Democratic Hypocrisy and Out-group Threat: Explaining Citizen Support for Democratic Erosion

AbstractWith widespread democratic backsliding globally, people's support for democracy-eroding leaders is receiving overdue attention. But existing studies have a difficulty disentangling contextual effects (such as who is in power at the time of the survey) from individual differences (like which party one supports and how strongly). Moreover, we lack evidence on the causal antecedents of these attitudes. We propose a novel survey experimental design to strip away the political context through hypothetical scenarios, allowing allow us to identify citizens' differential support for democratic norms when their own party is vs out of power. Our findings indicate a large degree of democratic hypocrisy among the American public: individual support for norm-eroding policies increases when their citizens' own party is in power, an effect further amplifed bystrong expressive partisanship and threat perceived from the opposing party.