The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the prognosis of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with OF classification after vertebroplasty

The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the prognosis of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with OF classification after vertebroplasty | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the prognosis of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with OF classification after vertebroplasty Zixiang Wang, Hanquan Wang, Chenyang Zhuang, Weisin Chen, Tien-Manh Hoang, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2267989/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 09 May, 2023 Read the published version in Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background : To analyze the clinical and radiological effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the prognosis of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), and explore the prognostic value of OF classification. Methods : OVCF patients who received PVP from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2021 were divided into T2DM group and control group. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), bone cement leakage, new OVCF, anterior, middle, and posterior portion heights (APH, MPH and PPH) of vertebral body and local cobb angle (LCA) on X-ray before surgery, 2 days after surgery, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery were recorded and the OF classification was performed. Results : A total of 261 vertebral bodies were included, containing 68 in the T2DM group and 193 in the control group. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. At 6 months after PVP, the LCA of the T2DM group was 8.29±4.90° greater than that of the control group 6.05±5.18° ( P =0.002). At 12 months, the APH recovered 8.13±12.90%, which was less than 12.51±14.92% of the control group ( P =0.032), and 19.07±16.47% of the MPH recovery was less than the control group’s 24.63±17.67% ( P =0.024). Compared with the control group, OF 2 vertebral bodies of the T2DM group at 12 months postoperatively in MPH (14.82±14.71% vs 24.78±18.16%, P =0.023) and LCA (5.65±4.06° vs 3.26±4.86°, P =0.043) restored significantly worse. Besides, OF 3 restored worse in APH, MPH and LCA at 12 months postoperatively (APH: 5.40±11.02% VS 13.57±12.79%, P =0.008; MPH: 11.22±15.53% VS 17.84±12.36%, P =0.041; LCA: 10.85±3.79°VS 7.97±3.83°, P =0.002). There was no difference in radiological outcomes of OF 4 between the two groups. Conclusions : The degree of fractured vertebral compression, the recovery of the height and angle obtained immediately after surgery and the clinical symptoms in T2DM patients were not different from those in the control. However, vertebral body morphology of T2DM patients was worse since the sixth month after surgery. OF classification has a good prognostic reference value for both the control and the T2DM population. osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture type 2 diabetes mellitus OF classification percutaneous vertebroplasty prognosis Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction Osteoporosis (OP) is a common systemic and metabolic disease characterized by decreased bone mass, altered bone microarchitecture, and weakened biomechanical properties. With the intensification of the aging phenomenon in China, the prevalence of OP has gradually increased, reaching 32.0% of the population over the age of 65, ranking first in the world[1]. The prevalence of various complications has also increased. Osteoporotic fractures caused by mild external forces are most common, mainly occurring in the spine and hip, and the number of new cases in the United States exceeds 1.5 million each year[1]. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) often occurs in the thoracic and lumbar spine, which can cause severe back pain, muscle spasm and atrophy, kyphosis, and respiratory dysfunction. 27.8% of women over the age of 70 in China would suffer from OVCF[2]. The mortality rate of women over 65 years old with OVCF is 23% higher than that of the control group, and it increases with the number of fractured vertebrae[3]. Although conservative treatment can relieve pain in some patients, percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) has been one of the more common treatments for OVCF in the past three decades, which provides rapid pain relief through minimally invasive methods. And it could stabilize fractures, restore mechanical strength of the vertebral body, prevent further compression and help patients recommence normal activities. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90% among all diabetes patients. According to the estimates by the International Diabetes Federation, the total number of people with diabetes between the ages of 20 and 79 in the world has reached 426 million in 2019, of which China, the country with the largest number, accounts for 140 million[4, 5]. With the function of pancreatic β-cells progressively damaged, chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance could cause polydipsia, polyuria and polyphagia. Metabolic disorders in long-term result in different complications of various organs such as kidneys, bones, feet, eyes, and heart. Previous experiments have shown that T2DM can promote the progression of OP by disrupting the balance of osteogenesis, forming an inflammatory and reactive oxygen species microenvironment, interfering with the metabolism of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, and inhibiting bone microvascular blood supply[6, 7]. Clinical studies by Hofbauer et al. proved that T2DM and osteoporotic fractures have a synergistic effect. Patients with OP and T2DM have a significantly increased risk of falling. And the risk of fracture is 4 times that of the normal population, and the risk of OVCF is 1.35 times that of the normal population[8, 9]. Chen further demonstrated that T2DM is a risk factor for adjacent vertebral fractures in OVCF patients after vertebroplasty[10]. In addition, high blood glucose may lead to infection, wound complications, etc. However, there is no previous study to evaluate the prognosis of clinical symptoms and vertebral body morphology in patients with OVCF and T2DM after PVP. The OF (osteoporotic fracture) classification of OVCF is a relatively new preoperative grading method, which was published in 2018 by the German Society for Orthopedics and Trauma for the first time[11]. It classifies fractured vertebral bodies into grades 1-5 according to biomechanical stability and morphological changes (Figure 1), which is easier to utilize and easier to distinguish morphologies than previous grading systems[11]. Although the authors have given recommendations of treatment for all levels in the literature, the prognostic value of OF classification is still unclear, and its clinical value is limited. Therefore, this original research retrospectively analyzed the prognostic effects of T2DM on the clinic and radiology of OVCF patients after PVP, focusing on changes in the height and angle of fractured vertebrae, subjective pain assessment and complications. We aim to indicate the efficacy of PVP surgery in diabetic patients and to preliminarily study the prognostic significance of OF classification, which would help clinicians to provide standardized and comprehensive therapeutic schedules for patients. Materials And Methods This retrospective cohort study included baseline data, laboratory and imaging data, and was approved by the institutional review board and independent ethics committee of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. All eligible participants in the study gave written informed consent. 1. Patients We included patients with OVCF who received PVP in the Department of Orthopedics of our hospital from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2021. The enrolled patients were included in the T2DM group according to their past T2DM history or two fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L on different days, and the rest of the patients were included in the control group. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) PVP for acute thoracic or/and lumbar OVCF caused by minor trauma or falling from height not above normal standing; (2) diagnosis of OP by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with T-score of -2.5 or lower at lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total hip, or previous history of OVCF, proximal femoral fracture, or other fragility fracture[12]; (3) 50 years old ≤ age ≤ 90 years old. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) trauma caused by severe violence, such as car accident, fall from high place, etc.; (2) other non-OVCF fractures; (3) long-term or recent use of heparin, anti-OP drugs, glucocorticoids or other drugs that may affect bone metabolism; (4) chronic liver/renal insufficiency or malignant tumors and other diseases that may affect bone metabolism; (5) have received other spinal surgery within 6 months; (6) preoperative baseline measurements suggest abnormal blood calcium level: lower than 2.00mmol/L or greater than 2.75mmol/L, or abnormal 25-hydroxyvitamin D level: <15ng/mL; (7) Because previous studies have shown that the imaging results of chronic OVCF are significantly worse than the acute, patients with no apparent onset of symptoms within 6 weeks prior to surgery were excluded to reduce bias[13, 14]. 2. Surgery and post-operative care All eligible patients were operated on by the same surgical team and the same chief surgeon. PVP procedures for the treatment of OVCF lesions were performed according to the standard surgical procedure in previous literature[15]. The full set of medical equipment was provided by Huakerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China. The patient was placed in the prone position and then under local infiltration anesthesia with 1% lidocaine. The fractured vertebra was located by C-arm X-ray imaging. 0.5-1 cm lateral to the projection at the body surface of the pedicle was marked for the puncture point. A longitudinal incision was used to penetrate the puncture needle into the vertebral body from the upper outer quadrant of the pedicle. The front and lateral fluoroscopic monitoring of the compressed vertebral body is performed during the period, to ensure that the puncture needle is always in the pedicle and to avoid penetrating out of the vertebral body. When the needle enters the middle and posterior third of the vertebral body, the needle core is removed and the cannula is inserted in a limited direction to make the distal end to the opposite side of the vertebral body. After the inner sheath is slowly withdrawn, the toothpaste-like liquid bone cement polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is gradually injected through the cannula and withdrawn. The amount and injection speed of bone cement accord to the site and the extent of the lesion. Under the monitoring of C-arm, we stop the injection when PMMA reaches the posterior wall of the vertebral body, to ensure that there’s no leakage to the spinal canal or anterior gap. Patients should keep the prone position for at least 15 minutes until the puncture needle was pulled out after the bone cement solidifies. If the bone cement enters the spinal canal, intervertebral disc or intervertebral foramen during the injection, stop the operation immediately. Routine postoperative management included dressing change on the first postoperative day, and anteroposterior and lateral spine X-ray examinations on the second day, the sixth month, and the twelfth month after surgery. No oral or intravenous analgesics were routinely administered. Heavy physical labor such as lifting was prohibited for 6 months after surgery. In addition, throughout the follow-up, all participants received oral calcitriol 0.25 μg/d and calcium 1000 mg/d as the basic treatment for OP, and patients were encouraged to get more sunshine exposure and increase outdoor sports. According to the blood examination results of bone metabolism and economic conditions of the enrolled patients, different anti-OP drugs were administered after surgery, such as, teriparatide (subcutaneous injection, 20 μg/day, once a day, Eli Lilly, USA) was administered for at least 6 consecutive months; or zoledronic acid aqueous solution (intravenous infusion, 5 mg/time, once a year, Novartis, USA) was applied on the third day after surgery for at least 15 minutes; or denosumab (subcutaneous injection, 60 μg/time, once every 6 months, Amgen, USA) was administered. 3. Clinical data Baseline characteristics including gender, age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), chronic diseases such as diabetes or hypertension, mean perioperative fasting blood glucose, preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), operative segment and segment amount were recorded. Intraoperative information, such as operative time, intraoperative blood loss and bone cement injection volume was also recorded. Oral antidiabetic drug regimens or insulin regimens were recorded in patients with T2DM. The visual analogue scale (VAS) ranges from 0 to 10 for grading low back pain, with higher scores representing more severe pain. The Oswestry disability index (ODI) ranges from 0 to 50, used to assess the neurological function and severity of symptoms, with higher scores representing more severe pain and dysfunction. These two clinical parameters were assessed before PVP and at 2 days, 6 months, and 12 months after PVP. Complications such as nerve root injury, spinal cord injury, allergy, spinal infection and pulmonary embolism were observed and recorded if happened. 4. Radiological evaluation Based on lateral vertebral X-rays, two spine surgeons unrelated to the operation independently assessed the imaging parameters of each enrolled patient before PVP and 2 days, 6 months, and 12 months after PVP. The data includes the anterior, middle and posterior portion heights (APH, MPH and PPH) of the fractured vertebral body and its upper and lower unfractured adjacent vertebrae, as well as the local cobb angle (LCA) of the fractured vertebral body. To minimize the risk of bias, statistical analyses were performed using the mean measurements from the two spine surgeons. The original relative height of each portion of the fractured vertebral body was calculated as the average height of each portion of the nearest upper and lower non-fractured vertebral bodies. Then, the height difference of each portion and local cobb angle of the fractured vertebral body before and after the operation were calculated. The lost percentage of height is calculated as: height loss (%)=(original height-preoperative height)/original height*100%, and the percentage of height recovery is calculated as: height recovery (%)=(postoperative height-preoperative height)/original height*100% to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty on OVCF and to compare the difference in prognosis between the T2DM group and the control group. An example of the height of each portion and angle measurement is shown in Figure 2. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by DXA (Hologic Discovery A device, Bedford, USA) preoperatively or on the second postoperative day. Due to the interference of bone cement in some patients, the mean BMD of the unoperated lumbar vertebrae or hip joints was used to evaluate the bone quality of patients after surgery. During the whole postoperative period, complications such as bone cement leakage, refracture of other vertebral bodies and corresponding imaging examinations were observed and analyzed if happened. 5. Statistical analysis All statistical analyses were performed on the SPSS software (22.0, IBM corp., Armonk, USA). All continuous variable results were displayed in the form of mean ± standard deviation. Paired t -test was used to compare the changes of clinical and imaging indexes in each group before and after treatment. Continuous variables such as baseline characteristics, BMD, VAS, ODI, vertebral height and local cobb angle were compared between the two groups by independent t -test, along with the subgroup analysis OF classification. One-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were used to compare the prognostic value of OF classification. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare categorical variables such as gender, fracture part, and complications between the two groups. The rank sum test was used to compare multiple ordinal categorical variables between the two groups, such as the number of cases with different amounts of fracture segments, the number of vertebral bodies with different OF grades, etc. Based on two-sided 95% confidence intervals, P <0.05 was set as statistical significance. Results 1. Baseline characteristics of the enrolled population According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of 850 patients who underwent PVP surgery between January 1, 2016 and June 30, 2021, a total of 216 patients with OVCF were eventually included in this study for further analysis (Figure 3). Table 1 demonstrated the demographic characteristics, surgical information, and fracture segments of the enrolled patients, which included 57 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM group) and 159 control patients without diabetes (control group). Gender, age, height, weight, BMI, T-value of perioperative BMD, the prevalence of hypertension, the prevalence of coronary heart disease, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and amount of bone cement injected into each segment showed no statistical significance between the two groups ( P >0.05). During hospitalization, the fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c in the T2DM group were 8.48±2.12mmol/L and 8.16±1.75%, respectively, while the blood glucose and HbA1c in the control group were 5.49±0.99mmol/L and 5.64±1.03%, respectively. The differences between the two groups were significant ( P <0.001). A total of 261 compression fracture segments underwent PVP treatment in this study, including 48 cases of single-segment fractures, 7 cases of double-segment fractures, and 2 cases of three-segment fractures in the T2DM group, with 4 thoracic vertebrae (T5-T10), 48 thoracolumbar vertebrae (T11-L2), and 16 lumbar vertebrae (L3-L5). In the control group, there were 130 single-segment fractures, 25 double-segment fractures, 3 three-segment fractures, and 1 four-segment fracture, with 15 thoracic vertebrae, 127 thoracolumbar vertebrae, and 51 lumbar vertebrae. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Moreover, no adverse events or serious adverse events, such as palpitations, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, malaise, and death, were observed or recorded after operation. 2. Clinical outcomes A total of 209 (96.76%) among the 216 patients returned to their activity level before fracture on postoperative day 2, and 100% returned to full activity on postoperative day 5. On the second day after PVP, the mean VAS of patients in the T2DM group decreased from 7.54 ± 1.61 to 3.01 ± 1.36, and the mean ODI decreased from 38.09 ± 4.77 to 21.39 ± 2.73. The mean VAS of the control group decreased from 7.62 ± 1.42 to 3.05 ± 1.27, and the mean ODI decreased from 37.39±4.22 to 21.81±3.10. Therefore, the clinical symptom scores of low back pain in both groups were significantly lower than those before operation ( P <0.001), and there were statistical differences between 6 months and 12 months after PVP ( P <0.001). The clinical symptom scores of the two groups at 6 and 12 months after surgery were also significantly lower than those on the second day after surgery ( P <0.001). Besides, there were no statistically significant differences in VAS and ODI before PVP or at any three postoperative time points between groups (Table 2). 3. Comparison of radiological results of T2DM group and control group A total of 261 OVCF segments were included in this research, including 68 in the T2DM group and 193 in the control group. The anteroposterior and lateral film of the typical cases of the two groups before surgery, 2 days after surgery, 6 months after surgery and 12 months after surgery are shown in Figure 4 (T8 fracture in the T2DM group’s typical case and L1 fracture in the control group’s typical case). The image measurement results of the two evaluators were generally reliable, with an intraclass correlation coefficient between 0.86 and 0.99 (95% confidence interval, p <0.001) for the height of each portion of the vertebral body and an intraclass correlation coefficient between 0.87 and 0.96 (95% confidence interval, p <0.001) for LCA. Paired t -test showed that the APH, MPH, PPH and LCA of the fractured vertebral bodies in the T2DM group and the control group were significantly improved on the second day, the sixth month, and the twelfth month after surgery compared with those before surgery ( P <0.001). As shown in Table 3, the independent t -test revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of height loss and LCA of each vertebral body between the T2DM group and the control group before PVP. The anterior portion and the middle portion in the T2DM group indicated a trend of slightly more compression than that of the control group, which were 27.45±15.37% and 36.98±13.02%, respectively. And they were 26.01±14.62% and 35.80±15.70% in the control group, both lower than those of the T2DM group. The LCA of 11.84±7.06° in the T2DM group was greater than that of the control group, 10.25±6.25°. Correspondingly, on the second day after operation, the correction of vertebral height produced by vertebroplasty in the T2DM group was also slightly greater than that in the control group. The APH recoveries were 19.49±13.51% and 16.25±13.72% in the respective group, and the MPH recovery were 30.71±15.30% and 28.63±16.80%, respectively. But there was no significant difference in the height recovery and LCA between the two groups. At 6 months after PVP, however, the vertebral LCA of T2DM patients was significantly larger than that of control patients (8.29 ± 4.90° vs 6.05 ± 5.18°, P =0.002). The P values of the APH, MPH and PPH contrasts were all greater than 0.05. At 12 months after surgery, the two groups showed significant differences in all radiological measurements except PPH. The APH in the T2DM group restored 8.13 ± 12.90%, which was less than the recovery amount of 12.51 ± 14.92% in the control group ( P =0.032). The height recovery of the MPH in the T2DM group (19.07±16.47%) was less than that in the control group (24.63±17.67%, P =0.024). And the LCA in the T2DM group was 8.87±4.71°, greater than that in the control group (6.18±5.04°, P <0.001). 4. Complications No nerve root injury, spinal cord injury, allergy, spinal infection or pulmonary embolism occurred during the entire follow-up. 3 cases of bone cement leakage occurred in the T2DM group, involving 3 vertebral bodies as T12, L1, and L1. 2 cases were type-C leakage, which leaked along the cortical defect to the upper intervertebral disc, and 1 case belonged to type-S leaking around the vertebral body. In the control group, there were 5 patients with bone cement leakage, involving 5 vertebral bodies: T7, T12, T12, L1 and L3. Among them, 3 cases were type-C leakage, and 2 cases were type-B leakage with the PMMA leaking along the vertebral basilar vein to the posterior border. Fisher's exact test demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the incidence of bone cement leakage between the two groups (Table 4, P =0.438). There were 3 cases of new vertebral fractures other than the primary OVCF segment in the T2DM group, all of which were adjacent segment fractures, accounting for 5.3%. The shortest interval between the initial and the secondary was 3 months, and the longest interval was 13 months. There were 12 cases of new vertebral fractures in the control group, accounting for 7.5%, consisting of 6 cases of adjacent vertebrae and 6 cases of non-adjacent vertebrae fractures. The shortest interval was 2 months, and the longest interval was 47 months. All cases of new vertebral fracture in both groups were single-segment fractures, and there was no significant difference between the groups ( P =0.764). 5. The prognostic effect of OF classification on vertebral body height and cobb angle According to the preoperative fractures’ morphology of OF classification in Figure 1, among all 261 OVCF vertebral segments, there were 96 (36.8%) OF 2 vertebral bodies, 90 (34.5%) OF 3 vertebral bodies, and 75 (28.7%) OF 4 vertebral bodies. There were no OF grades 1 and 5 fractures. One-way ANOVA in Table 5 indicated that three different OF grades had statistically significant differences in the APH and MPH recovery and LCA of the vertebral body at 2 days, 6 months, and 12 months after PVP (except for P =0.001 for MPH at 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively, P 0.05). In Table 6, the post-hoc analysis further verified the rehabilitative outcome of APH. OF grade 4 was better than OF grade 3, and OF grade 3 was better than OF grade 2, which was proved at all three time points after surgery ( P <0.05). The APH correction ratios of OF grade 2, 3, and 4 were 10.17±11.17%, 16.91±10.50%, and 26.18±14.89% two days after the operation, respectively. The restoration effect of the MPH was different from that of APH. OF grade 4 was better than OF grade 2, and OF grade 2 was better than OF grade 3, which was also proved at the three postoperative time points ( P <0.05). The proportions were 27.22±15.82%, 21.76±12.65%, and 40.57±15.18% for OF 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Compared with OF grade 4, OF grade 2 showed a significantly smaller LCA of the fractured vertebral body after surgery ( P <0.05). It also showed similar statistical results compared with OF grade 3 ( P <0.05). Nevertheless, the prognosis of LCA of OF grade 3 and 4 was not significantly different. 6. OF subgroup analysis of the influence of T2DM on the prognosis of vertebral body height and cobb angle As shown in Table 7, among the 68 OVCF vertebrae in the T2DM group, 21 (30.9%) were classified as OF grade 2, 23 (33.8%) were classified as OF grade 3, and 24 (35.3%) as OF grade 4. Among the 193 OVCF vertebrae in the control group, the number of vertebral bodies in OF grade 2, OF grade 3, and OF grade 4 were 75 (38.9%), 67 (34.7%), and 51 (26.4%), respectively. The proportion of OF grade 2 in the T2DM group was smaller than that of the control group, and the proportion of OF grade 4 was greater than that of the control group. But the rank sum test showed that there was no significant difference in the composition of OF grades between the two groups ( P =0.141). Comparing the T2DM group with the control group within the OF subgroup (Table 8), the OF grade 2 recovered less only in the percentage of MPH (14.82±14.71% vs 24.78±18.16%, P =0.023) and LCA (5.65±4.06° vs 3.26±4.86°, P =0.043) at 12 months postoperatively during the follow-up period. OF grade 3 not only recovered less in the anterior and middle parts at 12 months after surgery (APH: 5.40±11.02% VS 13.57±12.79%, P =0.008; MPH: 11.22±15.53% VS 17.84±12.36%, P =0.041), but there was a significant difference of T2DM patients in LCA at 6 months after operation (10.26±3.59°VS 7.64±4.15°, P =0.008) and 12 months after operation (10.85±3.79°VS 7.97±3.83°, P =0.002), compared with the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the radiographic outcome of the OF grade 4 vertebrae between the T2DM group and the control group. Discussion This study retrospectively analyzed 216 OVCF patients in our hospital from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2021, to compare the vertebral height restoration and local cobb angle of compression fractures, subjective pain symptoms and incidence of complications after PVP in T2DM patients and controls. Additionally, subgroups according to the OF classification were analyzed. The results illustrated that PVP surgery can quickly and significantly relieve the symptoms of low back pain and help early functional recovery. Besides, it can effectively restore the height and angle of the lost part of the compressed vertebral body, and rehabilitate the biomechanical stability. Compared with the general population, the degree of compression of the fractured vertebra and the degree of recovery of the height and angle obtained immediately after surgery were not different for T2DM patients. However, the LCA was worse than that of the control since the sixth month after surgery. And the surgical benefit of the APH and MPH was worse from 12 months after PVP. There was no difference in the complications of PVP surgery between the two groups. In terms of preoperative OF classification, OF 4 have a larger LCA after operation than OF 2, but there is no difference with OF 3. The postoperative rehabilitative outcome of the APH in OF 4 is better than OF 3, and OF 3 is better than OF 2. As for MPH, OF 4 is better than OF 2, and OF 2 is better than OF 3. The subgroup analysis of OF classification between T2DM patients and the control showed that there was no difference in the quantity distribution of OVCF types at all levels of OF. In respect of MPH and LCA, it’s worth noting that the morphology of OF 2 vertebral bodies in T2DM patients was worse than that of the general population at 12 months postoperatively. In OF 3 vertebral bodies, T2DM patients were worse than the general population in LCA at 6 months after surgery, and in the degree of APH and MPH recovery and LCA at 12 months after surgery. However, there was no difference in the radiological outcomes of OF 4 between the two populations. This article confirmed the rapid and significant curative effect of PVP in the measurement of the height and angle of the lateral spine X-ray on the second postoperative day in Table 3. Furthermore, a total of 12-month follow-up period reflected the good mid-term maintenance efficacy of the PVP on the vertebral morphology. The further plan for the research is to collect the imaging data for the long-term maintenance effect of 5 years after surgery. The included population all received unilateral PVP because of its less trauma, shorter operation time, lower probability of nerve injury complications, lower radiational exposure of patients and medical staff, and lower leakage rate of bone cement compared with bilateral PVP. Moreover, a previous meta-analysis with 876 patients suggested that the unilateral approach bringing about pain alleviation and vertebral height and LCA correction, had no significant difference from bilateral puncture, but with a lower risk of PMMA leakage[16]. The bone damage in T2DM originates from many mechanisms. The basic research of Botolin et al. and the clinical investigation of Jehle et al. discovered that both type 1 and 2 DM were capable of inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells and increase fat accumulation to inhibit bone remodeling, thereby reducing bone intensity and giving rise to the impairment in density and microstructure[17, 18]. A prospective research with 9654 patients suggested that whether because of insulin insufficiency or resistance, immoderately high blood glucose levels can reduce osteocalcin and impair the bone synthesis capacity of osteoblasts, thereby reducing BMD and significantly increasing the risk of osteoporotic fracture[19]. Apart from that, insulin resistance in such patients can lead to the decreased sensitivity of stem cell surface receptors to cytokines and the inhibition of the binding of osteoblast surface receptors to insulin, which in turn reduces the production of alkaline phosphatase from osteoblasts, which also impairs its activity causing lower bone intensity[20]. Under the continuous influence of high glucose and high advanced glycation end products microenvironment, the separation degree of trabecular bone is significantly increased and the structure gets hypertrophic, which further affects the bone strength. It may be the reason why the morphological prognosis of spinal cancellous bone gradually lags behind the general population[21]. Since bone microvessels are vital supply channels for nutrition, research on vascular holes in bone tissue can indicate the nutritional status of bone, the susceptibility to fractures and the healing ability to fractures, the latter being more important for postoperative patients. Microangiopathy in T2DM is usually not only manifested in retina and kidney, but also degenerates blood vessels in bone tissue, with its cortical bone volume thickness damaged and porosity increased more significantly[22]. However, there is yet no conclusion whether it is due to the degeneration of the blood vessels from diabetes itself damaging the bone tissue, or the bone degeneration caused by OP first causes the reduction of microvascular cavities, further leading to the impairment of the prognosis. The initiating factors were not clearly identified, but the synergistic relationship between the T2DM and the occurrence and prognosis of OVCF as mentioned above was confirmed[23]. Compared with the control group, the LCA of the fractured vertebrae of the T2DM patients began to escalate since the sixth month after PVP, and the recovery of APH and MPH was worse since the twelfth month after PVP. The APH, MPH and LCA of the vertebral body in this group showed a trend of continuous damage during the prognostic follow-up period. This conclusion could be mutually confirmed by studies mentioned above, suggesting that T2DM still has damage to the vertebral cortex and cancellous microstructure in patients after surgery. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in a mouse model of T2DM indicated the following results: trabecular bone increased in thickness but decreased in amount, in consequence of increased trabecular bone separation, reduced volume fraction, and decreased mechanical stability[23]. Clinically, although the trabecular bone in the T2DM group was thicker in structure, the amount was significantly reduced than that in the control group of the same age[24]. Partially different from it, after adjusting for BMI, age, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, Farr showed no significant difference in BMD and trabecular microstructure between T2DM patients and controls, but decreased cortical bone thickness, increased porosity, and decreased bone intensity. The mean HbA1c level in the past 10 years was negatively correlated with bone intensity[25]. The conclusions of these previous clinical studies may explain why the vertebral body still has a minor degree of compression deformation in the anterior and middle parts after PVP. First published by the German Society for Orthopedics and Trauma in 2018, the OF classification has solid interobserver reliability with κ=0.63. Compared with the previous Genant semi-quantitative grading system and the Sugita prognostic classification system, it is easier to utilize and easier to distinguish the fractured shape in clinic, and has given treatment recommendations for each grade[11]. Whereas, its prognostic value is unclear. Palmowski's immediate postoperative imaging analysis confirmed that the subgroup of patients with higher preoperative OF grade showed higher postoperative benefits in terms of radiological parameters after vertebroplasty[26]. It also proved that OF classification is an appropriate tool for sorting vertebral fractures and is a crucial factor to consider when deciding whether to treat conservatively or surgically[26]. Compared with the report, this subject extended the follow-up period to 12 months, and the study of OF classification reached similar but not completely equivalent conclusions. It was found that the PVP benefit for APH was OF 4>OF 3>OF 2, while the benefit of the MPH was OF 4>OF 2>OF 3. The LCA of OF 2 was always smaller than that of OF 3 and 4 from preoperative to 12 months after operation, while the LCA of OF 3 and OF 4 did not differ postoperatively. This conclusion is highly correlated with the preoperative morphology and mechanical stability when grading. In the subgroup analysis of T2DM patients, the recovery of the MPH of OF 2 was worse than that of the general population from 12 months after operation, and the recovery of both the APH and MPH of OF 3 got worse from 12 months after operation. It suggested that, for these two grades, T2DM has a negative influence on the prognostic repair of the fractured area. However, in OF 4, no prognostic differences in vertebral morphology and clinical symptoms were found between T2DM patients and the general population, probably due to the fact that the degree of compressive injury was more severe than that of OF 2 and 3, and the 1-year follow-up could merely distinguish the benefit of PVP in two groups. To date, there was no study reporting the prognostic significance of OF classification in short- or long-term. And in response to these results, we plan to include the vertebral body X-ray morphology and clinical symptoms of OVCF patients in the fifth year after PVP, in order to obtain longer-term and more accurate results of the prognostic impact of T2DM on such patients. Complications after PVP include nerve root injury, bone cement leakage, bone cement allergy, recurrent vertebral fracture, spinal infection, pulmonary embolism, etc. Only bone cement leakage and new vertebral fracture were observed in the enrolled population. Ren's investigation demonstrated that bone cement viscosity, infusion volume, vertebral body wall injury, and history of lung disease were risk factors for the cement leakage[27]. Although the proportion of PMMA leakage in the T2DM group was higher than that in the control group (5.3% VS 3.1%), there was no significant difference between the groups. Besides, no study has suggested that T2DM was a risk factor for cement leakage after PVP. This study has not yet found relevant influencing factors. Such a result may be since the injection of bone cement is quite dependent on the surgeon's technique and experience. In Chen’s retrospective study, he reached similar conclusions to the previous scholars on the risk factors of bone cement leakage, and illustrated that diabetes and the change of LCA after PKP is positively correlated with the postoperative adjacent vertebral fractures[10]. The recurrence rate of OVCF in this research was relatively low, with 5.3% in the T2DM group, and there was no difference between the groups. It may be because the routine recommendation for each patient by our doctors to have a balanced diet, regularly monitor and control blood glucose, take DXA examination once a year, receive daily oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and anti-OP therapy administering with zoledronic acid or teriparatide or denosumab according to the bone metabolism results and economic condition. This study has certain limitations. Although there might not be obvious changes in vertebral body morphology in the long-term without violent trauma, the 12-month follow-up time of this prognostic study still needs an extension, and the long-term efficacy of PVP needs further research. Additionally, the data on bone metabolism, blood glucose, and HbA1c were incomplete during the postoperative follow-up period, resulting in unclear glycemic control during follow-up and an inability to compare with perioperative levels. Last but not least, the specific anti-OP regimens of each patient are inconsistent according to their characteristics, which may affect the prognosis of vertebral morphology and clinical symptoms. Conclusion PVP can effectively relieve the symptoms of low back pain in patients with OVCF, contributing to early functional recovery. The degree of fractured vertebral body compression and the recovery of the height and angle obtained immediately after surgery in T2DM patients were not different from those in the general population. However, the vertebral body morphology of T2DM patients was worse than the general population since the sixth month after surgery. OF classification has a good prognostic reference value in morphology. The shape of OF 2 and 3 in T2DM patients was worse than that of the general population from 12 and 6 months respectively after surgery, and the shape of OF 4 has no difference from the general population within 12 months after surgery. Orthopedic surgeons should instruct T2DM patients to routinely monitor and control blood glucose, and give standardized individualized anti-osteoporosis regimens. Abbreviations APH, anterior portion height; BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; LCA, local cobb angle; MPH, middle portion height; ODI, Oswestry disability index; OF, osteoporotic fracture; OP, osteoporosis; OVCF, osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; PMMA, polymethyl methacrylate; PPH, posterior portion height; PVP, percutaneous vertebroplasty; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; VAS, visual analogue scale. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study methods were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional review board and independent ethics committee of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. All eligible participants in the study gave written informed consent. Consent for publication All the participants involving individual’s radiological data gave the consent for publication. Availability of data and materials De-identified laboratory and radiological data of all the included patients can be available upon reasonable request from qualified academic investigators by contacting the e-mail of the corresponding author and stating the purpose of reuse. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding This study was supported by the Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai (Grant number: GWV-10.2-XD11) and Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant Number: 21ZR1455800). Authors’ contributions Research design: ZX Wang, HQ Wang, H Lin, J Li, etc.; collection of data: CY Zhuang, TM Hoang, etc.; analysis and interpretation of data: ZX Wang, J Li, etc.; drafting and revision of paper: ZX Wang, HQ Wang, H Lin, etc. All authors gave final approval of the version to be published, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Acknowledgements Not applicable. References Johnell O, Kanis JA: An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures . Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 2006, 17 (12):1726-1733. Ling X, Cummings SR, Mingwei Q, Xihe Z, Xioashu C, Nevitt M, Stone K: Vertebral fractures in Beijing, China: the Beijing Osteoporosis Project . Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 2000, 15 (10):2019-2025. Heary RF, Bono CM: Metastatic spinal tumors . Neurosurgical focus 2001, 11 (6):e1. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, Colagiuri S, Guariguata L, Motala AA, Ogurtsova K et al : Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9(th) edition . Diabetes research and clinical practice 2019, 157 :107843. Xu Y, Wang L, He J, Bi Y, Li M, Wang T, Wang L, Jiang Y, Dai M, Lu J et al : Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults . Jama 2013, 310 (9):948-959. Cortet B, Lucas S, Legroux-Gerot I, Penel G, Chauveau C, Paccou J: Bone disorders associated with diabetes mellitus and its treatments . Joint bone spine 2019, 86 (3):315-320. Schacter GI, Leslie WD: Diabetes and Osteoporosis: Part I, Epidemiology and Pathophysiology . Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America 2021, 50 (2):275-285. Hofbauer LC, Lecka-Czernik B, Seibel MJ: Sweet and brittle - Diabetes mellitus and the skeleton . Bone 2016, 82 :1. Koromani F, Oei L, Shevroja E, Trajanoska K, Schoufour J, Muka T, Franco OH, Ikram MA, Zillikens MC, Uitterlinden AG et al : Vertebral Fractures in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: More Than Skeletal Complications Alone . Diabetes care 2020, 43 (1):137-144. Chen C, Fan P, Xie X, Wang Y: Risk Factors for Cement Leakage and Adjacent Vertebral Fractures in Kyphoplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures . Clin Spine Surg 2020, 33 (6):E251-e255. Schnake KJ, Blattert TR, Hahn P, Franck A, Hartmann F, Ullrich B, Verheyden A, Mörk S, Zimmermann V, Gonschorek O et al : Classification of Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures: Recommendations of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU) . Global spine journal 2018, 8 (2 Suppl):46s-49s. Qaseem A, Forciea MA, McLean RM, Denberg TD: Treatment of Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures in Men and Women: A Clinical Practice Guideline Update From the American College of Physicians . Annals of internal medicine 2017, 166 (11):818-839. Takahashi S, Hoshino M, Terai H, Toyoda H, Suzuki A, Tamai K, Watanabe K, Tsujio T, Yasuda H, Kono H et al : Differences in short-term clinical and radiological outcomes depending on timing of balloon kyphoplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fracture . Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association 2018, 23 (1):51-56. Zhou X, Meng X, Zhu H, Zhu Y, Yuan W: Early versus late percutaneous kyphoplasty for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: A retrospective study . Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2019, 180 :101-105. Hurley MC, Kaakaji R, Dabus G, Shaibani A, Walker MT, Fessler RG, Bendok BR: Percutaneous vertebroplasty . Neurosurgery clinics of North America 2009, 20 (3):341-359. Chen H, Tang P, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Wang Y: Unilateral versus bilateral balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures . Orthopedics 2014, 37 (9):e828-835. Botolin S, Faugere MC, Malluche H, Orth M, Meyer R, McCabe LR: Increased bone adiposity and peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 expression in type I diabetic mice . Endocrinology 2005, 146 (8):3622-3631. Jehle PM, Jehle DR, Mohan S, Böhm BO: Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor system components and relationship to bone metabolism in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients . The Journal of endocrinology 1998, 159 (2):297-306. Schwartz AV, Sellmeyer DE, Ensrud KE, Cauley JA, Tabor HK, Schreiner PJ, Jamal SA, Black DM, Cummings SR: Older women with diabetes have an increased risk of fracture: a prospective study . The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2001, 86 (1):32-38. Garbossa SG, Folli F: Vitamin D, sub-inflammation and insulin resistance. A window on a potential role for the interaction between bone and glucose metabolism . Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders 2017, 18 (2):243-258. Patsch JM, Rasul S, Huber FA, Leitner K, Thomas A, Kocijan R, Boutroy S, Weber M, Resch H, Kainberger F et al : Similarities in trabecular hypertrophy with site-specific differences in cortical morphology between men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus . PloS one 2017, 12 (4):e0174664. Shanbhogue VV, Hansen S, Frost M, Jørgensen NR, Hermann AP, Henriksen JE, Brixen K: Compromised cortical bone compartment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with microvascular disease . European journal of endocrinology 2016, 174 (2):115-124. Kerckhofs G, Durand M, Vangoitsenhoven R, Marin C, Van der Schueren B, Carmeliet G, Luyten FP, Geris L, Vandamme K: Changes in bone macro- and microstructure in diabetic obese mice revealed by high resolution microfocus X-ray computed tomography . Scientific reports 2016, 6 :35517. Yu EW, Putman MS, Derrico N, Abrishamanian-Garcia G, Finkelstein JS, Bouxsein ML: Defects in cortical microarchitecture among African-American women with type 2 diabetes . Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 2015, 26 (2):673-679. Farr JN, Drake MT, Amin S, Melton LJ, 3rd, McCready LK, Khosla S: In vivo assessment of bone quality in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes . Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 2014, 29 (4):787-795. Palmowski Y, Balmer S, Hu Z, Winkler T, Schnake KJ, Kandziora F, Pumberger M: Relationship Between the OF Classification and Radiological Outcome of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures After Kyphoplasty . Global spine journal 2020:2192568220964051. Ren H, Shen Y, Zhang YZ, Ding WY, Xu JX, Yang DL, Cao JM: Correlative factor analysis on the complications resulting from cement leakage after percutaneous kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture . Journal of spinal disorders & techniques 2010, 23 (7):e9-15. Tables Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients in the T2DM group and the control group. T2DM Control P value Age (years) 73.19±8.18 72.89±9.51 0.833 Gender (Male/Female) 16/41 31/128 0.178 Height (cm) 162.79±8.76 160.96±7.90 0.146 Weight (kg) 61.71±11.36 59.76±10.71 0.248 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 23.31±3.32 23.02±3.52 0.711 Lumbar BMD (T value) -3.59±1.02 -3.84±0.95 0.444 Hip BMD (T value) -3.38±0.57 -3.59±0.92 0.377 Blood glucose (mmol/L) 8.48±2.12 5.49±0.99 <0.001 * HbA1c (%) 8.16±1.75 5.64±1.03 <0.001 * Hypertension (N) 27 62 0.270 Coronary heart disease (N) 6 8 0.148 Operation time (min) 29.67±8.47 28.42±6.58 0.260 Intraoperative blood loss (ml) 8.42±4.92 8.08±4.78 0.643 Bone cement volume (ml/segment) 5.70±1.90 5.45±1.85 0.338 Fractured segments (N) 68 193 0.801 Thorax (T5-T10) 4 15 Thoracolumbar (T11-L2) 48 127 Lumbar (L3-L5) 16 51 Fractured cases (N) 57 159 0.709 Single segment 48 130 Double segments 7 25 Multi-segments (≥3) 2 4 * p <0.05; BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Table 2. Clinical parameters of patients in the T2DM group and control group before surgery, 2 days, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. Before 2 days 6 months 12 months VAS T2DM 7.54±1.61 3.01±1.36 1.81±1.03 1.7±0.82 Control 7.62±1.42 3.05±1.27 1.65±0.97 1.67±0.96 P value 0.734 0.850 0.296 0.840 ODI T2DM 38.09±4.77 21.39±2.73 10.42±1.38 10.93±1.51 Control 37.39±4.22 21.81±3.10 10.25±1.64 10.55±1.77 P value 0.302 0.361 0.486 0.154 ODI, Oswestry disability index; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; VAS, visual analogue scale. Table 3. Height and LCA of vertebral bodies in the T2DM group and control group before surgery, 2 days, 6 months and 12 months after surgery T2DM Control P value Height loss-before (%) APH 27.45±15.37 26.01±14.62 0.493 MPH 36.98±13.02 35.80±15.70 0.579 PPH 9.51±8.70 10.19±10.03 0.621 LCA-before (°) 11.84±7.06 10.25±6.25 0.082 Height restoration-2 days (%) APH 19.49±13.51 16.25±13.72 0.094 MPH 30.71±15.30 28.63±16.80 0.369 PPH 7.06±11.90 8.03±11.97 0.566 LCA-2 days (°) 6.32±4.36 6.15±4.78 0.783 Height restoration-6 months (%) APH 11.35±12.39 12.99±14.54 0.408 MPH 21.69±16.03 24.84±17.62 0.197 PPH 5.03±12.00 5.73±12.45 0.689 LCA-6 months (°) 8.29±4.90 6.05±5.18 0.002 * Height restoration-12 months (%) APH 8.13±12.90 12.51±14.92 0.032 * MPH 19.07±16.47 24.63±17.67 0.024 * PPH 4.09±12.32 5.29±12.76 0.502 LCA-12 months (°) 8.87±4.71 6.18±5.04 <0.001 * * p <0.05; APH, anterior portion height; LCA, local cobb angle; MPH, middle portion height; PPH, posterior portion height; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Table 4. Complications of the T2DM group and control group T2DM（N=57） Control（M=159） P value Bone cement leakage (N) 3（5.3%） 5（3.1%） 0.438 New OVCF (N) 3（5.3%） 12（7.5%） 0.764 OVCF, osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus Table 5. One-way ANOVA for vertebral bodies height restoration and LCA of OF classification at 2 days, 6 months and 12 months after surgery OF 2 OF 3 OF 4 P value Height-2 days (%) APH 10.17±11.17 16.91±10.50 26.18±14.89 <0.001 * MPH 27.22±15.82 21.76±12.65 40.57±15.18 <0.001 * PPH 8.94±13.47 7.08±10.46 7.14±11.53 0.305 LCA-2 days (°) 3.65±4.45 7.49±3.49 7.89±4.79 <0.001 * Height-6 months (%) APH 6.92±13.52 13.39±11.37 18.80±14.76 <0.001 * MPH 23.23±18.23 17.67±13.39 32.63±16.66 0.001 * PPH 6.53±13.36 6.11±11.09 3.62±12.26 0.137 LCA-6 months (°) 3.46±4.86 8.31±4.15 8.67±4.78 <0.001 * Height-12 months (%) APH 5.65±12.88 11.48±12.81 18.55±15.36 <0.001 * MPH 22.60±17.88 16.15±13.46 32.35±17.40 0.001 * PPH 6.28±13.15 5.23±11.53 3.01±13.16 0.099 LCA-12 months (°) 3.78±4.78 8.70±4.00 8.66±4.74 <0.001 * * p <0.05; APH, anterior portion height; LCA, local cobb angle; MPH, middle portion height; OF, osteoporotic fracture; PPH, posterior portion height; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Table 6. Post hoc analysis for vertebral bodies height restoration and LCA of OF classification at 2 days, 6 months and 12 months after surgery OF 2 VS OF 3 OF 2 VS OF 4 OF 3 VS OF 4 Height-2 days APH(%) -6.73±3.50 -16.0±3.68 -9.27±3.73 P value <0.001 * <0.001 * <0.001 * MPH(%) 5.45±4.22 -13.3±4.43 -18.8±4.49 P value 0.012 * <0.001 * <0.001 * PPH(%) 1.86±3.45 1.80±3.62 -0.05±3.67 P value 0.289 0.328 0.975 LCA-2 days (°) -3.83±1.22 -4.24±1.29 -0.40±1.30 P value <0.001 * <0.001 * 0.545 Height-6 months APH(%) -6.46±3.81 -11.8±4.00 -5.40±4.06 P value 0.001 * <0.001 * 0.009 * MPH(%) 5.56±4.69 -9.39±4.92 -14.9±5.00 P value 0.02 * <0.001 * <0.001 * PPH(%) 0.41±3.55 2.91±3.73 2.49±3.78 P value 0.816 0.126 0.197 LCA-6 months (°) -4.85±1.33 -5.21±1.39 -0.35±1.41 P value <0.001 * <0.001 * 0.619 Height-12 months APH(%) -5.83±3.93 -12.9±4.13 -7.07±4.19 P value 0.004 * <0.001 * 0.001 * MPH(%) 6.45±4.72 -9.75±4.95 -16.2±5.03 P value 0.008 * <0.001 * <0.001 * PPH(%) 1.04±3.64 3.26±3.82 2.22±3.88 P value 0.573 0.094 0.262 LCA-12 months (°) -4.92±1.30 -4.87±1.37 0.05±1.39 P value <0.001 * <0.001 * 0.948 * p <0.05; APH, anterior portion height; LCA, local cobb angle; MPH, middle portion height; OF, osteoporotic fracture; PPH, posterior portion height; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Table 7. Number of OF classification of the T2DM group and the control group T2DM Control P value Total (N) 68 193 0.141 OF 2 21 (30.9%) 75 (38.9%) OF 3 23 (33.8%) 67 (34.7%) OF 4 24 (35.3%) 51 (26.4%) OF, osteoporotic fracture; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus Table 8. Height restoration and LCA of OF classification at 2 days, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery in the T2DM group and control group T2DM Control P value OF 2 Height-2 days (%) APH 12.28±12.47 9.58±10.80 0.329 MPH 26.14±15.36 27.52±16.04 0.727 PPH 11.32±16.82 8.28±12.42 0.363 LCA-2 days (°) 3.70±2.84 3.63±4.82 0.952 Height-6 months (%) APH 6.26±9.73 7.11±14.45 0.801 MPH 17.55±15.69 24.82±18.66 0.106 PPH 8.32±16.15 6.03±12.56 0.490 LCA-6 months (°) 4.73±4.33 3.10±4.97 0.177 Height-12 months (%) APH 2.58±9.71 6.51±13.57 0.219 MPH 14.82±14.71 24.78±18.16 0.023 * PPH 8.01±15.59 5.79±12.45 0.497 LCA-12 months (°) 5.65±4.06 3.26±4.86 0.043 * OF 3 Height-2 days (%) APH 17.55±8.42 16.69±11.18 0.736 MPH 24.17±13.51 20.94±12.34 0.294 PPH 6.54±8.44 7.27±11.13 0.775 LCA-2 days (°) 7.99±4.18 7.31±3.24 0.421 Height-6 months (%) APH 9.69±10.38 14.66±11.49 0.071 MPH 14.67±15.74 18.70±12.45 0.215 PPH 5.20±10.83 6.42±11.25 0.651 LCA-6 months (°) 10.26±3.59 7.64±4.15 0.008 * Height-12 months (%) APH 5.40±11.02 13.57±12.79 0.008 * MPH 11.22±15.53 17.84±12.36 0.041 * PPH 3.82±11.37 5.72±11.63 0.499 LCA-12 months (°) 10.85±3.79 7.97±3.83 0.002 * OF 4 Height-2 days (%) APH 27.66±14.41 25.49±15.20 0.559 MPH 40.99±11.41 40.37±16.76 0.871 PPH 3.85±8.39 8.69±12.52 0.090 LCA-2 days (°) 7.05±4.69 8.31±4.83 0.276 Height-6 months (%) APH 17.40±14.04 19.46±15.18 0.577 MPH 32.05±10.96 32.91±18.85 0.836 PPH 2.01±7.82 4.39±13.87 0.434 LCA-6 months (°) 9.52±4.93 8.27±4.71 0.297 Height-12 months (%) APH 15.61±13.88 19.94±15.96 0.258 MPH 30.31±12.68 33.31±19.26 0.490 PPH 0.92±9.09 3.99±14.66 0.349 LCA-12 months (°) 9.80±4.69 8.12±4.70 0.152 * p <0.05; APH, anterior portion height; LCA, local cobb angle; MPH, middle portion height; OF, osteoporotic fracture; PPH, posterior portion height; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 09 May, 2023 Read the published version in Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 20 Jan, 2023 Reviews received at journal 05 Jan, 2023 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Jan, 2023 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Dec, 2022 Reviewers invited by journal 15 Nov, 2022 Editor assigned by journal 15 Nov, 2022 Submission checks completed at journal 14 Nov, 2022 First submitted to journal 13 Nov, 2022 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2267989","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":151812009,"identity":"b0e891eb-20d3-42c5-85ad-28fdd9d32ccf","order_by":0,"name":"Zixiang Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zixiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":151812010,"identity":"0486d361-0c6c-4914-95bb-2cac3a35b3d4","order_by":1,"name":"Hanquan Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hanquan","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":151812011,"identity":"2edd8735-795c-4aa7-b659-16f873ab5ca6","order_by":2,"name":"Chenyang Zhuang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chenyang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhuang","suffix":""},{"id":151812012,"identity":"16680aec-027d-4b39-abc7-24344d789004","order_by":3,"name":"Weisin Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Weisin","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":151812013,"identity":"4a0452cd-6105-4d5e-8c69-d32b77234b9f","order_by":4,"name":"Tien-Manh Hoang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tien-Manh","middleName":"","lastName":"Hoang","suffix":""},{"id":151812014,"identity":"99d907bf-9630-4362-8acb-7d9da59ac9f5","order_by":5,"name":"Juan Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Juan","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":151812015,"identity":"b73bcaaf-4585-44bd-8628-7e3adfe1a470","order_by":6,"name":"Hong Lin","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABEElEQVRIie2QsWrDMBBATxxIi2KvDoH2F9yl7RDiX5EIeCqh0MVTMATUsWs+I2OzyQjaRd07dCgY2tVjl0Ivxu5kJ2uhenDiDvTuTgIIBP4gEQLgIeGiBGAUbfkOoMYU3iuRtL2C7f1xpWsLZ4nqFDiliInF2+JtYaafdcMe59mViKtGwXoF4sUOLxYp3PqPpZmpPGE+1/sNIk10dyBXg5M4yhQnxi35TD3ht3EqdQikWF0mMj2uTKtNw4zLSMEvWuyksuAJNSeF7RxymoJHFSe9U1zmnJT2LZfXtJ428mZQiWN/UcvCZef3z/Rjhn4srurXpljrB+EHlQOWQpd9lfYnH7vfkf1mo50DgUDg3/IDrvNQ0qJEkLUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hong","middleName":"","lastName":"Lin","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-11-13 08:59:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2267989/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2267989/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03792-8","type":"published","date":"2023-05-09T20:47:07+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":29092614,"identity":"8ed7e5a6-157d-411f-ae25-a4891f51a713","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-11-15 16:04:37","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":523285,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSchematic diagram of vertebral body morphology of the OF classification[11].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOF, osteoporotic fracture.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure1.SchematicdiagramofvertebralbodymorphologyoftheOFclassification.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2267989/v1/6b49b23b5c788e7560541e18.png"},{"id":29092616,"identity":"ceb96567-51e8-40cc-bbb1-f065e69958bf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-11-15 16:04:37","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":12602658,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eExample of radiological measurements of vertebral body before and after PVP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAPH, anterior portion height; LCA, local cobb angle; MPH, middle portion height; PPH, posterior portion height.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure2.ExampleofradiologicalmeasurementsofvertebralbodybeforeandafterPVP.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2267989/v1/cbb3fb18820e60ea6fe234b2.png"},{"id":29092615,"identity":"2a0ea008-78bc-4428-b52e-2cc83cca9701","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-11-15 16:04:37","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":2899550,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFlow chart of the enrolled patients screening.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOVCF, osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; PVP, percutaneous vertebroplasty; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure3.Flowchartoftheenrolledpatientsscreening.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2267989/v1/19867b2e477ee48f31f64c62.png"},{"id":29092922,"identity":"b1f06353-d325-4b78-aa2e-d41ae7ae569c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-11-15 16:12:37","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":22737675,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAnteroposterior and lateral vertebral body X-rays of typical cases in the T2DM group and control group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT8 fracture in the T2DM group’s typical case and L1 fracture in the control group’s typical case. \u003cstrong\u003e(A)\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003cstrong\u003e(B)\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003e(C)\u003c/strong\u003e and\u003cstrong\u003e (D)\u003c/strong\u003e for the T2DM case.\u003cstrong\u003e (E)\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003cstrong\u003e (F)\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003e(G)\u003c/strong\u003eand\u003cstrong\u003e (H)\u003c/strong\u003e for the control case.\u003cstrong\u003e (A) \u003c/strong\u003eand \u003cstrong\u003e(E)\u003c/strong\u003e Preoperation. \u003cstrong\u003e(B) \u003c/strong\u003eand\u003cstrong\u003e (F) \u003c/strong\u003e2 days after operation. \u003cstrong\u003e(C) \u003c/strong\u003eand \u003cstrong\u003e(G)\u003c/strong\u003e 6 months after operation.\u003cstrong\u003e (D)\u003c/strong\u003e and\u003cstrong\u003e (H) \u003c/strong\u003e12 months after operations. T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure4.AnteroposteriorandlateralvertebralbodyXraysoftypicalcasesinT2DMgroupandcontrolgroup.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2267989/v1/4c64ad2412437f832286139c.png"},{"id":44728403,"identity":"d920bf6d-f23b-419b-b71a-9b319952dd17","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-10-16 21:03:04","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3119374,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2267989/v1/ee46bdab-3d60-45c4-936a-34eabadbbb3c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the prognosis of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with OF classification after vertebroplasty","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eOsteoporosis (OP) is a common systemic and metabolic disease characterized by decreased bone mass, altered bone microarchitecture, and weakened biomechanical properties. With the intensification of the aging phenomenon in China, the prevalence of OP has gradually increased, reaching 32.0% of the population over the age of 65, ranking first in the world[1]. The prevalence of various complications has also increased. Osteoporotic fractures caused by mild external forces are most common, mainly occurring in the spine and hip, and the number of new cases in the United States exceeds 1.5 million each year[1]. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture\u0026nbsp;(OVCF) often occurs in the thoracic and lumbar spine, which can cause severe back pain, muscle spasm and atrophy, kyphosis, and respiratory dysfunction.\u0026nbsp;27.8% of women over the age of 70 in China would suffer from OVCF[2]. The mortality rate of women over 65 years old with OVCF is 23% higher than that of the control group, and it increases with the number of fractured vertebrae[3]. Although conservative treatment can relieve pain in some patients, percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) has been one of the more common treatments for OVCF in the past three decades, which provides rapid pain relief through minimally invasive methods. And it could stabilize fractures, restore mechanical strength of the vertebral body, prevent further compression and help patients recommence normal activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eType 2 diabetes mellitus\u0026nbsp;(T2DM) accounts for more than 90% among all diabetes patients. According to the estimates by the\u0026nbsp;International Diabetes Federation, the total number of people with diabetes between the ages of 20 and 79 in the world has reached 426 million in 2019, of which China, the country with the largest number, accounts for 140 million[4, 5]. With the function of pancreatic \u0026beta;-cells progressively damaged, chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance could cause polydipsia, polyuria and polyphagia. Metabolic disorders in long-term result in different complications of various organs such as kidneys, bones, feet, eyes, and heart. Previous experiments have shown that T2DM can promote the progression of OP by disrupting the balance of osteogenesis, forming an inflammatory and reactive oxygen species microenvironment, interfering with the metabolism of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, and inhibiting bone microvascular blood supply[6, 7]. Clinical studies by Hofbauer et al. proved that T2DM and osteoporotic fractures have a synergistic effect. Patients with OP and T2DM have a significantly increased risk of falling. And the risk of fracture is 4 times that of the normal population, and the risk of OVCF is 1.35 times that of the normal population[8, 9]. Chen further demonstrated that T2DM is a risk factor for adjacent vertebral fractures in OVCF patients after vertebroplasty[10]. In addition, high blood glucose may lead to infection, wound complications, etc. However, there is no previous study to evaluate the prognosis of clinical symptoms and vertebral body morphology in patients with OVCF and T2DM after PVP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe OF (osteoporotic fracture) classification of OVCF is a relatively new preoperative grading method, which was published in 2018 by the German Society for Orthopedics and Trauma for the first time[11]. It classifies fractured vertebral bodies into grades 1-5 according to biomechanical stability and morphological changes (Figure 1), which is easier to utilize and easier to distinguish morphologies than previous grading systems[11]. Although the authors have given recommendations of treatment for all levels in the literature, the prognostic value of OF classification is still unclear, and its clinical value is limited.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, this original research retrospectively analyzed the prognostic effects of T2DM on the clinic and radiology of OVCF patients after PVP, focusing on changes in the height and angle of fractured vertebrae, subjective pain assessment and complications. We aim to indicate the efficacy of PVP surgery in diabetic patients and to preliminarily study the prognostic significance of OF classification, which would help clinicians to provide standardized and comprehensive therapeutic schedules for patients.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials And Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis retrospective cohort study included baseline data, laboratory and imaging data, and was approved by the institutional review board and independent ethics committee of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. All eligible participants in the study gave written informed consent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Patients\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe included patients with OVCF who received PVP in the Department of Orthopedics of our hospital from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2021. The enrolled patients were included in the T2DM group according to their past T2DM history or two fasting plasma glucose \u0026ge;7.0 mmol/L on different days, and the rest of the patients were included in the control group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) PVP for acute thoracic or/and lumbar OVCF caused by minor trauma or falling from height not above normal standing; (2) diagnosis of OP by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with T-score of -2.5 or lower at lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total hip, or previous history of OVCF, proximal femoral fracture, or other fragility fracture[12]; (3) 50 years old \u0026le; age \u0026le; 90 years old.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) trauma caused by severe violence, such as car accident, fall from high place, etc.; (2) other non-OVCF fractures; (3) long-term or recent use of heparin, anti-OP drugs, glucocorticoids or other drugs that may affect bone metabolism; (4) chronic liver/renal insufficiency or malignant tumors and other diseases that may affect bone metabolism; (5) have received other spinal surgery within 6 months; (6) preoperative baseline measurements suggest abnormal blood calcium level: lower than 2.00mmol/L or greater than 2.75mmol/L, or abnormal 25-hydroxyvitamin D level: \u0026lt;15ng/mL; (7) Because previous studies have shown that the imaging results of chronic OVCF are significantly worse than the acute, patients with no apparent onset of symptoms within 6 weeks prior to surgery were excluded to reduce bias[13, 14].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Surgery and post-operative care\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll eligible patients were operated on by the same surgical team and the same chief surgeon. PVP procedures for the treatment of OVCF lesions were performed according to the standard surgical procedure in previous literature[15]. The full set of medical equipment was provided by Huakerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe patient was placed in the prone position and then under local infiltration anesthesia with 1% lidocaine. The fractured vertebra was located by C-arm X-ray imaging. 0.5-1 cm lateral to the projection at the body surface of the pedicle was marked for the puncture point. A longitudinal incision was used to penetrate the puncture needle into the vertebral body from the upper outer quadrant of the pedicle. The front and lateral fluoroscopic monitoring of the compressed vertebral body is performed during the period, to ensure that the puncture needle is always in the pedicle and to avoid penetrating out of the vertebral body. When the needle enters the middle and posterior third of the vertebral body, the needle core is removed and the cannula is inserted in a limited direction to make the distal end to the opposite side of the vertebral body. After the inner sheath is slowly withdrawn, the toothpaste-like liquid bone cement polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is gradually injected through the cannula and withdrawn. The amount and injection speed of bone cement accord to the site and the extent of the lesion. Under the monitoring of C-arm, we stop the injection when PMMA reaches the posterior wall of the vertebral body, to ensure that there\u0026rsquo;s no leakage to the spinal canal or anterior gap. Patients should keep the prone position for at least 15 minutes until the puncture needle was pulled out after the bone cement solidifies. If the bone cement enters the spinal canal, intervertebral disc or intervertebral foramen during the injection, stop the operation immediately.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRoutine postoperative management included dressing change on the first postoperative day, and anteroposterior and lateral spine X-ray examinations on the second day, the sixth month, and the twelfth month after surgery. No oral or intravenous analgesics were routinely administered. Heavy physical labor such as lifting was prohibited for 6 months after surgery. In addition, throughout the follow-up, all participants received oral calcitriol 0.25 \u0026mu;g/d and calcium 1000 mg/d as the basic treatment for OP, and patients were encouraged to get more sunshine exposure and increase outdoor sports. According to the blood examination results of bone metabolism and economic conditions of the enrolled patients, different anti-OP drugs were administered after surgery, such as, teriparatide (subcutaneous injection, 20 \u0026mu;g/day, once a day, Eli Lilly, USA) was administered for at least 6 consecutive months; or zoledronic acid aqueous solution (intravenous infusion, 5 mg/time, once a year, Novartis, USA) was applied on the third day after surgery for at least 15 minutes; or denosumab (subcutaneous injection, 60 \u0026mu;g/time, once every 6 months, Amgen, USA) was administered.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Clinical data\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBaseline characteristics including gender, age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), chronic diseases such as diabetes or hypertension, mean perioperative fasting blood glucose, preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), operative segment and segment amount were recorded. Intraoperative information, such as operative time, intraoperative blood loss and bone cement injection volume was also recorded. Oral antidiabetic drug regimens or insulin regimens were recorded in patients with T2DM. The visual analogue scale (VAS) ranges from 0 to 10 for grading low back pain, with higher scores representing more severe pain. The Oswestry disability index (ODI) ranges from 0 to 50, used to assess the neurological function and severity of symptoms, with higher scores representing more severe pain and dysfunction. These two clinical parameters were assessed before PVP and at 2 days, 6 months, and 12 months after PVP. Complications such as nerve root injury, spinal cord injury, allergy, spinal infection and pulmonary embolism were observed and recorded if happened.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Radiological evaluation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on lateral vertebral X-rays, two spine surgeons unrelated to the operation independently assessed the imaging parameters of each enrolled patient before PVP and 2 days, 6 months, and 12 months after PVP. The data includes the anterior, middle and posterior portion heights (APH, MPH and PPH) of the fractured vertebral body and its upper and lower unfractured adjacent vertebrae, as well as the local cobb angle (LCA) of the fractured vertebral body. To minimize the risk of bias, statistical analyses were performed using the mean measurements from the two spine surgeons. The original relative height of each portion of the fractured vertebral body was calculated as the average height of each portion of the nearest upper and lower non-fractured vertebral bodies. Then, the height difference of each portion and local cobb angle of the fractured vertebral body before and after the operation were calculated. The lost percentage of height is calculated as: height loss (%)=(original height-preoperative height)/original height*100%, and the percentage of height recovery is calculated as: height recovery (%)=(postoperative height-preoperative height)/original height*100% to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty on OVCF and to compare the difference in prognosis between the T2DM group and the control group. An example of the height of each portion and angle measurement is shown in Figure 2. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by DXA (Hologic Discovery A device, Bedford, USA) preoperatively or on the second postoperative day. Due to the interference of bone cement in some patients, the mean BMD of the unoperated lumbar vertebrae or hip joints was used to evaluate the bone quality of patients after surgery. During the whole postoperative period, complications such as bone cement leakage, refracture of other vertebral bodies and corresponding imaging examinations were observed and analyzed if happened.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Statistical analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll statistical analyses were performed on the SPSS software (22.0, IBM corp., Armonk, USA). All continuous variable results were displayed in the form of mean \u0026plusmn; standard deviation. Paired \u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e-test was used to compare the changes of clinical and imaging indexes in each group before and after treatment. Continuous variables such as baseline characteristics, BMD, VAS, ODI, vertebral height and local cobb angle were compared between the two groups by independent \u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e-test, along with the subgroup analysis OF classification. One-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were used to compare the prognostic value of OF classification. Pearson\u0026apos;s chi-square test and Fisher\u0026apos;s exact test were used to compare categorical variables such as gender, fracture part, and complications between the two groups. The rank sum test was used to compare multiple ordinal categorical variables between the two groups, such as the number of cases with different amounts of fracture segments, the number of vertebral bodies with different OF grades, etc. Based on two-sided 95% confidence intervals, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.05 was set as statistical significance.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Baseline characteristics of the enrolled population\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of 850 patients who underwent PVP surgery between January 1, 2016 and June 30, 2021, a total of 216 patients with OVCF were eventually included in this study for further analysis (Figure 3). Table 1 demonstrated the demographic characteristics, surgical information, and fracture segments of the enrolled patients, which included 57 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM group) and 159 control patients without diabetes (control group). Gender, age, height, weight, BMI, T-value of perioperative BMD, the prevalence of hypertension, the prevalence of coronary heart disease, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and amount of bone cement injected into each segment showed no statistical significance between the two groups (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026gt;0.05). During hospitalization, the fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c in the T2DM group were 8.48\u0026plusmn;2.12mmol/L and 8.16\u0026plusmn;1.75%, respectively, while the blood glucose and HbA1c in the control group were 5.49\u0026plusmn;0.99mmol/L and 5.64\u0026plusmn;1.03%, respectively. The differences between the two groups were significant (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001). A total of 261 compression fracture segments underwent PVP treatment in this study, including 48 cases of single-segment fractures, 7 cases of double-segment fractures, and 2 cases of three-segment fractures in the T2DM group, with 4 thoracic vertebrae (T5-T10), 48 thoracolumbar vertebrae (T11-L2), and 16 lumbar vertebrae (L3-L5). In the control group, there were 130 single-segment fractures, 25 double-segment fractures, 3 three-segment fractures, and 1 four-segment fracture, with 15 thoracic vertebrae, 127 thoracolumbar vertebrae, and 51 lumbar vertebrae. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Moreover, no adverse events or serious adverse events, such as palpitations, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, malaise, and death, were observed or recorded after operation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Clinical outcomes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 209 (96.76%) among the 216 patients returned to their activity level before fracture on postoperative day 2, and 100% returned to full activity on postoperative day 5. On the second day after PVP, the mean VAS of patients in the T2DM group decreased from 7.54 \u0026plusmn; 1.61 to 3.01 \u0026plusmn; 1.36, and the mean ODI decreased from 38.09 \u0026plusmn; 4.77 to 21.39 \u0026plusmn; 2.73. The mean VAS of the control group decreased from 7.62 \u0026plusmn; 1.42 to 3.05 \u0026plusmn; 1.27, and the mean ODI decreased from 37.39\u0026plusmn;4.22 to 21.81\u0026plusmn;3.10. Therefore, the clinical symptom scores of low back pain in both groups were significantly lower than those before operation (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001), and there were statistical differences between 6 months and 12 months after PVP (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001). The clinical symptom scores of the two groups at 6 and 12 months after surgery were also significantly lower than those on the second day after surgery (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001). Besides, there were no statistically significant differences in VAS and ODI before PVP or at any three postoperative time points between groups (Table 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Comparison of radiological results of T2DM group and control group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 261 OVCF segments were included in this research, including 68 in the T2DM group and 193 in the control group. The anteroposterior and lateral film of the typical cases of the two groups before surgery, 2 days after surgery, 6 months after surgery and 12 months after surgery are shown in Figure 4 (T8 fracture in the T2DM group\u0026rsquo;s typical case and L1 fracture in the control group\u0026rsquo;s typical case). The image measurement results of the two evaluators were generally reliable, with an intraclass correlation coefficient between 0.86 and 0.99 (95% confidence interval, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001) for the height of each portion of the vertebral body and an intraclass correlation coefficient between 0.87 and 0.96 (95% confidence interval, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001) for LCA.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaired \u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e-test showed that the APH, MPH, PPH and LCA of the fractured vertebral bodies in the T2DM group and the control group were significantly improved on the second day, the sixth month, and the twelfth month after surgery compared with those before surgery (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001). As shown in\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eTable 3, the independent \u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e-test revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of height loss and LCA of each vertebral body between the T2DM group and the control group before PVP. The anterior portion and the middle portion in the T2DM group indicated a trend of slightly more compression than that of the control group, which were 27.45\u0026plusmn;15.37% and 36.98\u0026plusmn;13.02%, respectively. And they were 26.01\u0026plusmn;14.62% and 35.80\u0026plusmn;15.70% in the control group, both lower than those of the T2DM group. The LCA of 11.84\u0026plusmn;7.06\u0026deg; in the T2DM group was greater than that of the control group, 10.25\u0026plusmn;6.25\u0026deg;. Correspondingly, on the second day after operation, the correction of vertebral height produced by vertebroplasty in the T2DM group was also slightly greater than that in the control group. The APH recoveries were 19.49\u0026plusmn;13.51% and 16.25\u0026plusmn;13.72% in the respective group, and the MPH recovery were 30.71\u0026plusmn;15.30% and 28.63\u0026plusmn;16.80%, respectively. But there was no significant difference in the height recovery and LCA between the two groups. At 6 months after PVP, however, the vertebral LCA of T2DM patients was significantly larger than that of control patients (8.29 \u0026plusmn; 4.90\u0026deg; vs 6.05 \u0026plusmn; 5.18\u0026deg;, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.002). The \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e values of the APH, MPH and PPH contrasts were all greater than 0.05. At 12 months after surgery, the two groups showed significant differences in all radiological measurements except PPH. The APH in the T2DM group restored 8.13 \u0026plusmn; 12.90%, which was less than the recovery amount of 12.51 \u0026plusmn; 14.92% in the control group (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.032). The height recovery of the MPH in the T2DM group (19.07\u0026plusmn;16.47%) was less than that in the control group (24.63\u0026plusmn;17.67%, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.024). And the LCA in the T2DM group was 8.87\u0026plusmn;4.71\u0026deg;, greater than that in the control group (6.18\u0026plusmn;5.04\u0026deg;, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Complications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo nerve root injury, spinal cord injury, allergy, spinal infection or pulmonary embolism occurred during the entire follow-up. 3 cases of bone cement leakage occurred in the T2DM group, involving 3 vertebral bodies as T12, L1, and L1. 2 cases were type-C leakage, which leaked along the cortical defect to the upper intervertebral disc, and 1 case belonged to type-S leaking around the vertebral body. In the control group, there were 5 patients with bone cement leakage, involving 5 vertebral bodies: T7, T12, T12, L1 and L3. Among them, 3 cases were type-C leakage, and 2 cases were type-B leakage with the PMMA leaking along the vertebral basilar vein to the posterior border. Fisher\u0026apos;s exact test demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the incidence of bone cement leakage between the two groups (Table 4, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.438). There were 3 cases of new vertebral fractures other than the primary OVCF segment in the T2DM group, all of which were adjacent segment fractures, accounting for 5.3%. The shortest interval between the initial and the secondary was 3 months, and the longest interval was 13 months. There were 12 cases of new vertebral fractures in the control group, accounting for 7.5%, consisting of 6 cases of adjacent vertebrae and 6 cases of non-adjacent vertebrae fractures. The shortest interval was 2 months, and the longest interval was 47 months. All cases of new vertebral fracture in both groups were single-segment fractures, and there was no significant difference between the groups (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.764).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. The prognostic effect of OF classification on vertebral body height and cobb angle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the preoperative fractures\u0026rsquo; morphology of OF classification in Figure 1, among all 261 OVCF vertebral segments, there were 96 (36.8%) OF 2 vertebral bodies, 90 (34.5%) OF 3 vertebral bodies, and 75 (28.7%) OF 4 vertebral bodies. There were no OF grades 1 and 5 fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne-way ANOVA in Table 5 indicated that three different OF grades had statistically significant differences in the APH and MPH recovery and LCA of the vertebral body at 2 days, 6 months, and 12 months after PVP (except for \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.001 for MPH at 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001 for the rest). However, there was no significant difference in the percentage of PPH recovery of the vertebral body (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026gt;0.05). In Table 6, the post-hoc analysis further verified the rehabilitative outcome of APH. OF grade 4 was better than OF grade 3, and OF grade 3 was better than OF grade 2, which was proved at all three time points after surgery (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.05). The APH correction ratios of OF grade 2, 3, and 4 were 10.17\u0026plusmn;11.17%, 16.91\u0026plusmn;10.50%, and 26.18\u0026plusmn;14.89% two days after the operation, respectively. The restoration effect of the MPH was different from that of APH. OF grade 4 was better than OF grade 2, and OF grade 2 was better than OF grade 3, which was also proved at the three postoperative time points (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.05). The proportions were 27.22\u0026plusmn;15.82%, 21.76\u0026plusmn;12.65%, and 40.57\u0026plusmn;15.18% for OF 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Compared with OF grade 4, OF grade 2 showed a significantly smaller LCA of the fractured vertebral body after surgery (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.05). It also showed similar statistical results compared with OF grade 3 (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.05). Nevertheless, the prognosis of LCA of OF grade 3 and 4 was not significantly different.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. OF subgroup analysis of the influence of T2DM on the prognosis of vertebral body height and cobb angle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs shown in\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eTable 7, among the 68 OVCF vertebrae in the T2DM group, 21 (30.9%) were classified as OF grade 2, 23 (33.8%) were classified as OF grade 3, and 24 (35.3%) as OF grade 4. Among the 193 OVCF vertebrae in the control group, the number of vertebral bodies in OF grade 2, OF grade 3, and OF grade 4 were 75 (38.9%), 67 (34.7%), and 51 (26.4%), respectively. The proportion of OF grade 2 in the T2DM group was smaller than that of the control group, and the proportion of OF grade 4 was greater than that of the control group. But the rank sum test showed that there was no significant difference in the composition of OF grades between the two groups (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.141).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparing the T2DM group with the control group within the OF subgroup (Table 8), the OF grade 2 recovered less only in the percentage of MPH (14.82\u0026plusmn;14.71% vs 24.78\u0026plusmn;18.16%, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.023) and LCA (5.65\u0026plusmn;4.06\u0026deg; vs 3.26\u0026plusmn;4.86\u0026deg;, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.043) at 12 months postoperatively during the follow-up period. OF grade 3 not only recovered less in the anterior and middle parts at 12 months after surgery (APH: 5.40\u0026plusmn;11.02% VS 13.57\u0026plusmn;12.79%,\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;P\u003c/em\u003e=0.008; MPH: 11.22\u0026plusmn;15.53% VS 17.84\u0026plusmn;12.36%, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.041), but there was a significant difference of T2DM patients in LCA at 6 months after operation (10.26\u0026plusmn;3.59\u0026deg;VS 7.64\u0026plusmn;4.15\u0026deg;, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.008) and 12 months after operation (10.85\u0026plusmn;3.79\u0026deg;VS 7.97\u0026plusmn;3.83\u0026deg;, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.002), compared with the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the radiographic outcome of the OF grade 4 vertebrae between the T2DM group and the control group.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study retrospectively analyzed 216 OVCF patients in our hospital from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2021, to compare the vertebral height restoration and local cobb angle of compression fractures, subjective pain symptoms and incidence of complications after PVP in T2DM patients and controls. Additionally, subgroups according to the OF classification were analyzed. The results illustrated that PVP surgery can quickly and significantly relieve the symptoms of low back pain and help early functional recovery. Besides, it can effectively restore the height and angle of the lost part of the compressed vertebral body, and rehabilitate the biomechanical stability. Compared with the general population, the degree of compression of the fractured vertebra and the degree of recovery of the height and angle obtained immediately after surgery were not different for T2DM patients. However, the LCA was worse than that of the control since the sixth month after surgery. And the surgical benefit of the APH and MPH was worse from 12 months after PVP. There was no difference in the complications of PVP surgery between the two groups. In terms of preoperative OF classification, OF 4 have a larger LCA after operation than OF 2, but there is no difference with OF 3. The postoperative rehabilitative outcome of the APH in OF 4 is better than OF 3, and OF 3 is better than OF 2. As for MPH, OF 4 is better than OF 2, and OF 2 is better than OF 3. The subgroup analysis of OF classification between T2DM patients and the control showed that there was no difference in the quantity distribution of OVCF types at all levels of OF. In respect of MPH and LCA, it\u0026rsquo;s worth noting that the morphology of OF 2 vertebral bodies in T2DM patients was worse than that of the general population at 12 months postoperatively. In OF 3 vertebral bodies, T2DM patients were worse than the general population in LCA at 6 months after surgery, and in the degree of APH and MPH recovery and LCA at 12 months after surgery. However, there was no difference in the radiological outcomes of OF 4 between the two populations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis article confirmed the rapid and significant curative effect of PVP in the measurement of the height and angle of the lateral spine X-ray on the second postoperative day in Table 3. Furthermore, a total of 12-month follow-up period reflected the good mid-term maintenance efficacy of the PVP on the vertebral morphology. The further plan for the research is to collect the imaging data for the long-term maintenance effect of 5 years after surgery. The included population all received unilateral PVP because of its less trauma, shorter operation time, lower probability of nerve injury complications, lower radiational exposure of patients and medical staff, and lower leakage rate of bone cement compared with bilateral PVP. Moreover, a previous meta-analysis with 876 patients suggested that the unilateral approach bringing about pain alleviation and vertebral height and LCA correction, had no significant difference from bilateral puncture, but with a lower risk of PMMA leakage[16].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bone damage in T2DM originates from many mechanisms. The basic research of Botolin et al. and the clinical investigation of Jehle et al. discovered that both type 1 and 2 DM were capable of inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells and increase fat accumulation to inhibit bone remodeling, thereby reducing bone intensity and giving rise to the impairment in density and microstructure[17, 18]. A prospective research with 9654 patients suggested that whether because of insulin insufficiency or resistance, immoderately high blood glucose levels can reduce osteocalcin and impair the bone synthesis capacity of osteoblasts, thereby reducing BMD and significantly increasing the risk of osteoporotic fracture[19]. Apart from that, insulin resistance in such patients can lead to the decreased sensitivity of stem cell surface receptors to cytokines and the inhibition of the binding of osteoblast surface receptors to insulin, which in turn reduces the production of alkaline phosphatase from osteoblasts, which also impairs its activity causing lower bone intensity[20]. Under the continuous influence of high glucose and high advanced glycation end products microenvironment, the separation degree of trabecular bone is significantly increased and the structure gets hypertrophic, which further affects the bone strength. It may be the reason why the morphological prognosis of spinal cancellous bone gradually lags behind the general population[21]. Since bone microvessels are vital supply channels for nutrition, research on vascular holes in bone tissue can indicate the nutritional status of bone, the susceptibility to fractures and the healing ability to fractures, the latter being more important for postoperative patients. Microangiopathy in T2DM is usually not only manifested in retina and kidney, but also degenerates blood vessels in bone tissue, with its cortical bone volume thickness damaged and porosity increased more significantly[22]. However, there is yet no conclusion whether it is due to the degeneration of the blood vessels from diabetes itself damaging the bone tissue, or the bone degeneration caused by OP first causes the reduction of microvascular cavities, further leading to the impairment of the prognosis. The initiating factors were not clearly identified, but the synergistic relationship between the T2DM and the occurrence and prognosis of OVCF as mentioned above was confirmed[23]. Compared with the control group, the LCA of the fractured vertebrae of the T2DM patients began to escalate since the sixth month after PVP, and the recovery of APH and MPH was worse since the twelfth month after PVP. The APH, MPH and LCA of the vertebral body in this group showed a trend of continuous damage during the prognostic follow-up period. This conclusion could be mutually confirmed by studies mentioned above, suggesting that T2DM still has damage to the vertebral cortex and cancellous microstructure in patients after surgery. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in a mouse model of T2DM indicated the following results: trabecular bone increased in thickness but decreased in amount, in consequence of increased trabecular bone separation, reduced volume fraction, and decreased mechanical stability[23]. Clinically, although the trabecular bone in the T2DM group was thicker in structure, the amount was significantly reduced than that in the control group of the same age[24]. Partially different from it, after adjusting for BMI, age, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, Farr showed no significant difference in BMD and trabecular microstructure between T2DM patients and controls, but decreased cortical bone thickness, increased porosity, and decreased bone intensity. The mean HbA1c level in the past 10 years was negatively correlated with bone intensity[25]. The conclusions of these previous clinical studies may explain why the vertebral body still has a minor degree of compression deformation in the anterior and middle parts after PVP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst published by the German Society for Orthopedics and Trauma in 2018, the OF classification has solid interobserver reliability with \u0026kappa;=0.63. Compared with the previous Genant semi-quantitative grading system and the Sugita prognostic classification system, it is easier to utilize and easier to distinguish the fractured shape in clinic, and has given treatment recommendations for each grade[11]. Whereas, its prognostic value is unclear. Palmowski\u0026apos;s immediate postoperative imaging analysis confirmed that the subgroup of patients with higher preoperative OF grade showed higher postoperative benefits in terms of radiological parameters after vertebroplasty[26]. It also proved that OF classification is an appropriate tool for sorting vertebral fractures and is a crucial factor to consider when deciding whether to treat conservatively or surgically[26]. Compared with the report, this subject extended the follow-up period to 12 months, and the study of OF classification reached similar but not completely equivalent conclusions. It was found that the PVP benefit for APH was OF 4\u0026gt;OF 3\u0026gt;OF 2, while the benefit of the MPH was OF 4\u0026gt;OF 2\u0026gt;OF 3. The LCA of OF 2 was always smaller than that of OF 3 and 4 from preoperative to 12 months after operation, while the LCA of OF 3 and OF 4 did not differ postoperatively. This conclusion is highly correlated with the preoperative morphology and mechanical stability when grading. In the subgroup analysis of T2DM patients, the recovery of the MPH of OF 2 was worse than that of the general population from 12 months after operation, and the recovery of both the APH and MPH of OF 3 got worse from 12 months after operation. It suggested that, for these two grades, T2DM has a negative influence on the prognostic repair of the fractured area. However, in OF 4, no prognostic differences in vertebral morphology and clinical symptoms were found between T2DM patients and the general population, probably due to the fact that the degree of compressive injury was more severe than that of OF 2 and 3, and the 1-year follow-up could merely distinguish the benefit of PVP in two groups. To date, there was no study reporting the prognostic significance of OF classification in short- or long-term. And in response to these results, we plan to include the vertebral body X-ray morphology and clinical symptoms of OVCF patients in the fifth year after PVP, in order to obtain longer-term and more accurate results of the prognostic impact of T2DM on such patients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComplications after PVP include nerve root injury, bone cement leakage, bone cement allergy, recurrent vertebral fracture, spinal infection, pulmonary embolism, etc. Only bone cement leakage and new vertebral fracture were observed in the enrolled population. Ren\u0026apos;s investigation demonstrated that bone cement viscosity, infusion volume, vertebral body wall injury, and history of lung disease were risk factors for the cement leakage[27]. Although the proportion of PMMA leakage in the T2DM group was higher than that in the control group (5.3% VS 3.1%), there was no significant difference between the groups. Besides, no study has suggested that T2DM was a risk factor for cement leakage after PVP. This study has not yet found relevant influencing factors. Such a result may be since the injection of bone cement is quite dependent on the surgeon\u0026apos;s technique and experience. In Chen\u0026rsquo;s retrospective study, he reached similar conclusions to the previous scholars on the risk factors of bone cement leakage, and illustrated that diabetes and the change of LCA after PKP is positively correlated with the postoperative adjacent vertebral fractures[10]. The recurrence rate of OVCF in this research was relatively low, with 5.3% in the T2DM group, and there was no difference between the groups. It may be because the routine recommendation for each patient by our doctors to have a balanced diet, regularly monitor and control blood glucose, take DXA examination once a year, receive daily oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and anti-OP therapy administering with zoledronic acid or teriparatide or denosumab according to the bone metabolism results and economic condition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study has certain limitations. Although there might not be obvious changes in vertebral body morphology in the long-term without violent trauma, the 12-month follow-up time of this prognostic study still needs an extension, and the long-term efficacy of PVP needs further research. Additionally, the data on bone metabolism, blood glucose, and HbA1c were incomplete during the postoperative follow-up period, resulting in unclear glycemic control during follow-up and an inability to compare with perioperative levels. Last but not least, the specific anti-OP regimens of each patient are inconsistent according to their characteristics, which may affect the prognosis of vertebral morphology and clinical symptoms.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003ePVP can effectively relieve the symptoms of low back pain in patients with OVCF, contributing to early functional recovery. The degree of fractured vertebral body compression and the recovery of the height and angle obtained immediately after surgery in T2DM patients were not different from those in the general population. However, the vertebral body morphology of T2DM patients was worse than the general population since the sixth month after surgery. OF classification has a good prognostic reference value in morphology. The shape of OF 2 and 3 in T2DM patients was worse than that of the general population from 12 and 6 months respectively after surgery, and the shape of OF 4 has no difference from the general population within 12 months after surgery. Orthopedic surgeons should instruct T2DM patients to routinely monitor and control blood glucose, and give standardized individualized anti-osteoporosis regimens.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAPH, anterior portion height; BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; LCA, local cobb angle; MPH, middle portion height; ODI, Oswestry disability index; OF, osteoporotic fracture; OP, osteoporosis; OVCF, osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; PMMA, polymethyl methacrylate; PPH, posterior portion height; PVP, percutaneous vertebroplasty; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; VAS, visual analogue scale.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study methods were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional review board and independent ethics committee of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. All eligible participants in the study gave written informed consent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll the participants involving individual\u0026rsquo;s radiological data gave the consent for publication.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDe-identified laboratory and radiological data of all the included patients can be available upon reasonable request from qualified academic investigators by contacting the e-mail of the corresponding author and stating the purpose of reuse.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was supported by the Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai (Grant number: GWV-10.2-XD11) and Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant Number: 21ZR1455800).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch design: ZX Wang, HQ Wang, H Lin, J Li, etc.; collection of data: CY Zhuang, TM Hoang, etc.; analysis and interpretation of data: ZX Wang, J Li, etc.; drafting and revision of paper: ZX Wang, HQ Wang, H Lin, etc. All authors gave final approval of the version to be published, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJohnell O, Kanis JA: \u003cstrong\u003eAn estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA \u003c/em\u003e2006, \u003cstrong\u003e17\u003c/strong\u003e(12):1726-1733.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLing X, Cummings SR, Mingwei Q, Xihe Z, Xioashu C, Nevitt M, Stone K: \u003cstrong\u003eVertebral fractures in Beijing, China: the Beijing Osteoporosis Project\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJournal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research \u003c/em\u003e2000, \u003cstrong\u003e15\u003c/strong\u003e(10):2019-2025.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeary RF, Bono CM: \u003cstrong\u003eMetastatic spinal tumors\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eNeurosurgical focus \u003c/em\u003e2001, \u003cstrong\u003e11\u003c/strong\u003e(6):e1.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSaeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, Colagiuri S, Guariguata L, Motala AA, Ogurtsova K\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eGlobal and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9(th) edition\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eDiabetes research and clinical practice \u003c/em\u003e2019, \u003cstrong\u003e157\u003c/strong\u003e:107843.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eXu Y, Wang L, He J, Bi Y, Li M, Wang T, Wang L, Jiang Y, Dai M, Lu J\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003ePrevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJama \u003c/em\u003e2013, \u003cstrong\u003e310\u003c/strong\u003e(9):948-959.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCortet B, Lucas S, Legroux-Gerot I, Penel G, Chauveau C, Paccou J: \u003cstrong\u003eBone disorders associated with diabetes mellitus and its treatments\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJoint bone spine \u003c/em\u003e2019, \u003cstrong\u003e86\u003c/strong\u003e(3):315-320.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSchacter GI, Leslie WD: \u003cstrong\u003eDiabetes and Osteoporosis: Part I, Epidemiology and Pathophysiology\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEndocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America \u003c/em\u003e2021, \u003cstrong\u003e50\u003c/strong\u003e(2):275-285.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHofbauer LC, Lecka-Czernik B, Seibel MJ: \u003cstrong\u003eSweet and brittle - Diabetes mellitus and the skeleton\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eBone \u003c/em\u003e2016, \u003cstrong\u003e82\u003c/strong\u003e:1.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKoromani F, Oei L, Shevroja E, Trajanoska K, Schoufour J, Muka T, Franco OH, Ikram MA, Zillikens MC, Uitterlinden AG\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eVertebral Fractures in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: More Than Skeletal Complications Alone\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eDiabetes care \u003c/em\u003e2020, \u003cstrong\u003e43\u003c/strong\u003e(1):137-144.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen C, Fan P, Xie X, Wang Y: \u003cstrong\u003eRisk Factors for Cement Leakage and Adjacent Vertebral Fractures in Kyphoplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eClin Spine Surg \u003c/em\u003e2020, \u003cstrong\u003e33\u003c/strong\u003e(6):E251-e255.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSchnake KJ, Blattert TR, Hahn P, Franck A, Hartmann F, Ullrich B, Verheyden A, M\u0026ouml;rk S, Zimmermann V, Gonschorek O\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eClassification of Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures: Recommendations of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU)\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eGlobal spine journal \u003c/em\u003e2018, \u003cstrong\u003e8\u003c/strong\u003e(2 Suppl):46s-49s.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQaseem A, Forciea MA, McLean RM, Denberg TD: \u003cstrong\u003eTreatment of Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures in Men and Women: A Clinical Practice Guideline Update From the American College of Physicians\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eAnnals of internal medicine \u003c/em\u003e2017, \u003cstrong\u003e166\u003c/strong\u003e(11):818-839.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTakahashi S, Hoshino M, Terai H, Toyoda H, Suzuki A, Tamai K, Watanabe K, Tsujio T, Yasuda H, Kono H\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eDifferences in short-term clinical and radiological outcomes depending on timing of balloon kyphoplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fracture\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJournal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association \u003c/em\u003e2018, \u003cstrong\u003e23\u003c/strong\u003e(1):51-56.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhou X, Meng X, Zhu H, Zhu Y, Yuan W: \u003cstrong\u003eEarly versus late percutaneous kyphoplasty for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: A retrospective study\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eClinical neurology and neurosurgery \u003c/em\u003e2019, \u003cstrong\u003e180\u003c/strong\u003e:101-105.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHurley MC, Kaakaji R, Dabus G, Shaibani A, Walker MT, Fessler RG, Bendok BR: \u003cstrong\u003ePercutaneous vertebroplasty\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eNeurosurgery clinics of North America \u003c/em\u003e2009, \u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e(3):341-359.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen H, Tang P, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Wang Y: \u003cstrong\u003eUnilateral versus bilateral balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eOrthopedics \u003c/em\u003e2014, \u003cstrong\u003e37\u003c/strong\u003e(9):e828-835.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBotolin S, Faugere MC, Malluche H, Orth M, Meyer R, McCabe LR: \u003cstrong\u003eIncreased bone adiposity and peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 expression in type I diabetic mice\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEndocrinology \u003c/em\u003e2005, \u003cstrong\u003e146\u003c/strong\u003e(8):3622-3631.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJehle PM, Jehle DR, Mohan S, B\u0026ouml;hm BO: \u003cstrong\u003eSerum levels of insulin-like growth factor system components and relationship to bone metabolism in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eThe Journal of endocrinology \u003c/em\u003e1998, \u003cstrong\u003e159\u003c/strong\u003e(2):297-306.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSchwartz AV, Sellmeyer DE, Ensrud KE, Cauley JA, Tabor HK, Schreiner PJ, Jamal SA, Black DM, Cummings SR: \u003cstrong\u003eOlder women with diabetes have an increased risk of fracture: a prospective study\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism \u003c/em\u003e2001, \u003cstrong\u003e86\u003c/strong\u003e(1):32-38.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGarbossa SG, Folli F: \u003cstrong\u003eVitamin D, sub-inflammation and insulin resistance. A window on a potential role for the interaction between bone and glucose metabolism\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eReviews in endocrine \u0026amp; metabolic disorders \u003c/em\u003e2017, \u003cstrong\u003e18\u003c/strong\u003e(2):243-258.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePatsch JM, Rasul S, Huber FA, Leitner K, Thomas A, Kocijan R, Boutroy S, Weber M, Resch H, Kainberger F\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eSimilarities in trabecular hypertrophy with site-specific differences in cortical morphology between men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003ePloS one \u003c/em\u003e2017, \u003cstrong\u003e12\u003c/strong\u003e(4):e0174664.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShanbhogue VV, Hansen S, Frost M, J\u0026oslash;rgensen NR, Hermann AP, Henriksen JE, Brixen K: \u003cstrong\u003eCompromised cortical bone compartment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with microvascular disease\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEuropean journal of endocrinology \u003c/em\u003e2016, \u003cstrong\u003e174\u003c/strong\u003e(2):115-124.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKerckhofs G, Durand M, Vangoitsenhoven R, Marin C, Van der Schueren B, Carmeliet G, Luyten FP, Geris L, Vandamme K: \u003cstrong\u003eChanges in bone macro- and microstructure in diabetic obese mice revealed by high resolution microfocus X-ray computed tomography\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eScientific reports \u003c/em\u003e2016, \u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e:35517.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYu EW, Putman MS, Derrico N, Abrishamanian-Garcia G, Finkelstein JS, Bouxsein ML: \u003cstrong\u003eDefects in cortical microarchitecture among African-American women with type 2 diabetes\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA \u003c/em\u003e2015, \u003cstrong\u003e26\u003c/strong\u003e(2):673-679.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFarr JN, Drake MT, Amin S, Melton LJ, 3rd, McCready LK, Khosla S: \u003cstrong\u003eIn vivo assessment of bone quality in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJournal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research \u003c/em\u003e2014, \u003cstrong\u003e29\u003c/strong\u003e(4):787-795.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePalmowski Y, Balmer S, Hu Z, Winkler T, Schnake KJ, Kandziora F, Pumberger M: \u003cstrong\u003eRelationship Between the OF Classification and Radiological Outcome of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures After Kyphoplasty\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eGlobal spine journal \u003c/em\u003e2020:2192568220964051.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRen H, Shen Y, Zhang YZ, Ding WY, Xu JX, Yang DL, Cao JM: \u003cstrong\u003eCorrelative factor analysis on the complications resulting from cement leakage after percutaneous kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJournal of spinal disorders \u0026amp; techniques \u003c/em\u003e2010, \u003cstrong\u003e23\u003c/strong\u003e(7):e9-15.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable 1. Baseline characteristics of patients in the T2DM group and the control group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2DM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge (years)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.19\u0026plusmn;8.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.89\u0026plusmn;9.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.833\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender (Male/Female)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16/41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31/128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.178\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162.79\u0026plusmn;8.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160.96\u0026plusmn;7.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWeight (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.71\u0026plusmn;11.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.76\u0026plusmn;10.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.248\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBMI (kg/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.31\u0026plusmn;3.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.02\u0026plusmn;3.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.711\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLumbar BMD (T value)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.59\u0026plusmn;1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.84\u0026plusmn;0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.444\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHip BMD (T value)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.38\u0026plusmn;0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.59\u0026plusmn;0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.377\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBlood glucose (mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.48\u0026plusmn;2.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.49\u0026plusmn;0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHbA1c (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.16\u0026plusmn;1.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.64\u0026plusmn;1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.270\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCoronary heart disease (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOperation time (min)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.67\u0026plusmn;8.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.42\u0026plusmn;6.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.260\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntraoperative blood loss (ml)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.42\u0026plusmn;4.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.08\u0026plusmn;4.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.643\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBone cement volume (ml/segment)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.70\u0026plusmn;1.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.45\u0026plusmn;1.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.338\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFractured segments (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e193\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.801\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThorax (T5-T10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThoracolumbar (T11-L2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLumbar (L3-L5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFractured cases (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.709\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle segment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDouble segments\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.734693877551024%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMulti-segments (\u0026ge;3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.05; BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. Clinical parameters of patients in the T2DM group and control group before surgery, 2 days, 6 months and 12 months after surgery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBefore\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2DM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.54\u0026plusmn;1.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.01\u0026plusmn;1.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.81\u0026plusmn;1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026plusmn;0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.62\u0026plusmn;1.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.05\u0026plusmn;1.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.65\u0026plusmn;0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.67\u0026plusmn;0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.734\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.850\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.296\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.840\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eODI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2DM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.09\u0026plusmn;4.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.39\u0026plusmn;2.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.42\u0026plusmn;1.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.93\u0026plusmn;1.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.39\u0026plusmn;4.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.81\u0026plusmn;3.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.25\u0026plusmn;1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.55\u0026plusmn;1.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.26530612244898%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.302\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.361\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.486\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eODI, Oswestry disability index; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; VAS, visual analogue scale.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Height and LCA of vertebral bodies in the T2DM group and control group before surgery, 2 days, 6 months and 12 months after surgery\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2DM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight loss-before (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.45\u0026plusmn;15.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.01\u0026plusmn;14.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.493\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.98\u0026plusmn;13.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.80\u0026plusmn;15.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.579\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.51\u0026plusmn;8.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.19\u0026plusmn;10.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.621\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-before (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.84\u0026plusmn;7.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.25\u0026plusmn;6.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.082\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight restoration-2 days (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.49\u0026plusmn;13.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.25\u0026plusmn;13.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.094\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.71\u0026plusmn;15.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.63\u0026plusmn;16.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.369\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.06\u0026plusmn;11.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.03\u0026plusmn;11.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.566\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-2 days (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.32\u0026plusmn;4.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.15\u0026plusmn;4.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.783\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight restoration-6 months (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.35\u0026plusmn;12.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.99\u0026plusmn;14.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.408\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.69\u0026plusmn;16.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.84\u0026plusmn;17.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.197\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.03\u0026plusmn;12.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.73\u0026plusmn;12.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.689\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-6 months (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.29\u0026plusmn;4.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.05\u0026plusmn;5.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight restoration-12 months (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.13\u0026plusmn;12.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.51\u0026plusmn;14.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.07\u0026plusmn;16.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.63\u0026plusmn;17.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.024\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.09\u0026plusmn;12.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.29\u0026plusmn;12.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.502\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.29896907216495%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-12 months (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.87\u0026plusmn;4.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.52577319587629%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.18\u0026plusmn;5.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.05; APH, anterior portion height; LCA, local cobb angle; MPH, middle portion height; PPH, posterior portion height; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4. Complications of the T2DM group and control group\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.489795918367346%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2DM（N=57）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eControl（M=159）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBone cement leakage (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.489795918367346%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3（5.3%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5（3.1%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.438\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNew OVCF (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.489795918367346%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3（5.3%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12（7.5%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.764\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOVCF, osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5. One-way ANOVA for vertebral bodies height restoration and LCA of OF classification at 2 days, 6 months and 12 months after surgery\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOF 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOF 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOF 4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-2 days (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.17\u0026plusmn;11.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.91\u0026plusmn;10.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.18\u0026plusmn;14.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.22\u0026plusmn;15.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.76\u0026plusmn;12.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.57\u0026plusmn;15.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.94\u0026plusmn;13.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.08\u0026plusmn;10.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.14\u0026plusmn;11.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.305\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-2 days (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.65\u0026plusmn;4.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.49\u0026plusmn;3.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.89\u0026plusmn;4.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-6 months (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.92\u0026plusmn;13.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.39\u0026plusmn;11.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.80\u0026plusmn;14.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.23\u0026plusmn;18.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.67\u0026plusmn;13.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.63\u0026plusmn;16.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.53\u0026plusmn;13.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.11\u0026plusmn;11.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.62\u0026plusmn;12.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-6 months (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.46\u0026plusmn;4.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.31\u0026plusmn;4.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.67\u0026plusmn;4.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-12 months (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.65\u0026plusmn;12.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.48\u0026plusmn;12.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.55\u0026plusmn;15.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.60\u0026plusmn;17.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.15\u0026plusmn;13.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.35\u0026plusmn;17.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.28\u0026plusmn;13.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.23\u0026plusmn;11.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.01\u0026plusmn;13.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.099\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-12 months (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.16326530612245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.78\u0026plusmn;4.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.70\u0026plusmn;4.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.66\u0026plusmn;4.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.05; APH, anterior portion height; LCA, local cobb angle; MPH, middle portion height; OF, osteoporotic fracture; PPH, posterior portion height; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 6. Post hoc analysis for vertebral bodies height restoration and LCA of OF classification at 2 days, 6 months and 12 months after surgery\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOF 2 VS OF 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOF 2 VS OF 4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOF 3 VS OF 4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-2 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.73\u0026plusmn;3.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-16.0\u0026plusmn;3.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-9.27\u0026plusmn;3.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.45\u0026plusmn;4.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-13.3\u0026plusmn;4.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-18.8\u0026plusmn;4.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.86\u0026plusmn;3.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.80\u0026plusmn;3.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u0026plusmn;3.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.289\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.328\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.975\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-2 days (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.83\u0026plusmn;1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.24\u0026plusmn;1.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.40\u0026plusmn;1.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-6 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.46\u0026plusmn;3.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-11.8\u0026plusmn;4.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5.40\u0026plusmn;4.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.56\u0026plusmn;4.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-9.39\u0026plusmn;4.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-14.9\u0026plusmn;5.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u0026plusmn;3.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.91\u0026plusmn;3.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.49\u0026plusmn;3.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.816\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.197\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-6 months (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.85\u0026plusmn;1.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5.21\u0026plusmn;1.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.35\u0026plusmn;1.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.619\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-12 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5.83\u0026plusmn;3.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-12.9\u0026plusmn;4.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7.07\u0026plusmn;4.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.45\u0026plusmn;4.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-9.75\u0026plusmn;4.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-16.2\u0026plusmn;5.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.04\u0026plusmn;3.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.26\u0026plusmn;3.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.22\u0026plusmn;3.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.573\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.094\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.262\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-12 months (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.92\u0026plusmn;1.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.87\u0026plusmn;1.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u0026plusmn;1.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.262626262626263%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.131313131313131%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.2020202020202%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.948\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.05; APH, anterior portion height; LCA, local cobb angle; MPH, middle portion height; OF, osteoporotic fracture; PPH, posterior portion height; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 7. Number of OF classification of the T2DM group and the control group\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.53061224489796%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2DM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.46938775510204%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.408163265306122%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.53061224489796%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.46938775510204%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e193\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.408163265306122%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.53061224489796%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOF 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (30.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.46938775510204%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75 (38.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.408163265306122%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.53061224489796%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOF 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (33.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.46938775510204%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67 (34.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.408163265306122%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.53061224489796%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOF 4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (35.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.46938775510204%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51 (26.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.408163265306122%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOF, osteoporotic fracture; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 8. Height restoration and LCA of OF classification at 2 days, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery in the T2DM group and control group\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2DM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOF 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-2 days (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.28\u0026plusmn;12.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.58\u0026plusmn;10.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.329\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.14\u0026plusmn;15.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.52\u0026plusmn;16.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.32\u0026plusmn;16.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.28\u0026plusmn;12.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.363\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-2 days (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.70\u0026plusmn;2.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.63\u0026plusmn;4.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.952\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-6 months (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.26\u0026plusmn;9.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.11\u0026plusmn;14.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.801\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.55\u0026plusmn;15.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.82\u0026plusmn;18.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.32\u0026plusmn;16.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.03\u0026plusmn;12.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.490\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-6 months (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.73\u0026plusmn;4.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.10\u0026plusmn;4.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.177\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-12 months (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.58\u0026plusmn;9.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.51\u0026plusmn;13.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.219\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.82\u0026plusmn;14.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.78\u0026plusmn;18.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.023\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.01\u0026plusmn;15.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.79\u0026plusmn;12.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.497\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-12 months (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.65\u0026plusmn;4.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.26\u0026plusmn;4.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOF 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-2 days (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.55\u0026plusmn;8.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.69\u0026plusmn;11.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.736\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.17\u0026plusmn;13.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.94\u0026plusmn;12.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.294\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.54\u0026plusmn;8.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.27\u0026plusmn;11.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.775\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-2 days (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.99\u0026plusmn;4.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.31\u0026plusmn;3.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.421\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-6 months (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.69\u0026plusmn;10.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.66\u0026plusmn;11.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.071\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.67\u0026plusmn;15.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.70\u0026plusmn;12.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.215\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.20\u0026plusmn;10.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.42\u0026plusmn;11.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.651\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-6 months (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.26\u0026plusmn;3.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.64\u0026plusmn;4.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-12 months (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.40\u0026plusmn;11.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.57\u0026plusmn;12.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.22\u0026plusmn;15.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.84\u0026plusmn;12.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.041\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.82\u0026plusmn;11.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.72\u0026plusmn;11.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.499\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-12 months (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.85\u0026plusmn;3.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.97\u0026plusmn;3.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOF 4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-2 days (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.66\u0026plusmn;14.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.49\u0026plusmn;15.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.559\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.99\u0026plusmn;11.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.37\u0026plusmn;16.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.871\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.85\u0026plusmn;8.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.69\u0026plusmn;12.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.090\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-2 days (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.05\u0026plusmn;4.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.31\u0026plusmn;4.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.276\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-6 months (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.40\u0026plusmn;14.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.46\u0026plusmn;15.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.577\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.05\u0026plusmn;10.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.91\u0026plusmn;18.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.836\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.01\u0026plusmn;7.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.39\u0026plusmn;13.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.434\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-6 months (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.52\u0026plusmn;4.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.27\u0026plusmn;4.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.297\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight-12 months (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.61\u0026plusmn;13.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.94\u0026plusmn;15.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.31\u0026plusmn;12.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.31\u0026plusmn;19.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.490\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePPH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92\u0026plusmn;9.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.99\u0026plusmn;14.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.349\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.95876288659794%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCA-12 months (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.278350515463918%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.80\u0026plusmn;4.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.556701030927837%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.12\u0026plusmn;4.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.371134020618557%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.05; APH, anterior portion height; LCA, local cobb angle; MPH, middle portion height; OF, osteoporotic fracture; PPH, posterior portion height; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-orthopaedic-surgery-and-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"josr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research](http://josr-online.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"13018","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/13018/3","title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research","twitterHandle":"@MSKmedBMC","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, type 2 diabetes mellitus, OF classification, percutaneous vertebroplasty, prognosis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2267989/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2267989/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e: To analyze the clinical and radiological effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the prognosis of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), and explore the prognostic value of OF classification.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e: OVCF patients who received PVP from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2021 were divided into T2DM group and control group. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), bone cement leakage, new OVCF, anterior, middle, and posterior portion heights (APH, MPH and PPH) of vertebral body and local cobb angle (LCA) on X-ray before surgery, 2 days after surgery, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery were recorded and the OF classification was performed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e: A total of 261 vertebral bodies were included, containing 68 in the T2DM group and 193 in the control group. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. At 6 months after PVP, the LCA of the T2DM group was 8.29±4.90° greater than that of the control group 6.05±5.18° (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.002). At 12 months, the APH recovered 8.13±12.90%, which was less than 12.51±14.92% of the control group (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.032), and 19.07±16.47% of the MPH recovery was less than the control group’s 24.63±17.67% (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.024). Compared with the control group, OF 2 vertebral bodies of the T2DM group at 12 months postoperatively in MPH (14.82±14.71% vs 24.78±18.16%, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.023) and LCA (5.65±4.06° vs 3.26±4.86°,\u003cem\u003e P\u003c/em\u003e=0.043) restored significantly worse. Besides, OF 3 restored worse in APH, MPH and LCA at 12 months postoperatively (APH: 5.40±11.02% VS 13.57±12.79%, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.008; MPH: 11.22±15.53% VS 17.84±12.36%, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.041; LCA: 10.85±3.79°VS 7.97±3.83°, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.002). There was no difference in radiological outcomes of OF 4 between the two groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions\u003c/strong\u003e: The degree of fractured vertebral compression, the recovery of the height and angle obtained immediately after surgery and the clinical symptoms in T2DM patients were not different from those in the control. However, vertebral body morphology of T2DM patients was worse since the sixth month after surgery. OF classification has a good prognostic reference value for both the control and the T2DM population.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the prognosis of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with OF classification after vertebroplasty","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-11-15 16:04:32","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2267989/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2023-01-20T07:50:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2023-01-05T12:13:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"7a78fa21-ba4b-4fa3-826c-800298c0ffcf","date":"2023-01-05T07:45:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"afedd963-d5a7-4864-bb0d-6dfeeb66e857","date":"2022-12-27T08:53:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2022-11-15T06:38:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2022-11-15T06:28:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2022-11-14T06:23:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research","date":"2022-11-13T08:57:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-orthopaedic-surgery-and-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"josr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research](http://josr-online.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"13018","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/13018/3","title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research","twitterHandle":"@MSKmedBMC","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"186b88cf-7284-4dcb-8640-bdc864e97efd","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 15th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-10-16T20:54:04+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-2267989","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03792-8","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-orthopaedic-surgery-and-research","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"},"publishedOn":"2023-05-09 20:47:07","publishedOnDateReadable":"May 9th, 2023"},"versionCreatedAt":"2022-11-15 16:04:32","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s13018-023-03792-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03792-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2267989","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2267989","identity":"rs-2267989","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}