Socio Technical Resilience in Monero Linking Privacy Upgrades Proof of Work Design and CARF Compliance

Socio Technical Resilience in Monero Linking Privacy Upgrades Proof of Work Design and CARF Compliance | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Systematic Review Socio Technical Resilience in Monero Linking Privacy Upgrades Proof of Work Design and CARF Compliance Charukesh J This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8684657/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The emergence of high-density mining hardware, such as the Bitmain Antminer X9, has necessitated a fundamental shift in Proof-of-Work (PoW) architectures to maintain network decentralization in Monero cryptocurrency. This paper examines the technical specifications of RandomX v2, a defensive cryptographic response designed to mitigate ASIC advantages through instruction-set complexity. Concurrently, we analyze the transition from Ring Signatures to Full-Chain Membership Proofs (FCMP++), evaluating its impact on transaction unlinkability and forward secrecy. These technical evolutions are contextualized against the G20 Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF), which introduces mandatory transparency for centralized intermediaries. We explore the resultant “liquidity schism,” analyzing decentralized alternatives such as Haveno and Atomic Swaps, as well as the legal and structural strategies employed by participants to navigate the global tax-haven pivot and the burgeoning circular economy. Privacy-preserving protocols FCMP++ RandomX v2 ASIC Resistance G20 CARF Decentralized Liquidity Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 03 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 24 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 14 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Feb, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 13 Feb, 2026 Editor invited by journal 12 Feb, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 09 Feb, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 09 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 09 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8684657","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Systematic Review","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":591605079,"identity":"6b30f085-9295-4170-a86d-69c94eeec5b4","order_by":0,"name":"Charukesh J","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA40lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCRBxgIHBgL0ByDCACB4gTgsPSJ2BASlaJBIYENbgA/yzm5995jljY28u+Trxc0HBHwb+9gOMhwvwWXLnmPFsnhtpiTtn526WngF0mMSZBIbDM/BoAbrHmJnnw+EEg9u5G6R5QH65wcBwmAevlvTPQC3/7Q1unt38G6RFnrCWHKAtNw4wbrjBuw1siwEhLRI3cooZ55xJTtxwJnebNY+BMY/hmcQGvFr4Z6RvZnhzzM7e4PjZzbd5/sjJyR0/fPgzPi0YAKiYsYEUDaNgFIyCUTAKsAAAeNBLZojZB5UAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Charukesh","middleName":"","lastName":"J","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-24 07:38:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8684657/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8684657/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":102886033,"identity":"fbec7ad2-bcab-4184-a63e-b6e8173c51ae","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-18 02:43:56","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":176725,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Paper3.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8684657/v1_covered_eeef6e59-4c4c-4345-a5d8-608aa7d473c9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Socio Technical Resilience in Monero Linking Privacy Upgrades Proof of Work Design and CARF Compliance","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-computing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Computing](https://link.springer.com/journal/10791)","snPcode":"10791","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/10791/3","title":"Discover Computing","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Privacy-preserving protocols, FCMP++, RandomX v2, ASIC Resistance, G20 CARF, Decentralized Liquidity","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8684657/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8684657/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The emergence of high-density mining hardware, such as the Bitmain Antminer X9, has necessitated a fundamental shift in Proof-of-Work (PoW) architectures to maintain network decentralization in Monero cryptocurrency. This paper examines the technical specifications of RandomX v2, a defensive cryptographic response designed to mitigate ASIC advantages through instruction-set complexity. Concurrently, we analyze the transition from Ring Signatures to Full-Chain Membership Proofs (FCMP++), evaluating its impact on transaction unlinkability and forward secrecy. These technical evolutions are contextualized against the G20 Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF), which introduces mandatory transparency for centralized intermediaries. We explore the resultant “liquidity schism,” analyzing decentralized alternatives such as Haveno and Atomic Swaps, as well as the legal and structural strategies employed by participants to navigate the global tax-haven pivot and the burgeoning circular economy.","manuscriptTitle":"Socio Technical Resilience in Monero Linking Privacy Upgrades Proof of Work Design and CARF Compliance","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-18 02:43:41","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8684657/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-03-03T10:59:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-24T09:48:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-14T14:14:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"270092047258829037863521348828102696009","date":"2026-02-14T02:52:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"145855272340624960663073041337492532115","date":"2026-02-13T09:29:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-13T09:17:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-12T07:02:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-02-09T07:22:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-02-09T06:48:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Computing","date":"2026-02-09T06:46:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-computing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Computing](https://link.springer.com/journal/10791)","snPcode":"10791","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/10791/3","title":"Discover Computing","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"97a453f1-ff5e-4d0b-a6f6-2ce581a1737d","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 18th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-30T08:09:07+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-18 02:43:41","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8684657","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8684657","identity":"rs-8684657","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}