A microbial-electronic optical communication language for intestinal monitoring and regulation

A microbial-electronic optical communication language for intestinal monitoring and regulation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A microbial-electronic optical communication language for intestinal monitoring and regulation Hanjie Wang, Xinyu Zhang, Zhijie Feng, Hongxiang Li, Haoyan Yang, and 13 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4904229/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Microbiology → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Gastrointestinal microbes play roles of biomolecular sensing and healthy intervention in human bodies but cannot be monitored and regulated by human instructions. Here, we establish a bidirectional optical communication language between engineered microbes and designer electronic capsules respectively based on photo sensing and optogenetics to realize remote monitoring and regulating of intestinal health. As a proof of concept, we engineer nitric oxide microbial biosensors to generate bioluminescent output signal for diagnosis of pig colitis, which is processed by electronic capsule and remotely monitored by smartphones. Reversely, smartphones send wireless signals to control LED luminescence in electronic capsule to activate the optogenetics of engineered microbes to relieve pig colitis. This language form of semiconductor synthetic biology enables new opportunities for health monitoring and active intervention. Biological sciences/Biotechnology/Assay systems Health sciences/Health care/Therapeutics/Immunotherapy/Immunosuppression Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files MovieS1.mp4 Movie S1. Remote control of electronic capsule-loaded LED in the intestine MovieS2.mp4 Movie S2. The simulated process of administrating the electronic capsules into the pig’s esophagus MovieS3.mp4 Movie S3. The wireless connectable time range when the electronic capsule was in the intestine of pigs SupplementaryInformation.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Microbiology → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4904229","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":342972722,"identity":"470ffbde-ebc4-4d0f-9f05-6c46ebc4609b","order_by":0,"name":"Hanjie 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