step 5 still appeared higher (Full implementation: 76.1% vs 65.4%, p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.055; \u003cem\u003ehelp on positioning and attaching on BF\u003c/em\u003e: 75.8% vs 62.3%, p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.038; \u003cem\u003ehelp on BF\u003c/em\u003e: 75.6% vs 65.0%, p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.088) At the fourth month, differences in the prevalence of BF persisted only for those who reported receiving practical assistance on BF positioning and attaching (44.8% vs 32.1%; p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.078). Differences were no longer evident at the sixth month.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe majority of mothers (91.4%) who experienced rooming-in initiated BF during hospital stay. This proportion was higher by comparison to those who did report rooming-in (80.7%). The difference was statistically significant (p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), even though in terms of its clinical significance, it corresponds to a difference of only one additional mother initiating breastfeeding for every ten mothers rooming-in. This suggests that while mothers who room-in are more likely to breastfeed, the prevalence of breastfeeding initiation was relatively high even among mothers who did not room-in with their infants.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn contrast, while implementation of \u003cem\u003eStep 9\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003eno use of pacifier\u003c/em\u003e) did not appear to relate to initiation of breastfeeding while in the clinic (p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.676), it was associated with the likelihood of longer breastfeeding duration (80.3% vs 67.7% at first month, value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005; 49.0% vs 36.4% at the fourth month, p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.016 and 39.9% vs 25.0% at the sixth month, p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplementation of Step 8 (\u003cem\u003eadvice to breastfeed on demand\u003c/em\u003e), either partial or full, was found to be significantly associated with BF initiation with 94.4% versus 76.9% comparing women who do and do not report receiving correct information about feeding frequency (p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), 91.7% versus 75.8% comparing women who do and do not report receiving correct information about feeding duration (p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and 93.6% versus 80.4% (p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) comparing women who report receiving correct information about both aspects of \u0026ldquo;on demand\u0026rdquo; feeding compared to none. Interestingly, differences in the prevalence of BF within the first six months persisted for women who reported full implementation of step 8, or at least among those reporting receiving the correct advice in terms of feeding frequency (\u003cem\u003ewhenever the baby want to\u003c/em\u003e), but not in terms of feeding duration (\u003cem\u003efor as long as the baby needs\u003c/em\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn association was also observed between the implementation of the ICMBS as well as Step 10 (advice about seeking help after discharge) with in-hospital BF initiation. Neither of these two aspects, however, seem to be associated with the prevalence of breastfeeding in the longer term.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, no association was found between BF initiation and the implementation of Step 3 (information on BF in the prenatal period). While women who reported receiving information about the benefits and management of BF in the prenatal period appeared slightly more likely to initiate BF while at the clinic, the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the prevalence of breastfeeding in the longer term did not seem to differ according to whether women received information prenatally. In fact, and somewhat paradoxically, women who did not report receiving information, were slightly more likely to continue to breastfeed at the first, fourth and sixth month, even though the observed differences were not statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEBF and Implementation of the Steps\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of EBF initiation and continuation to the sixth month on the basis of the self-reported experience of the 10 Steps while at the clinic are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. In general, the pattern of association between each of the \u0026ldquo;10 steps\u0026rdquo; and the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding observed is similar to that described above in the case of any breastfeeding. However, in the case of exclusive breastfeeding even fewer aspects of the \u0026ldquo;good maternity\u0026rdquo; practices were found to be associated with EBF initiation and continuation up to the sixth month.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrevalence of exclusive breastfeeding initiation and continuation up to the 6th month according to self-reported experience of the \u0026ldquo;10 steps\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWHO steps for Successful Breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48hours\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-value\u0026sect;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1st month\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-value\u0026sect;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4th month\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-value\u0026sect;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6th month\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-value\u0026sect;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 3: Information on BF prenatally\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e339\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 (63)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.252\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e219\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.343\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e244\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.465\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.735\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartially Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e164\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.0 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFully Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 4: Early initiation of BF\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(a) \u003cem\u003eHeld the baby within 5 minutes\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e266\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.036\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e192\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.507\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e320\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 |(77)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e201\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e227\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(b) \u003cem\u003eSkin to Skin\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e433\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 (60)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e304\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e307\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.006\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.7 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(c) \u003cem\u003eBoth\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e464\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 (64)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e294\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e328\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e332\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.005\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.7 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 5: Help provided on BF\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(a) \u003cem\u003eHelp provided on BF\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.537\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.808\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.820\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e496\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 (91)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e311\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.0 (53)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e348\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e350\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(b) \u003cem\u003eHelp provided on Baby positioning and attaching\u003c/em\u003e for BF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.522\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.466\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.264\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.532\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 (96)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e318\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 (53)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e355\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 (11.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e357\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(c) \u003cem\u003eBoth\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.584\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.854\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.396\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.834\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e464\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 (85)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e293\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e328\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e330\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 7: Rooming In\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e389\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43 (11.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e236\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.625\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e267\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.572\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.223\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67 (34.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 8: Feeding on demand\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(a) \u003cem\u003eFeeding every time the baby is hungry\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e338\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 (52)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.014\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e223\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.017\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e247\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.103\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e249\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.834\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e248\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 (58)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.0 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(b) \u003cem\u003eFeeding as long as the baby wants to\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.124\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.584\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 (11.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.504\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.257\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e313\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 (66)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e226\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e228\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(c) \u003cem\u003eBoth\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e413\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 (64)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e263\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.026\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e293\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e294\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.692\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e173\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 9: No use of pacifiers\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e294\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e209\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.022\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e210\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.013\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e292\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 (80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e206\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 (16.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e207\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStep 10: Guidance for seeking support\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e442\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 (80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.466\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e279\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 (52)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.218\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e304\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.903\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e304\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.394\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e144\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.0 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eICBS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Implemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.127\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.923\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.586\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.222\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e441\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 (89)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e280\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e306\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e306\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"13\"\u003e\u0026sect;p-value of Chi square analysis\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of EBF initiation was significantly higher among mothers who experienced partial or complete implementation of \u003cem\u003eStep 4\u003c/em\u003e (early contact with baby with skin-to-skin) The proportion of mothers who initiated EBF within the first 48 hours was about 2 times higher among those who held their infant \u003cem\u003ewithin the first 5 mins after birth\u003c/em\u003e (24.1%) in comparison to those that did not (12.4%; p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). In relation of skin-to-skin, 32.7% among those who report holding their baby skin-to-skin, breastfeeding their baby exclusively in the clinic, which was about 2 times higher than those who did not (13.9%; p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The difference was more striking for full implementation of Step 4 since as many as 37.7% versus 13.8% of women reported breastfeeding their baby exclusively while at the clinic (p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis difference in the likelihood to be breastfeeding exclusively persisted in the case of \u003cem\u003eskin-to-skin\u003c/em\u003e and in the case of full implementation of \u003cem\u003eStep 4\u003c/em\u003e up to the sixth month. Mothers who experienced skin-to-skin were consistently about two to three times as likely to be breastfeeding exclusively in the longer term compared to those who did not (1st month: 28.6% vs 13.2%, p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; 4th month:22.5% vs 8.6%, p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; 6th month: 10.0% vs 3.3% p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006). The differences were even stronger when full implementation of step 4 was considered (1st month: 33.8% vs 12.9%, p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; 4th month:26.4% vs 8.5%, p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; 6th month: 10.6% vs 3.6% p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEBF initiation was also associated with good advice in terms of Feeding Frequency (\u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003eany time the baby wants to\u0026rdquo;\u003c/em\u003e) and full implementation of Step 8 (\u003cem\u003eFeeding on Demand\u003c/em\u003e), but not with good advice with regards to Feeding Duration alone (\u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003eas long as the baby wants to\u0026rdquo;\u003c/em\u003e). Any effect on \u0026ldquo;good advice\u0026rdquo; with regards to feeding on demand was evident only at the first month. Beyond that, the prevalence of women exclusively feeding their infants at fourth and sixth month did not differ according to whether the reported being given advice on feeding on demand while at the clinic.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn relation to rooming-in, women who practiced it were three times more likely to be exclusively breastfeeding while at the clinic (34.0% vs 11.1%; p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). However, any association between rooming-in and exclusive breastfeeding was restricted to the first 48 hours, as was the case with any breastfeeding. The likelihood of women exclusively breastfeeding in the longer term did not differ according to whether they roomed-in with their infants while at the clinic.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn contrast, and again similarly to the case of any breastfeeding, Step 9 (no use of pacifiers) appears to have a positive association with EBF initiation as well as its continuation up to the sixth month. While at the clinic, women who did not report using pacifiers, were nearly three times more likely to exclusively breastfeed (27.4% Vs 10.2; p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Similarly, women who did not report using pacifiers while at the clinic, were at least twice as likely to be exclusively breastfeeding at the first, fourth and sixth month (in all cases p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, no association was found between exclusive breastfeeding and Step 3 (information on breastfeeding in the prenatal period), Step 5 (offered practical assistance), Step 10 (advice on seeking help in the community) and the implementation of the ICMBS.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePrevalence of EBF by the Sum Score of the 10 Steps\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, both EBF initiation as well as continuation up to the sixth month showed a clear stepwise increasing pattern across quartiles of mothers with increasing 10 Steps sum score. For instance, the quartile of mothers with highest sum scores were more likely to breastfeeding exclusively during their staying in the maternity clinic (34.2%). In contrast, among the quartile of mothers with the lowest BSES scores only 7.5% initiated EBF (p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The prevalence of EBF for the two middle groups (2nd and 3rd quartiles) appeared in-between with 14.4% and 19.0%, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrevalence of Breastfeeding and Exclusive Breastfeeding at the first 48 hours as well as at the first, fourth and sixth month according to quartiles of increasing levels of the sum score of implementing of the 10 steps for successful breastfeeding as experienced by mothers within 48 hours after birth\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"17\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24hours\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1st month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4th month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6th month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo BF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixed BF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEBF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo BF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixed BF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEBF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo BF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixed BF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEBF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo BF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixed BF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEBF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLower Quartile\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(range:0.00\u0026ndash;4.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.8 (60)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(76)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(12.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.4 (58)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71.9 (64)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2nd Quartile\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(range: 4.00\u0026ndash;5.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(110)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58. (57)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.2 (60)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71.9(64)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3rd Quartile\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(range: 5.00\u0026ndash;7.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(108)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.7 (57)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.4 (67)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUpper Quartile\u003c/b\u003e (range: 7.00\u0026ndash;14.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 (20.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(56)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.3 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.5 (54)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP-value\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.240\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.093\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.014\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep-value for trend\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.011\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.034\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.015\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"17\"\u003eSum Score min-max: 0 (implementation of no step) -14 (all steps experienced); Scores of binary variables: 0 (no implementation) and 2 (full implementation); Scores of categorical variables: 0 ( no implementation), 1 ( partial implementation) and 2 ( full implementation); Sample Size at each time point: Ν\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;586 during the first 48 hours, Ν\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;372 at 1st month, Ν\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;415 at 4th month and Ν\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;417 at 6th month; p-values of Chi-square test of independence and chi-square test for trend (Linear-by-Linear) is reported\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the first month, among mothers at the upper quartile of sum scores were almost two times as many as those in the lower quartile were exclusively breastfeeding (20.8% vs 11.0%, p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.240). Differences in the prevalence of EBF at the fourth month were narrower, as 15.1% of mothers at the upper quartile of the scores were more likely to be exclusively breastfeeding compared to 14.0% of women at the lower quartile (p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.093). Fewer than 10% of the mothers at the upper quartile were exclusively breastfeeding at the sixth month, in comparison to those at the lowest quartile (3.4%; p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.014).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAssociation of the 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding with breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEBF\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull implementation of both components of Step 4 appeared to have a strong association with EBF initiation with adjOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.75 (95% CI:2.09, 6.72; p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), but this was not apparent for partial implementation of Step 4 (adjOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.19 (95% CI:0.68, 2.08; p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.537) However, a decrease in the odds was observed, and the association was statistically significant only for full implementation with adjOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.87 (95% CI: 1.44, 5.71; p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003), but not for partial implementation (adjOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.945, 95% CI: 0.47, 1.90; p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.880). The association with full, but not partial, implementation, of Step 4 was still evident at the first month (adjOR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.44, 5.71, p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003) and at the fourth month. Specifically, women who reported full implementation of step 4 were about 5-times more likely to be exclusively breastfeeding at the fourth month (adjOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.27, 10.88; p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) \u003cb\u003e(\u003c/b\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStepwise Logistic Binary Regression Analysis of EBF at 48 hours and up to the sixth month with regards to the implementation of the 10 Steps\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 hours\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1st month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4th month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6th month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAdjOR (95% CI)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep-value\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAdjOR(95% CI)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep-value\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAdjOR (95% CI)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep-value\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAdjOR (95% CI)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep-value\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 3: Information on BF prenatally\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.15 (0.69, 1.90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.597\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37 (0.17, 0.81)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.012\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 4: Early initiation of BF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.19 (0.68, 2.08)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.537\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.945 (0.47, 1.90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.874\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.22 (0.55, 2.75)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.624\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.75 (2.09, 6.72)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.87 (1.44, 5.71)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.003\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.97 (2.27, 10.88)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 5: Help provided on BF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.24 (0.06, 0.88)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.032\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.30 (0.12, 0.72)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.008\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 7: Rooming In\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.47 (2.18, 5.51)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 8:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 9: No Use of a Pacifier\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.50 (1.54, 4.07)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.79 (2.02, 7.13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.44 (1.23, 9.56)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.018\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimilarly, the implementation of Step 9 (no use of pacifiers) was positively associated with EBF initiation, as well as continuation of exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers who practiced Step 9 during hospital stay appear about two times more likely to initiate exclusive breastfeeding and about 3\u0026ndash;4 times more likely to continue EBF in the longer term. For instance, mothers who did not use pacifiers while at the clinic were 3.44-times (95% 1.23, 9.56) more likely to be exclusively breastfeeding at the sixth month.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, rooming-in appears to be associated with EBF initiation (adjOR: 3.47, 95% CI: 2.18, 5.51; p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), but not with the likelihood that a mother will continue exclusively breastfeeding in the longer term.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterestingly, while an association was observed between Step 3 (information on the benefits and management of breastfeeding in the prenatal period) and EBF initiation [adjOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.24, 95% CI 0.98, 5.11; p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.055 (data not shown)] before considering the other variables, this association reversed in the adjusted models (which retain step4: early contact with skin-to-skin, step 7: rooming-in and step 9: no use of pacifiers as the most predictive of EBF initiation). It is not entirely clear what might explain the reversal of the association (adjOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.37, 95% CI 0.17, 0.81) once the most predictive variables are included in the model. Since the variable refers to information being given in the prenatal period, it may suggest that among women who practiced skin-to-skin, rooming-in and use no pacifiers, it is the ones who did not attend prenatal classes (where such information is more likely to have been provided) who were more likely to initiate exclusively breastfeeding.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBF\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e shows the stepwise regression models for the association between BF at 48 hours as well as at the first, fourth and sixth months with self-reported experience of the \u0026ldquo;10 steps\u0026rdquo;. Implementation of Step 5 (practical assistance with breastfeeding) appeared to have the greatest effect on BF initiation than any other step both after considering all others in a stepwise model. Mother who experienced either partial, or even more so full, implementation of this step were 8\u0026ndash;22 times more likely to initiate BF (adjOR: 8.61, 95% CI: 3.29, 22.52, p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 at partial and adjOR: 21.72, 95% CI: 9.69, 48.69, p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 at full implementation). Nevertheless, this is not surprising, since it only suggests that women who decided they would not breastfeed at all, were simply not offered assistance by the maternity clinic staff. Based on the findings reported in the previous section, practical assistance with BF by the maternity clinic staff was only predicting that a woman will initiate breastfeeding, and not whether she will exclusively breastfeed, as no association was observed between step 5 and EBF.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStepwise Logistic Binary Regression Analysis of BF at 48 hours and up to the sixth month with regards to the implementation of the 10 Steps\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 hours\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1st month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4th month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6th month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjOR (95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjOR (95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjOR (95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjOR (95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.54 (0.31, 0.92)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56 (0.28, 1.14)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.107\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 4: Early initiation of BF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.831 (0.998, 3.360)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.051\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.52 (0.953, 2.401)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.079\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.227 (1.624, 11.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.003\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.603 (2.059. 6.302)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 5: Help provided on BF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.606 (3.288, 22.524)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.01 (0.757, 5.328)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.161\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.721 (9.690, 48.688)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.857 (1.321, 6.178)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.008\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 8: Feeding on demand\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.876 (1.491, 5.547)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.82 (0.47, 1.42)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.479\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.623 (1.687, 7.779)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77 (1.03, 3.03)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.038\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 9: No use of pacifier\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.091 (1.281, 3.412)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.003\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.01 (1.28, 3.14)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eICBS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.845 (1.570, 5.155)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, as with the case of exclusive breastfeeding, implementation of Step 4 (partial or full) was positively associated with BF initiation as well as continuation. Mothers who experienced one of the two components of Step 4 were about two times more likely to initiate BF (adjOR: 1.83 (95% CI: 0.998, 3.360, p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.051). Mothers who experienced any (but not both) of the two components were 1.52-times more likely to breastfeed (95% CI: 1.39, 4.74, p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003). Full implementation of Step 4 (i.e. \u003cem\u003eholding baby within 5 mins\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003epracticing skin-to-\u003c/em\u003eskin) was one of the most predictive variables of the likelihood a mother would breastfeed in the longer term. Mothers who reported skin-to-skin within the first 5 mins were at least 3 times to breastfeed at the fourth month (adjOR: 3.603 95% 2.059. 6.302, p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), even though no association was observed at the first and sixth month.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplementation of Step 8 (\u003cem\u003eadvice on how to breastfeed on demand\u003c/em\u003e), whether reported as partially or fully implemented by the participating mothers, also appeared to be associated with BF initiation with adjOR: 2.876 (95% CI: 1.491, 5.5470.002) and adjOR: 3.623 (95% CI: 1.687, 7.779); p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) respectively. While being advised to BF on demand did not seem to predict whether a woman would be breastfeeding at the first and fourth month, it appears that this was more predictive whether a woman would be breastfeeding at the sixth month, even more so than step 4 (which was more predictive of breastfeeding behaviour at the first and fourth month). Specifically, the only variables that were predictive of breastfeeding at the sixth month were step 8 along with step 9 (no pacifiers). Women who reported full implementation being more likely to be breastfeeding at the sixth month (adjOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.03, p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.038).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn relation to Step 9 (no pacifiers), mothers who did not report using them were about two times more likely to breastfeed at first and sixth month. In fact, similarly, to breastfeeding on demand, the use of pacifiers was more predictive than other variables of whether a woman would be still breastfeeding at the sixth month. No significant differences in the ORs were observed before and after adjusting for the other steps, which suggests that the practice of not using pacifiers is an independent predictor of BF continuation (data not shown).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, a positive association was found between the implementation of ICBS and BF initiation (adjOR: 2.845 2.95 95% CI: 1.570, 5.155, p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001). Nevertheless, this did not predict whether a woman would be breastfeeding in the longer term.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall, it appears that steps 4 (early contact with skin-to-skin), 8 (advice by the staff to BF on demand), 9 (no use of pacifiers) are more predictive of whether a woman will initiate breastfeeding. Step 5 (practical assistance) is added to this list of strong predictors, even though, as discussed above, this is more likely to be an artefact as a result of the fact that no assistance would be expected to be provided to women who express the wish not to breastfeed. Furthermore, the implementation of the Code appears to be an independent predictor of breastfeeding initiation, however this does not seem to be predictive of longer-term breastfeeding behaviour. Among these variables, only three steps (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e) in some combination appeared to be more consistently predictive of the likelihood a mother would be breastfeeding at the first, fourth and sixth month.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMain Findings\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe objective of the present study was to assess the effect maternity practices on BF initiation, continuation and exclusivity up to the sixth month. Overall, it seems that the only two variables which more consistently predict the likelihood of a mother to exclusively breastfeed in the longer term, are step 4 (and especially skin-to-skin) and step 9 (no use of pacifiers). The association of Step 4 with BF and EBF initiation appears to be stronger when it is fully implemented, suggesting a cumulative effect of both components of Step 4. In contrast, Step 8 (feeding on demand) and Step 7 (rooming-in) only appear to independently predict EBF initiation, and not continuation. In relation with the association of the other steps and BF/ EBF, a mixed pattern was observed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eThe Implementation of the 10 Steps and BF and EBF initiation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplementation of Step 5 (assistance by maternity clinic staff) appears to have the greatest effect on BF initiation, whereas no association was found with EBF initiation. This seemingly paradoxical result might be due to the fact that mothers who initiated BF (but are not breastfeeding exclusively) might have actually experienced problems and requested for maternity staff support. Thus, practical support and encouragement provided by the maternity clinic staff might helped them to overcome the potential problems during BF initiation. In fact, this assistance might not necessarily pertain to breastfeeding support, but assistance with formula feeding. It is of note that 82.6% of the mothers who did not breastfeed exclusively within the first 48 hours reported introducing formula supplementation. Of those, 84.2% reported receiving help from the maternity staff.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Step 8 (breastfeeding on demand) and ICMBS were also associated with BF initiation, and not EBF. In relation to Step 8, it has been previously suggested that breastfeeding on demand might contribute to fewer formula feedings and thus might contribute to successful BF establishment (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e). With regards to the ICMBS, it should be noted that a high proportion of mothers in this study reported not receiving any breast milk substitute at least up to the point of the interview i.e. 24\u0026ndash;48 hours after birth. While this suggests a high level of implementation of the ICMBS, it might be an overestimation as a result of the study design. Commonly free samples of breast milk substitutes and other may be given at discharge (usually the third day as per current practices in Cyprus).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn contrast to the above, rooming-in appears to be positively associated with exclusivity. In other words, mothers who roomed-in are not necessarily more likely to have breastfed, but if they did they breastfed exclusively. Continuous mother-infant cohabitation may facilitate the implementation of other maternity practices, and in particular BF on demand. Among mothers who reported experiencing full implementation of Step 8 (\u003cem\u003eadvice for BF on demand \u0026ndash; whenever and for as long as the baby wants\u003c/em\u003e), 42.2% also experienced rooming-in, while among those who experienced none of the two components of Step 8, the majority (73.7%) did not experience rooming-in (p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005; data not shown). The implementation of Step 8 (i.e. truly unrestricted feeding) is only feasible with rooming-in (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e). This association is suggestive of the interrelation between the steps. Furthermore, it is suggestive of a reverse causality i.e. women who intent to breastfeed exclusively may be more likely to both room-in with their infant and breatfeed on demand. Existing evidence in the literature with regards to the role of rooming-in is conflicting on BF initiation. While some studies confirmed of a positive association between rooming-in and BF (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e), others failed to show this association (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Evidence suggests that rooming-in through, the support of the implementation of Step 8 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e) is associated with longer feeding duration (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e), more frequent feedings (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e), earlier breast milk production and exclusivity (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e) Infants that stay with their mothers are less likely to cry and more likely to soothe easier and sleep longer (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e). Thereafter, it might reduce the risk of pacifier use for infant soothing/crying due to fewer BF difficulties and unaffected BF production (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e). The effect of rooming-in did not persist on BF continuation, which is supported by other studies as well (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e). This might be due to the fact that other BF determinants might have stronger effect on BF continuation, such as the BF difficulties encountered after discharge, provision of social support, insufficiency of BM production etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExisting evidence mainly focuses on the investigation of the individual effect of each component \u0026lsquo;\u003cem\u003eskin to skin\u0026rsquo;\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR32 CR33 CR34 CR35\" citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e) and \u0026lsquo;\u003cem\u003einitiation of BF within one hour after birth\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rsquo; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e) confirming their individual beneficial effect to BF and EBF initiation. In particular, with regards to skin-to-skin, a dose-response relationship has been suggested, whereby longer duration of skin-to-skin contact is more strongly associated with the likelihood of initiating exclusive breastfeeding (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, previous studies have suggested that shorter duration of skin-to-skin contact at birth is associated with increased risk of early introduction of formula feeding (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e). Mothers who experienced skin-to-skin are more likely to initiate BF early (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e), which in turn will result to active suckling success, increasing the likelihood to achieve successful initiation of BF without any assistance (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDelivery by C/S is a known determinant of the successful implementation of step 4, and in particular skin-to-skin. The high rate of C/S in our sample would explain to some extent the low proportion of mothers reporting practicing skin-to-skin. Nevertheless, even among mothers who gave birth vaginally, only 36.5% reported experiencing skin to skin, compared to 19.4% who delivered by C/S. A more striking difference by mode of delivery was observed in terms of early initiation, since 93.2% of mothers who gave birth vaginally reported holding the baby within the first one hour (35.7% experienced full implementation of step 4) in comparison with 58.1% of the mothers (13.4% experienced full implementation of step 4) who delivered by cesarean section.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eThe implementation of the 10 Steps and BF and EBF duration\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe association of Step 9 (no use of pacifiers) with BF does not seem to be restricted to the first 48 hours, but appears to persist with for the first six months. In other words, women who reported not using pacifiers while at the clinic were not only more likely to initiate exclusive breastfeeding, but they were also more likely to continue EBF in the longer term. This association has been confirmed by other studies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR43 CR44 CR45 CR46\" citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt has been suggested that mothers who introduce pacifiers early after birth are more likely to perform infrequent (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e) and shorter feedings (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e) which, in turn, might result to insufficient production of breast milk (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e). Other studies suggested that pacifier use may be an independent determinant of BF discontinuation, over and above the existence of BF problems or incorrect BF techniques (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e). Alternatively, it has been suggested by O\u0026rsquo; Connor \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (2009) that the association between BF and pacifier use can be attributed to residual confounding and reverse causality (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e). For example, intention to breastfeed exclusively might influence mothers to avoid pacifier use in general, including for infant calming and soothing. At the same time, use of a pacifier might be a marker for the presence of BF problems or the beginning of weaning (i.e. reverse causality). In fact, they describe pacifiers as \u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003ean implicit form of weaning when mothers are ambivalent about breastfeeding\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rdquo; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e). Pacifier use might also be regarded by mothers as a positive behavior associated with longer intervals between feedings and taking the babies of their breast increasing the risk of insufficient milk production (residual confounding) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e). Relevant randomized controlled trials revealed no difference in BF duration between different pacifier interventions (i.e. delayed introduction of pacifiers, educational programme for alternative methods of soothing) supporting that pacifier use might be an indicative maker of more complex behaviors (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimilarly, with other studies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e), implementation of Step 9 was associated with longer duration of EBF. Findings of the present study show that the positive impact of Step 9 observed at baseline and at first month, is not maintained at fourth and sixth month. This observation might come into agreement with the potential explanation suggested that pacifier use does not have a direct effect on early BF discontinuation rather than it is an indicator of a number of factors and behaviors that are might influence BF outcomes (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e). For example, mothers that experience breastfeeding difficulties and decide to discontinue BF or EBF, might initiate pacifier use to facilitate the introduction of bottle feeding (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e). On the contrary, mothers overcome BF difficulties and decide to continue EBF, pacifier use is less likely to influence duration. Other studies, however, showed of no association (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnly full implementation of Step 4 was associated with BF and EBF continuation. This observation suggests the importance of successful BF initiation by the implementation of early skin to skin to the successful BF and EBF establishment and continuation (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e). Early skin to skin was associated with the experience of fewer BF difficulties such as breast engorgement (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e), and thus with reduced risk of formula introduction or early weaning (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e). The effect of Step 8 on BF duration was also confirmed by other studies (9; 47).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt should be noted that the association between BF initiation and exclusivity and the experience of any of the Steps is likely to be bi-directional. Mothers who are more knowledgeable on breastfeeding issues and those who intent to breastfeed, and even more so exclusively, might be more likely to request the implementation of the steps (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e), indicating a bi-directional association between BF and the 10 Steps. In this case, maternity practices might be used as facilitators in successful BF initiation, continuation and exclusivity with the reduction of the risk of BF difficulties and, the development of maternal skills in infant care and enhancement of BFSE.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec25\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStrengths and Limitations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA clear strength of the study is its prospective design which facilitated the assessment of infant feeding practices over the period of the first six months, avoiding the recall bias of a retrospective design. It should be acknowledged that the present study measured the individual association of each of the 10 Steps on BF outcomes and on breastfeeding self-efficacy, but not the cumulative effect of all maternity practices as a pack on BF outcomes. This was not deemed useful since only 1% of the sample reported experiencing all the Steps, even when not including Step 6 \u0026ndash; Exclusive Breastfeeding. The study applied stepwise regression models in order to identify the set of practices which are more predictive of BF outcomes and breastfeeding self-efficacy. This approach was preferred to a multivariable model (which would include all variables) due to collinearity between the variables.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecognizing the potential bi-directional association between experiencing the 10 steps, breastfeeding self-efficacy and BF behavior/outcomes, the study avoided hypothesizing a causal relationship between the experience of \u0026ldquo;good practices\u0026rdquo; and positive BF outcomes mediated by breastfeeding self-efficacy. Also, the study described the magnitude of the observed associations, and avoided any inferences about a causal nature. It is, thus, recognized that while the experience of \u0026ldquo;good practices\u0026rdquo; may positively impact maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, at the same time, mothers with higher breastfeeding self-efficacy may be more likely to request and demand the implementation of certain \"good practices\u0026rdquo;. Similarly, while the experience of \u0026ldquo;good practices\u0026rdquo; may positively impact on BF outcomes, both short-term as well as long-term, at the same time, intention to breastfeed (measured here only with a single-item) or other potential covariates related to motivation for BF (e.g. beliefs and attitudes related to breastfeeding and child-rearing, maternal personality characteristics etc) may actually be driving both the likelihood that a mother will breastfeed and/or breastfeed exclusively as well as the likelihood that she will implement or demand the implementation of certain \"good practices\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, the study used only quantitative methods since the aim was to provide first-time estimates of breastfeeding in Cyprus beyond the 48 hours and explore the extent to which the implementation of the 10 steps are associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding outcomes. However, an in-depth exploration of the perceptions and attitudes of women in Cyprus with regards to breastfeeding, and perceived reasons for premature discontinuation using qualitative methods would have enriched the study findings\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe findings of the present study prove the importance of the \u0026ldquo;10 Steps\u0026rdquo; to support successful BF initiation, continuation and exclusivity. Even though, the National Breastfeeding Committee of the Cyprus Ministry of Health has developed a national strategy for breastfeeding (2011) and Policy (2015) which includes a call to launch the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative, to date, no maternity clinic in Cyprus has been certified as baby-friendly. The scattered implementation of the ten steps and the effect on breastfeeding rates during the first 6 months of life highlight the importance of prioritizing implementation of the BFHI in the maternity practices of Cyprus to facilitate the protection, support and promotion of breastfeeding.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors wish to express their appreciation and gratitude to all mothers who participated in the study and to the fieldworkers for their essential contribution in the recruitment of participants at the maternity clinics and data collection at the baseline phase of the study. Furthermore, they would like to acknowledge the National Breastfeeding Committee for its support. Financial support: The study was part of the research programme \u0026lsquo;The BrEaST start in life: addressing social inequalities and supporting breastfeeding through inclusion activities\u0026rsquo;, which was funded by Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Financial Mechanism and the Republic of Cyprus. The funders had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflict of interest: The authors declare of no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthorship\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eN.M., I.P.-D., O.K., C.K., E.L. and E.H. conceived and designed the study and secured the funding. I.P.-D. was the project leader and N.M. was the scientific coordinator of the BrEaST start in life programme. M.E. was the study\u0026rsquo;s research coordinator and the study forms part of her doctoral dissertation. N.M. was the main PhD advisor of the first author (M.E.) and C.K. and E.L. were members of the PhD advisory committee, and were all involved in the overall supervision of the study. N.M., V. H., E.P. and M.E. trained the fieldworkers and monitored the data collection at phase I. V.H. performed data collection at phase I of the study and contributed to data management and analysis and the editing of the manuscript. M.E. conducted the telephone follow-up data collection at phase II, managed the data set, performed the statistical analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. N.M. guided the statistical analysis and N.M. and O.K. assisted in drafting and editing the first draft of the manuscript. All authors assisted in interpreting the data and critically revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWritten informed consent was acquired from all mothers for the participation for each phase of the study. This study was approved by the Cyprus National Bioethics Committee, the Research Promotion Committee of the Ministry of Health, and the administration of all participating clinics. Notification was sent to the Commissioner of Personal Data Protection. Written consent was obtained from mothers for each phase of their participation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for Publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot Applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability Statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and/or analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was part of the research program \u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003eThe BrEaST start in life: addressing social inequalities and supporting breastfeeding through inclusion activities\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rdquo;, which was funded by Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway through the EEA Financial Mechanism and the Republic of Cyprus. The funders played no part in any of the stages of the study including study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contribution\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNM, IPD, OK, CK, EL and EH conceived and designed the study and secured the funding. IPD was the project leader and NM was the scientific coordinator of the BrEaST start in life programme. ME was the study\u0026rsquo;s research coordinator and the study forms part of her doctoral dissertation. NM was the main PhD advisor of the first author (ME) and CK and EL were members of the PhD advisory committee and were all involved in the overall supervision of the study. NM, VH and ME trained the field workers and monitored the data collection at phase I. VH performed data collection at phase I of the study and contributed to data management and analysis and to the editing of the manuscript. ME conducted the telephone follow-up data collection at phase II, managed the dataset, performed the statistical analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. NM guided the statistical analysis and NM and OK assisted in drafting and editing the first draft of the manuscript. All authors assisted in interpreting the data and critically revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would to express our appreciation and gratitude to all mothers who participated in the study and well as to the field workers for their essential contribution for the recruitment of participants at the maternity clinics and data collection at the baseline phase of the study. Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge the National Breastfeeding Committee for their support.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeek JY, Noble L, \u0026amp; Section on Breastfeeding. Policy statement: breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 2022; 150(1), e2022057988.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHorta BL \u0026amp; Victora CG Long-term effects of breastfeeding: a systematic Review. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2013\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHorta BL Loret de Mola C, Victora, CG. Long‐term consequences of breastfeeding on cholesterol, obesity, systolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Acta Paediatrica 2015; 104(S467): 30-37.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWHO/UNICEF, Innocenti declaration on the protection, promotion, and support of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding in the 1990\u0026apos;s: A global initiative meeting in Florence, Italy and New York. 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Exposure to baby-friendly hospital practices and mothers\u0026rsquo; achievement of their planned duration of breastfeeding. \u003cem\u003eBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth\u003c/em\u003e, 2020: \u003cem\u003e20\u003c/em\u003e, 1-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiGirolamo AM, Grummer‐Strawn LM, Fein S. Maternity care practices: implications for breastfeeding. Birth 2001; 28 (2), pp.94-100.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheofilogiannakou M, Skouroliakou M, Gounaris A, Panagiotakos D, Markantonis, S.L. Breast-feeding in Athens, Greece: factors associated with its initiation and duration. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2006; 43(3): 379-384.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChien LY, Tai, CJ, Chu KH, Ko YL, Chiu YC. The number of Baby Friendly hospital practices experienced by mothers is positively associated with breastfeeding: a questionnaire survey. 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The association of breastfeeding self-efficacy with breastfeeding duration and exclusivity: longitudinal assessment of the predictive validity of the Greek version of the BSES-SF tool. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2021; 21(1), 1-16.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWHO, 2009. Section 4: hospital self-appraisal and monitoring. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised, Updated and Expanded for Integrated Care. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. [available at https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/BFHI_2009_s4.pdf - accessed May 2023]\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDennis CL. The breastfeeding self‐efficacy scale: Psychometric assessment of the short form. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic \u0026amp; Neonatal Nursing, 2003; 32(6), 734-744.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUNICEF/WHO BFHI. Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. Revised version updated and expanded for integrated care. Chapter 4-Self Assessment and Monitoring of the Hospital. 2006. [available at https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/BFHI_2009_s4.pdf - accessed March 2023]\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeclercq E, Labbok MH, Sakala C, O\u0026apos;hara M. Hospital practices and women\u0026apos;s likelihood of fulfilling their intention to exclusively breastfeed. American Journal of Public Health 2009; 99(5), pp.929-935.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWHO. \u0026lsquo;Evidence for the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding\u0026rsquo;, Report, pp. 1\u0026ndash;110. doi: 9241591544. Geneva: Switzerland. 1998 [available at http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43633/9241591544_eng.pdf?sequence=1 - accessed October 2023]\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMurray EK, Ricketts S, Dellaport J. Hospital practices that increase breastfeeding duration: Results from a population‐based study. Birth 2007; 34(3), 202-211.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCrenshaw J. Care practice# 6: No separation of mother and baby, with unlimited opportunities for breastfeeding. 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What works to protect, promote and support breastfeeding on a large scale: A review of reviews. Maternal \u0026amp; Child Nutrition 2022; 18, e13344.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSandhi A, Lee GT, Chipojola R, Huda MH, Kuo SY. The relationship between perceived milk supply and exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months postpartum: a cross-sectional study. International Breastfeeding Journal, 2020; 15(1), 1-11.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKarimi FZ, Sadeghi R, Maleki-Saghooni N, Khadivzadeh T. The effect of mother-infant skin to skin contact on success and duration of first breastfeeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019; 58(1), 1-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBramson L, Lee JW, Moore E, Montgomery S, Neish C, Bahjri K, Melcher CL. Effect of early skin-to-skin mother\u0026mdash;Infant contact during the first 3 hours following birth on exclusive breastfeeding during the maternity hospital stay. Journal of Human Lactation, 2010; 26(2), 130-137.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoore ER, Bergman N, Anderson G, Medley N.. Early skin‐to‐skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. The Cochrane Library. 2016\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMikiel‐Kostyra, K., Mazur, J. and Boltruszko, I.,. Effect of early skin‐to‐skin contact after delivery on duration of breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study. Acta Paediatrica, 2002 91(12), 1301-1306.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNakao, Y., Moji, K., Honda, S. and Oishi, K.,. Initiation of breastfeeding within 120 minutes after birth is associated with breastfeeding at four months among Japanese women: a self-administered questionnaire survey. International Breastfeeding Journal, 2008; 3(1), =1.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHern\u0026aacute;ndez-Cordero, S., Lozada-Tequeanes, A. L., Fern\u0026aacute;ndez-Gaxiola, A. C., Shamah-Levy, T., Sachse, M., Veliz, P., \u0026amp; Cos\u0026iacute;o-Barroso, I. Barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding during the immediate and one month postpartum periods, among Mexican women: a mixed methods approach. International breastfeeding journal, 2020; 15(1), 1-12.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKalmakoff S, Gray A, Baddock S. Predictors of supplementation for breastfed babies in a Baby-Friendly hospital. Women and Birth. 2017\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAghdas K, Talat K, Sepideh B. Effect of immediate and continuous mother\u0026ndash;infant skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women: A randomised control trial. Women and Birth, 2014; 27(1), 37-40.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eİnal S, Aydin Y, Canbulat N. Factors associated with breastfeeding initiation time in a baby-friendly hospital in Istanbul. Applied Nursing Research, 2016; 32, 26-29.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAarts C, H\u0026ouml;rnell A, Kylberg E, Hofvander Y, Gebre-Medhin M. Breastfeeding patterns in relation to thumb sucking and pacifier use. Pediatrics, 1999; 104(4), e50-e50.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHoward CR, Howard FM, Lanphear B, Eberly S, Lawrence RA. The effects of early pacifier use on breastfeeding duration. Pediatrics, 1999; 103(3), e33-e33.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVogel AM, Hutchison BL, Mitchell EA. The impact of pacifier use on breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2001; 37(1), 58-63.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKronborg H, V\u0026aelig;th M. How are effective breastfeeding technique and pacifier use related to breastfeeding problems and breastfeeding duration?. Birth, 2009; 36(1), 34-42.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMauch CE, Scott JA, Magarey AM, Daniels LA. Predictors of and reasons for pacifier use in first-time mothers: an observational study. BMC pediatrics, 2012; 12(1), 7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhang Y, Yang J, Li W, Wang N, Ye Y, Yan S, Wang S, Zeng T, Huang Z, Zhang F, Li Y, Yao S, Wang H, Rozelle S, Xu T, Jin, X. Effects of baby-friendly practices on breastfeeding duration in China: a case-control study. International Breastfeeding Journal 2020; 15, 1-10.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eO\u0026rsquo;Connor NR, Tanabe KO, Siadaty MS, Hauck FR, Pacifiers and breastfeeding: a systematic review. Archives of pediatrics \u0026amp; adolescent medicine 2009; 163(4), pp.378-382.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJaafar SH, Jahanfar S, Angolkar M, Ho JJ. Pacifier use versus no pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 3.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePincombe J, Baghurst P, Antoniou G, Peat B, Henderson A, Reddin E. Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative practices and breast feeding duration in a cohort of first-time mothers in Adelaide, Australia. Midwifery 2008; 24(1), pp.55-61.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMerten S, Dratva J, Ackermann-Liebrich U. Do baby-friendly hospitals influence breastfeeding duration on a national level?. Pediatrics 2005; 116(5), e702-e708.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Breastfeeding, 10 Steps of Successful Breastfeeding, maternity practices, Breastfeeding, exclusivity","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4131690/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4131690/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEven though the beneficial effect of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative\u0026rsquo;s (BFHI) 10 Steps on breastfeeding initiation, continuation and exclusivity is well established, implementation in maternity care services remains suboptimal.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo assess the implementation of the \u0026ldquo;10 Steps for Successful Breastfeeding\u0026rdquo; and explore associations with any Breastfeeding (BF) and Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) initiation and continuation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplementation of the 10 Steps was assessed on the basis of a consecutive sample of 568 mothers\u0026rsquo; self-reported experience across all public (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5) and 29 (of 35) private maternity clinics using the WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative questionnaire (Section 4) within the first 24\u0026ndash;48 hours after birth. BF and EBF were estimated within 48 hours after birth as well as at 1st, 4th and 6th month based on a self-reported current status method. Associations with initiation and continuation of any (BF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to the 6th month were explored in logistic regression after adjusting for potential confounders, including maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. Associations were explored with individual steps as well as the overall experience, operationalized as the sum score of full, partial or no implementation of each self-assessment questionnaire item, with the exclusion of Step 6 (exclusivity).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt mean score 6.2 (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.7), the overall 10 steps experience, was low (theoretical range 0\u0026ndash;14), even among those who breastfed exclusively (M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.7, SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.0). EBF and BF initiation and continuation showed a stepwise association with self-reported experience of the 10 steps. Across quartiles of increasing scores within 48 hours after birth, the prevalence of EBF was 7.5%, 14.4%, 19.0% and 34.2%. Mothers who experienced full or partial implementation of Step 4 (timely initiation with skin-to-skin) were more likely to initiate and continue BF and EBF up to the 4th month, while use of pacifiers was more likely to have an adverse effect on breastfeeding continuation and exclusivity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Baby Friendly hospital\u0026rsquo;s \u0026ldquo;10 Steps\u0026rdquo; are associated with BF initiation while certain practices seem to be more strongly associated with exclusivity and continuation of breastfeeding up to the sixth month While breastfeed intention may determine the actual experience of the 10 steps, this also suggests that maternity care practices can have a supportive role for mothers to succeed their intentions to BF and EBF. Certain practices appeared suboptimal across maternity clinics in Cyprus.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Associations between breastfeeding and self-reported experience of the ‘10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding’: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of maternity clinic practices in Cyprus","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-03 19:59:38","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4131690/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ceb8cc56-87ca-42a8-8691-ad0ab8484b1c","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 3rd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-04-03T19:59:40+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-03 19:59:38","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4131690","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4131690","identity":"rs-4131690","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}