Modular Architectures and Entanglement Schemes for Error-Corrected Distributed Quantum Computation

Modular Architectures and Entanglement Schemes for Error-Corrected Distributed Quantum Computation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Modular Architectures and Entanglement Schemes for Error-Corrected Distributed Quantum Computation Siddhant Singh, Fenglei Gu, Sebastian de Bone, Eduardo Villasenor, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6210896/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in npj Quantum Information → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Connecting multiple smaller qubit modules by generating high-fidelity entangled states is a promising path for scaling quantum computing hardware. The performance of such a modular quantum computer is highly dependent on the quality and rate of entanglement generation. However, the optimal architectures and entanglement generation schemes are not yet established. Focusing on modular quantum computers with solid-state quantum hardware, we investigate a distributed surface code’s error-correcting threshold and logical failure rate. We consider both emission-based and scattering-based entanglement generation schemes for the measurement of non-local stabilizers. Through quantum optical modeling, we link the performance of the quantum error correction code to the parameters of the underlying physical hardware and identify the necessary parameter regime for fault-tolerant modular quantum computation. In addition, we compare modular architectures with one or two data qubits per module. We find that the performance of the code depends significantly on the choice of entanglement generation scheme, while the two modular architectures have similar error-correcting thresholds. For some schemes, thresholds nearing the thresholds of non-distributed implementations (∼ 0.4%) appear feasible with future parameters. Physical sciences/Physics/Quantum physics/Quantum information Physical sciences/Physics/Quantum physics/Quantum simulation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in npj Quantum Information → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 28 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 20 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 15 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 24 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 18 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 13 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 12 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6210896","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":428166901,"identity":"c5b3545c-3018-4341-85b7-3c57c5c726e0","order_by":0,"name":"Siddhant 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