What was the source of the nonseismic tsunami that occurred in Toyama Bay during the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake?

What was the source of the nonseismic tsunami that occurred in Toyama Bay during the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake? | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article What was the source of the nonseismic tsunami that occurred in Toyama Bay during the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake? Hideaki Yanagisawa, Ikuo Abe, Toshitaka Baba This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4407969/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In recent years, there have been worldwide reports of massive tsunamis, drawing attention to how tsunamis are intensified by submarine landslides triggered by earthquakes. However, precise data of tsunamis caused by submarine landslides are scarce, leading to insufficient information for a thorough discussion of the characteristics of such tsunamis. On the other hand, during the Noto Peninsula earthquake (MJMA7.6) that occurred in Japan on January 1, 2024, a nonseismic tsunami distinct from those originating from fault ruptures were observed. To investigate its characteristics, we analyzed tide/wave gauge records, video footage, and tsunami trace heights along the coast of Toyama Bay. Furthermore, we validated scenarios capable of reproducing the observed records using an integrated landslide–tsunami model. It was found that assuming the existence of 5 submarine landslides along the underwater canyons of Toyama Bay enabled the precise explanation of multiple types of data. Additionally, our study revealed that submarine landslides occurred approximately 50 seconds after the earthquake, coinciding with the peak ground shaking at Toyama Bay. Compared to the seismic tsunami originating solely from the Noto Peninsula offshore fault rupture, the subsequent tsunami triggered by submarine landslides amplified the tsunami height by approximately 30% along Toyama Bay. Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences/Seismology Tsunami Submarine landslide 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake Numerical simulation Integrated landslide–tsunami model Tsunami trace height Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 29 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 25 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 16 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Jun, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Jun, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 04 Jun, 2024 Editor invited by journal 04 Jun, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Jun, 2024 First submitted to journal 12 May, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4407969","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":314242885,"identity":"6cfd1be2-796e-4d87-ac70-c900e9788864","order_by":0,"name":"Hideaki Yanagisawa","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Tohoku Gakuin University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hideaki","middleName":"","lastName":"Yanagisawa","suffix":""},{"id":314242886,"identity":"f22ec5a2-0f09-45df-b924-d5df65f3088c","order_by":1,"name":"Ikuo Abe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokoha University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ikuo","middleName":"","lastName":"Abe","suffix":""},{"id":314242887,"identity":"2031133d-e529-49c5-95c8-f3f849e90467","order_by":2,"name":"Toshitaka Baba","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokushima University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Toshitaka","middleName":"","lastName":"Baba","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-05-12 09:38:32","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4407969/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4407969/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69097-w","type":"published","date":"2024-08-06T15:57:28+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":62298340,"identity":"127f24db-3cf3-4e77-9720-4fb4bb5e2ad2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-12 16:12:23","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1539397,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4407969/v1_covered_4568c76e-18a0-44c6-9b8d-bf7e4728a878.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"What was the source of the nonseismic tsunami that occurred in Toyama Bay during the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake?","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Tsunami, Submarine landslide, 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake, Numerical simulation, Integrated landslide–tsunami model, Tsunami trace height","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4407969/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4407969/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"In recent years, there have been worldwide reports of massive tsunamis, drawing attention to how tsunamis are intensified by submarine landslides triggered by earthquakes. 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