A Multidimensional Budget Calculation Model for Environmental Geological Mapping: Framework Construction and Empirical Validation

A Multidimensional Budget Calculation Model for Environmental Geological Mapping: Framework Construction and Empirical Validation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A Multidimensional Budget Calculation Model for Environmental Geological Mapping: Framework Construction and Empirical Validation Gan Luo, Mingqi Tao, Wanyi Zhang, Shuai Zhong, Chunqian Cao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7578290/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 03 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract As a cornerstone of national geological endeavors, environmental geological mappings demand scientifically rigorous budgeting standards to enhance resource allocation efficiency and ensure survey quality. This study establishes a multidimensional budget calculation model tailored for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping, integrating cost-quota theory within a structured four-phase methodology comprising data collection, quota determination, model development, and empirical validation. Innovatively, the research extracts key productivity metrics—such as work efficiency (e.g., 4.8 km²/day per team), personnel deployment, material consumption, equipment allocation, and transportation quotas—from field logs provided by 16 national survey teams. The model applies fundamental engineering economics principles ("quantity-price-cost") to compute theoretical budget values, further refined through a dual-dimensional adjustment mechanism incorporating geological complexity and regional cost coefficients. Empirical validation demonstrates that the proposed model reduces budget deviations to below 3%, markedly surpassing traditional budgeting approaches. This study offers a scalable and scientifically grounded framework for budget management in geological surveys, with substantial practical implications for optimizing fiscal resource allocation and promoting standardization within the industry. Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences environmental geological mapping budget standard quota calculation cost model Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction Environmental geology, an interdisciplinary field integrating environmental science and geological studies, examines the interactions between human activities and the geological environment [ 1 , 2 ]. As a core component of this discipline, environmental geological mappings employ systematic observation and mapping to assess the impacts of geological hazards—such as landslides, debris flows, land subsidence, and water contamination—on human production, daily life, and infrastructure [ 3 , 4 ]. In recent years, these surveys have become increasingly critical for urban geological risk assessment, supporting evidence-based resilient urban planning in alignment with United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) [ 5 ]. For instance, in 2024, the United States Geological Survey allocated $ 1.1 million to an environmental geologic mapping project utilizing airborne hyperspectral imaging to characterize surface geology and enhance natural hazard understanding [ 6 ]. Similarly, since 2015, the China Geological Survey has conducted 1:50,000-scale environmental geological mappings covering over 100,000 km², with a total investment of nearly 5 billion RMB, significantly improving the accuracy of regional environmental geological assessments [ 7 , 8 ]. These efforts underscore the essential role of environmental geological mapping in applications spanning hazard mitigation, resource management, and ecological conservation. environmental geological mappings are indispensable for tracing pollution sources, providing early warnings of geological disaster chains, and assessing ecosystem services [ 13 , 14 ]. Since the 1990s, with the global transition into a post-industrial era, regional environmental geological mapping and assessment have become priorities in national geological programs. Consequently, countries including the United States, Russia, Australia, and China have launched large-scale environmental geological mapping projects [ 15 , 16 ]. Traditional methodologies, refined through decades of practice, now form standardized protocols for these investigations. More recently, environmental geological mappings have become vital tools in evaluating urban geological risks worldwide [ 17 , 18 ]. Conventional techniques include geological mapping (scales from 1:10,000 to 1:50,000), stratigraphic profiling, systematic drilling and sampling, and multi-parameter geochemical analysis. These methods yield fine-scale characterization of lithology, structure, and hydrogeological conditions, enabling qualitative and quantitative analysis of environmental geological issues. Historically, fieldwork relied on basic tools such as geological compasses, measuring tapes, handheld GPS, and portable instruments like pH meters and heavy metal detectors for on-site measurements. Although this approach required 30–60 minutes per sampling point, it achieved data reliability exceeding 95%. Its proficiency in identifying micro-features within complex geological settings (e.g., karst terrains and fault zones) remains unmatched by modern alternatives [ 19 , 20 ]. A promising research direction involves integrating traditional methods with emerging technologies. For example, drone-based aerial surveys (with 30–60 minutes of endurance) facilitate rapid 3D terrain modeling, while GIS spatial analysis (e.g., Kriging interpolation) optimizes sampling point distribution, improving field efficiency by 40%–60%. Additionally, portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers enable rapid on-site screening (< 2 minutes per sample), with subsequent laboratory analysis providing a two-tiered validation process that ensures data quality without compromising accuracy [ 21 , 22 ]. The formulation of a scientific and rational budget is crucial for successful project execution and optimal allocation of financial resources [ 23 , 24 ]. The validity of such a budget fundamentally depends on the accuracy and relevance of its underlying standards. As geological surveys evolve toward greater refinement and scientific rigor, research on budgetary standards has become a central issue in geological economic management [ 25 , 26 ]. Internationally, scholars have systematically investigated the theoretical foundations, compilation methodologies, and dynamic adjustment mechanisms of these standards, establishing a relatively comprehensive research framework. For example, the United States Geological Survey introduced a hierarchical budgetary system in its Guidelines for Cost Estimation of Geological Mapping [ 27 , 28 ], which incorporates geological complexity and map scale and uses GIS spatial analysis for dynamic updates, significantly enhancing budgetary adaptability and accuracy. Similarly, the Geological Survey of Australia employs a “benchmark cost plus regional correction factor” approach [ 29 ], constructing regression models that integrate environmental variables such as topography, accessibility, and climate to improve budgetary performance in complex terrains. In China, researchers have addressed the historical undervaluation of technical inputs by proposing cost correction models based on intellectual labor valuation [ 30 ]. More recent studies incorporate price fluctuation transmission mechanisms to quantitatively adjust for macroeconomic factors like inflation [ 31 ]. Despite these advances, existing research remains limited by a focus on localized parameter optimization, with insufficient innovation in systematic methodological approaches. As environmental geological mappings form the foundational basis for territorial spatial planning, ecological conservation and restoration, and natural resource management, the scientific validity of their budgetary standards directly influences the efficiency of fiscal fund utilization and project cost control [ 32 , 33 ]. The rationality of these standards hinges on the scientific determination of basic quotas, which requires systematic analysis of historical data. Traditional quota data collection relies on extensive field investigations, incurring high costs in manpower, materials, and time. China’s current geological survey budget quota system was last systematically revised in 2009 [ 34 ]. Since then, technological advancements (e.g., drone aerial surveying, which reduces transportation costs and improves efficiency but increases equipment maintenance expenses) and socioeconomic changes (e.g., rising labor costs and equipment upgrades) have rendered existing quotas inadequate to reflect actual survey costs. This misalignment often leads to either reduced workload due to budget shortfalls or inefficient use of idle funds [ 35 , 36 ]. Resolving the tension between “regional equity” and “fiscal controllability”—caused by geological environmental heterogeneity—requires urgent establishment of a new-era budgetary standard system. However, administrative restructuring over the past decade has dismantled the original three-tier quota management system (“Ministry-Bureau-Team”), creating significant institutional barriers to basic quota data collection [ 37 , 38 ]. A review of the literature indicates that no systematic research currently exists specifically on budgetary standards for environmental geological mappings. Relevant studies remain largely exploratory, lacking scientific cost estimation methods. Notably, survey scale is a decisive factor influencing budgetary requirements: theoretical studies show a significant positive correlation between scale and cost. Large-scale surveys (e.g., 1:5,000) require finer mapping units, higher densities of geological observation points (spaced tens of meters apart), more detailed descriptions and analyses, and greater sample collection and testing compared to 1:50,000-scale surveys, where observation points may be spaced hundreds of meters apart, substantially reducing labor, time, and analytical costs [ 39 ]. Given the current predominance of 1:50,000-scale environmental geological mappings in China, this study focuses on systematic cost estimation for this scale as a case study. The resulting model may serve as a reference for cost estimation at other scales. The contributions of this study are threefold: (1) it introduces a novel method for collecting basic field-level quotas via operational log mining; (2) it establishes a cost estimation model tailored to environmental geological mappings using an activity-based costing framework; and (3) it provides a scientific basis for fiscal budgeting, addressing a theoretical gap at the intersection of environmental geology and public finance management. Methods This study adopts a multi-method analytical framework combining case study analysis, cost decomposition, and quota measurement to establish an empirical basis for developing budgetary standards in environmental geological mapping projects. Case Study Analysis. A multi-case comparative design was utilized, incorporating 16 representative environmental geological mapping projects conducted between 2020 and 2024 across 11 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China, including Beijing, Hebei, Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Liaoning, Hubei, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Sample selection was guided by principles of representativeness, data completeness, and comparability, covering diverse geomorphological units (e.g., mountainous, plain, and karst terrains), climatic zones, and levels of geological complexity. A standardized data collection template was developed to systematically extract information from field logs regarding personnel, materials, equipment, transportation, and workflow details. Cost Decomposition Method. A multi-dimensional cost decomposition model was constructed, categorizing total costs into direct costs, indirect costs, and administrative costs [ 40 , 41 ]. Direct costs were further broken down into four modules:(1) Labor Cost Module, Incorporating factors such as technical personnel’s professional title, working hours, and salary levels based on job responsibilities. (2)Equipment Cost Module: Calculating maintenance costs for fixed assets (e.g., mapping handheld devices, water quality meters) as a percentage of their original value according to Governmental Accounting Standards [ 42 ]. (3)Material Cost Module: Differentiating between low-value consumables (e.g., sample bags, chemical reagents, labels) and reusable tools (e.g., geological hammers, compasses). (4)Transportation Cost Module: Compiling data on vehicle types, number of trips, distance from station to field sites, and fuel consumption.Parametric formulas were established for each module to form a unified quantitative cost accounting system. Quota Measurement Method. Based on engineering economics principles, a three-dimensional “quantity–price–cost” model was developed for budgetary standard measurement [ 43 , 44 ].The quantity dimension employed time-motion analysis on field logs to derive time quotas for various tasks, with expected working hours determined via cross-project benchmarking. The price dimension involved aggregating fundamental data—such as unit labor costs, original equipment values, and material prices—with a moving average method applied to smooth out price fluctuations. The cost dimension determined standard rates for indirect and administrative costs according to Governmental Accounting Standards, adapted to geological industry specifics. This process yielded theoretical values for the budgetary standards, forming a scientific basis for their formal establishment. Through the systematic integration of these three methodological approaches, this study facilitates a structured research pathway from empirical observation to theoretical modeling, enhancing the scientific rigor and practical applicability of the resulting budgetary standards. Results This study establishes a budget standard for environmental geological mappings, defined as the benchmark for resource inputs and consumption required to complete one unit of survey work under specific technical conditions. This standard is quantitatively derived by integrating core factors such as personnel allocation, equipment configuration, material consumption, and production efficiency. Its primary function is to effectively link project tasks with financial expenditures, serving as a key reference for evaluating the reasonableness and equity of project budget allocations [ 45 , 46 ]. The theoretical value model of the budget standard is illustrated in Fig. 2 . The following sections detail the calculation methods for key components—including basic quotas and economic parameters—and provide a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical value estimation process. Basic Quota Calculation ① Productivity This study develops a quantitative evaluation method for production efficiency within the geological survey sector, aiming to enhance the scientific basis for resource allocation and the accuracy of management decisions. Based on field logs from 16 environmental geological mapping projects, a time utilization structure model was constructed to systematically analyze the temporal allocation and efficiency of various field operations. A hierarchical approach was applied to decompose field working time as follows: Analysis of Basic Time Proportion: Field time utilization structure (%) = Σ (field calendar days per work item) / Total annual field calendar days × 100%. Field calendar days are derived from raw project data, counting days from departure to return. Days exceeding 8 hours are prorated; those under 8 hours are counted as one full day. Allocation of Non-productive Time: Allocated days for inclement weather and indoor processing = Non-productive calendar days × [Field calendar days for a specific work method / (Total annual field calendar days – Non-productive calendar days)]. Standardized Quota Calculation: Field quota days for a specific work method = Actual calendar working days + Allocated non-productive days. Annual Workload Area: Sourced directly from field log records. Group-day Efficiency Formula: Group-day efficiency = Annual workload / (Field quota days × Number of project teams conducting the work). The resulting statistical matrix for time utilization in environmental geological mappings (Table 2 ) enables cross-project and cross-method comparison. This study introduces an innovative dynamic allocation mechanism for non-productive time, effectively mitigating weather-related distortions in efficiency evaluation and supporting refined management and optimal resource allocation. Table 1 Time Utilization Structure of 1:50,000 Environmental Geological Mapping field teams Province Working Methods Field Work Calendar Days Field Time Utilization Structure Allocated Days for Adverse Weather and Data Processing Standard Field Work Days Workload Area (km 2 ) Group Daily Efficiency(km 2 /day) Hebei and Beijing 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 35 17% 11 46 1600 34.8 Other Field Work 124 59% 39 163 Indoor Work Time 50 24% 0 50 Liaoning 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 35 17% 11 46 800 17.4 Other Field Work 124 59% 39 163 Indoor Work Time 50 24% 0 50 Heilongjiang 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 54 28% 19 73 350 4.80 Other Field Work 89 46% 31 102 Indoor Work Time 50 26% 0 9 Neimenggu 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 19 10% 1 20 400 10.0 Other Field Work 159 85% 8 167 Indoor Work Time 9 5% 0 9 Yunan 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 516 45% 162 678 1400 2.0 Other Field Work 348 31% 110 458 Indoor Work Time 272 24% 0 272 Jilin 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 35 56% 20 55 800 14.5 Other Field Work 5 7% 3 8 Indoor Work Time 23 37% 0 23 Hubei 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 80 48% 35 115 550 4.8 Other Field Work 35 21% 15 50 Indoor Work Time 50 31% 0 50 Fujian 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 108 56% 5 113 920 8.2 Other Field Work 76 40% 3 79 Indoor Work Time 8 4% 0 8 Zhejiang 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 545 88% 48 593 4400 7.4 Other Field Work 22 4% 2 24 Indoor Work Time 50 8% 0 50 Anhui 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 40 70% 13 53 400 7.5 Other Field Work 3 5% 1 4 Indoor Work Time 14 25% 0 14 Shandong 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 23 42% 21 44 175 4.0 Other Field Work 6 11% 5 11 Indoor Work Time 26 47% 0 26 Henan 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 240 51% 39 279 3800 13.6 Other Field Work 165 35% 26 192 Indoor Work Time 65 14% 0 62 Guangxi 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 76 50% 20 96 250 2.6 Other Field Work 44 29% 12 56 Indoor Work Time 32 21% 0 32 Shanxi 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 50 59% 15 65 600 9.2 Other Field Work 15 18% 5 20 Indoor Work Time 20 24% 0 20 Qinghai 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 110 61% 31 141 680 4.8 Other Field Work 30 17% 9 39 Indoor Work Time 40 22% 0 40 Xinjiang 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping 86 61% 23 109 400 3.7 Other Field Work 24 17% 7 31 Indoor Work Time 30 21% 0 30 Through statistical analysis of time use across work stages, group-day efficiency values were derived for each method. Applying the statistical mode, a representative efficiency value of 4.8 km²/day was established for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping. ② Personnel Configuration Personnel allocation is output-based and determined via a position-oriented approach, allowing flexible one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-one assignments. A comprehensive framework was developed in line with the “completeness” principle and the Technical Requirements for environmental geological mappings (1:50,000) (DD2019-07) [ 47 ], tailored to conditions observed across 16 project teams. Roles are categorized as follows: Project Management: Includes one Project Manager and one Deputy Manager per project. Data from 16 projects indicate that an average project completes two map sheets annually, each requiring one manager and executed by two field teams. Field Teams: Adopting the structure specified in the Specification for Geological Survey Field Operations (DZ/T 0251–2022) [ 48 ], each standard team comprises one Team Leader (Technical Supervisor), one Technician, one General Administrator (handling safety and logistics, supporting up to two teams), and one Sample Collector. This configuration minimizes redundancy while ensuring safety and efficiency (Table 2 ), overcoming the limitations of experience-based decisions and providing a quantitative basis for industry quotas. Table 2 Personnel allocation for 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping field teams. NO. Position professional qualifications Personnel quota per team 1 project leader Senior Professional Title 0.25 2 project vice-leader Associate Senior Professional Title 0.25 3 Map director Associate Senior Professional Title 0.5 4 Team leader Intermediate Professional Title 1 5 Team member Intermediate Professional Title 1 6 Comprehensive management (safety, logistics) Junior Professional Title 0.25 7 Sample Collector Skilled Worker 1 Note: Given that the annual workload for one project is 2 map sheets and each map sheet requires 2 survey groups, a total of 4 survey groups are needed per project annually. ③ Material Consumption Given the diversity and continuity of material usage in environmental geological mappings, establishing consumption quotas is challenging. This study analyzed consumption data from 16 projects, with annual means for each material item summarized in Table 3 . Table 3 Material Consumption for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping field teams. No. Material Annual Material Consumption per Team No. Material Annual Material Consumption per Team No. Material Annual Material Consumption per Team 1 geological hammer 8 set 26 stapler 6 set 51 lockbox 2 set 2 Geological package 8 set 27 magnifier 6 set 52 Fire Extinguisher 2 set 3 compass 8 set 28 Solid glue 12 set 53 Instrument box 20 set 4 sampling bag 300 set 29 light disk 6 set 54 curtain 2 set 5 sampling bottle 200 set 30 storage box 6 set 55 Camera 2 set 6 water sampler 6 set 31 socket 6 set 56 flashlight 6 set 7 Sample storage box 20 set 32 ruler 6 set 57 glove 30 set 8 Self sealing bag 300 set 33 power bank 6 set 58 mouse 6 set 9 Engineer shovel 8 set 34 sensor 6 set 59 mouse pad 6 set 10 wrench 4 set 35 printing paper 6 set 60 casing clamp 20 set 11 Tool knife 8 set 36 filing box 20 set 61 Projector Mounts 1 set 12 scissors 8 set 37 calculator 6 set 62 bracket 6 set 13 marking pen 30 set 38 binder clip 150 set 63 toner cartridge 2 set 14 Gel Pen 30 set 39 rubber 20 set 64 tinfoil 6 set 15 pencil 30 set 40 Wallet 6 set 65 Laptop Bag 6 set 16 pencil case 6 set 41 staple remover 6 set 66 electric kettle 2 set 17 pen container 6 set 42 Document 12 set 67 power supply 1 set 18 Record card 30 set 43 document bag 12 set 68 U disk 2 set 19 Logbook 18 set 44 document box 30 set 69 external hard 6 set 20 adhesive tape 12 set 45 folder 30 set 70 tissue 60 set 21 Pencil sharpener 8 set 46 Box 12 set 71 basket 6 set 22 post-it 6 set 47 Cutting pad 6 set 72 broom 2 set 23 Identification cards 80 set 48 radiator 6 set 73 mop 2 set 24 battery 60 set 49 wire 30 set 74 barrel 6 set 25 staple pin 12 set 50 Roller cutting 1 set 75 First aid kit 6 set ④ Equipment Configuration Modern survey equipment—such as mapping tablets and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)—has greatly improved field data acquisition and processing efficiency [ 49 ]. A dual-level quota system (“Map Sheet–Field Team”) was implemented to optimize resource use through shared allocation. For example, each map sheet is allocated two mapping tablets, enabling one tablet per field team. Other equipment allocations are detailed in Table 4 . Table 4 Equipment configuration for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping field teams. No. Equipment Quantity of equipment per map Quantity of equipment per team No. Equipment Quantity of equipment per map Quantity of equipment per team 1 Mapping handheld device 2 1 13 Shallow soil drilling 2 1 2 Notebook computer 6 3 14 Water quality meter 2 1 3 camera 2 1 15 Water sampler 2 1 4 projector 1 0.5 16 Water level gauge 2 1 5 MFP 1 0.5 17 peristaltic pump 2 1 6 walkie-talkie 6 3 18 Submersible pump 2 1 7 range finder 1 0.5 19 current meter 2 1 8 Beidou terminal 2 1 20 Point Load Gauge 2 1 9 GPS positioning terminal 2 1 21 Groundwater depth sampler 2 1 10 UAV 0.5 0.25 22 Groove drill 2 1 11 generator 1 0.5 23 fridge 1 0.5 12 turbidimeter 2 1 24 RTK 2 1 ⑤ Transportation Quota The transportation quota reflects the vehicle workload per map sheet. Data from 16 teams show an average of 36,492 km traveled per map sheet per standard team (one off-road vehicle). Thus, the quota per team is set at 18,246 km. (2) Economic Parameter Calculation ① Wages Compensation standards are based on China Geological Survey (CGS) official data submitted to national statistical and labor authorities [ 50 ]. Remuneration is strictly tiered by position grade: Technical personnel: Senior (grades 2–4), Associate Senior (5–7), Intermediate (8–10), Junior (11–13).Skilled workers: Senior (grade 2), Intermediate (3), Junior (4–5). Field allowances are excluded from these figures. Details are provided in Table 5 . Table 5 Salary parameter for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping field professor (CNY/person*per moth) skilled workers(CNY/person*per moth) Senior Associate Senior Intermediate Junior Senior Intermediate Junior 26235.62 17982.59 14492.54 11542.15 13220.09 11928.07 8619.08 ② Field Allowance According to the “Notice on Adjusting Field Work Allowances for Geological Exploration Personnel” (RenSheBuFa [2014] No. 46) [ 51 ], field personnel receive a daily allowance. For this survey, classified as reconnaissance, an expert panel recommended a standard of 80 RMB/person-day to reflect operational intensity and technical demands. ③ Commodity Prices Prices for materials, equipment book values, and fuel costs were calculated using annual price indices from the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBSC) and guidance from the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), calibrated with actual field expenditure data. (3) Budget Standard Calculation Model The model, based on the Geological Exploration Accounting System, categorizes costs into direct, indirect, and management costs [ 52 ]: Direct Costs: Include labor (based on staffing, wages, allowances over 250 days), materials (annual consumption × market price), equipment maintenance (original value × 2.5% maintenance rate), transportation (vehicle lease, mileage, fuel), and other direct costs (5% of labor and material costs). Indirect Costs: Cover project management and supervision at 12.5% of direct costs [ 53 ]. Management Costs: Administrative overhead at 5% of the sum of direct and indirect costs [ 53 ]. The theoretical budget standard (RMB per unit workload) is calculated as: Theoretical Budget Standard = (Annual Direct Cost per Team + Annual Indirect Cost per Team + Annual Management Cost per Team) / Annual Workload per Team Results are rounded to the nearest integer. Methodology and parameters are detailed in Table 6 . Table 6 Budget Standard Calculation Model for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping field No. Costs calculation formula 1 Direct Costs 1.1 + 1.2 + 1.3 + 1.4 + 1.5 1.1 Direct Labor Costs salary standards and field allowances×staffing×work year 1.2 Direct Material Costs ∑prevailing market price×annual consumption volume of each material item 1.3 Direct Equipment Maintenance Costs ∑original value of the equipment ×industry-average maintenance rate of 2.5% 1.4 Direct Transportation Costs ∑Number of vehicles× rental unit price×annual working time + annual mileage×oil price 1.5 Other Direct Costs (1.1 + 1.2)×5% 2 Indirect Costs (1.1 + 1.2 + 1.3 + 1.4 + 1.5)×12.5% 3 Management Costs (1 + 2)×5% 4 Theoretical Budget Standard (1 + 2 + 3)/Annual workload of the team (4) Adjustment Coefficients ① Geological Complexity Complex geology (e.g., active tectonics, diverse lithology, high fault density) necessitates greater effort, sampling, and testing, increasing costs. Complexity is graded via metrics including:Lithology (attitude variability, assemblage complexity, facies changes),Structure (fold complexity, fault density, structural overprinting),Topography (elevation range, valley density, traverse conditions),Outcrop quality (exposure rate, overburden thickness),Geological hazards (type, activity, distribution density),Based on integrated assessment, three grades—simple, moderate, complex—are defined, with adjustment coefficients applied per the Budget Standards for Geological Survey Projects (2021) [ 53 ]. Table 7 Geological complexity for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping field Geological complexity characteristic Budget coefficient Budget standard (CNY/km2) Simple (Level I) The rock strata have a gentle horizontal or inclined orientation, simple strata, good outcrops, flat terrain, and are easy to pass through. 1.0 621 Medium (Level II) There are significant folds and faults, unstable lithological changes, moderate outcrops, unfavorable geological phenomena but not complex, large terrain undulations, many rivers and shrubs, sometimes requiring detours 1.2 775 Complex (Level III) There are complex folds and faults, complex lithological changes, diverse types, poor outcrops, complex geological phenomena, and difficult passage 1.5 972 ② Regional Adjustment Coefficient Significant regional variations in labor, material, and transportation costs across China are accommodated using a dynamic adjustment mechanism. Factors include:Field construction period (climate, effective working days),Labor costs (provincial wage standards),Logistics (road access, fuel prices, remote area premiums),China is divided into 11 cost correction zones (Supplementary Table 1), with coefficients objectively weighted via an entropy weight-TOPSIS model. Discussion As a cornerstone of geological hazard prevention, ecological conservation, and territorial spatial planning, environmental geological mappinging relies on scientifically sound budget standards to ensure efficiency and cross-regional data comparability [ 54 ]. However, China’s current budgeting norms for 1:50,000-scale surveys have not been updated in over a decade, resulting in systemic inadequacies such as regional funding imbalances and compromised data quality. This study establishes a revised budgeting framework that integrates geological complexity, market realities, technological advances, and fiscal policies to support high-quality development in geological surveying. A core challenge addressed is the spatial heterogeneity of geological environments. Survey costs vary significantly due to differences in tectonic setting, geotechnical properties, and hazard susceptibility. For example, field efficiency in southwestern mountainous areas is over 40% lower than in eastern plains [ 55 ]. The proposed model introduces regional adjustment coefficients and geological complexity tiers to objectively reflect cost variations, moving beyond the rigid uniformity of existing standards. Moreover, current budgeting practices fail to counteract market distortions. Under competitive bidding, inadequate budgets often lead to low-quality outcomes, such as insufficient sampling density—only 72% of the required 3–5 sites/km² in bedrock areas are implemented under the DZ/T 0289–2015 standard [ 56 ]. Scientifically calibrated budget norms can curb such “low-bid, low-quality” practices and ensure sufficient funding for reliable data acquisition. Technological progress and socioeconomic shifts further underscore the need for updated standards. Labor costs and inflation have risen substantially over the past decade, while new technologies such as UAV photogrammetry and InSAR alter cost structures. Although UAV-based DEM reduces unit costs by 40%, related expenses such as data processing now account for 35% of total costs [ 57 ]. The updated budget framework incorporates these evolving factors to align technological adoption with fiscal planning. This realignment also responds to national policy. The State Council’s 2021 Guidelines (No. 5) and subsequent Ministry of Finance directives mandate comprehensive expenditure standards for government-funded projects by 2025. Our model supports this goal through a systematic, multi-dimensional approach. Methodologically, this study improves upon traditional quota data collection, which suffered from inconsistent reporting after the abolition of the three-tier management system. Instead, we directly extracted 12,843 validated records from original field logs, material ledgers, and equipment reports, ensuring high data integrity and minimal bias. Key data exhibited a coefficient of variation below 0.25 after outlier removal. A dual-cycle validation mechanism was employed: statistical analysis of field time utilization and efficiency quotas, followed by expert consultation via the Delphi method (with 10 bureau-level units) and on-site verification with three regional centers. The resulting quota system covers personnel, materials, equipment, and transportation. Field tests in three geological settings—simple (North China Plain), moderately complex (Qinling-Daba Mountains), and highly complex (Taklimakan Desert)—showed high accuracy, with deviations between projected and actual budgets of 2.1%, 1.7%, and 2.5%, respectively. This research offers innovative advances in data collection and productivity quantification. By deriving key parameters directly from field records, we reduce reporting bias and improve authenticity. A hierarchical time-calculation method disaggregates productive and non-productive time, improving efficiency benchmarking. While applicable to other survey scales (e.g., 1:10,000 or 1:250,000), the model currently underrepresents extreme environments (e.g., permafrost or karst regions). Future studies should expand geographic coverage and incorporate dynamic mechanisms—such as CPI-linked adjustments—to enhance long-term relevance. Declarations Acknowledgements (not compulsory) We would like to express our respect and gratitude to the anonymous reviewers and editors for their valuable comments and suggestions. Author contributions statement Conceptualization and methodology, Gan Luo, Mingqi Tao,; formal analysis, Shuai Zhong and Gan Luo.; investigation, data curation and resources, Gan Luo, Mingqi Tao; writing—original draft preparation, Gan Luo and Shuai Zhong; writing—review and editing, Gan Luo and Shuai Zhong; project administration and funding acquisition, Mingqi Tao,Chunqian Cao,and Gan Luo. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding This research was funded by the Dynamic Update and Research on Budget Standards for Geological Survey Projects of China Geological Survey Projects (Grant No.DD20230559); the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition, Grant No. 2022xjkk0804, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 42471324. 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Local Finance Research, 2025, (05): 12-23 Ma Caichen, Guan Yanru On the Construction of Budget Expenditure Standard System [J]. Fiscal Science, 2022, (08):5-15.DOI:10.19477/j.cnki.10-1368/f.2022.08.001. Dong Chengyong Understanding and Implementation Path of "Standard Science" in Budget System [J]. Fiscal Science, 2022, (07):131-136.DOI:10.19477/j.cnki.10-1368/f.2022.07.004. Ministry of Natural Resources, PRC. Technical Requirements for environmental geological mapping (1:50,000) (DD2019-07) [S]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2019. Ministry of Natural Resources, PRC. Standard for Field Operations of Geological Survey (DZ/T 0251-2022) [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2022. Zhang Xialin, Shi Zhilong, Wu Chonglong, etc Intelligent collection and visualization technology of field geological big data based on mobile devices [J]. Geological Science and Technology Bulletin, 2020,39 (04): 21-28. DOI: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq. 2020.0403 National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2023). 2022 Statistical Report on Employee Wages in Urban Units [Statistical Report]. Beijing: China Statistics Press. Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. (2014). *Regulation on Field Subsidies for Geological Workers (HRSS No. 46/2014)* [R]. Beijing. Wang Pengfei Exploration on the Connection between Government Accounting System and Geological Exploration Accounting System [J]. Finance and Accounting, 2018, (24): 68-70 Ministry of Natural Resources, China. (2021). Budgetary Standard for Geological Survey Projects (2021) [Government Standard]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. Wang, Z., Chen, J., Lian, Z. et al. Influence of buffer distance on environmental geological hazard susceptibility assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 9582–9595 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31739-3 Luan P, Liu X W. Evaluation of influencing factors for regional adjustment coefficients in geological surveys [J]. China Economist, 2023, (03): 7-8. Zhou Q P, Yang H. Application demonstration of UAV technology in eco-environmental geological mapping of the Yangtze River Delta water network plain area [J]. East China Geology, 2021, 42(2): 175. Xiu L C, Zheng Z Z, Yang B, et al. Application of airborne hyperspectral imaging technology in ecological environment protection of Jiangsu-Anhui-Zhejiang region along the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. Geology in China, 2021, 48(5): 1334-1356. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":113361,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSchematic of the research framework\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7578290/v1/d8624c4ead4e62ba17cbd3e0.png"},{"id":95583687,"identity":"df6dc2da-0340-4fdf-a807-ef2e71ca5f93","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 21:49:02","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":115200,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTheoretical Value Model Diagram of Budget Standards\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7578290/v1/c2f9ba60ff9f5e43d062ab7f.png"},{"id":104250621,"identity":"88af9491-dd7f-45e8-b801-7d8d37799690","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-09 16:02:22","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1653330,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7578290/v1/40adf259-ab2a-4296-8239-7e7f9dbafca0.pdf"},{"id":95583685,"identity":"c8e0a074-7725-4c79-8d73-41575345ee7c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 21:49:02","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":15903,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AppendixA.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7578290/v1/407a2d82e6c2683e6c0eeeb5.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Multidimensional Budget Calculation Model for Environmental Geological Mapping: Framework Construction and Empirical Validation","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental geology, an interdisciplinary field integrating environmental science and geological studies, examines the interactions between human activities and the geological environment [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. As a core component of this discipline, environmental geological mappings employ systematic observation and mapping to assess the impacts of geological hazards\u0026mdash;such as landslides, debris flows, land subsidence, and water contamination\u0026mdash;on human production, daily life, and infrastructure [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. In recent years, these surveys have become increasingly critical for urban geological risk assessment, supporting evidence-based resilient urban planning in alignment with United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. For instance, in 2024, the United States Geological Survey allocated \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e1.1\u0026nbsp;million to an environmental geologic mapping project utilizing airborne hyperspectral imaging to characterize surface geology and enhance natural hazard understanding [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, since 2015, the China Geological Survey has conducted 1:50,000-scale environmental geological mappings covering over 100,000 km\u0026sup2;, with a total investment of nearly 5\u0026nbsp;billion RMB, significantly improving the accuracy of regional environmental geological assessments [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. These efforts underscore the essential role of environmental geological mapping in applications spanning hazard mitigation, resource management, and ecological conservation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenvironmental geological mappings are indispensable for tracing pollution sources, providing early warnings of geological disaster chains, and assessing ecosystem services [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Since the 1990s, with the global transition into a post-industrial era, regional environmental geological mapping and assessment have become priorities in national geological programs. Consequently, countries including the United States, Russia, Australia, and China have launched large-scale environmental geological mapping projects [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Traditional methodologies, refined through decades of practice, now form standardized protocols for these investigations. More recently, environmental geological mappings have become vital tools in evaluating urban geological risks worldwide [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. Conventional techniques include geological mapping (scales from 1:10,000 to 1:50,000), stratigraphic profiling, systematic drilling and sampling, and multi-parameter geochemical analysis. These methods yield fine-scale characterization of lithology, structure, and hydrogeological conditions, enabling qualitative and quantitative analysis of environmental geological issues. Historically, fieldwork relied on basic tools such as geological compasses, measuring tapes, handheld GPS, and portable instruments like pH meters and heavy metal detectors for on-site measurements. Although this approach required 30\u0026ndash;60 minutes per sampling point, it achieved data reliability exceeding 95%. Its proficiency in identifying micro-features within complex geological settings (e.g., karst terrains and fault zones) remains unmatched by modern alternatives [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA promising research direction involves integrating traditional methods with emerging technologies. For example, drone-based aerial surveys (with 30\u0026ndash;60 minutes of endurance) facilitate rapid 3D terrain modeling, while GIS spatial analysis (e.g., Kriging interpolation) optimizes sampling point distribution, improving field efficiency by 40%\u0026ndash;60%. Additionally, portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers enable rapid on-site screening (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2 minutes per sample), with subsequent laboratory analysis providing a two-tiered validation process that ensures data quality without compromising accuracy [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe formulation of a scientific and rational budget is crucial for successful project execution and optimal allocation of financial resources [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. The validity of such a budget fundamentally depends on the accuracy and relevance of its underlying standards. As geological surveys evolve toward greater refinement and scientific rigor, research on budgetary standards has become a central issue in geological economic management [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. Internationally, scholars have systematically investigated the theoretical foundations, compilation methodologies, and dynamic adjustment mechanisms of these standards, establishing a relatively comprehensive research framework. For example, the United States Geological Survey introduced a hierarchical budgetary system in its Guidelines for Cost Estimation of Geological Mapping [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e], which incorporates geological complexity and map scale and uses GIS spatial analysis for dynamic updates, significantly enhancing budgetary adaptability and accuracy. Similarly, the Geological Survey of Australia employs a \u0026ldquo;benchmark cost plus regional correction factor\u0026rdquo; approach [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e], constructing regression models that integrate environmental variables such as topography, accessibility, and climate to improve budgetary performance in complex terrains. In China, researchers have addressed the historical undervaluation of technical inputs by proposing cost correction models based on intellectual labor valuation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. More recent studies incorporate price fluctuation transmission mechanisms to quantitatively adjust for macroeconomic factors like inflation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. Despite these advances, existing research remains limited by a focus on localized parameter optimization, with insufficient innovation in systematic methodological approaches.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs environmental geological mappings form the foundational basis for territorial spatial planning, ecological conservation and restoration, and natural resource management, the scientific validity of their budgetary standards directly influences the efficiency of fiscal fund utilization and project cost control [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. The rationality of these standards hinges on the scientific determination of basic quotas, which requires systematic analysis of historical data. Traditional quota data collection relies on extensive field investigations, incurring high costs in manpower, materials, and time. China\u0026rsquo;s current geological survey budget quota system was last systematically revised in 2009 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. Since then, technological advancements (e.g., drone aerial surveying, which reduces transportation costs and improves efficiency but increases equipment maintenance expenses) and socioeconomic changes (e.g., rising labor costs and equipment upgrades) have rendered existing quotas inadequate to reflect actual survey costs. This misalignment often leads to either reduced workload due to budget shortfalls or inefficient use of idle funds [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]. Resolving the tension between \u0026ldquo;regional equity\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;fiscal controllability\u0026rdquo;\u0026mdash;caused by geological environmental heterogeneity\u0026mdash;requires urgent establishment of a new-era budgetary standard system. However, administrative restructuring over the past decade has dismantled the original three-tier quota management system (\u0026ldquo;Ministry-Bureau-Team\u0026rdquo;), creating significant institutional barriers to basic quota data collection [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA review of the literature indicates that no systematic research currently exists specifically on budgetary standards for environmental geological mappings. Relevant studies remain largely exploratory, lacking scientific cost estimation methods. Notably, survey scale is a decisive factor influencing budgetary requirements: theoretical studies show a significant positive correlation between scale and cost. Large-scale surveys (e.g., 1:5,000) require finer mapping units, higher densities of geological observation points (spaced tens of meters apart), more detailed descriptions and analyses, and greater sample collection and testing compared to 1:50,000-scale surveys, where observation points may be spaced hundreds of meters apart, substantially reducing labor, time, and analytical costs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e]. Given the current predominance of 1:50,000-scale environmental geological mappings in China, this study focuses on systematic cost estimation for this scale as a case study. The resulting model may serve as a reference for cost estimation at other scales.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe contributions of this study are threefold: (1) it introduces a novel method for collecting basic field-level quotas via operational log mining; (2) it establishes a cost estimation model tailored to environmental geological mappings using an activity-based costing framework; and (3) it provides a scientific basis for fiscal budgeting, addressing a theoretical gap at the intersection of environmental geology and public finance management.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study adopts a multi-method analytical framework combining case study analysis, cost decomposition, and quota measurement to establish an empirical basis for developing budgetary standards in environmental geological mapping projects.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCase Study Analysis. A multi-case comparative design was utilized, incorporating 16 representative environmental geological mapping projects conducted between 2020 and 2024 across 11 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China, including Beijing, Hebei, Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Liaoning, Hubei, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Sample selection was guided by principles of representativeness, data completeness, and comparability, covering diverse geomorphological units (e.g., mountainous, plain, and karst terrains), climatic zones, and levels of geological complexity. A standardized data collection template was developed to systematically extract information from field logs regarding personnel, materials, equipment, transportation, and workflow details.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCost Decomposition Method. A multi-dimensional cost decomposition model was constructed, categorizing total costs into direct costs, indirect costs, and administrative costs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. Direct costs were further broken down into four modules:(1) Labor Cost Module, Incorporating factors such as technical personnel\u0026rsquo;s professional title, working hours, and salary levels based on job responsibilities. (2)Equipment Cost Module: Calculating maintenance costs for fixed assets (e.g., mapping handheld devices, water quality meters) as a percentage of their original value according to Governmental Accounting Standards [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. (3)Material Cost Module: Differentiating between low-value consumables (e.g., sample bags, chemical reagents, labels) and reusable tools (e.g., geological hammers, compasses). (4)Transportation Cost Module: Compiling data on vehicle types, number of trips, distance from station to field sites, and fuel consumption.Parametric formulas were established for each module to form a unified quantitative cost accounting system.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuota Measurement Method. Based on engineering economics principles, a three-dimensional \u0026ldquo;quantity\u0026ndash;price\u0026ndash;cost\u0026rdquo; model was developed for budgetary standard measurement [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e].The quantity dimension employed time-motion analysis on field logs to derive time quotas for various tasks, with expected working hours determined via cross-project benchmarking. The price dimension involved aggregating fundamental data\u0026mdash;such as unit labor costs, original equipment values, and material prices\u0026mdash;with a moving average method applied to smooth out price fluctuations. The cost dimension determined standard rates for indirect and administrative costs according to Governmental Accounting Standards, adapted to geological industry specifics. This process yielded theoretical values for the budgetary standards, forming a scientific basis for their formal establishment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThrough the systematic integration of these three methodological approaches, this study facilitates a structured research pathway from empirical observation to theoretical modeling, enhancing the scientific rigor and practical applicability of the resulting budgetary standards.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study establishes a budget standard for environmental geological mappings, defined as the benchmark for resource inputs and consumption required to complete one unit of survey work under specific technical conditions. This standard is quantitatively derived by integrating core factors such as personnel allocation, equipment configuration, material consumption, and production efficiency. Its primary function is to effectively link project tasks with financial expenditures, serving as a key reference for evaluating the reasonableness and equity of project budget allocations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]. The theoretical value model of the budget standard is illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. The following sections detail the calculation methods for key components\u0026mdash;including basic quotas and economic parameters\u0026mdash;and provide a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical value estimation process.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eBasic Quota Calculation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e① Productivity\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study develops a quantitative evaluation method for production efficiency within the geological survey sector, aiming to enhance the scientific basis for resource allocation and the accuracy of management decisions. Based on field logs from 16 environmental geological mapping projects, a time utilization structure model was constructed to systematically analyze the temporal allocation and efficiency of various field operations. A hierarchical approach was applied to decompose field working time as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnalysis of Basic Time Proportion: Field time utilization structure (%) = Σ (field calendar days per work item) / Total annual field calendar days \u0026times; 100%. Field calendar days are derived from raw project data, counting days from departure to return. Days exceeding 8 hours are prorated; those under 8 hours are counted as one full day.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAllocation of Non-productive Time: Allocated days for inclement weather and indoor processing\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Non-productive calendar days \u0026times; [Field calendar days for a specific work method / (Total annual field calendar days \u0026ndash; Non-productive calendar days)].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStandardized Quota Calculation: Field quota days for a specific work method\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Actual calendar working days\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Allocated non-productive days.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnnual Workload Area: Sourced directly from field log records.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroup-day Efficiency Formula: Group-day efficiency\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Annual workload / (Field quota days \u0026times; Number of project teams conducting the work).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe resulting statistical matrix for time utilization in environmental geological mappings (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) enables cross-project and cross-method comparison. This study introduces an innovative dynamic allocation mechanism for non-productive time, effectively mitigating weather-related distortions in efficiency evaluation and supporting refined management and optimal resource allocation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTime Utilization Structure of 1:50,000 Environmental Geological Mapping field teams\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProvince\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWorking Methods\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eField Work Calendar Days\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eField Time Utilization Structure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAllocated Days for Adverse Weather and Data Processing\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStandard Field Work Days\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWorkload Area (km\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroup Daily Efficiency(km\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/day)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHebei and Beijing\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1600\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e163\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLiaoning\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e800\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e163\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeilongjiang\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e350\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNeimenggu\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e400\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e159\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e167\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYunan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e516\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e162\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e678\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1400\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e348\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e458\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e272\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e272\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJilin\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e800\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHubei\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e550\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFujian\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e920\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZhejiang\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e545\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e88%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e593\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4400\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnhui\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e400\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eShandong\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e175\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHenan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e240\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e279\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3800\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e192\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGuangxi\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e250\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eShanxi\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e600\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQinghai\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e680\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eXinjiang\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e400\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Field Work\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndoor Work Time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThrough statistical analysis of time use across work stages, group-day efficiency values were derived for each method. Applying the statistical mode, a representative efficiency value of 4.8 km\u0026sup2;/day was established for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e② Personnel Configuration\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePersonnel allocation is output-based and determined via a position-oriented approach, allowing flexible one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-one assignments. A comprehensive framework was developed in line with the \u0026ldquo;completeness\u0026rdquo; principle and the Technical Requirements for environmental geological mappings (1:50,000) (DD2019-07) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e], tailored to conditions observed across 16 project teams. Roles are categorized as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProject Management: Includes one Project Manager and one Deputy Manager per project. Data from 16 projects indicate that an average project completes two map sheets annually, each requiring one manager and executed by two field teams.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eField Teams: Adopting the structure specified in the Specification for Geological Survey Field Operations (DZ/T 0251\u0026ndash;2022) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e], each standard team comprises one Team Leader (Technical Supervisor), one Technician, one General Administrator (handling safety and logistics, supporting up to two teams), and one Sample Collector.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis configuration minimizes redundancy while ensuring safety and efficiency (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), overcoming the limitations of experience-based decisions and providing a quantitative basis for industry quotas.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePersonnel allocation for 1:50,000 Environmental Geological mapping field teams.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNO.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePosition\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eprofessional qualifications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePersonnel quota per team\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eproject leader\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSenior Professional Title\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eproject vice-leader\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssociate Senior Professional Title\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMap director\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssociate Senior Professional Title\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTeam leader\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntermediate Professional Title\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTeam member\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntermediate Professional Title\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComprehensive management (safety, logistics)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJunior Professional Title\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample Collector\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSkilled Worker\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eNote: Given that the annual workload for one project is 2 map sheets and each map sheet requires 2 survey groups, a total of 4 survey groups are needed per project annually.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e③ Material Consumption\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGiven the diversity and continuity of material usage in environmental geological mappings, establishing consumption quotas is challenging. This study analyzed consumption data from 16 projects, with annual means for each material item summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaterial Consumption for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping field teams.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaterial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnnual Material Consumption per Team\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaterial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnnual Material Consumption per Team\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaterial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnnual Material Consumption per Team\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003egeological hammer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003estapler\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003elockbox\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeological package\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emagnifier\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFire Extinguisher\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompass\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSolid glue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInstrument box\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esampling bag\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e300 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003elight disk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ecurtain\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esampling bottle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e200 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003estorage box\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCamera\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ewater sampler\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esocket\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eflashlight\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample storage box\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eruler\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eglove\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSelf sealing bag\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e300 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003epower bank\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emouse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEngineer shovel\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esensor\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emouse pad\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ewrench\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eprinting paper\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ecasing clamp\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTool knife\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efiling box\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProjector Mounts\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003escissors\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ecalculator\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ebracket\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emarking pen\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ebinder clip\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e150 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003etoner cartridge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGel Pen\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erubber\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003etinfoil\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003epencil\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWallet\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLaptop Bag\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003epencil case\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003estaple remover\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eelectric kettle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003epen container\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003epower supply\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecord card\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edocument bag\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU disk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLogbook\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edocument box\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eexternal hard\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eadhesive tape\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efolder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003etissue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePencil sharpener\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBox\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ebasket\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003epost-it\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCutting pad\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ebroom\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIdentification cards\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eradiator\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emop\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ebattery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ewire\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ebarrel\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003estaple pin\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRoller cutting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFirst aid kit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e④ Equipment Configuration\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eModern survey equipment\u0026mdash;such as mapping tablets and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)\u0026mdash;has greatly improved field data acquisition and processing efficiency [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e]. A dual-level quota system (\u0026ldquo;Map Sheet\u0026ndash;Field Team\u0026rdquo;) was implemented to optimize resource use through shared allocation. For example, each map sheet is allocated two mapping tablets, enabling one tablet per field team. Other equipment allocations are detailed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEquipment configuration for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping field teams.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEquipment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuantity of equipment per map\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuantity of equipment per team\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEquipment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuantity of equipment per map\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuantity of equipment per team\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMapping handheld device\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eShallow soil drilling\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNotebook computer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWater quality meter\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ecamera\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWater sampler\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eprojector\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWater level gauge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMFP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eperistaltic pump\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ewalkie-talkie\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSubmersible pump\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erange finder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ecurrent meter\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeidou terminal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePoint Load Gauge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGPS positioning terminal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroundwater depth sampler\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUAV\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroove drill\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003egenerator\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efridge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eturbidimeter\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRTK\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e⑤\u0026nbsp;Transportation Quota\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe transportation quota reflects the vehicle workload per map sheet. Data from 16 teams show an average of 36,492 km traveled per map sheet per standard team (one off-road vehicle). Thus, the quota per team is set at 18,246 km.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(2) Economic Parameter Calculation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e① Wages\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCompensation standards are based on China Geological Survey (CGS) official data submitted to national statistical and labor authorities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e]. Remuneration is strictly tiered by position grade:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTechnical personnel: Senior (grades 2\u0026ndash;4), Associate Senior (5\u0026ndash;7), Intermediate (8\u0026ndash;10), Junior (11\u0026ndash;13).Skilled workers: Senior (grade 2), Intermediate (3), Junior (4\u0026ndash;5). Field allowances are excluded from these figures. Details are provided in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSalary parameter for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping field\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eprofessor (CNY/person*per moth)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eskilled workers(CNY/person*per moth)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSenior\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssociate Senior\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntermediate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJunior\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSenior\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntermediate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJunior\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26235.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17982.59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14492.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11542.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13220.09\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11928.07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8619.08\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e② Field Allowance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to the \u0026ldquo;Notice on Adjusting Field Work Allowances for Geological Exploration Personnel\u0026rdquo; (RenSheBuFa [2014] No. 46) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e], field personnel receive a daily allowance. For this survey, classified as reconnaissance, an expert panel recommended a standard of 80 RMB/person-day to reflect operational intensity and technical demands.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e③ Commodity Prices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrices for materials, equipment book values, and fuel costs were calculated using annual price indices from the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBSC) and guidance from the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), calibrated with actual field expenditure data.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(3) Budget Standard Calculation Model\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe model, based on the Geological Exploration Accounting System, categorizes costs into direct, indirect, and management costs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e]:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDirect Costs: Include labor (based on staffing, wages, allowances over 250 days), materials (annual consumption \u0026times; market price), equipment maintenance (original value \u0026times; 2.5% maintenance rate), transportation (vehicle lease, mileage, fuel), and other direct costs (5% of labor and material costs).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndirect Costs: Cover project management and supervision at 12.5% of direct costs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eManagement Costs: Administrative overhead at 5% of the sum of direct and indirect costs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe theoretical budget standard (RMB per unit workload) is calculated as:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTheoretical Budget Standard = (Annual Direct Cost per Team\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Annual Indirect Cost per Team\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Annual Management Cost per Team) / Annual Workload per Team\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResults are rounded to the nearest integer. Methodology and parameters are detailed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBudget Standard Calculation Model for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping field\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCosts\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ecalculation formula\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDirect Costs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.1\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1.2\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1.3\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1.4\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDirect Labor Costs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esalary standards and field allowances\u0026times;staffing\u0026times;work year\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDirect Material Costs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026sum;prevailing market price\u0026times;annual consumption volume of each material item\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDirect Equipment Maintenance Costs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026sum;original value of the equipment\u0026nbsp;\u0026times;industry-average maintenance rate of 2.5%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDirect Transportation Costs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026sum;Number of vehicles\u0026times; rental unit price\u0026times;annual working time\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;annual mileage\u0026times;oil price\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther Direct Costs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1.2)\u0026times;5%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndirect Costs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1.2\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1.3\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1.4\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1.5)\u0026times;12.5%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eManagement Costs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;2)\u0026times;5%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTheoretical Budget Standard\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;2\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;3)/Annual workload of the team\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(4) Adjustment Coefficients\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e① Geological Complexity\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eComplex geology (e.g., active tectonics, diverse lithology, high fault density) necessitates greater effort, sampling, and testing, increasing costs. Complexity is graded via metrics including:Lithology (attitude variability, assemblage complexity, facies changes),Structure (fold complexity, fault density, structural overprinting),Topography (elevation range, valley density, traverse conditions),Outcrop quality (exposure rate, overburden thickness),Geological hazards (type, activity, distribution density),Based on integrated assessment, three grades\u0026mdash;simple, moderate, complex\u0026mdash;are defined, with adjustment coefficients applied per the Budget Standards for Geological Survey Projects (2021) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeological complexity for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping field\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeological complexity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003echaracteristic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBudget coefficient\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBudget standard (CNY/km2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSimple (Level I)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe rock strata have a gentle horizontal or inclined orientation, simple strata, good outcrops, flat terrain, and are easy to pass through.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e621\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedium (Level II)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere are significant folds and faults, unstable lithological changes, moderate outcrops, unfavorable geological phenomena but not complex, large terrain undulations, many rivers and shrubs, sometimes requiring detours\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e775\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComplex (Level III)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere are complex folds and faults, complex lithological changes, diverse types, poor outcrops, complex geological phenomena, and difficult passage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e972\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e② Regional Adjustment Coefficient\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSignificant regional variations in labor, material, and transportation costs across China are accommodated using a dynamic adjustment mechanism. Factors include:Field construction period (climate, effective working days),Labor costs (provincial wage standards),Logistics (road access, fuel prices, remote area premiums),China is divided into 11 cost correction zones (Supplementary Table\u0026nbsp;1), with coefficients objectively weighted via an entropy weight-TOPSIS model.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eAs a cornerstone of geological hazard prevention, ecological conservation, and territorial spatial planning, environmental geological mappinging relies on scientifically sound budget standards to ensure efficiency and cross-regional data comparability [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e]. However, China\u0026rsquo;s current budgeting norms for 1:50,000-scale surveys have not been updated in over a decade, resulting in systemic inadequacies such as regional funding imbalances and compromised data quality. This study establishes a revised budgeting framework that integrates geological complexity, market realities, technological advances, and fiscal policies to support high-quality development in geological surveying.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA core challenge addressed is the spatial heterogeneity of geological environments. Survey costs vary significantly due to differences in tectonic setting, geotechnical properties, and hazard susceptibility. For example, field efficiency in southwestern mountainous areas is over 40% lower than in eastern plains [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e]. The proposed model introduces regional adjustment coefficients and geological complexity tiers to objectively reflect cost variations, moving beyond the rigid uniformity of existing standards.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMoreover, current budgeting practices fail to counteract market distortions. Under competitive bidding, inadequate budgets often lead to low-quality outcomes, such as insufficient sampling density\u0026mdash;only 72% of the required 3\u0026ndash;5 sites/km\u0026sup2; in bedrock areas are implemented under the DZ/T 0289\u0026ndash;2015 standard [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e]. Scientifically calibrated budget norms can curb such \u0026ldquo;low-bid, low-quality\u0026rdquo; practices and ensure sufficient funding for reliable data acquisition.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTechnological progress and socioeconomic shifts further underscore the need for updated standards. Labor costs and inflation have risen substantially over the past decade, while new technologies such as UAV photogrammetry and InSAR alter cost structures. Although UAV-based DEM reduces unit costs by 40%, related expenses such as data processing now account for 35% of total costs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e57\u003c/span\u003e]. The updated budget framework incorporates these evolving factors to align technological adoption with fiscal planning.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis realignment also responds to national policy. The State Council\u0026rsquo;s 2021 Guidelines (No. 5) and subsequent Ministry of Finance directives mandate comprehensive expenditure standards for government-funded projects by 2025. Our model supports this goal through a systematic, multi-dimensional approach.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMethodologically, this study improves upon traditional quota data collection, which suffered from inconsistent reporting after the abolition of the three-tier management system. Instead, we directly extracted 12,843 validated records from original field logs, material ledgers, and equipment reports, ensuring high data integrity and minimal bias. Key data exhibited a coefficient of variation below 0.25 after outlier removal.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA dual-cycle validation mechanism was employed: statistical analysis of field time utilization and efficiency quotas, followed by expert consultation via the Delphi method (with 10 bureau-level units) and on-site verification with three regional centers. The resulting quota system covers personnel, materials, equipment, and transportation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eField tests in three geological settings\u0026mdash;simple (North China Plain), moderately complex (Qinling-Daba Mountains), and highly complex (Taklimakan Desert)\u0026mdash;showed high accuracy, with deviations between projected and actual budgets of 2.1%, 1.7%, and 2.5%, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research offers innovative advances in data collection and productivity quantification. By deriving key parameters directly from field records, we reduce reporting bias and improve authenticity. A hierarchical time-calculation method disaggregates productive and non-productive time, improving efficiency benchmarking.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile applicable to other survey scales (e.g., 1:10,000 or 1:250,000), the model currently underrepresents extreme environments (e.g., permafrost or karst regions). Future studies should expand geographic coverage and incorporate dynamic mechanisms\u0026mdash;such as CPI-linked adjustments\u0026mdash;to enhance long-term relevance.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements (not compulsory)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would like to express our respect and gratitude to the anonymous reviewers and editors for their valuable comments and suggestions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConceptualization and methodology, Gan Luo, Mingqi Tao,; formal analysis, Shuai Zhong and Gan Luo.; investigation, data curation and resources, Gan Luo, Mingqi Tao; writing\u0026mdash;original draft preparation, Gan Luo and Shuai Zhong; writing\u0026mdash;review and editing, Gan Luo and Shuai Zhong; project administration and funding acquisition, Mingqi Tao,Chunqian Cao,and Gan Luo. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research was funded by the Dynamic Update and Research on Budget Standards for Geological Survey Projects of China Geological Survey Projects (Grant No.DD20230559); the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition, Grant No. \u0026nbsp; 2022xjkk0804, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 42471324.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eAdditional\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003einformation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and/or analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eR. K. Upadhyay. Geology and Mineral Resources. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-0598-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrofimov, V.T., Korolev, V.A. The Development of the Nomological Foundations of Environmental Geology. Moscow Univ. Geol. Bull. 79, 563\u0026ndash;571 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3103/S014587522470056X\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGuo, X., Fan, N., Liu, Y. et al. Deep seabed mining: Frontiers in engineering geology and environment. Int J Coal Sci Technol 10, 23 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-023-00580-x\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhou, L., Zhu, X. Q., Feng, Q. Y., et al. Environmental Geology. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology Press, 2022.07.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMa, F., Wang, H., Tzachor, A. et al. The disparities and development trajectories of nations in achieving the sustainable development goals. 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Air Qual Atmos Health (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-025-01771-y\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBarton, I.F., Gabriel, M.J., Lyons-Baral, J. et al. Extending geometallurgy to the mine scale with hyperspectral imaging: a pilot study using drone- and ground-based scanning. Mining, Metallurgy \u0026amp; Exploration 38, 799\u0026ndash;818 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-021-00404-z\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLuo, G.; Tao, M.Q.; Chen, G.S. Research on the Construction of Expenditure Standard System for Geological Survey Projects. Subnational Fiscal Research, 2025(4):88-97.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen, G.S.; Li, X.W.; Yang, H.; Jiang, N. A Review of Research on Quota Standards for Geological Surveys [J]. Mineral Exploration, 2022(S1):365-370.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhang, Y.S.; Sun, L.; Yin, X.L.; et al. Major advances and prospects of environmental geology research in China [J]. Geology in China, 2017, 44(5): 901-912.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSong, D.P. (Ed.). Introduction to Earth Sciences. Nanjing: Jiangsu Phoenix Education Publishing House, 2024.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePappalardo, G., Mineo, S., Cali\u0026ograve;, D. et al. A multi-sensor surveying approach supporting landslide and rock cliff evolution analyses at the Temple of Juno, UNESCO Valle dei Templi site (Italy). Bull Eng Geol Environ 84, 376 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-025-04401-0\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJohn L. Sorrels, Thomas G. Walton, Air Economics Group, Health and Environmental Impacts Division Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Cost Estimation: Concepts and Methodology,2017.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWoodroffe, C.D., Carvalho, R.C., Oliver, T.S. et al. Sediment dynamics at different timescales on an embayed coast in southeastern Australia. J Coast Conserv 26, 21 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-022-00867-2\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiu Rong, Gong Xiaoyun, Li Yajie, et al. Research on the Theoretical Logic and Methodology of Constructing China\u0026apos;s Budget Expenditure Standard System\u0026mdash;Based on the \u0026quot;Minimum Granularity\u0026quot; Classification Method[J]. Economic Research Reference, 2021, (19): 29-42. DOI: 10.16110/j.cnki.issn2095-3151.2021.19.003.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen, G.S.; Li, X.W. Accelerating the Construction of a Quota Standard System for Geological Surveys Under the New Situation [J]. Economic Research Guide, 2022(17): 27-30.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhao, ZH., Sun, H., Zhang, NX. et al. Application of unmanned aerial vehicle tilt photography technology in geological hazard investigation in China. Nat Hazards 120, 11547\u0026ndash;11578 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06611-3\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLuo, G.; Tao, M.; Zhong, S.; Xiao, C. Practical Exploration of Eco-Geological Survey Mapping in Qinghai\u0026ndash;Tibet Plateau: Framework, Standard and Preliminary Cost Estimation. 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Application of Activity-Based Costing in Budget Standards for Geological Survey Projects[J/OL]. Natural Resource Economics of China, 1-13[2025-08-04].\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRamos, V.A. (2025). The National Geological Survey and the Integration of Geology. In: History of the Geological Sciences in Argentina. The Latin American Studies Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83139-3_22\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLi Fan Research on watershed ecological compensation accounting based on environmental cost perspective [J]. Finance and Accounting Communication, 2024, (19):100-103+165.DOI:10.16144/j.cnki.issn1002-8072.2024.19.027.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLi Baozhi Policy Reform, International Reference, and Management Suggestions for Indirect Costs of Research Funds [J]. 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Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 9582\u0026ndash;9595 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31739-3\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLuan P, Liu X W. Evaluation of influencing factors for regional adjustment coefficients in geological surveys [J]. China Economist, 2023, (03): 7-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhou Q P, Yang H. Application demonstration of UAV technology in eco-environmental geological mapping of the Yangtze River Delta water network plain area [J]. East China Geology, 2021, 42(2): 175.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eXiu L C, Zheng Z Z, Yang B, et al. Application of airborne hyperspectral imaging technology in ecological environment protection of Jiangsu-Anhui-Zhejiang region along the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. Geology in China, 2021, 48(5): 1334-1356.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"environmental geological mapping, budget standard, quota calculation, cost model","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7578290/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7578290/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAs a cornerstone of national geological endeavors, environmental geological mappings demand scientifically rigorous budgeting standards to enhance resource allocation efficiency and ensure survey quality. This study establishes a multidimensional budget calculation model tailored for 1:50,000 environmental geological mapping, integrating cost-quota theory within a structured four-phase methodology comprising data collection, quota determination, model development, and empirical validation. Innovatively, the research extracts key productivity metrics\u0026mdash;such as work efficiency (e.g., 4.8 km\u0026sup2;/day per team), personnel deployment, material consumption, equipment allocation, and transportation quotas\u0026mdash;from field logs provided by 16 national survey teams. The model applies fundamental engineering economics principles (\"quantity-price-cost\") to compute theoretical budget values, further refined through a dual-dimensional adjustment mechanism incorporating geological complexity and regional cost coefficients. Empirical validation demonstrates that the proposed model reduces budget deviations to below 3%, markedly surpassing traditional budgeting approaches. This study offers a scalable and scientifically grounded framework for budget management in geological surveys, with substantial practical implications for optimizing fiscal resource allocation and promoting standardization within the industry.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Multidimensional Budget Calculation Model for Environmental Geological Mapping: Framework Construction and Empirical Validation","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-10 21:48:57","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7578290/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-29T10:37:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-24T06:52:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-14T10:28:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-13T07:49:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"218697458490164421694783845320977490573","date":"2025-12-13T07:24:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"228367864335604383362633650776750826157","date":"2025-12-13T05:45:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"35679290779727573062684415050037754914","date":"2025-12-13T05:34:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"178715876261348103150019522689905272051","date":"2025-11-28T16:13:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"110026506212255965980974081680704076932","date":"2025-10-30T13:33:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-30T12:10:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-22T08:30:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-12T06:30:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-09-12T06:25:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d5d1f4d0-bd2a-43fe-a627-00291da66c6e","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 10th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":57676454,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences"},{"id":57676455,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences"},{"id":57676456,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-09T16:00:48+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7578290","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42327-z","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-03 15:57:33","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 3rd, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-10 21:48:57","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-026-42327-z","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42327-z","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7578290","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7578290","identity":"rs-7578290","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}