Climate-Responsive Robotic Brickwork for Monolithic Building Envelopes

Climate-Responsive Robotic Brickwork for Monolithic Building Envelopes | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Climate-Responsive Robotic Brickwork for Monolithic Building Envelopes Julia Fleckenstein, Kathrin Dörfler, Philipp L. Molter, Daniele Santucci This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8280692/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This research aims to reconcile geometric complexity and environmental performance in robotic bricklaying by proposing an integrated design-to-fabrication methodology for site-specific, monolithic building envelopes. As a sustainable alternative to contemporary multi-layered composites, this approach utilizes a uniform brick format that is geometrically and materially differentiated, facilitating a zoning strategy that organizes insulating and weather-resistant bricks into a cohesive structural element. The methodology relies on a hierarchical graph-based model that streamlines the workflow from an (1) abstract spatial cell network, defining room topologies and their enclosing wall and slab elements, to a (2) detailed brick assembly graph of selected elements, integrating attributes such as bond type, corners, and wall connections. The exterior facade morphology is driven by solar radiation simulations, where algorithmic design generates self-shading patterns through the precise movement of individual bricks reducing surface temperature. The proposed methodology was experimentally validated through the fabrication of a full-scale demonstrator of a monolithic building section in Munich, Germany, realized by a collaborative workflow between a mobile robotic system and skilled craftspeople. This research demonstrates that robotic fabrication can effectively reconcile construction constraints with climate-aware design, enabling the realization of resource-efficient, functionally zoned, and architecturally distinct masonry envelopes. Ultimately, this research establishes the efficacy of the graph-based model as a comprehensive digital framework for construction automation. By encapsulating construction logic and topological dependencies within a unified data structure, the framework effectively reconciles abstract architectural planning with discrete robotic control, facilitating a seamless digital chain from early-stage design to on-site assembly. construction robotics robotic bricklaying graph-based data model zoned monolithic masonry climate-aware design Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 27 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 18 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 20 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 12 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 12 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 10 Dec, 2025 First submitted to journal 04 Dec, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8280692","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":560462742,"identity":"d081cdce-6002-4fc2-b2f7-4e526b71f6c8","order_by":0,"name":"Julia Fleckenstein","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABEklEQVRIie2RsUrEQBCGJwQ2zcZrV5JLXmHCtoKv4hJIFcHSzhVh0wSuTQrfQZu0RgKptL/S41oFxULBLcwlJ4iwqS32awb25+PfYQAsln+II13ZAkQhAJleCLjtlBgVZ6dwuldwGETIOWUf/VIAaDKruJW4bD8B6cLrxfZM6+ggKD+2fg7LlamjEvK+HJTDMut4rZCT8PH2ym+A14aandJS0BTXngp8iUKx01ERN+1Mix5ajtde8UU1XiiWb0blbkbp6KAgI71LCZ4QljtTi2mXciO7EJGyhywNfMUTxbKkvm4YrwwtSZF2b8/nGC2KPnmnOorjKn16fWmOlivD+uMJxmv8gRm+BRAbE4vFYrH88A3DPFik7SGS9gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Technical University of Munich","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Julia","middleName":"","lastName":"Fleckenstein","suffix":""},{"id":560462743,"identity":"611b0601-6a0c-423d-9e3b-ae6bf7619236","order_by":1,"name":"Kathrin Dörfler","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Technical University of Munich","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kathrin","middleName":"","lastName":"Dörfler","suffix":""},{"id":560462744,"identity":"9c79cac3-96f2-498a-96ec-fe4461666bed","order_by":2,"name":"Philipp L. 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