A New Trend of Ovarian and Endometrial Biomarkers in Predicting Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Outcomes

Background: Various models have been developed for the prediction of pregnancy after in vitro fertilization (IVF). These models differ from one another in the predictors they include. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the most relevant predictors for success in IVF. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to determine whether endometrial receptivity biomarkers Mucin1(MUC1), Growth Differentiation Factor -9 (GDF-9), and Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) are associated with IVF outcomes. Materials and Methods: In order to achieve this objective, 120 females with primary or secondary infertility undergoing In Vivo Fertilization (IVF) were included in this study. Serum levels of mucin1(MUC1), Growth Differentiation Factor -9 (GDF-9), and Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) were measured; types of infertility and IVF outcomes (positive β-hCG) were recorded for each participant. Results: Result were shown that females with secondary infertility have a significant higher mean level of both mucin (9.26) and GDF9 (2.7) compared to those with primary infertility (5.94 and 1.03, respectively). While Females with primary infertility have a highly significant higher mean HLA level (33.14) compared to those with secondary infertility (27.34). Also, the mean Mucin level was significantly higher in the group with a positive Beta hCG test (7.59 ng/ml) compared to the negative group (6.54 ng/ml), p-value was <0.05. Similar to Mucin, the mean GDF9 level is also higher in the positive Beta hCG group (3.62 ng/ml) compared to the negative group (2.22 ng/ml) p value was <0.001, increasing level of GDF9 might reflect successful implantation or early pregnancy. The mean HLA level was lower in the positive Beta hCG group (18.31) compared to the negative group (27.19), p value was <0.001. Conclusion: biomarkers of endometrial receptivity, exhibit potential role as indicators of the ovarian response to stimulation during in vitro fertilization.