Investigation of the Magnetization Mechanism and Optimal Axial Length of Ring-Type Permanent Magnet Magnetizers Based on Coupled Demagnetization Effects

Investigation of the Magnetization Mechanism and Optimal Axial Length of Ring-Type Permanent Magnet Magnetizers Based on Coupled Demagnetization Effects | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Investigation of the Magnetization Mechanism and Optimal Axial Length of Ring-Type Permanent Magnet Magnetizers Based on Coupled Demagnetization Effects Xiaoyuan Jiang, Bohan Jia, Eryi Hu, Yanhua Sun This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6937006/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Open-loop permanent magnet magnetizers are widely employed in magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing of steel wire ropes due to their structural simplicity and operational convenience. However, the underlying magnetization mechanism remains inadequately understood, and systematic investigations into their optimal structural configurations are still lacking. In this study, a combined approach of finite element simulation and experimental validation is utilized to systematically examine the influence of axial length on the magnetization performance of ring-type permanent magnet magnetizers for steel wire ropes modeled as equivalent steel tubes. The results reveal a nonlinear relationship between axial length and the peak axial magnetic flux density in air: the intensity initially increases and then decreases with length. In contrast, both the magnetic field uniformity and the effective magnetization region improve monotonically with increasing length. These two mechanisms jointly modulate the internal magnetization state of the tube, giving rise to an optimal axial length. Further analysis confirms that for a steel wire rope with a diameter of 50 mm (or its equivalent tube), the optimal axial length range of the open-ring magnetizer lies between 95 mm and 110 mm, within which an optimal balance between field strength. Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) Finite-element method (FEM) Permanent magnet Magnetizer magnetization Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 29 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 29 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 02 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Jun, 2025 First submitted to journal 20 Jun, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6937006","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":512960716,"identity":"8e08d3e8-6276-4296-839f-ed4101cba313","order_by":0,"name":"Xiaoyuan Jiang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaoyuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Jiang","suffix":""},{"id":512960718,"identity":"5caadae8-b1dc-4c7b-8db0-70a467ee1d8c","order_by":1,"name":"Bohan Jia","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bohan","middleName":"","lastName":"Jia","suffix":""},{"id":512960719,"identity":"d87d1f67-8d55-41e6-8ea4-22b1acba0ddb","order_by":2,"name":"Eryi Hu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eryi","middleName":"","lastName":"Hu","suffix":""},{"id":512960720,"identity":"676c9d0d-f3ac-4acc-a044-ace2c9e04762","order_by":3,"name":"Yanhua Sun","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCRBRcQDC4SFeyxmgFjaStDC2kaLF4Hb7M+nCeXcS589vYHzwto1B3pygljtnzKRnbnuWuOEYA7Ph3DYGw50NhLTcyGGT5t12OHEDGwOQ0caQYHCAoJb0Z9K8cw4nzm9jYP9NpJYEM2nehsOJDccY2JiJ0iJ5I8fYmufYYeMNxxKbJeeckzDcQEgL3430h7d5ag7Lzm8+fPDDmzIbeYK2KCAUMDYwQGMWP5BvIKxmFIyCUTAKRjoAAHHgQc/cKSb8AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yanhua","middleName":"","lastName":"Sun","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-20 08:38:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6937006/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6937006/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01298-3","type":"published","date":"2025-12-01T15:58:18+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":97724233,"identity":"754baa1b-ba3c-44c3-aa11-71acacf84d11","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 16:12:16","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2297816,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptJNondestrEval.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6937006/v1_covered_38147cf8-77bc-4ce9-8026-c06577e43f4c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Investigation of the Magnetization Mechanism and Optimal Axial Length of Ring-Type Permanent Magnet Magnetizers Based on Coupled Demagnetization Effects","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-nondestructive-evaluation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jone","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation](http://link.springer.com/journal/10921)","snPcode":"10921","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10921/3","title":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Magnetic flux leakage (MFL), Finite-element method (FEM), Permanent magnet, Magnetizer, magnetization","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6937006/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6937006/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eOpen-loop permanent magnet magnetizers are widely employed in magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing of steel wire ropes due to their structural simplicity and operational convenience. However, the underlying magnetization mechanism remains inadequately understood, and systematic investigations into their optimal structural configurations are still lacking. In this study, a combined approach of finite element simulation and experimental validation is utilized to systematically examine the influence of axial length on the magnetization performance of ring-type permanent magnet magnetizers for steel wire ropes modeled as equivalent steel tubes. The results reveal a nonlinear relationship between axial length and the peak axial magnetic flux density in air: the intensity initially increases and then decreases with length. In contrast, both the magnetic field uniformity and the effective magnetization region improve monotonically with increasing length. These two mechanisms jointly modulate the internal magnetization state of the tube, giving rise to an optimal axial length. Further analysis confirms that for a steel wire rope with a diameter of 50 mm (or its equivalent tube), the optimal axial length range of the open-ring magnetizer lies between 95 mm and 110 mm, within which an optimal balance between field strength.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Investigation of the Magnetization Mechanism and Optimal Axial Length of Ring-Type Permanent Magnet Magnetizers Based on Coupled Demagnetization Effects","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-11 14:15:08","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6937006/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-09-29T13:42:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-29T08:07:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-23T18:35:35+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-18T05:34:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"133835967400048009065347611176345622359","date":"2025-09-12T07:03:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"179149859118435464024624745902877418064","date":"2025-09-09T18:20:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"199009663026975694315977027407362728211","date":"2025-09-05T09:15:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-05T09:10:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-02T20:10:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-06-23T12:14:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","date":"2025-06-20T08:28:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-nondestructive-evaluation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jone","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation](http://link.springer.com/journal/10921)","snPcode":"10921","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10921/3","title":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a5bfd93f-6de5-4536-bda5-2dd542ce4e83","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-08T16:07:47+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6937006","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01298-3","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-nondestructive-evaluation","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation"},"publishedOn":"2025-12-01 15:58:18","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 1st, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-11 14:15:08","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01298-3","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01298-3","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6937006","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6937006","identity":"rs-6937006","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}