Beyond Precision: A Transferable Hybrid Protocol Integrating Javanese Craftsmanship with CNC and Photogrammetry for Tropical Heritage Conservation

Beyond Precision: A Transferable Hybrid Protocol Integrating Javanese Craftsmanship with CNC and Photogrammetry for Tropical Heritage Conservation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Beyond Precision: A Transferable Hybrid Protocol Integrating Javanese Craftsmanship with CNC and Photogrammetry for Tropical Heritage Conservation Hassan Gbran This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7665311/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Tropical heritage conservation in Southeast Asia faces dual challenges: accelerated material deterioration under humid climates and the gradual loss of traditional craftsmanship. This study proposes a hybrid restoration methodology that integrates Javanese artisanal knowledge with advanced digital fabrication, terrestrial short-range photogrammetry (TSRP) and computer numerical control (CNC) milling. A dual-site comparative framework was applied to two landmark sites in Semarang, Indonesia: Lawang Sewu, a colonial Indo-European railway building characterized by modular balustrade elements, and Sam Poo Kong Temple, a Sino-Javanese complex with high-relief statuary and polychrome ornamentation. The paired design enabled calibration of capture and fabrication protocols across contrasting morphological typologies, testing both scalability and cultural authenticity. Results demonstrate that CNC-assisted replication achieved sub-millimetric fidelity in modular elements, while complex sculptural forms required multi-modal scanning and extended artisanal finishing to maintain symbolic and stylistic coherence. Beyond technical precision, the framework embeds intangible cultural values through manual refinement, aligning with international principles of minimal intervention, reversibility, and authenticity. By demonstrating adaptability across distinct ornamental forms, this research establishes a replicable benchmark for hybrid digital–craft integration in tropical contexts. It contributes to heritage science by bridging advanced fabrication with cultural continuity, offering a transferable model for sustainable restoration in postcolonial maritime environments. Heritage Conservation Digital Fabrication CNC Milling Photogrammetry Colonial Architecture HBIM. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7665311","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":545832032,"identity":"219a864b-88fd-41d0-bd54-1bbfb07fbfa4","order_by":0,"name":"Hassan 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This study proposes a hybrid restoration methodology that integrates Javanese artisanal knowledge with advanced digital fabrication, terrestrial short-range photogrammetry (TSRP) and computer numerical control (CNC) milling. A dual-site comparative framework was applied to two landmark sites in Semarang, Indonesia: Lawang Sewu, a colonial Indo-European railway building characterized by modular balustrade elements, and Sam Poo Kong Temple, a Sino-Javanese complex with high-relief statuary and polychrome ornamentation. The paired design enabled calibration of capture and fabrication protocols across contrasting morphological typologies, testing both scalability and cultural authenticity. Results demonstrate that CNC-assisted replication achieved sub-millimetric fidelity in modular elements, while complex sculptural forms required multi-modal scanning and extended artisanal finishing to maintain symbolic and stylistic coherence. Beyond technical precision, the framework embeds intangible cultural values through manual refinement, aligning with international principles of minimal intervention, reversibility, and authenticity. By demonstrating adaptability across distinct ornamental forms, this research establishes a replicable benchmark for hybrid digital\u0026ndash;craft integration in tropical contexts. 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