Athlete Keeper: An Intelligent Real-time Fatigue Detection System Based on Transformer Generative Adversarial Network Model

Athlete Keeper: An Intelligent Real-time Fatigue Detection System Based on Transformer Generative Adversarial Network Model | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Athlete Keeper: An Intelligent Real-time Fatigue Detection System Based on Transformer Generative Adversarial Network Model Yongjie Liang, Yajun Zhou, Jie Ning, Yubiao Yue, Yanmei Chen, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7509780/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Exercise-induced fatigue is a crucial indicator of injury risk and training efficacy, yet real-time assessment remains challenging. We developed Athlete Keeper, a cloud-based system that integrates multimodal data (sport type, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation) from wearable sensors with public datasets. Temporal features were extracted and augmented via a Transformer Generative Adversarial Network (TGAN), and fatigue states were classified using a Random Forest model. A fatigue score threshold of 0.6 delineated low versus elevated injury risk. Our FD-TGAN_RF model achieved 97.5% accuracy and >0.95 precision, recall, F1-score, and specificity on test data, and its real-world performance matched clinical observations, with non-injury fatigue scores consistently below 0.6. Despite limitations in sample size and demographic representation, Athlete Keeper demonstrates a reliable, end-to-end framework for real-time fatigue monitoring and injury-risk prediction, with a smartphone interface underscoring its practical applicability and broad implications for sports science and healthcare. Biological sciences/Computational biology and bioinformatics Physical sciences/Engineering Health sciences/Health care Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing Health sciences/Medical research Fatigue detection Sport medicine Deep learning Smartphone application Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7509780","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":524958802,"identity":"953d08fb-55d7-4e1b-94c9-86f55d3d81ef","order_by":0,"name":"Yongjie Liang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guizhou University of Finance and Economics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yongjie","middleName":"","lastName":"Liang","suffix":""},{"id":524958803,"identity":"100d0ad1-e6ca-4bc6-bd89-3a71b14b537f","order_by":1,"name":"Yajun Zhou","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAt0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNvb+xw8SKv7z8BOthY/nDJvBhzPMMpINxGqRk8hhkJzZxmxjcIBoh/GcPWAMtInH+HjyBoYfFduI0MLel/CYp4KHx+zMswLGnjO3ibHlgAHQFgkesxs5BsyMbcRokUgwkOZtM+AxnkG8lhwDoPcTeAwkiNbCcywNGMgHeCSAfjlIlF/k25sPA6PygD1/e/LGBz8qiNCCBBKIjxqEFlJ1jIJRMApGwQgBAE5AO6fmx08IAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Guizhou Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yajun","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""},{"id":524958804,"identity":"f784a5c8-479f-404d-b333-47f7771e19d7","order_by":2,"name":"Jie Ning","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhoukou Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jie","middleName":"","lastName":"Ning","suffix":""},{"id":524958805,"identity":"78046551-2cbe-423f-afce-e4993713d4c4","order_by":3,"name":"Yubiao Yue","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yubiao","middleName":"","lastName":"Yue","suffix":""},{"id":524958806,"identity":"ac21848e-1d77-418e-806d-99ad089b1962","order_by":4,"name":"Yanmei Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yanmei","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":524958807,"identity":"24813807-b257-45e5-a578-c9638c339917","order_by":5,"name":"Jitang Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong Experimental High School","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jitang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":524958808,"identity":"68452073-b19d-4a95-848a-f81b7cbf657a","order_by":6,"name":"Zhenzhang Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhenzhang","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-01 15:08:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7509780/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7509780/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":92826524,"identity":"9ee95d23-c6cc-486f-9b41-c2119971d79b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":13801943,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/6c9abdfd043fa97545c9ad93.docx"},{"id":92826501,"identity":"3f835b67-94d5-49f7-87df-8e790cbedb46","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":7829,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"9916d2a1405145418965a4c616b1e569.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/8e93e55f60b653616135a9d1.json"},{"id":92826463,"identity":"bc95c06c-ab4b-4393-bf05-e87cb222ed4c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:17","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":103278,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"9916d2a1405145418965a4c616b1e5691enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/abeafca295f380e0b69e496a.xml"},{"id":92826466,"identity":"e39f762d-1afc-421f-8fbf-bc12321f811a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:17","extension":"jpeg","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":736616,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/1a6a99a4de30413561c97880.jpeg"},{"id":92826489,"identity":"0dda78ea-3904-44e2-9eca-36079567e652","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":193370,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/6a427baaeec8bdec42f98bf9.png"},{"id":92826507,"identity":"4fd8eab3-4d0a-42af-a454-088deebea8d0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"jpeg","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4727517,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/8645ba692260ad6a9894e95c.jpeg"},{"id":92826469,"identity":"9658eaae-dacb-4536-9432-93360b3061fa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:17","extension":"jpeg","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1126568,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/d54621f030851d0b84fd9800.jpeg"},{"id":92827008,"identity":"2b6282c5-5c8b-4827-a3f2-278a9d1a87c2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:18","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2392849,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/38ca534a374915c57475666d.jpeg"},{"id":92827022,"identity":"7aaddeeb-93b7-458e-88c4-82923191e43e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:19","extension":"jpeg","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2997316,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/b7cc52a5273e9899532b5401.jpeg"},{"id":92827002,"identity":"cdf11640-9296-418d-ad73-d2ae0166d9e5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:17","extension":"jpeg","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1347040,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/3bbab48dd62148891424374f.jpeg"},{"id":92826486,"identity":"407603e6-806c-47fc-a6f5-cbf99f96dcb2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1248,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image10.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/cc0eb32b6268b4b575dbd8ce.wmf"},{"id":92826473,"identity":"f8535118-9ba8-46ae-bb36-7a2cba1eb1d4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:17","extension":"wmf","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2428,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image11.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/2dbebd8a7fa3e884a3872b62.wmf"},{"id":92826479,"identity":"515125a9-73c4-4397-8216-eda52e5da039","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:17","extension":"wmf","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1352,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image12.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/a3fbcda01d9a826188a610d6.wmf"},{"id":92826495,"identity":"56b60138-af25-491f-96fd-1cef7db551fa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1126,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image13.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/946d8f6eef88cf29c009d19a.wmf"},{"id":92827001,"identity":"db2d8d77-8acc-436f-a483-f1240d1df3b2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:17","extension":"wmf","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2570,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image14.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/27c4be85832861a891621112.wmf"},{"id":92827010,"identity":"30e3f948-af95-40a9-bfa0-73034660d5d2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1142,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image15.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/a896a9e4c13d4e3ef332e100.wmf"},{"id":92827000,"identity":"c991fd3d-fe4b-468d-8a6b-a124739dd6ee","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:17","extension":"wmf","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1676,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image16.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/beb7f2f2f0f8e1ce1d9c3795.wmf"},{"id":92826467,"identity":"ab3b3aed-50d9-4e07-9ffa-35a2d39d6c53","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:17","extension":"wmf","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2426,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image17.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/60a86c0de3c05eccea21e649.wmf"},{"id":92826465,"identity":"2544f01b-da34-4f6a-b023-9fad7ffad3c4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:17","extension":"wmf","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":864,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image18.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/f8e4063d267951db8e01e3b4.wmf"},{"id":92827009,"identity":"925f8ce3-a88f-4f07-8a57-ceb88e7dec69","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":864,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image19.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/f2df6bc35b5da4ba876a8bd8.wmf"},{"id":92827608,"identity":"02093dfa-b0a3-4fe6-8594-883c964f0a12","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:56:19","extension":"wmf","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1200,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image2.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/2cda02def549ea533b52dfeb.wmf"},{"id":92827018,"identity":"009d5b01-acc0-4499-ba0e-a9c6adcceeba","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:19","extension":"wmf","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1244,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image20.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/410cc6bd137bffb4c3f69110.wmf"},{"id":92826470,"identity":"b62f4eed-58c9-40b7-9ea1-166202a05bb0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:17","extension":"wmf","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":874,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image21.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/c867787b8ef81b4c5ab62001.wmf"},{"id":92826477,"identity":"3008f0f6-82ee-416f-aa13-dca3065c74b6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:17","extension":"wmf","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2258,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image22.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/52a0a571d13a3fa10138e637.wmf"},{"id":92826522,"identity":"85661f25-90a1-4d1d-a44c-cc0bf120a248","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"wmf","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1980,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image23.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/99ca2b4ac4f1496f08248b83.wmf"},{"id":92826999,"identity":"1c22adff-ba45-492c-8631-2e4833062b5f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:17","extension":"wmf","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":864,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image24.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/7626ae7b77fac06791f8ca5c.wmf"},{"id":92827172,"identity":"cea58f19-ca8f-4939-b8c0-45489029349e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:48:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1142,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image25.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/a4c8ae47e9cea7a5adc03b65.wmf"},{"id":92826480,"identity":"0ea8ba29-2097-4389-8e3d-0d7a6a1a3e07","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1652,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image26.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/1a6a15dec247192a1ab1fa4f.wmf"},{"id":92826490,"identity":"55bcefa2-7ed9-4c73-8ce9-9de5908ccf2c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1126,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image27.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/30c78900bda953dea58f2442.wmf"},{"id":92826533,"identity":"c8d43254-469d-44ca-9877-cf68432393f4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"wmf","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1118,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image28.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/76f237be2a87d2a119afc063.wmf"},{"id":92827171,"identity":"509fd05e-2f58-4c11-9bec-313acf8c2760","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:48:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2614,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image29.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/087d4e02a78b52e11d863724.wmf"},{"id":92827021,"identity":"854ef47e-2c28-4f1b-b3c0-48cb9ad787ae","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:19","extension":"wmf","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4178,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image3.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/b11fa73ea04e4a33312d76fe.wmf"},{"id":92826498,"identity":"d2f4836f-a3fb-4fa0-bb31-c48411f0e668","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":792,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image30.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/b5e26017cc9e4068108acf60.wmf"},{"id":92826543,"identity":"6994843e-3223-458f-b2b5-a55235362bd4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"wmf","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":792,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image31.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/1d8c742b31a94ba088197022.wmf"},{"id":92826513,"identity":"65d1339f-56be-4e5f-8e13-e8904fac1c9a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"wmf","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4356,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image32.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/077212db50f234c8d9fd0ff6.wmf"},{"id":92827177,"identity":"9a185e44-2643-46bd-9d8d-91ea79b66ecd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:48:19","extension":"wmf","order_by":35,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2314,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image33.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/5419cbe1428836c1719cfd11.wmf"},{"id":92826531,"identity":"f9a46df3-5ab4-442c-8ccc-e353cb198826","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"wmf","order_by":36,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2632,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image34.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/3320d3c7546f79935bc05173.wmf"},{"id":92826539,"identity":"64b81b92-3eca-4086-b076-2422ef4f440e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"wmf","order_by":37,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2886,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image35.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/f1512aad848fe1b78e9f015c.wmf"},{"id":92826500,"identity":"b7fa6234-4dd7-4b77-abb7-af474dc10d2a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":38,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":756,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image36.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/7092ee62c01893da45c7cd8a.wmf"},{"id":92827012,"identity":"d4ef726e-4a48-488d-bda2-0aeeb0e89f41","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":39,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1350,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image37.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/4b6c131fe7a98d2b028342b7.wmf"},{"id":92826472,"identity":"47d160b9-5994-4017-bc93-6d048f7b719a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:17","extension":"wmf","order_by":40,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1260,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image38.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/f25dcecaef645c3e9ffa009a.wmf"},{"id":92826475,"identity":"1348f18e-8509-44af-b5a5-1345666fca0d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:17","extension":"wmf","order_by":41,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1234,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image39.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/18d15d54dd733f69162acb40.wmf"},{"id":92827011,"identity":"872619b6-02a8-4cfd-afd1-b51b65932d84","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":42,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3422,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image4.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/25e00e3afb29127adac96de4.wmf"},{"id":92826492,"identity":"07742b93-c026-437b-aac1-66ff5831d66c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":43,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1392,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image40.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/58447efb6cabbed13d2c8daf.wmf"},{"id":92827003,"identity":"e2c0c7da-d7a2-4820-80bf-4522a8d31f2b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":44,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1276,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image41.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/928f611f7aac1d01a107bd58.wmf"},{"id":92827173,"identity":"4aaad768-9e61-4f93-8d74-e1be36deb848","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:48:19","extension":"wmf","order_by":45,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":872,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image5.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/47a356609dd3244e2bfc6bd2.wmf"},{"id":92826509,"identity":"610574b3-7d7d-4297-9480-878aa6c6917b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"wmf","order_by":46,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1962,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image6.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/d55f6f275480093c9603f264.wmf"},{"id":92826527,"identity":"2ccfeea1-62fa-44e6-9fc8-3c1d04bc64b4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"wmf","order_by":47,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2066,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image7.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/0c392141079309d4ed1dec73.wmf"},{"id":92826483,"identity":"73b98138-31d4-4c12-beef-7991261e39aa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":48,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1248,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image9.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/6bbb6a2f91f3a2a70f97f802.wmf"},{"id":92826485,"identity":"c17ec05f-1ccc-4bed-ab38-f75538f81890","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"png","order_by":49,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":348626,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/b491a5bb1834d71faf16dd48.png"},{"id":92826525,"identity":"16d3a880-5fcf-4e4e-820c-cfb86c4ecac4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"png","order_by":50,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":50533,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/5327b6260413a8a8199f326c.png"},{"id":92826515,"identity":"381e5e8c-c621-4f75-b957-beb8e90b4fe0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"png","order_by":51,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1207198,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/a3c39d36007a3babff6e903e.png"},{"id":92826559,"identity":"d08f6756-0f2e-41b7-94be-9bec44789d2f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":52,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":169205,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/587de9f359d75f416d067dab.png"},{"id":92826556,"identity":"b7dbea27-ce06-4304-bb72-dbd4df1377cf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":53,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":489049,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/121a787d5b5c0adf75b9b3ed.png"},{"id":92826506,"identity":"87b64ff6-c8a3-4663-a622-f0882548d967","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"png","order_by":54,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":891321,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/536d7b6239c7d1e56ccf11b6.png"},{"id":92826497,"identity":"7dfb262e-93aa-40d5-a5d8-db28f2fe6975","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"png","order_by":55,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":391357,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/292b5136a34be07a6a7b4654.png"},{"id":92826532,"identity":"90ffcfe0-630a-42f7-b4b9-f26c72cc963d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"png","order_by":56,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":568,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/280641749dd26439d81252fc.png"},{"id":92826476,"identity":"3e36e219-33b6-4335-960b-20f010580d2b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:17","extension":"png","order_by":57,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2474,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/9842ccdcc9c67bd6138295dc.png"},{"id":92826519,"identity":"740910ee-0d67-4c52-b206-e4bb1cc9280c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"png","order_by":58,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":671,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/4118772d43b99704c4e4903c.png"},{"id":92826503,"identity":"09bb8010-4e1a-4aef-88fe-b020adf30cb1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"png","order_by":59,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":493,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/3046671d6f64a9dc5bcec78c.png"},{"id":92827014,"identity":"d10caaee-6a0d-4a0b-8515-de6600d01fbc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:19","extension":"png","order_by":60,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1519,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/b009a0c8f4867ba663cb5a9e.png"},{"id":92827607,"identity":"a85d9215-b0e9-46f0-b3a3-a900695d2dde","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:56:18","extension":"png","order_by":61,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":559,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/c90d3b166fb74898724db1d7.png"},{"id":92826493,"identity":"1f8d156a-30c7-4f91-8618-877cd6a1e0f9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"png","order_by":62,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1311,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage16.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/a737b5980617face618e2de4.png"},{"id":92826504,"identity":"d561cb76-f2ab-4b4c-934c-e5e95c8bade0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"png","order_by":63,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2606,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage17.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/98c28f06184252314b23b557.png"},{"id":92826550,"identity":"d814cccf-2c38-4193-b842-2e4aeffd1331","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":64,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":465,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage18.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/216f940b50b006845f05850b.png"},{"id":92826557,"identity":"99008a6e-6ba1-467f-8875-8040aa9603c6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":65,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":440,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage19.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/fc97a64e17ab04e69848d878.png"},{"id":92827006,"identity":"193a2390-bc9b-439a-91a2-f8ed7d62e3ec","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:18","extension":"png","order_by":66,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1494,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/145c7396cfb88c65b7f1c463.png"},{"id":92826516,"identity":"b79a4b1c-2d90-4f3e-963f-ed0a165796cc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"png","order_by":67,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":698,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage20.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/acf01ff4e0660e738943a74a.png"},{"id":92826553,"identity":"df4c258b-2a9e-479f-b62d-64891d723dde","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":68,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":344,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage21.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/13e2b183ae32483c41880b76.png"},{"id":92826551,"identity":"a2ed4bea-25aa-46f4-a592-be56c5fa4fd8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":69,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2503,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage22.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/3ade9c5a2a8ed55a4b38225f.png"},{"id":92827029,"identity":"112ddd78-6c59-4981-96c2-17b4a6e5e700","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:20","extension":"png","order_by":70,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2141,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage23.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/eab3378874201fcceddb0d0e.png"},{"id":92826538,"identity":"a92f60ac-0735-4533-9c13-00b6c02c2db3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":71,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":449,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage24.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/5b85a07d7ebb24f8a5e9d5eb.png"},{"id":92827175,"identity":"b2876355-640f-44ee-99b5-03e87b076b0a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:48:19","extension":"png","order_by":72,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":534,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage25.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/ae198ffe716bf716a4fe0abe.png"},{"id":92826502,"identity":"cdb2a3d2-4655-43f8-b549-2b1d5d1719c0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"png","order_by":73,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1078,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage26.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/5200ae61ac9cd57dbe310b6e.png"},{"id":92826499,"identity":"9e046143-394b-4958-a7ca-c17ba67c2d14","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"png","order_by":74,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":567,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage27.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/e2b1e62cdd3e405dbff45a65.png"},{"id":92826549,"identity":"d5f17d4e-0df7-4e21-a476-a24d2c017531","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":75,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":569,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage28.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/ae9c879af3dffad6ad655838.png"},{"id":92827026,"identity":"84bddd23-72ea-491e-bb21-3b8a82a4327e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:20","extension":"png","order_by":76,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1358,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage29.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/998f7685ee23c502557b6417.png"},{"id":92827040,"identity":"10be4f66-9b00-4c86-81a8-678287b1234a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:20","extension":"png","order_by":77,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4172,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/bac0515b901a41ed66a40380.png"},{"id":92827027,"identity":"4341abab-8153-4044-b51e-1c851e7639a5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:20","extension":"png","order_by":78,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":241,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage30.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/4950329d19d9657b8262dad1.png"},{"id":92827037,"identity":"ce217e1a-f13f-419a-872f-a7a2e7db2485","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:20","extension":"png","order_by":79,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":236,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage31.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/e54199858a75d69d0a94ae6a.png"},{"id":92826548,"identity":"f267f01e-d278-4283-a312-a9ac0b817b60","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":80,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3453,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage32.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/b2b8d0e9d9fa7823dbc90a98.png"},{"id":92827045,"identity":"847ea2d9-716b-4082-b23c-a90671ed3b39","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:20","extension":"png","order_by":81,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1994,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage33.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/2a034d9eb58444dae987497a.png"},{"id":92827017,"identity":"da3a4edf-ffe3-418c-8946-43646bb7eaeb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:19","extension":"png","order_by":82,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1739,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage34.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/24502600d29b8ffad20da71f.png"},{"id":92827023,"identity":"b44c34b1-52e7-41b6-bc37-d371460b6d2e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:19","extension":"png","order_by":83,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2602,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage35.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/e733072ee4c46700f180badc.png"},{"id":92826505,"identity":"cb9d804f-4192-4143-ae1c-f22e708b7b35","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:18","extension":"png","order_by":84,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":312,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage36.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/9314b05dddd52be1f6d38eee.png"},{"id":92826552,"identity":"e7ba3a32-4dbc-42dd-bf0e-5cd1a4dcc0e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":85,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1418,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage37.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/816ab8bde2b311ff2d4c0df1.png"},{"id":92826526,"identity":"7fec4002-5fdf-40ab-813e-54edbded01c7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"png","order_by":86,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1045,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage38.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/49d3b034fcba39d32a9b49cb.png"},{"id":92826546,"identity":"e18291a1-ed0e-4d9b-9a3a-abea6ef2e1e7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":87,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1007,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage39.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/d1ed4fcc6190ced5850788ff.png"},{"id":92826541,"identity":"4af88f89-f4dd-4d85-ae58-a746edf9e7bc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":88,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2397,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/91cc3346760387d57dd95516.png"},{"id":92827016,"identity":"9dc74795-5278-4d9d-8e46-e992d2190b4a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:19","extension":"png","order_by":89,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1697,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage40.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/8711579b339c9ff6b00fd46a.png"},{"id":92826544,"identity":"278a9694-c415-4063-9847-fc281058a5f0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":90,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1245,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage41.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/930db1e2b049e9f5c48280f0.png"},{"id":92826530,"identity":"36ac2649-453c-43cb-9589-a2089efd104e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"png","order_by":91,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":379,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/428cf6bcd95b2554de2c9207.png"},{"id":92826529,"identity":"94e46e8e-5910-43e8-b108-9ec080bab39b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"png","order_by":92,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1632,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/b7b0fbf0be5cf28094edc844.png"},{"id":92826554,"identity":"91b8a4d5-a814-439e-a0bf-8e791a290771","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:20","extension":"png","order_by":93,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":990,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/2138b731eb0eec67ff4f7012.png"},{"id":92827025,"identity":"ad2086b1-0cfe-4684-b511-89333ab8f443","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:20","extension":"png","order_by":94,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":519,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/28ad2c710d756a0445626cce.png"},{"id":92826511,"identity":"bf9029bf-da50-4e83-a789-8e52fba6fb2a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:32:19","extension":"xml","order_by":95,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":102212,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"9916d2a1405145418965a4c616b1e5691structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/6e812a1538efda9fe6b8d844.xml"},{"id":92827028,"identity":"ae245b43-120d-4246-ace9-81ba5c92a0af","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 04:40:20","extension":"html","order_by":96,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":115405,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1/40051300fcfb972dde50b75c.html"},{"id":95528369,"identity":"ac28ab68-8569-42b2-b4ae-bdc8cbddfd5b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 10:15:57","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1209686,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7509780/v1_covered_4f06e1e1-4c7b-4feb-b847-e4ee1fabf17f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Athlete Keeper: An Intelligent Real-time Fatigue Detection System Based on Transformer Generative Adversarial Network Model","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Fatigue detection, Sport medicine, Deep learning, Smartphone application","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7509780/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7509780/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eExercise-induced fatigue is a crucial indicator of injury risk and training efficacy, yet real-time assessment remains challenging. We developed Athlete Keeper, a cloud-based system that integrates multimodal data (sport type, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation) from wearable sensors with public datasets. Temporal features were extracted and augmented via a Transformer Generative Adversarial Network (TGAN), and fatigue states were classified using a Random Forest model. A fatigue score threshold of 0.6 delineated low versus elevated injury risk. Our FD-TGAN_RF model achieved 97.5% accuracy and \u0026gt;0.95 precision, recall, F1-score, and specificity on test data, and its real-world performance matched clinical observations, with non-injury fatigue scores consistently below 0.6. Despite limitations in sample size and demographic representation, Athlete Keeper demonstrates a reliable, end-to-end framework for real-time fatigue monitoring and injury-risk prediction, with a smartphone interface underscoring its practical applicability and broad implications for sports science and healthcare.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Athlete Keeper: An Intelligent Real-time Fatigue Detection System Based on Transformer Generative Adversarial Network Model","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-06 04:32:11","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7509780/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"71926b15-83b0-40da-a36d-5d71a4533b84","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 6th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":55792596,"name":"Biological sciences/Computational biology and bioinformatics"},{"id":55792597,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":55792598,"name":"Health sciences/Health care"},{"id":55792599,"name":"Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing"},{"id":55792600,"name":"Health sciences/Medical research"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-10T04:38:34+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-06 04:32:11","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7509780","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7509780","identity":"rs-7509780","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}