Determination of design seismic actions for buildings according to the second generation of Eurocode 8: How can these actions be estimated for tall buildings? | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Determination of design seismic actions for buildings according to the second generation of Eurocode 8: How can these actions be estimated for tall buildings? Mehmed Čaušević, Mladen Bulić This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7861689/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The aim of the analysis and comments presented in this paper is to shed light on some doubts regarding the application of the second generation of Eurocode EN 1998-1-1 in the segment for determining the seismic action on buildings. One of the most important parts of the EN1998-1-1 standard refers to the determination of seismic load for buildings using spectra. Here, these spectra of the second generation are presented and discussed, and how they should be defined in the National Annex by each EU member state, especially those in the Mediterranean, to meet the needs of extreme actions due to earthquakes. For comparison, the seismic action on buildings obtained by applying the European standards currently in force is taken. If the value of the new spectrum S β,475 for the period T=1s is determined in a probabilistic way, as presented in EN 1998-1-1, it would not correspond to the level of seismic load that we have applied thus far. This paper provides recommendations on how this problem can be avoided because the second-generation Eurocode 8 offers, in addition to the use of spectra, another way of determining the seismic load for buildings. Presentation in this paper is based on the fact that the intensity of the seismic load that we have obtained by applying the currently valid spectra of the first generation has been relatively well affected, which is reflected in a kind of verification of the behaviour of newer buildings in recent earthquakes in the EU. Second generation of Eurocode 8 Seismic load Earthquake spectrum Uniform hazard spectrum Limit states Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7861689","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":533032140,"identity":"49fe902d-c62e-406c-8a77-0a5f232d2e50","order_by":0,"name":"Mehmed Čaušević","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Rijeka Faculty of Civil Engineering: Sveuciliste u Rijeci Gradevinski fakultet","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mehmed","middleName":"","lastName":"Čaušević","suffix":""},{"id":533032141,"identity":"8ef1a196-dde3-4003-9fe3-8982c9832780","order_by":1,"name":"Mladen Bulić","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA20lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQbGAwkMNiCmAUMCkGRjYGxgJqCFAagljVQtDAyHIVpgAK8W3dk9Bgce1Jy3295+eNuHBwyH8/ikDzcwF+7BrcXszhmDAwnHbifPOZNWPCOB4XAxG19iA/OMZ3i03MgxOJDYcDtZgiHHGOiXw4ltPEC/8BwgqOVcsgT/G9K0HLCTkCDaljvHCoB+SU6QkHhWzJBgkA7WchivltvNGx/+qLGzl+BP3sz4o8I6cX4P+8PH+LTAQGIDmIJGDREaGBjsiVE0CkbBKBgFIxQAAAiMUyFfmP55AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-1061","institution":"University of Rijeka Faculty of Civil Engineering: Sveuciliste u Rijeci Gradevinski fakultet","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mladen","middleName":"","lastName":"Bulić","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-10-14 19:56:49","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7861689/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7861689/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":95105508,"identity":"067f92d4-148e-4ef0-951f-bf0abd711ee0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 10:48:50","extension":"xml","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":7128,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"beeeBEEED2500974.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/5c7f66aa952c5c47677a4016.xml"},{"id":95105509,"identity":"68bea1a7-e8c5-404e-a7b4-f04d2fc6ac94","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 10:48:50","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":941,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BEEED250097420329.go.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/01a6a883f0d1db7007567057.xml"},{"id":95105510,"identity":"0f1ca794-e8a1-49b7-80da-89faea069678","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 10:48:50","extension":"xml","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":866,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BEEED2500974Import.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/2e705a1ef4a5af3b44a342ac.xml"},{"id":95105511,"identity":"5c8af316-7924-4ed3-99b9-3146e007f9a6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 10:48:50","extension":"xml","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":45706,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BEEED25009740enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/46c75fbbeeb9f306fa994b62.xml"},{"id":95224826,"identity":"6049b274-df93-47b8-97bd-4a8fb3f0b0b7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:24:20","extension":"eps","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":995,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage1.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/63cfce1fd6605238e1ea66e3.eps"},{"id":95224684,"identity":"7ed1a3ab-5725-4162-985b-e2206cb8088e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:24:10","extension":"jpeg","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":336713,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/44f9d82b3bb01b13fde24183.jpeg"},{"id":95223872,"identity":"6510f738-5c95-4d06-b4f1-956f515ee5b1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:22:59","extension":"wmf","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":72520,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/cd7498a248d815c44fb718c4.wmf"},{"id":95224419,"identity":"35aaa2d2-503c-4bfb-8135-1a9750af1d23","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:23:44","extension":"jpeg","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":395380,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/b0e496a4ab43425c27edf8c2.jpeg"},{"id":95224433,"identity":"537c98df-9a21-4420-83d0-f5921c492a96","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:23:45","extension":"jpeg","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":159652,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/e698601315c0d04b114c28ab.jpeg"},{"id":95105517,"identity":"9e5b7bf6-1575-4d85-8388-db2fa584924d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 10:48:50","extension":"jpeg","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":252285,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/47d6c5dc7816690e8ab3a061.jpeg"},{"id":95224123,"identity":"3235230b-43bb-4332-a917-92a0398f5dca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:23:22","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2183817,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/a1bcfb60fd16e730d59eb098.png"},{"id":95105523,"identity":"c7fb890c-1003-4e9f-b625-4ce5041834c8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 10:48:50","extension":"wmf","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":72520,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/d4f5e109abb2f06b59f240e8.wmf"},{"id":95105516,"identity":"31eb4344-be63-48f5-9276-99c89d95ca46","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 10:48:50","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":58714,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/7cf17870ab6b998dd5a6029e.png"},{"id":95105512,"identity":"932db580-8215-4107-b93d-246b633357b0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 10:48:50","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":43002,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/d1936fa5a0880c076bbf702c.png"},{"id":95105520,"identity":"725cf3ee-827c-422f-9a3e-516dcc048c55","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 10:48:50","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":116424,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/fc4da3d9c81f73df98a88430.png"},{"id":95224866,"identity":"6b132eb9-13ea-440f-b8c3-34a3a74dd8dc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:24:25","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":31619,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/a262bd82c4d68417290042b3.png"},{"id":95105526,"identity":"71fbd03d-6f77-45da-87ed-2bc67da38b08","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 10:48:50","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":38960,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/676ea561b8497f5eec89c862.png"},{"id":95105528,"identity":"b48d39be-505e-453f-8c18-3a553d1741a7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 10:48:50","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":188701,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/7c0601ed5df2cb1f3ebe0a32.png"},{"id":95225316,"identity":"0a72fe60-9312-4a16-ab94-eddd46a5258f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:24:52","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":43002,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/48dfa4d883a4256491f0a84d.png"},{"id":95105525,"identity":"f17df31c-f731-4be3-8769-63b402db02b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 10:48:50","extension":"xml","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":45063,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BEEED25009740structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/04ee83a2de1fa954cd1d2feb.xml"},{"id":95105527,"identity":"8802cdbc-0d90-48df-9aa1-207a6bbb9569","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 10:48:50","extension":"html","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":54502,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1/0f9a8f8316a97c9e717eed88.html"},{"id":98420828,"identity":"de7a94f0-df08-496c-86ca-4e5b516dee69","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-17 16:12:20","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":788367,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptCausevicBulic.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7861689/v1_covered_16e77f89-a45b-4c0a-be80-4ac772860c62.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Determination of design seismic actions for buildings according to the second generation of Eurocode 8: How can these actions be estimated for tall buildings?","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Second generation of Eurocode 8, Seismic load, Earthquake spectrum, Uniform hazard spectrum, Limit states","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7861689/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7861689/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe aim of the analysis and comments presented in this paper is to shed light on some doubts regarding the application of the second generation of Eurocode EN 1998-1-1 in the segment for determining the seismic action on buildings.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the most important parts of the EN1998-1-1 standard refers to the determination of seismic load for buildings using spectra. Here, these spectra of the second generation are presented and discussed, and how they should be defined in the National Annex by each EU member state, especially those in the Mediterranean, to meet the needs of extreme actions due to earthquakes. For comparison, the seismic action on buildings obtained by applying the European standards currently in force is taken.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf the value of the new spectrum \u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eβ,475\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e for the period T=1s is determined in a probabilistic way, as presented in EN 1998-1-1, it would not correspond to the level of seismic load that we have applied thus far. This paper provides recommendations on how this problem can be avoided because the second-generation Eurocode 8 offers, in addition to the use of spectra, another way of determining the seismic load for buildings. Presentation in this paper is based on the fact that the intensity of the seismic load that we have obtained by applying the currently valid spectra of the first generation has been relatively well affected, which is reflected in a kind of verification of the behaviour of newer buildings in recent earthquakes in the EU.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Determination of design seismic actions for buildings according to the second generation of Eurocode 8: How can these actions be estimated for tall buildings?","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-04 10:48:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7861689/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bda4dc61-52dc-4e8d-b306-edda5c2507f5","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 4th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-09T20:44:01+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-04 10:48:45","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7861689","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7861689","identity":"rs-7861689","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}
Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below.
Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure
cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can
have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy
(via DOI)
is the canonical version.