The cross-sectional study of clinico-epidemiological profile of infertile couples undergoing intrauterine insemination in one of the tertiary care teaching institutes

Background: Infertility, defined as failure to conceive after one year of regular unprotected intercourse, affects approximately 1 in 6 couples globally. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a widely used first-line ART, yet comprehensive clinico-epidemiological data from Indian tertiary care centres remain limited. Objectives: To characterise the sociodemographic and clinical profile of infertile couples undergoing IUI, identify etiological factors in both partners, and evaluate the IUI success rate. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the IVF department of a tertiary care teaching institute from January 2025 to December 2025. One hundred and twenty infertile couples were enrolled. Data on demographics, infertility type, etiological factors, stimulation parameters, and IUI outcomes were collected and analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: Primary infertility predominated (88.3%). The most frequent female etiological factor was low AMH (15.8%), followed by PCOS (12.5%) and endometriosis (8.3%). Male semen abnormalities were present in 34.2% of cases. The clinical pregnancy (IUI success) rate was 21.7% per cycle. Endometrial thickness ?9 mm was significantly associated with IUI success (p = 0.013). Conclusion: Infertility is multifactorial, involving both partners in a substantial proportion of couples. IUI under a letrozole-based protocol offers a 21.7% clinical pregnancy rate. Early investigation of both partners, endometrial optimisation, and individualised treatment are essential for improving reproductive outcomes.