o Background Since Tilly’s group first reported the existence of pro-

Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleAdvancing female age is closely associated with a de-crease in the number and quality of ovulated oocytes. Various methods including the activation of ovarian angiogenesis have been attempted to improve oocyte quality in the aged female [1-4]. However, it remains a challenging problem in the treatment of infertility. liferative germline stem cells that sustain oocyte and fol-licle production in the postnatal mouse ovary [5], many studies have subsequently demonstrated that putative ovarian stem cells (OSCs) can be successfully isolated from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) of the neo-natal and adult mammalian ovary, including mice and human [6-8]. This concept has challenged the traditional central dogma of mammalian reproductive biology that female are born with a finite and non-renewable pool