Impact of natural antioxidant (silybin) on the thermal stability of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene: A Thermogravimetric Study

Impact of natural antioxidant (silybin) on the thermal stability of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene: A Thermogravimetric Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Impact of natural antioxidant (silybin) on the thermal stability of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene: A Thermogravimetric Study Nidhi Khattar, Jagriti Jagriti, Shagun Kainth, Piyush Sharma, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4304013/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 09 Jun, 2024 Read the published version in Discover Polymers → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The natural antioxidant (Silybin), with different concentrations, is introduced in Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) and impact on thermal stability is observed. For this, thermograms are recorded at 5 o C/min heating rate in temperature region 50–600 o C through Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) technique. The model fitting (Coats and Redfern) kinetic approach is adopted to determine activation energy of each recorded thermograms to identify optimum silybin concentration. UHMWPE, with optimum silybin concentration, are further subjected to three other heating rates (10, 15 and 20 o C) in the same temperature region. By employing deconvolution (bi-Gaussian asymmetric function) approach, two iso-conversional kinetic models (Starink (SR) and Friedman (FR)) are utilized to obtain activation energies of the deconvoluted peaks. Further, the reaction mechanism involved in thermal decomposition, changes in entropy \(\left(S\right)\) , change in enthalpy \(\left(H\right)\) and change in Gibbs free energy \(\left(G\right)\) are determined. UHMWPE Natural antioxidant Silybin Deconvolution Thermodynamic parameters Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Tables are available in the Supplementary Files section. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 09 Jun, 2024 Read the published version in Discover Polymers → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 23 May, 2024 Reviews received at journal 22 May, 2024 Reviews received at journal 19 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 May, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 07 May, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 02 May, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 02 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 22 Apr, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4304013","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":299739251,"identity":"f00a6196-4339-4ed9-b170-cbbc58688afe","order_by":0,"name":"Nidhi Khattar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UIET, Kurukshetra University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nidhi","middleName":"","lastName":"Khattar","suffix":""},{"id":299739253,"identity":"4459476c-ff8e-409f-a0e7-972220c71246","order_by":1,"name":"Jagriti Jagriti","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UIET, Kurukshetra University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jagriti","middleName":"","lastName":"Jagriti","suffix":""},{"id":299739255,"identity":"b4a88782-a2f6-443a-a736-becd0ee1d243","order_by":2,"name":"Shagun Kainth","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shagun","middleName":"","lastName":"Kainth","suffix":""},{"id":299739257,"identity":"9d22c290-1dbb-4245-9458-7327f8e6061f","order_by":3,"name":"Piyush Sharma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Piyush","middleName":"","lastName":"Sharma","suffix":""},{"id":299739259,"identity":"127e4395-7f5b-470f-b815-19baf6d80710","order_by":4,"name":"Vishal Ahlawat","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UIET, Kurukshetra University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vishal","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahlawat","suffix":""},{"id":299739262,"identity":"91ae3d31-7f8d-41dd-b521-83c107e64ff6","order_by":5,"name":"Urmila Berar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UIET, Kurukshetra University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Urmila","middleName":"","lastName":"Berar","suffix":""},{"id":299739265,"identity":"418f353e-0f92-47da-b724-e50125959d44","order_by":6,"name":"Pawan K. 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2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":11569,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThermogravimetric (TG) curves of pure UHMWPE and stabilized UHMWPE with 0.1 wt% Silybin, at 5 oC/min heating rate.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/e228bcc237b3dc5e08f77422.png"},{"id":56117813,"identity":"2b610fde-4a75-49e5-86fa-58e2369a5e5f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:44:35","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":12243,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDerivative Thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of pure UHMWPE and stabilized UHMWPE with 0.1 wt% silybin, at 5 oC/min heating rate.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/c02b3801df305b852d13f1ee.png"},{"id":56117311,"identity":"b8cebd50-da42-4eee-8042-22834daec9c8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:28:35","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":40302,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTG/mass-loss curves of UHMWPE samples stabilized with different concentration of Silybin (S) (a) 0.0 - 0.3 wt%, (b) 0.0 and 0.3 - 0.6 wt% and (c) 0.0 and 0.7 - 1.0 wt%.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/35b6594dab838452b6dc07b1.png"},{"id":56117080,"identity":"bfb45719-de78-4388-add6-10e57f225519","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:20:35","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":14310,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThermograms of UHMWPE with 0.3 wt% Silybin concentrations at four different heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 oC/min.).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/db2bfb989db5342a0ffa308d.png"},{"id":56117315,"identity":"a7f9e170-b5c3-4e0e-a7a3-6e95640383e5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:28:35","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":28732,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e(a) Curves of degree of conversion (α) and (b) rate of degree of conversion (dα/dt) as a function of temperature, at four different heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 oC/min.).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/86331c17dec1c4fa923c561e.png"},{"id":56117088,"identity":"67e64c37-b75f-4926-abd0-a078d068baab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:20:35","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":311971,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDeconvolution of (dα/dt) of silybin (0.3 wt%) stabilized UHMWPE at (a) 5 oC/min, (b) 10 oC/min, (c) 15 oC/min and (d) 20 oC/min heating rates.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/77c8497fc7ea049d86cc9ab3.png"},{"id":56117514,"identity":"7e0746c0-56c5-4612-b21a-857d840d684b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:36:35","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":28561,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRate of degree of conversion (dα/dt) as a function of temperature for (a) Peak 1 and (b) Peak 2, at four different heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 oC/min.).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/15aadf055d1f9cffe9c2316b.png"},{"id":56117316,"identity":"9caf36b2-b613-4146-8f02-2ce1bdcfa663","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:28:36","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":28691,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDegree of conversion (α) as a function of temperature for (a) Peak 1 and (b) Peak 2, at four different heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 oC/min.).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/e39b59045eb2de88d1f6d3e7.png"},{"id":56117083,"identity":"a0c66e86-b405-476f-a0b6-4713121a52aa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:20:35","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":28836,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLinear fitted plots, at different degree of conversion (α) values, obtained through Starink model for (a) Peak 1 and (b) Peak 2.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/dfa8c7f13df81d829aef1f51.png"},{"id":56117089,"identity":"75735aa7-f8c9-479a-a34f-4a538c3c6891","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:20:35","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":28224,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLinear fitted plots, at different degree of conversion (α) values, obtained through Friedman model for (a) Peak 1 and (b) Peak 2.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/848208ee0d53755b0a2e8bef.png"},{"id":56117314,"identity":"7c29f219-2944-48b5-b5d7-94103c40b534","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:28:35","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":11925,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eVariation of activation energy as a function of degree of conversion (α) of peak 1 and Peak 2, in case of Starink model.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/30642e0a495af10a9d1cb9e4.png"},{"id":56117094,"identity":"b8c37fd0-17b9-4a09-863d-31a924373bec","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:20:36","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"Figure 13","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":12922,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eVariation of activation energy as a function of degree of conversion (α) of peak 1 and Peak 2, in case of Friedman model.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/dde29eee2e10bd20dd08026c.png"},{"id":56117087,"identity":"cb27d2d3-0ab8-41e6-91dc-453e052233c2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:20:35","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"Figure 14","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":37356,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eComparison between experimental points and theoretical master’s curves obtained for (a) nth order reactions, diffusion mechanisms and phase boundary reactions; and (b) different nucleation mechanisms, for Peak 1.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/9a1584b640c4110a499b15b3.png"},{"id":56117090,"identity":"66fe2dbc-6bdc-426d-9642-28fda8179b06","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:20:35","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"Figure 15","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":37547,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eComparison between experimental points and theoretical master’s curves obtained for (a) nth order reactions, diffusion mechanisms and phase boundary reactions; and (b) different nucleation mechanisms, for Peak 2.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/22ac766f59227a70ebc6132b.png"},{"id":56117085,"identity":"341c8144-801b-438e-aaaf-b3d77fca2889","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:20:35","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"Figure 16","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":186255,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLinear fitted curves to obtain pre-exponential factors, at four different heating rates, for Peak 1.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"16.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/18c5a43c665f932b9cd336b4.png"},{"id":56117091,"identity":"8953af6f-61ac-4f70-a7ea-2bd7dae46247","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 18:20:35","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"Figure 17","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":183506,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLinear fitted curves to obtain pre-exponential factors, at four different heating rates, for Peak 2.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"17.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1/4fa26ae75836313b5130a5af.png"},{"id":58079864,"identity":"95aeaca3-a559-4068-a621-700e7c285193","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-11 00:22:06","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1439159,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4304013/v1_covered_98dbf77f-127a-47f2-8996-8018d284148b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"\u003cp\u003eNo competing interests reported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTables are available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e","formattedTitle":"Impact of natural antioxidant (silybin) on the thermal stability of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene: A Thermogravimetric Study","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-polymers","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Polymers](https://link.springer.com/journal/44347)","snPcode":"44347","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44347/3","title":"Discover Polymers","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"UHMWPE, Natural antioxidant, Silybin, Deconvolution, Thermodynamic parameters","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4304013/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4304013/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe natural antioxidant (Silybin), with different concentrations, is introduced in Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) and impact on thermal stability is observed. For this, thermograms are recorded at 5 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC/min heating rate in temperature region 50\u0026ndash;600 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC through Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) technique. The model fitting (Coats and Redfern) kinetic approach is adopted to determine activation energy of each recorded thermograms to identify optimum silybin concentration. UHMWPE, with optimum silybin concentration, are further subjected to three other heating rates (10, 15 and 20 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC) in the same temperature region. By employing deconvolution (bi-Gaussian asymmetric function) approach, two iso-conversional kinetic models (Starink (SR) and Friedman (FR)) are utilized to obtain activation energies of the deconvoluted peaks. Further, the reaction mechanism involved in thermal decomposition, changes in entropy\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\left(S\\right)\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, change in enthalpy \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\left(H\\right)\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e and change in Gibbs free energy \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\left(G\\right)\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e are determined.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Impact of natural antioxidant (silybin) on the thermal stability of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene: A Thermogravimetric Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-08 18:20:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4304013/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-05-23T06:15:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-22T11:27:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-19T09:32:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"197780489959504055825585500228587121002","date":"2024-05-15T10:04:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"339323152138418419462617602784682191264","date":"2024-05-13T07:54:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-05-08T03:45:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-05-02T13:19:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-05-02T13:13:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Polymers","date":"2024-04-22T07:39:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-polymers","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Polymers](https://link.springer.com/journal/44347)","snPcode":"44347","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44347/3","title":"Discover Polymers","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b21d6541-0e25-4bb0-9ea9-7819936ce55c","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 8th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-06-11T00:21:55+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4304013","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44347-024-00002-4","journal":{"identity":"discover-polymers","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Discover Polymers"},"publishedOn":"2024-06-10 00:21:55","publishedOnDateReadable":"June 10th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-08 18:20:30","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s44347-024-00002-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44347-024-00002-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4304013","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4304013","identity":"rs-4304013","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}