Comparison of Transient Spray Characteristics of N-dodecane and OME 3 Using Large Eddy Simulation

Comparison of Transient Spray Characteristics of N-dodecane and OME 3 Using Large Eddy Simulation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Comparison of Transient Spray Characteristics of N-dodecane and OME 3 Using Large Eddy Simulation Moaz Al-lehaibi, Brahim Menacer This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4242412/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract There have been continuing efforts in the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) community to understand the detailed spray characteristics by investigating several standard diesel injectors. With the increasing interest in the use of alternative and renewable fuels, the present study conducted large eddy simulations with dynamic structure subgrid closure in the Eulerian volume-of-fluid (VOF) framework to identify the characteristics of oxymethylene ethers (OME), which has distinct physical and chemical properties leading to low soot emissions. In particular, the spray features of n-dodecane and OME 3 were compared and analyzed in terms of their transient dynamics following the nozzle opening. ECN Spray A, C, and D were considered to assess the effects of nozzle convergence factor and nozzle diameter. The measured nozzle geometries by the Argonne National Laboratory were adopted to mimic the internal flow development. Due to the higher density of OME 3 , it generates a higher projected density, but a lower injection velocity is obtained. This behavior is attributed to its higher mass inertia. The diverging Spray C injector induces a significantly lower projected density and mass flow rate than the converging Spray D injector owing to cavitation just after the sharp nozzle inlet corner. By comparison, the Spray A injector generates the lowest projected density and mass flow rate for its smallest nozzle diameter. Various fuels demonstrate similar flow fields, evidenced by the significantly similar pressure distribution. The OME 3 cases lead to a slightly higher temperature distribution within the nozzle channel, which is attributed to the lower turbulent kinetic energy and thus the slower heat transfer process. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4242412","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":289945760,"identity":"d08e82b2-5702-461d-b880-d151fc8a27f0","order_by":0,"name":"Moaz Al-lehaibi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Umm Al-Qura University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Moaz","middleName":"","lastName":"Al-lehaibi","suffix":""},{"id":289945761,"identity":"655bdcc8-e387-4d40-992c-d9f2db36d103","order_by":1,"name":"Brahim Menacer","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1ElEQVRIie3OMQuCQBTA8SeCLReuF4R+BUWIPo6H4HS2tIYEgm21HvQlgsBZEHTxAxzUEPUFCqExOp2avBsb7r883vDjPQCd7p+z8TDwHMxSkcwYGFtBEFihIvH4QEBO7F1VPw2aroJL1tz5ZinI9DZKcBtHzCiq9eJak4zW/WMTb/wMRwEYRUkKTv2MWoK4+bhwud0JkpIz68mnv2KNE48jUxCTnLAgSa5A/DYOgBQVYTwmx2SPkSUjTlM94CUeO7Co7Og7dWwZGQp/FxWg0+l0Oklf2/g9zswNS+MAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Ecole Supérieure en Génie Electrique et Energétique ESGEE Oran","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Brahim","middleName":"","lastName":"Menacer","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-09 13:53:45","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4242412/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4242412/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":57853856,"identity":"aa55238d-035b-4e93-b0f7-70271f4c9441","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-06 12:37:48","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":971492,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"1OMESpraystudyMoazAllehaibi.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4242412/v1_covered_908e3021-991c-4390-bb00-a47452283365.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Comparison of Transient Spray Characteristics of N-dodecane and OME 3 Using Large Eddy Simulation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4242412/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4242412/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThere have been continuing efforts in the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) community to understand the detailed spray characteristics by investigating several standard diesel injectors. With the increasing interest in the use of alternative and renewable fuels, the present study conducted large eddy simulations with dynamic structure subgrid closure in the Eulerian volume-of-fluid (VOF) framework to identify the characteristics of oxymethylene ethers (OME), which has distinct physical and chemical properties leading to low soot emissions. In particular, the spray features of n-dodecane and OME\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e were compared and analyzed in terms of their transient dynamics following the nozzle opening. ECN Spray A, C, and D were considered to assess the effects of nozzle convergence factor and nozzle diameter. The measured nozzle geometries by the Argonne National Laboratory were adopted to mimic the internal flow development. Due to the higher density of OME\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e, it generates a higher projected density, but a lower injection velocity is obtained. This behavior is attributed to its higher mass inertia. 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