Corrosion Mechanisms in Early-Song-Dynasty Bluish-White Porcelain from the Nanhai One Shipwreck: Cream and Ash-Green Glazes

Corrosion Mechanisms in Early-Song-Dynasty Bluish-White Porcelain from the Nanhai One Shipwreck: Cream and Ash-Green Glazes | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Corrosion Mechanisms in Early-Song-Dynasty Bluish-White Porcelain from the Nanhai One Shipwreck: Cream and Ash-Green Glazes Yongbin Yu, Yanzi Wang, Naisheng Li, Xiaolin Cheng This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8830914/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this study, two early Song Dynasty bluish-white porcelain samples produced at the Hutian kiln in Jingdezhen and recovered from the Nanhai One shipwreck were analyzed to compare corrosion mechanisms under identical marine conditions. The chemical compositions, microstructures, and corrosion morphologies of the samples revealed two distinct corrosion mechanisms. The transparent cream-colored glaze was primarily affected by dissolution–reprecipitation, with α-FeOOH as the primary corrosion product. By contrast, the matte ash-green glaze contained abundant spherical amorphous SiO x with submicron granular structures, the corrosion and crystallization of which resulted in densely distributed white spots and arc-shaped surface cracks, with FeS 2 as the main corrosion product. These findings suggest that microstructural differences in the glazes, attributable to immature ceramic fabrication techniques during a technological transition period, are key to the differing corrosion mechanisms of these two bluish-white porcelain pieces. Marine burial environment Ceramic microstructure Silicate glass alteration Phase transformation Cristobalite Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryMaterials.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8830914","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":593308132,"identity":"7b69279f-a9e8-4c08-b63c-7c4dd2c02e3b","order_by":0,"name":"Yongbin Yu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Archaeological Research Center of National Cultural Heritage Administration","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yongbin","middleName":"","lastName":"Yu","suffix":""},{"id":593308135,"identity":"1c6c918f-33e4-4e69-bd58-744c802c3208","order_by":1,"name":"Yanzi Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Ancient Ceramics, Jingdezhen Ceramic University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yanzi","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":593308137,"identity":"54623c53-472f-4ed6-823c-dee59d608ae0","order_by":2,"name":"Naisheng Li","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAApUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYwZcPDz95ApBY2iJY0GcmeA8RqgVCHbQxuOBCrhZ334IMff87zMNxgYPzwMYcoh/ElG/a23eZhnN3ALDlzG1FaeMwkeBtu8zDLHGBj5iVSi/nPP3/O8bBJJBCvxYyZh+0ADw8pWoylZduSeSR4DjYT5xd+/jOGH9/8sbO3P9588MNHYrQgAcYG0tSPglEwCkbBKMANAPV2K4AQnIZrAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Archaeological Research Center of National Cultural Heritage Administration","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Naisheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":593308140,"identity":"96ecc95d-e5e7-463a-8e61-e7a8b5928b74","order_by":3,"name":"Xiaolin Cheng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Museum of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaolin","middleName":"","lastName":"Cheng","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-09 13:23:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8830914/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8830914/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104406370,"identity":"71347e90-33d0-4dff-b005-2314a201e921","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 12:25:32","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1983819,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8830914/v1_covered_b1014561-7946-46b5-a99d-6c4f5354fe2b.pdf"},{"id":103015731,"identity":"fe69a353-9568-42f3-9b3c-d0f8e555bf2f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 16:35:24","extension":"pdf","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1695519,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryMaterials.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8830914/v1/597b6e3d79fd5f798d979875.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Corrosion Mechanisms in Early-Song-Dynasty Bluish-White Porcelain from the Nanhai One Shipwreck: Cream and Ash-Green Glazes","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Marine burial environment, Ceramic microstructure, Silicate glass alteration, Phase transformation, Cristobalite","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8830914/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8830914/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, two early Song Dynasty bluish-white porcelain samples produced at the Hutian kiln in Jingdezhen and recovered from the Nanhai One shipwreck were analyzed to compare corrosion mechanisms under identical marine conditions. The chemical compositions, microstructures, and corrosion morphologies of the samples revealed two distinct corrosion mechanisms. The transparent cream-colored glaze was primarily affected by dissolution–reprecipitation, with α-FeOOH as the primary corrosion product. By contrast, the matte ash-green glaze contained abundant spherical amorphous SiO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003e with submicron granular structures,\u0026nbsp;the corrosion and crystallization of which resulted in densely distributed white spots and arc-shaped surface cracks, with FeS\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e as the main corrosion product. These findings suggest that microstructural differences in the glazes, attributable to immature ceramic fabrication techniques during a technological transition period, are key to the differing corrosion mechanisms of these two bluish-white porcelain pieces.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Corrosion Mechanisms in Early-Song-Dynasty Bluish-White Porcelain from the Nanhai One Shipwreck: Cream and Ash-Green Glazes","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-19 16:35:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8830914/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"477d4a52-540f-4674-86a8-104e530e81c0","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 19th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-10T22:54:15+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-19 16:35:19","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8830914","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8830914","identity":"rs-8830914","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}