A Low-Profile Patch-Loaded Ring Antenna with Wide Frequency Tuning Capability for Dual-Band Metal-Mountable Tag Design

A Low-Profile Patch-Loaded Ring Antenna with Wide Frequency Tuning Capability for Dual-Band Metal-Mountable Tag Design | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A Low-Profile Patch-Loaded Ring Antenna with Wide Frequency Tuning Capability for Dual-Band Metal-Mountable Tag Design Muthukannan Murugesh, Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim, Eng-Hock Lim, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4140101/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A low-profile ring antenna (39 mm × 39 mm × 1.38 mm), which is loaded with a circular patch at the central region for frequency tuning purposes, has been proposed for anti-metal applications that operate in the Lower European (LEu) and the North American (NA) UHF-RFID passbands. The antenna itself consists of a square ring as well as a hexagonal ring, all of which can be fully made on a single-layer substrate, and they are concentrically stacked for generating a stable broadside radiation pattern on metal surface. The dimensions of the rings can be adjusted to achieve efficient frequency tuning capability, with conjugate impedance matching over the two operating frequencies. The proposed tag antenna is simple and it does not require the use of other complex tuning mechanisms. Independent frequency tuning is possible in the two passbands. With 4W Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP), it can achieve long read ranges of 8 m and 9 m, respectively, over the LEu and NA UHF-RFID passbands. A detailed analysis was conducted to understand the resonance characteristics, and a Transmission Line (TL) model was constructed to facilitate the design of the tag antenna. It is important to highlight that the two tag resonant frequencies are stable and not much affected by the presence of the backing metallic object. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Physics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4140101","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":285993975,"identity":"83635215-db36-46cc-8461-7c7cbc27b113","order_by":0,"name":"Muthukannan Murugesh","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACxgYGAwirAoiZmRsIazkI13IGpIWRFC2MbVBL8QHdBu406Y87Dhvzz+49+LlwXm00fztQy4+KbTi1mB3g3SZx8MxhM4k755KlZ247njvjMGMDY8+Z2wS0tB22YbiRYyDNu+1YbgNQCzNjGxFa5G/kGP/mnXMsdz6xWswMbuSYSfM21ORuIKjlMO9mi7Nt6caGQC3WPMcO5G4EajmI1y/HezfeqGyzNpwHdNhtnpq63HnnDx988KMCtxYGZlTuYTB5ALd6TFBHiuJRMApGwSgYIQAA4K5e3kXG0TIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muthukannan","middleName":"","lastName":"Murugesh","suffix":""},{"id":285993976,"identity":"0d57f046-8412-40ff-8bc0-0989fc3aba39","order_by":1,"name":"Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sharul","middleName":"Kamal Abdul","lastName":"Rahim","suffix":""},{"id":285993978,"identity":"d61571ca-3bdd-47b4-aa89-9f53e5429907","order_by":2,"name":"Eng-Hock Lim","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eng-Hock","middleName":"","lastName":"Lim","suffix":""},{"id":285993980,"identity":"2702530a-f6e8-481f-8231-d3be970b1331","order_by":3,"name":"Pei-Song Chee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pei-Song","middleName":"","lastName":"Chee","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-21 02:14:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4140101/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4140101/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":59917535,"identity":"8379c2c5-2c3b-46df-afdc-b3295613e0a0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-09 09:24:56","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1536734,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ALowProfilePatchLoadedRingAntennawithWideFrequencyTuningCapabilityforDualBandMetalMountableTagDesign.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4140101/v1_covered_b71a6dd3-0535-4bfc-b72d-40c9010b5d1f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Low-Profile Patch-Loaded Ring Antenna with Wide Frequency Tuning Capability for Dual-Band Metal-Mountable Tag Design","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4140101/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4140101/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA low-profile ring antenna (39 mm \u0026times; 39 mm \u0026times; 1.38 mm), which is loaded with a circular patch at the central region for frequency tuning purposes, has been proposed for anti-metal applications that operate in the Lower European (LEu) and the North American (NA) UHF-RFID passbands. The antenna itself consists of a square ring as well as a hexagonal ring, all of which can be fully made on a single-layer substrate, and they are concentrically stacked for generating a stable broadside radiation pattern on metal surface. The dimensions of the rings can be adjusted to achieve efficient frequency tuning capability, with conjugate impedance matching over the two operating frequencies. The proposed tag antenna is simple and it does not require the use of other complex tuning mechanisms. Independent frequency tuning is possible in the two passbands. With 4W Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP), it can achieve long read ranges of 8 m and 9 m, respectively, over the LEu and NA UHF-RFID passbands. A detailed analysis was conducted to understand the resonance characteristics, and a Transmission Line (TL) model was constructed to facilitate the design of the tag antenna. 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