Study The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Oxidative Stress of Rabbits Blood Samples Dosed with AL Nps, BCG Vaccine, and Polio Vaccine

Study The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Oxidative Stress of Rabbits Blood Samples Dosed with AL Nps, BCG Vaccine, and Polio Vaccine | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Study The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Oxidative Stress of Rabbits Blood Samples Dosed with AL Nps, BCG Vaccine, and Polio Vaccine mohammed younis, Muhammed Mizher Radhi, Asmaa Abdulsattar Obaid This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9279556/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Important findings were found in this study about vaccines in general and their oxidative effects on rabbits because the companies that make them add substances that, when taken, cause serious symptoms. This is what we observed in the vaccines used to combat the coronavirus pandemic. Analyses of blood samples from rabbits exposed to several vaccines (BCG and polio) and to Alum nanoparticles (AL NPs), one of the vaccine components, were conducted using a cyclic voltammetric approach in electrochemistry. The appearance of oxidation peaks was observed in each of the blood samples of rabbits exposed to AL NPs, as well as the vaccines. The blood samples were treated with ascorbic acid (AA), which gave successful results by inhibiting the oxidation peaks and reducing them from the blood, Therefore the use of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant agent, which considered as a response to its interferences with different vaccines in the blood medium. Oxidative stress induction by ALNPs and vaccine was indicated by significantly (P < 0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. These changes were lowered to approximately normal level when after using vitamin C combination during these oxidative stresses. Thus, advice can be given to use ascorbic acid with all vaccines in order to avoid the risks resulting from the different vaccines. AL NPs BCG vaccine Polio vaccine Rabbit's blood Cyclic Voltammetry Ascorbic acid Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 1. Introduction The impact of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant reagent on various medications, particularly vaccines, has been established by several investigations [ 1 – 5 ]. The study involved vaccinating calves with an inactivated Histophilus somni vaccine, followed by blood samples and vitamin C supplementation for calves, which decreases oxidative stress and boosts antibody production [ 6 ]. The most effective method of preventing and lessening the harm that infectious diseases can do to both humans and animals is vaccination. . Therefore, many vaccines are used for preventive purposes before infection with the pathogen, while therapeutic vaccines strengthen the immune system after infection with the pathogen. We collected and reviewed different types of nano-adjuvants with their specific roles in immunogenicity as a prominent strategy used in veterinary vaccines in the study [ 7 ]. The study investigated the capacity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ascorbic acid (AA) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to replace formaldehyde (HCHO) in the inactivation of sabin poliovirus strains for the production of a conventional inactivated polio vaccine. The Sabin poliovirus vaccine strains were separately treated with AA, EGCG, or H2O2 and compared with HCHO. It was investigated by determining the kinetics of inactivation on HEP2C cells, testing D antigen preservation by ELISA and immune response in Wistar mice to four vaccine preparations. H2O2, AA and EGCG could inactivate polioviruses within 24 hours while HCHO required 96 hours for complete inactivation. Higher levels of D antigen were observed with AA, EGCG and H2O2 than with HCHO. The serum of mice tested for neutralizing antibodies gave similar results. These results would support the concept that these agents could serve as safe and time-saving alternatives to HCHO for sIPV production [ 8 ]. Vitamin C is the water-soluble antioxidant that reacts with peroxyl radcials formed in the cytoplasm before they reach the membrane (khoja and Mazouki, 1994); the results were confirmed the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid against the destructive effects of lead on vascular endothelial cells. Hence, it can be proposed as a potential preventive therapy to improve lead toxicity, prevent atherosclerosis, and improve endothelial cell vulnerability [ 9 ]. In this study different vaccine especially BCG, polio, and AL NPs at different concentration were studied in blood of rabbit’s samples and treated with AA to find the oxidative effect by electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetric technique. 2. Experimental Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials BCG, Diphtheria Tetanus pertussis, Type B conjugate vaccine from Shameerpet (India), Alum KAL(SO4)2.12H2O from a Chinese company, inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine from Bilthoven Biologicals (India), Medchal-Malkajgiri District, Telangana state, India, Ascorbic acid (AA) from technicon chemicals Co. (Oreq. Tournai Belgique), double distilled water, the Blood samples were taken from the heart of rabbits that had been treated with various vaccines and different doses of AL NPs. 2.2 Preparation and Characterization of AL NPs Alum (KAL(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O) micro particles was converted to nanoparticles by lyophilization method using lyophilizer apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 ., then studied the characterization by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to ensure the nanoparticles dimension as shown in Fig. 2, 3 , and 4 respectively, which has the AL NPs about 75.15 nm the dimension [ 10 , 11 ]. Moreover, the spherical shape of AL nanoparticles was confirmed by AFM and TEM analyses as illustrated in Fig. 3 . 2.3 Cyclic voltammetric technique Cyclic volumetric apparatus was used in this study received from NuVant Systems Inc. USA). The potentiostat was connected with three electrodes in a 15 mL quartz cell, the working electrode (GCE glassy carbon electrode), the reference electrode (Ag/AgCl electrode), and the counter electrode (platinum wire) as shown in Fig. 5 . the voltametric cell was connected with potential state and with personal computer to show the results by voltamogram as in Fig. 6. [ 12 , 13 ]. 2.4 Preparation of Rabbits to Examination The study was included two experiments, and continued for four weeks, the groups of rabbits were selected type Balbo (white color) of healthy male rabbits had an average weight (2–3) kg, and five months years old. The first experimental animals divided into five groups, (each of six rabbits) first group control were injected with physiological saline 0.2ml (I.M), and four groups each other groups of rabbits were examined by injected with 0.2M and 0.5M of AL NPs, poliomyelitis vaccine, and BCG vaccine [ 14 , 15 ] The second experiment includes the same five groups classification with addition of vitamin C supplementation 500mg orally in combination with ALNPS and vaccine injection and for four weeks also. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Ascorbic Acid on AL NPs in Rabbit's Blood Samples In order to study the oxidative and antioxidative effects of ascorbic acid (AA) on AL NPs in blood medium through cyclic voltammetry, different doses of AA were added to rabbit blood samples injected with different concentrations of AL NPs (0.2 and 0.5M) over a period of four weeks. Table 1 showed the oxidation peak current of 0.2 and 0.5M of AL NPs in blood media. The results showed that adding AA to the mixture for four weeks hindered the oxidation peak current of AL NPs. Figure 7 explains the different values of oxidation current peak (ΔIpa) of AL NPs at 0.2 and 0.5M decreased against to the four weeks. So, AA acts as a good anti-oxidative reagent against to the reaction of AL NPs in blood medium. Figure 8 and 9 illustrated the cyclic voltammogram of each week injected with 0.2M and 0.5M of AL NPs (before and after added AA) respectively, which graduated decreasing and inhibited the risk effect of the oxidation AL NPs in blood medium [ 16 ]. Table 1 Ascorbic acid effect on the oxidative stress (Ipa) for different doses of ALNPs (0.2 and 0.5M) in rabbits blood samples. Ipa, µA without AA Ipa, µAwith AA Δ Ipa Dose week sample conce. 75 71 4 1st 0.5 95 90 5 1st 0.2 67 65 2 2nd 0.5 88 83 5 2nd 0.2 84 77 7 3ed 0.5 80 73 7 3ed 0.2 77 66 11 4th 0.5 89 69 10 4th 0.2 3.2 Effect of Ascorbic Acid on BCG Vaccine in Rabbit's Blood Samples In the other part of the study is the effect of AA on different vaccines doses to the rabbits through four weeks to investigate what happened to the oxidation peaks in blood medium, one of the choosing vaccine is BCG, the results of the study was illustrated in Table 2 , it was found in the first week the inhibition of the oxidative stress (Δ Ipa) of BCG vaccine has a high value and gradually decreasing through the other three weeks as shown in Fig. 10 . Figure 11 shows the cyclic voltammogram of each oxidation current peak of BCG vaccine in blood through four weeks without and with AA, that found the electrochemical behavior of the inhibition of oxidation peak by AA [ 17 ]. Table 2 Ascorbic acid effect on the oxidative stress (Ipa) for polio and BCG vaccine in rabbits blood samples. Ipa, µA without AA Ipa, µA with AA Δ Ipa week dose sample of vaccine 172 72 100 1st BCG 85 75 10 1st Polio 108 75 33 2nd BCG 95 67 28 2nd Polio 67 62 5 3ed BCG 70 60 10 3ed Polio 96 84 12 4th BCG 99 91 8 4th Polio The other vaccine that used in the study is polio vaccine, the results were illustrated in Table 2 to find in the four weeks the inhibition of the oxidative stress (Δ Ipa) of polio vaccine by AA has gradually decreasing the oxidative stress as shown in Fig. 10 . Figure 12 shows the cyclic voltammogram of each oxidation current peak of polio vaccine in blood through four weeks without and with AA, which found the electrochemical behavior of the inhibition of oxidation peak [ 8 ]. Table 3 Effect of ascorbic acid with ALNPs on SOD. SOD. / weeks Control u/ml ALNPs low u/ml ALNPs + Vit. c u/ml ALNPs high u/ml ALNPs +Vit. c u/ml 1 8.90 ± 1.2 9.0 ± 2.1 8.8 ± 1.0 10.1 ± 2.2 8.5 ± 1.7 2 8.65 ± 1.6 9.5 ± 2.6 9.0 ± 1.2 11.2 ± 2.0 8.9 ± 1.3 3 8.2 ± 1.5 9.9 ± 2.2 7.9 ± 1.5 10.5 ± 1.9 8.7 ± 1.2 4 8.1 ± 1.9 9.8 ± 1.9 8.5 ± 2.1 10.9 ± 1.2 8.0 ± 1.1 Table 4 Effect of ascorbic acid with vaccine on SOD. SOD./weeks Control Vaacin1 Vaacin1 + vit. c Vaccine 2 Vaccine 2 + Vit. c 1 8.90 ± 1.2 9.9 ± 2.0 7.9 ± 1.3 10.2 ± 2.3 7.1 ± 1.3 2 8.65 ± 1.6 9.1 ± 1.8 8.0 ± 1.9 10.0 ± 1.9 7.9 ± 2.2 3 8.2 ± 1.5 10.1 ± 2.1 8.5 ± 1.3 11.2 ± 2.2 8.0 ± 1.5 4 8.1 ± 1.9 11.1 ± 1.5 7.1 ± 2.3 11.5 ± 2.9 8.9 ± 1.4 Table 5 Effect of ascorbic acid with ALNPs on catalase enzy me. CAT.u/ml /weeks Control ALNPs ALNPs + vit c ALNP high ALNPs + vit c 1 6.90 ± 1.2 8.9 ± 1.1 6.1 ± 1.3 9.1 ± 2.2 5.5 ± 1.4 2 6.65 ± 1.6 8.5 ± 2.0 5.5 ± 1.9 9.4 ± 2.9 4.9 ± 1.9 3 6.2 ± 1.5 9.0 ± 1.9 6.3 ± 1.1 9.9 ± 2.0 6.0 ± 1.2 4 6.1 ± 1.9 12.1 ± 1.8 4.9 ± 2.0 10.1 ± 1.9 6.2 ± 1.1 Table 6 Effect of ascorbic acid with vaccine on catalase enzyme. CAT.u/ml /weeks Control Vaccine 1 Vaccine1 + vit c Vaccine 2 Vaccine2 + vit c 1 6.90 ± 1.2 11.9 ± 1.9 5.5 ± 1.0 8.8 ± 1.8 5.9 ± 1.3 2 6.65 ± 1.6 9.5 ± 1.4 6.0 ± 1.2 9.8 ± 2.1 6.5 ± 1.9 3 6.2 ± 1.5 10.1 ± 2.0 6.5 ± 1.9 10.1 ± 1.5 5.5 ± 2.0 4 6.1 ± 1.9 12.9 ± 2.1 7.0 ± 1.3 11.5 ± 2.3 6.0 ± 1.1 3.3 Effect of ascorbic acid on SOD and catalase enzyme with ALNP and vaccine These results showed in vivo effect of ALNPs and vaccine on SOD and catalase which shows that this material can cause oxidative stress and elevated levels of both these indices as shown in Table 3 and 5 , but when treated with ascorbic acid these elevations were lowered significantly to normal levels as indicated in Table 4 and 6 . 4. Conclusion Through the current study, the following conclusions can be obtained: 1. Each of AL NPs and BCG vaccine and polio vaccine were affected as oxidative agent on exposed blood of rabbits. 2. The oxidation peaks of rabbit’s blood were appeared in high values without using AA. But, the oxidation peaks were disappeared after using AA. 3. The AA used as anti-oxidative agent with AL NPs, BCG vaccine, and polio vaccine which reduce the risk of using the different vaccines. Declarations This is to certify that the project proposal number 6120/B titled EFFECT DIFFERENT VACCINE AND ALNPS ON THE LIVER AND KIDNEY OF RABBIT, submitted by Mohammed Abdul Hameed Younis, Muhammed Mizher Radhi, Bahaa Fakhri Hussein has been temporarily approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University in its meeting dated 20-feb. 2023 under the proposal for a duration of 6 months. Author Contribution the corresponding author (A) contribute in animal preparation and accomidation with data and sample collection, with all supporting and funding role, and the author B contribute in writing the article paragraph, while auuthor (C) contributes in statistical analysis of collected data Acknowledgement the authors aknowledgment for all staff in lab animals house and lab. staff of college of health and medical technique References Radhi, M.M., Albakry, A.A.A., Jassim, A.M., Alassady, S.A. and Al-Mulla, E.A.J., 2016. Electrochemical study of Pb (II) in present of each ascorbic acid, glucose, urea and uric acid using blood medium as an electrolyte. Nano Biomedicine and Engineering , 8 (1), pp.9-15. Radhi, M.M., Abdul-Amir, Y.K. and Khalaf, M.S., 2016. Electrochemical effect of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in present of each ascorbic acid (AA) and folic acid (FA) in normal saline and human blood samples. AASCIT Communications, 3(3), pp.152-159. Radhi, M.M., Al-Assady, S.A., Barakat, N.T., Mohammed, A.J. and Aziz, I.H., 2017. Electrochemical oxidation effect of each ascorbic acid and folic acid on lead ions in human blood. Int. J. Phar. Chem, 3(3), pp.33-40. Abdul-Amir, Y.K., Radhi, M.M. and Al-Mulla, E.A.J., 2017. Use of Nano-Sensors of the Interferences between Pb ((II) with Each of Mg (II), Zn (II), Mn (II), Ca (II), Co (II) and PO 4-3 in Blood Medium: An Electrochemical Study. Nano Biomedicine & Engineering, 9(3). Khalaf, M.S., Radhi, M.M. and Ali, Z.O., Impact viscosity of blood on the diffusion coefficient in the presence of ascorbic acid using cyclic voltammetry. Otomaru, K., Oishi, S., Fujimura, Y., Iwamoto, Y., Nagai, K. and Ijiri, M., 2021. Effects of vitamin C supplementation on the blood oxidative stress and antibody titre against Histophilus somni vaccination in calves. J. Vet. Res, 65(1), p.73. Nooraei, S., Sarkar Lotfabadi, A., Akbarzadehmoallemkolaei, M. and Rezaei, N., 2023. Immunogenicity of different types of adjuvants and nano-adjuvants in veterinary vaccines: a comprehensive review. Vaccines, 11(2), p.453. Abd-Elghaffar, A.A., Rashed, M.E., Ali, A.E. and Amin, M.A., 2020. In-Vitro inactivation of sabin-polioviruses for development of safe and effective polio vaccine. Vaccines, 8(4), p.601. Vahedi, P., Rajabzadeh, A. and Soleimani, A., 2022. An evaluation of the effects of ascorbic acid on the endothelium of coronary and aorta arteries in lead-intoxicated rabbits. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, p.20503121221105330. Kim BYS, Rutka JT, Chan WCW. Nanomedicine. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;363(25):2434–43. Pandey P, Dahiya M. A brief review on inorganic nanoparticles. J Crit Rev. 2016;3(3):18–26. Zwyea, S., Mohsin, A.A. and Radhi, M.M., 2020. Anti-oxidative effect of sulforaphane compound in blood medium using cyclic voltammetry. EurAsian Journal of Biosciences, 14(2). Kareem ZN, Radhi MM, Moosa AA. Cyclic Voltammetric Studies of Micro and Nano Paracetamol Using Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Graphene. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing; 2021. p. 12054. Jassim AS, Radhi M, Ali Z. Study Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Solution as an Alternative of Iodine Contrast Medium of CT-Scan Imaging of the Heart, Kidney, and Liver. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021;25(6):8793–803. Abd H, Radhi M. The Use of Manganese Nano-Molecular Solution as Alternative Contrast Media in CT-Scan Imaging. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021;25(6):7650–63. Çiçek S. Influences of l-ascorbic acid on cytotoxic, biochemical, and genotoxic damages caused by copper II oxide nanoparticles in the rainbow trout gonad cells-2. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology. 2023; 266:109559. World Health Organization Geneva. department of vaccines and biologicals. 2000. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9279556","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":618248507,"identity":"5bb1b3a6-b046-49f8-b07a-e706a2467220","order_by":0,"name":"mohammed younis","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Middle Technical University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"mohammed","middleName":"","lastName":"younis","suffix":""},{"id":618248508,"identity":"0906382b-061d-4e6e-9e7d-91eda3c4f156","order_by":1,"name":"Muhammed Mizher Radhi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Middle Technical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammed","middleName":"Mizher","lastName":"Radhi","suffix":""},{"id":618248510,"identity":"1de0a451-6a9b-4912-acc6-4993dffc85ac","order_by":2,"name":"Asmaa Abdulsattar Obaid","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Middle Technical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Asmaa","middleName":"Abdulsattar","lastName":"Obaid","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-31 12:09:00","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9279556/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9279556/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106335524,"identity":"ca1d874f-1d26-4838-a94f-6bb635652d82","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 14:42:33","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":146729,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLyophylization Instrument.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9279556/v1/588277d0d5e9ab35209b9f04.png"},{"id":106335525,"identity":"30be19b6-f0d4-4285-b717-ff39fe7af0a8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 14:42:33","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":136067,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFESEM of AL NPs.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9279556/v1/a855f13b257cd51fda2942f6.png"},{"id":106335549,"identity":"18c858c5-c64b-44d5-80f7-3e35a229fe58","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 14:42:45","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":151800,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAFM of AL NPs.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9279556/v1/7c668aff238480c0faa0b941.png"},{"id":106335550,"identity":"613c8400-e34f-4780-aa44-d8a1a77a1f39","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 14:42:45","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":204311,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTEM of AL NPs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9279556/v1/bfb4efa8cd12d4bf5e3f70ca.png"},{"id":106335564,"identity":"9daf6fa1-4bc5-4560-b1f9-3e9fd1376a56","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 14:42:53","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":20431,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCyclic voltammetric cell.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9279556/v1/973c715fa79756f3ce1289cf.png"},{"id":107480089,"identity":"4588c809-f5c8-44a0-92fe-e67c92d65841","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-22 02:04:42","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":331341,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCyclic voltammetry set up.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9279556/v1/6bc001199f9b54ee4a3125e3.png"},{"id":106335545,"identity":"9e8320f7-2e1a-4ad3-a03f-0d189be61262","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 14:42:41","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":28196,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRelationship between the oxidation current peaks of AL NPs at different concentrations (0.2 and 0.5M) against to the four weeks.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9279556/v1/0ba766ab6a3a6102b2e4b0ce.png"},{"id":106335526,"identity":"bdf525c1-98c0-444a-9d51-aa1282033017","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 14:42:34","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":181268,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCyclic voltammogram of 0.2M AL NPs in rabbit's blood media at four weeks (a) first, (b) second, (c) third, and (d) fourth week.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9279556/v1/182049e4d648cc85fc2e7fe4.png"},{"id":106335544,"identity":"d579611b-9da3-4786-b853-8b950850ac59","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 14:42:41","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":119218,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCyclic voltammogram of 0.5M AL NPs in rabbit's blood media at four weeks (a) first, (b) second, (c) third, and (d) fourth week.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9279556/v1/118f4acc9401cb114cec62bf.png"},{"id":106335542,"identity":"d35f91c1-7de6-4853-b984-932bcb13cec7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 14:42:40","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":17152,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRelationship between the oxidation current peaks of BCG vaccine against to the four weeks.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9279556/v1/9933099d4573780356596859.png"},{"id":106335527,"identity":"8420dd4e-1f30-44b6-8fd6-4d49ef024a28","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 14:42:34","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":90705,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCyclic voltammogram of BCG vaccine in rabbit's blood media at four weeks: (a) first, (b) second, (c) third, and (d) fourth week.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9279556/v1/3b0774f0242b329a71eef6fe.png"},{"id":106335528,"identity":"b8befcce-aef7-4195-b23a-5efa63995a0b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 14:42:34","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":118927,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCyclic voltammogram Polio vaccine in rabbit's blood media at four weeks: (a) first, (b) second, (c) third, and (d) fourth week.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9279556/v1/8edd3d859c1210d5809d677d.png"},{"id":107482098,"identity":"3a889ebb-9920-4a01-98f4-fb9b8ca457e3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-22 02:21:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1973295,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9279556/v1/d92f61a3-3d53-4196-9000-19ceda980d1e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Study The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Oxidative Stress of Rabbits Blood Samples Dosed with AL Nps, BCG Vaccine, and Polio Vaccine","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe impact of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant reagent on various medications, particularly vaccines, has been established by several investigations [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2 CR3 CR4\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study involved vaccinating calves with an inactivated Histophilus somni vaccine, followed by blood samples and vitamin C supplementation for calves, which decreases oxidative stress and boosts antibody production [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. The most effective method of preventing and lessening the harm that infectious diseases can do to both humans and animals is vaccination.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e. Therefore, many vaccines are used for preventive purposes before infection with the pathogen, while therapeutic vaccines strengthen the immune system after infection with the pathogen. We collected and reviewed different types of nano-adjuvants with their specific roles in immunogenicity as a prominent strategy used in veterinary vaccines in the study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study investigated the capacity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ascorbic acid (AA) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to replace formaldehyde (HCHO) in the inactivation of sabin poliovirus strains for the production of a conventional inactivated polio vaccine. The Sabin poliovirus vaccine strains were separately treated with AA, EGCG, or H2O2 and compared with HCHO. It was investigated by determining the kinetics of inactivation on HEP2C cells, testing D antigen preservation by ELISA and immune response in Wistar mice to four vaccine preparations. H2O2, AA and EGCG could inactivate polioviruses within 24 hours while HCHO required 96 hours for complete inactivation. Higher levels of D antigen were observed with AA, EGCG and H2O2 than with HCHO. The serum of mice tested for neutralizing antibodies gave similar results. These results would support the concept that these agents could serve as safe and time-saving alternatives to HCHO for sIPV production [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVitamin C is the water-soluble antioxidant that reacts with peroxyl radcials formed in the cytoplasm before they reach the membrane (khoja and Mazouki, 1994); the results were confirmed the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid against the destructive effects of lead on vascular endothelial cells. Hence, it can be proposed as a potential preventive therapy to improve lead toxicity, prevent atherosclerosis, and improve endothelial cell vulnerability [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study different vaccine especially BCG, polio, and AL NPs at different concentration were studied in blood of rabbit\u0026rsquo;s samples and treated with AA to find the oxidative effect by electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetric technique.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Experimental Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Materials\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBCG, Diphtheria Tetanus pertussis, Type B conjugate vaccine from Shameerpet (India), Alum KAL(SO4)2.12H2O from a Chinese company, inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine from Bilthoven Biologicals (India), Medchal-Malkajgiri District, Telangana state, India, Ascorbic acid (AA) from technicon chemicals Co. (Oreq.\u0026nbsp;Tournai Belgique), double distilled water, the Blood samples were taken from the heart of rabbits that had been treated with various vaccines and different doses of AL NPs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Preparation and Characterization of AL NPs\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlum (KAL(SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e.12H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO) micro particles was converted to nanoparticles by lyophilization method using lyophilizer apparatus as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e., then studied the characterization by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to ensure the nanoparticles dimension as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;2, \u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, and 4 respectively, which has the AL NPs about 75.15 nm the dimension [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, the spherical shape of AL nanoparticles was confirmed by AFM and TEM analyses as illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Cyclic voltammetric technique\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCyclic volumetric apparatus was used in this study received from NuVant Systems Inc. USA). The potentiostat was connected with three electrodes in a 15 mL quartz cell, the working electrode (GCE glassy carbon electrode), the reference electrode (Ag/AgCl electrode), and the counter electrode (platinum wire) as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e. the voltametric cell was connected with potential state and with personal computer to show the results by voltamogram as in Fig.\u0026nbsp;6. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Preparation of Rabbits to Examination\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study was included two experiments, and continued for four weeks, the groups of rabbits were selected type Balbo (white color) of healthy male rabbits had an average weight (2\u0026ndash;3) kg, and five months years old. The first experimental animals divided into five groups, (each of six rabbits) first group control were injected with physiological saline 0.2ml (I.M), and four groups each other groups of rabbits were examined by injected with 0.2M and 0.5M of AL NPs, poliomyelitis vaccine, and BCG vaccine [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e] The second experiment includes the same five groups classification with addition of vitamin C supplementation 500mg orally in combination with ALNPS and vaccine injection and for four weeks also.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Effect of Ascorbic Acid on AL NPs in Rabbit's Blood Samples\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn order to study the oxidative and antioxidative effects of ascorbic acid (AA) on AL NPs in blood medium through cyclic voltammetry, different doses of AA were added to rabbit blood samples injected with different concentrations of AL NPs (0.2 and 0.5M) over a period of four weeks. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e showed the oxidation peak current of 0.2 and 0.5M of AL NPs in blood media. The results showed that adding AA to the mixture for four weeks hindered the oxidation peak current of AL NPs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e explains the different values of oxidation current peak (ΔIpa) of AL NPs at 0.2 and 0.5M decreased against to the four weeks. So, AA acts as a good anti-oxidative reagent against to the reaction of AL NPs in blood medium. Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e illustrated the cyclic voltammogram of each week injected with 0.2M and 0.5M of AL NPs (before and after added AA) respectively, which graduated decreasing and inhibited the risk effect of the oxidation AL NPs in blood medium [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAscorbic acid effect on the oxidative stress (Ipa) for different doses of ALNPs (0.2 and 0.5M) in rabbits blood samples.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIpa, \u0026micro;A without AA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIpa, \u0026micro;Awith AA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eΔ Ipa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDose week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esample conce.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1st\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1st\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e67\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e65\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2nd\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e88\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e83\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2nd\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e84\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e77\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3ed\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e80\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e73\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3ed\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e77\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e66\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4th\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e89\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e69\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4th\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Effect of Ascorbic Acid on BCG Vaccine in Rabbit's Blood Samples\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the other part of the study is the effect of AA on different vaccines doses to the rabbits through four weeks to investigate what happened to the oxidation peaks in blood medium, one of the choosing vaccine is BCG, the results of the study was illustrated in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, it was found in the first week the inhibition of the oxidative stress (Δ Ipa) of BCG vaccine has a high value and gradually decreasing through the other three weeks as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e shows the cyclic voltammogram of each oxidation current peak of BCG vaccine in blood through four weeks without and with AA, that found the electrochemical behavior of the inhibition of oxidation peak by AA [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAscorbic acid effect on the oxidative stress (Ipa) for polio and BCG vaccine in rabbits blood samples.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIpa, \u0026micro;A without AA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIpa, \u0026micro;A with AA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eΔ Ipa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eweek dose\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esample of vaccine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e172\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1st\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBCG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1st\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2nd\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBCG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2nd\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3ed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBCG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3ed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4th\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBCG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4th\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe other vaccine that used in the study is polio vaccine, the results were illustrated in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e to find in the four weeks the inhibition of the oxidative stress (Δ Ipa) of polio vaccine by AA has gradually decreasing the oxidative stress as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e shows the cyclic voltammogram of each oxidation current peak of polio vaccine in blood through four weeks without and with AA, which found the electrochemical behavior of the inhibition of oxidation peak [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of ascorbic acid with ALNPs on SOD.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSOD. /\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eweeks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl u/ml\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eALNPs low u/ml\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eALNPs\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Vit. c u/ml\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eALNPs high u/ml\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eALNPs\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e+Vit. c u/ml\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of ascorbic acid with vaccine on SOD.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSOD./weeks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaacin1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaacin1\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;vit. c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine 2\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Vit. c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of ascorbic acid with ALNPs on catalase enzy me.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCAT.u/ml /weeks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eALNPs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eALNPs\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;vit c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eALNP high\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eALNPs\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;vit c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.8\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of ascorbic acid with vaccine on catalase enzyme.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCAT.u/ml /weeks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine1\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;vit c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine2\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;vit c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Effect of ascorbic acid on SOD and catalase enzyme with ALNP and vaccine\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese results showed in vivo effect of ALNPs and vaccine on SOD and catalase which shows that this material can cause oxidative stress and elevated levels of both these indices as shown in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, but when treated with ascorbic acid these elevations were lowered significantly to normal levels as indicated in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThrough the current study, the following conclusions can be obtained:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Each of AL NPs and BCG vaccine and polio vaccine were affected as oxidative agent on exposed blood of rabbits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. The oxidation peaks of rabbit\u0026rsquo;s blood were appeared in high values without using AA. But, the oxidation peaks were disappeared after using AA.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. The AA used as anti-oxidative agent with AL NPs, BCG vaccine, and polio vaccine which reduce the risk of using the different vaccines.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis is to certify that the project proposal number 6120/B titled EFFECT DIFFERENT VACCINE AND ALNPS ON THE LIVER AND KIDNEY OF RABBIT, submitted by Mohammed Abdul Hameed Younis, Muhammed Mizher Radhi, Bahaa Fakhri Hussein has been temporarily approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University in its meeting dated 20-feb. 2023 under the proposal for a duration of 6 months.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe corresponding author (A) contribute in animal preparation and accomidation with data and sample collection, with all supporting and funding role, and the author B contribute in writing the article paragraph, while auuthor (C) contributes in statistical analysis of collected data\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe authors aknowledgment for all staff in lab animals house and lab. staff of college of health and medical technique\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRadhi, M.M., Albakry, A.A.A., Jassim, A.M., Alassady, S.A. and Al-Mulla, E.A.J., 2016. Electrochemical study of Pb (II) in present of each ascorbic acid, glucose, urea and uric acid using blood medium as an electrolyte. \u003cem\u003eNano Biomedicine and Engineering\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e8\u003c/em\u003e(1), pp.9-15.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRadhi, M.M., Abdul-Amir, Y.K. and Khalaf, M.S., 2016. Electrochemical effect of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in present of each ascorbic acid (AA) and folic acid (FA) in normal saline and human blood samples. AASCIT Communications, 3(3), pp.152-159.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRadhi, M.M., Al-Assady, S.A., Barakat, N.T., Mohammed, A.J. and Aziz, I.H., 2017. Electrochemical oxidation effect of each ascorbic acid and folic acid on lead ions in human blood. Int. J. Phar. Chem, 3(3), pp.33-40.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAbdul-Amir, Y.K., Radhi, M.M. and Al-Mulla, E.A.J., 2017. Use of Nano-Sensors of the Interferences between Pb ((II) with Each of Mg (II), Zn (II), Mn (II), Ca (II), Co (II) and PO 4-3 in Blood Medium: An Electrochemical Study. Nano Biomedicine \u0026amp; Engineering, 9(3).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKhalaf, M.S., Radhi, M.M. and Ali, Z.O., Impact viscosity of blood on the diffusion coefficient in the presence of ascorbic acid using cyclic voltammetry.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOtomaru, K., Oishi, S., Fujimura, Y., Iwamoto, Y., Nagai, K. and Ijiri, M., 2021. Effects of vitamin C supplementation on the blood oxidative stress and antibody titre against Histophilus somni vaccination in calves. J. Vet. Res, 65(1), p.73.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNooraei, S., Sarkar Lotfabadi, A., Akbarzadehmoallemkolaei, M. and Rezaei, N., 2023. Immunogenicity of different types of adjuvants and nano-adjuvants in veterinary vaccines: a comprehensive review. Vaccines, 11(2), p.453.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAbd-Elghaffar, A.A., Rashed, M.E., Ali, A.E. and Amin, M.A., 2020. In-Vitro inactivation of sabin-polioviruses for development of safe and effective polio vaccine. Vaccines, 8(4), p.601.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eVahedi, P., Rajabzadeh, A. and Soleimani, A., 2022. An evaluation of the effects of ascorbic acid on the endothelium of coronary and aorta arteries in lead-intoxicated rabbits. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, p.20503121221105330.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKim BYS, Rutka JT, Chan WCW. Nanomedicine. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;363(25):2434\u0026ndash;43.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePandey P, Dahiya M. A brief review on inorganic nanoparticles. J Crit Rev. 2016;3(3):18\u0026ndash;26.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eZwyea, S., Mohsin, A.A. and Radhi, M.M., 2020. Anti-oxidative effect of sulforaphane compound in blood medium using cyclic voltammetry. EurAsian Journal of Biosciences, 14(2).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKareem ZN, Radhi MM, Moosa AA. Cyclic Voltammetric Studies of Micro and Nano Paracetamol Using Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Graphene. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing; 2021. p. 12054.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJassim AS, Radhi M, Ali Z. Study Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Solution as an Alternative of Iodine Contrast Medium of CT-Scan Imaging of the Heart, Kidney, and Liver. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021;25(6):8793\u0026ndash;803.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAbd H, Radhi M. The Use of Manganese Nano-Molecular Solution as Alternative Contrast Media in CT-Scan Imaging. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021;25(6):7650\u0026ndash;63.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026Ccedil;i\u0026ccedil;ek S. Influences of l-ascorbic acid on cytotoxic, biochemical, and genotoxic damages caused by copper II oxide nanoparticles in the rainbow trout gonad cells-2. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology \u0026amp; Pharmacology. 2023; 266:109559.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization Geneva. department of vaccines and biologicals. 2000.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"AL NPs, BCG vaccine, Polio vaccine, Rabbit's blood, Cyclic Voltammetry, Ascorbic acid","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9279556/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9279556/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eImportant findings were found in this study about vaccines in general and their oxidative effects on rabbits because the companies that make them add substances that, when taken, cause serious symptoms. This is what we observed in the vaccines used to combat the coronavirus pandemic. Analyses of blood samples from rabbits exposed to several vaccines (BCG and polio) and to Alum nanoparticles (AL NPs), one of the vaccine components, were conducted using a cyclic voltammetric approach in electrochemistry.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe appearance of oxidation peaks was observed in each of the blood samples of rabbits exposed to AL NPs, as well as the vaccines. The blood samples were treated with ascorbic acid (AA), which gave successful results by inhibiting the oxidation peaks and reducing them from the blood, Therefore the use of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant agent, which considered as a response to its interferences with different vaccines in the blood medium. Oxidative stress induction by ALNPs and vaccine was indicated by significantly (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. These changes were lowered to approximately normal level when after using vitamin C combination during these oxidative stresses. Thus, advice can be given to use ascorbic acid with all vaccines in order to avoid the risks resulting from the different vaccines.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Study The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Oxidative Stress of Rabbits Blood Samples Dosed with AL Nps, BCG Vaccine, and Polio Vaccine","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-07 14:41:52","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9279556/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"233a5c3a-0886-418c-8f16-d190d9dfe9fe","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 7th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-07T14:42:09+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-07 14:41:52","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9279556","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9279556","identity":"rs-9279556","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}